EP3740598A1 - Aluminiumlegierung, verfahren zur herstellung eines aluminiumflachprodukts, aluminiumflachprodukt und verwendung desselben - Google Patents
Aluminiumlegierung, verfahren zur herstellung eines aluminiumflachprodukts, aluminiumflachprodukt und verwendung desselbenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3740598A1 EP3740598A1 EP19701587.8A EP19701587A EP3740598A1 EP 3740598 A1 EP3740598 A1 EP 3740598A1 EP 19701587 A EP19701587 A EP 19701587A EP 3740598 A1 EP3740598 A1 EP 3740598A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- weight
- content
- flat product
- superplastic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
- B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
- B21D3/02—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
Definitions
- Aluminum alloy process for producing aluminum flat product, aluminum flat product and use thereof
- the invention relates to an aluminum alloy for superplastic
- Aluminum flat products a process for producing a superplastic aluminum flat product, a superplastic aluminum flat product and its use.
- a typical method of superplastic forming is the so-called blow molding, in which a sheet-like starting material is pressed by pressurization with a fluid, in particular a gas, into a die having a negative shape to the mold to be produced.
- the present invention is based on the object, an aluminum alloy, a method for producing a Aluminiumflach Materialss and a
- Aluminum alloy has the following composition:
- the aluminum alloy can be used in particular for producing an aluminum product by superplastic forming of a
- Aluminum flat product can be used from the aluminum alloy.
- the Na content of the aluminum alloy is preferably max. 2 ppm (i.e., at most 0.0002 wt%), more preferably, max. 1.4 ppm, in particular max. 1.0 ppm. It has been found that the sodium content in the aluminum alloy must be kept extremely low, otherwise it would become too hot during hot rolling of the billet
- edge-side cracks can come. This is especially true if the Aluminum alloy has a high Mg content of 5.2 wt .-% or more.
- a chlorine treatment of the melt can be carried out.
- Aluminum melt is poured into a billet, in which the ingot is hot rolled into a hot strip, wherein the hot strip to a cold strip
- Aluminum flat product in particular a superplastic aluminum flat product which can be produced or produced by the method described above.
- the above object is further achieved according to the invention by the use of the aluminum flat product described above for producing an aluminum product by superplastic forming of the aluminum flat product, in particular by blow molding.
- the U mformtemperatur is superplastic forming preferably in the range of 450 ° C to 520 ° C.
- the total elongation during superplastic forming is preferably at least 100%.
- s and ⁇ is the strain rate.
- An elongation rate sensitivity m> 0.3 is typically achieved only in a certain strain rate range, eg in the range of 10 4 s 1 to 10 3 sh in which the aluminum flat product is superplastic.
- the process is used to produce an aluminum flat product.
- Aluminum flat product may in particular be a band or a sheet.
- the method provides an aluminum melt of the aluminum alloy described above.
- the provision of the aluminum melt is in particular the fact that in an aluminum furnace by melting primary aluminum, optionally scrap and other additives, the
- Composition of the aluminum alloy described above is set.
- the supplied molten aluminum is poured in the process to a billet, especially in DC (direct chill) casting.
- the billet is preheated for hot rolling.
- a separate billet homogenization may be performed prior to preheating to obtain a more uniform texture.
- the billet is hot rolled to a hot strip, preferably at a temperature in the range of 280 ° C to 550 ° C, in particular a
- Hot strip temperature ie, hot strip thickness
- the hot strip is then cold rolled to a cold strip. After cold rolling, the cold strip is straightened.
- the cold strip is passed through a plurality of offset straightening rollers to achieve a flatness suitable for superplastic forming.
- the aluminum melt has an Si content of 0.03-0.10 wt% and / or an Fe content of 0.05-0.15 wt%.
- Silicon and iron are dispersoid formers and are therefore fundamentally advantageous for achieving a fine grain structure for superplastic forming. It has been found, however, that silicon and iron can form coarse intermetallic phases, in particular AlSiFeMn phases, with a size of more than 20 .mu.m or even more than 30 .mu.m, which lead to pore formation in superplastic forming and, in particular, mechanical Properties of the
- the Si content of the aluminum alloy is preferably limited to 0.10 wt% and the Fe content of the aluminum alloy is preferably limited to 0.15 wt%.
- a silicon content below 0.03 wt .-% or an iron content below 0.05 wt .-% can be achieved in technical aluminum alloys only very expensive, which would significantly increase the manufacturing cost of the aluminum flat product and the aluminum product produced therefrom.
- a fine grain structure for the superplastic forming with acceptable low pore formation during superplastic forming can be achieved.
- the Cu content of the aluminum alloy is at most 0.05% by weight. In this way, the corrosion resistance of the
- the aluminum alloy has an Mn content of from 0.7% to 1.0% by weight. It was found that manganese in the
- Aluminum alloy acts as a strong dispersoid, so that a higher content or density of fine dispersoids in the aluminum flat product is produced by a higher content of manganese of at least 0.7 wt .-%. It has been found that these manganese persulants inhibit grain growth, so after the
- Aluminum flat product despite the high forming temperatures is a fine-grained structure.
- the aluminum alloy has a
- Stabilization of the grain sizes can be achieved, whereby the superplastic properties of the aluminum flat product are further improved.
- the increased magnesium content in the stated range results in improved strength and still good rolling properties.
- the magnesium content in this range improves the strength of one of the
- Aluminum flat product produced aluminum product after the
- the aluminum alloy has a zinc content of at most 0.06% by weight and / or a titanium content in the range of 0.015-0.03% by weight. It has been found that a zinc content of up to 0.06% by weight and a titanium content of up to 0.03% by weight are not detrimental to the properties for the superplastic forming of the aluminum flat product.
- a titanium content is desirable as a grain refiner even to a limited extent, in particular with a content of at least 0.015 wt .-%
- the aluminum alloy has a boron content of at most 50 ppm (i.e., at most 0.005 wt%) and / or a maximum calcium content of 15 ppm (i.e., at most 0.0015 wt%) and / or one
- Lithium content of at most 15 ppm i.e., at most 0.0015 wt%).
- Titanium borides have a finely grained finish during casting and thus have a favorable effect on the rolling process and the homogeneity of the product, wherein a boron content of not more than 50 ppm does not adversely affect the properties for the superplastic forming of the aluminum flat product.
- the aluminum melt is provided by melting together a preliminary molten aluminum with additives in order to achieve the composition of the molten aluminum to be provided, in particular the composition described above, wherein at least two of the alloying elements Cr, Mn and Ti,
- starting material such as primary aluminum and / or
- the starting material is first melted into a preliminary molten aluminum melt in a smelting furnace and then - typically by precalculation - fused with suitable additives, in particular alloying metal, master alloys, scrap and / or suitable additives to achieve the desired alloy composition. It has been found that, while simultaneously leaving several of the
- Dispersoidsentner Cr, Mn and Ti coarse particles in particular Al (Mn, Fe, Cr) Si particles, which may also contain Mg, Ti and V can form, corresponding to coarse particles with a size of more than 20 pm or even more than 30 pm in the aluminum flat product, so that superplastic forming of the aluminum flat product can lead to defects and / or increased pore formation, which impair the mechanical properties of the aluminum product produced from the aluminum flat product.
- the formation of these coarse particles can be prevented.
- the separate charging of two alloying elements is understood to mean that the additives to be added to set the desired content of one of the two alloying elements and that for setting the desired content of the other of the two
- titanium boride rods and Mn-containing master alloy pieces may be added to molten aluminum, titanium boride rods and the master alloy pieces are preferably separated from each other with the preliminary molten aluminum
- the homogeneity of the preliminary Aluminum melt in the smelting furnace is sufficient if the chemical analysis of the melt matches the cladding for the first of the alloying elements Cr, Mn and Ti.
- the sampling for determining the homogeneity is preferably carried out in three different areas of the melting furnace. In the above example, according to the addition of titanium boride and before the addition of the pieces of the master alloy, it is preferable to homogenize the preliminary Aluminum melt after addition of the additives for the first of the alloying elements Cr, Mn and Ti mixed in the furnace until a molten aluminum with homogeneous composition was achieved.
- the homogeneity of the preliminary Aluminum melt in the smelting furnace is sufficient if the chemical analysis of the melt matches the cladding for the first of the alloying elements Cr, Mn and Ti.
- the sampling for determining the homogeneity is preferably carried out in three different areas of the melting furnace. In the above example, according to the addition of titanium boride and before the addition of the pieces of the master alloy, it is
- Alloying elements Cr and Mn (that is, the other alloying element) are charged separately, the content of the second of the alloying elements Cr and Mn during charging of the first of the alloying elements Cr and Mn in the preliminary molten aluminum is preferably max. 0.05% by weight. For example, if Mn and then Cr are charged first, the Cr content in the
- Aluminum melt during the charging of Mn preferably max. 0.05% by weight. This has proven to be advantageous to counteract the formation of coarse particles.
- the temperature of the preliminary molten aluminum when charging Cr is preferably more than 740 ° C, especially at least 750 ° C. In this way, Cr can be distributed very evenly in the molten aluminum.
- Mg is preferably charged only after Cr, Mn and / or Ti, preferably as the last element. Furthermore, the temperature is the provisional
- Aluminum melt when charging Mg preferably less than 740 ° C, in particular max. 730 ° C.
- the desired Mg content can be better adjusted, since the Mg content can be reduced at higher temperatures or prematurely added by burning.
- a scrap content of less than 5 wt .-%, preferably less than 1 wt .-%, in particular less than 0.1 wt .-% is used to provide the aluminum melt. It was found that even small amounts of certain accompanying elements and impurities from the
- Scrap share may lead to large particles form in the aluminum melt and in the aluminum flat product produced therefrom, which contribute as a nucleating agent for pore formation and thus damage during superplastic forming. Therefore, the scrap content in the production of the aluminum melt is preferably kept as low as possible or preferably even completely dispensed with the addition of scrap. Accordingly, the aluminum melt is preferably provided in particular by substantially
- Primary aluminum is melted down, optionally with additives to obtain the desired composition.
- the degree of rolling in cold rolling is generally in the range of 70% to 80%.
- Dislocation density introduced into the material As a result, the material of the aluminum flat product spontaneously recrystallizes when heated for the superplastic forming with a very fine microstructure, which is responsible for the
- the cold rolling is carried out in particular without intermediate annealing. If an intermediate annealing is still performed, the above rolling degree in cold rolling refers to the total rolling degree after the last one
- the final thickness of the cold strip is preferably in the range of 1 - 3 mm.
- the Hot strip thickness preferably in the range of 3 to 15 mm, in particular in the range of 4 to 12 mm.
- the degree of rolling in the last cold-rolling pass is preferably less than 33%.
- states H18 and H19 can be produced without causing adverse effects on superplastic forming.
- surface defects, in particular chatter marks are avoided by limiting the Abwalzgrades in the last stitch.
- the straightening of the cold strip by straightening rolls with a diameter of more than 60 mm it has been found that by using larger straightening rolls undesirable surface defects after superplastic forming can be avoided.
- the cold strip is cut to sheet after straightening without intermediate rolling.
- the flatness of the strip achieved by straightening is not deteriorated again, so that a second straightening process can be dispensed with.
- This is particularly advantageous if the cold strip has been straightened with leveling rolls with a diameter of more than 60 mm and thus reducing or even avoiding surface defects. The possible introduction of surface defects in a second, possibly
- the strip temperature is between cold rolling and cutting into sheets in the range below 200 ° C, preferably below 50 ° C, especially at
- the aluminum flat product after a heat treatment at 500 ° C. for 30 minutes, has a yield strength R p o, 2 of at least 160 MPa, in particular at least 170 MPa, and a tensile strength R m of at least 310 MPa, in particular at least 320 MPa , R p o, 2 and R m are each to be determined in the tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 6892-1: 2017. Additionally or alternatively, the aluminum flat product preferably has one
- the aluminum flat product after a heat treatment of 5 minutes at 500 ° C has a mean grain diameter of at most 15 pm. Average grain diameters are to be determined according to ASTM E112. It has been found that an aluminum flat product h can be produced by the method described above after a short heat treatment by setting a typical forming temperature for the superplastic forming has a correspondingly fine structure. This is especially at the preferred Mg content of at least 5.2 wt .-%, the preferred Cr content between 0.12 and 0.18 wt .-%, the preferred Si content of not more than 0.10 wt. %, the preferred Fe content of at most 0.05% by weight, by the separate charging of Mn, Cr and / or Ti and by the preferred H19 state of the aluminum flat product.
- the superplastic forming is carried out with a strain rate of more than 10 3 s 4 , in particular of at least 10 2 s 4 .
- superplastic forming takes place at strain rates in the range of IO 4 to 10 -3 s 4 . It has been found that the aluminum flat products produced by the described process have significantly higher strain rates
- the aluminum flat product at a strain rate of more than IO 3 s 4 , in particular of at least IO 2 s 4 , for example at least to 5xl0 2 s 4 , an elongation rate sensitivity m, determined by means of the incremental
- Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the use of the with
- Process of FIG. 1 produced aluminum flat product
- FIG. 4 Heat treatment (FIG. 4), after 1 minute (FIG. 5) and after 60 minutes of heat treatment at 500 ° C. (FIG. 6),
- Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the method for producing a
- Aluminum melt 10 preferably largely dispensed with.
- the preliminary aluminum melt 10 is homogenized in the melting furnace 8, which is illustrated in FIG. 1 by the schematically illustrated agitator 14.
- the homogenized preliminary aluminum melt 10 in the aluminum smelting furnace 8 has the following composition:
- unavoidable impurities individually up to a maximum of 0.05 wt .-%, in total not more than 0.15 wt .-%, balance aluminum.
- the low Na content can be achieved, for example, by a chlorine treatment of the melt.
- the chromium-containing material 18 is added to the preliminary aluminum melt 10 and the resulting (still provisional)
- Aluminum melt 22 is again homogenized in the fourth step 20 (as illustrated by agitator 14).
- the homogenized aluminum melt 22 has the following composition:
- unavoidable impurities individually up to a maximum of 0.05 wt .-%, in total not more than 0.15 wt .-%, balance aluminum.
- Alloy elements (especially Si and Fe) in the first step 2 set can be carried out simultaneously or else separately from one another.
- the molten aluminum-containing material 22 is added with magnesium-containing material 24, and the resulting aluminum melt 25 is in turn homogenized in the sixth step 26 (as illustrated by the agitator 14).
- the homogenized aluminum melt 25 has the following
- unavoidable impurities individually up to a maximum of 0.05 wt .-%, in total not more than 0.15 wt .-%, balance aluminum.
- Mg is charged only after Mn / Ti and Cr, preferably as the last alloying element of the molten aluminum to prevent the burnup of Mg.
- the temperature of the molten aluminum during charging of Mg is also preferably less than 740 ° C, in particular ax. 730 ° C.
- the temperature of the molten aluminum is preferably more than 740 ° C, especially at least 750 ° C, in order to uniformly disperse Cr in the molten aluminum.
- the aluminum melt 25 is poured in the following step 27 by DC continuous casting to a billet 28.
- Molded mold 30 is poured and solidified by spraying with water 31, so that the bar 28 results.
- the ingot 28 is subjected to ingot homogenization and / or ingot preheating in a homogenizing furnace 34 and hot rolled in the following step 36 in an example reversing hot rolling stand 38 to the hot strip 40, preferably at a temperature in the range of 280 ° C. to 550 ° C. in particular, a hot strip temperature of 280 ° C to 350 ° C is set. Due to the low Na content of the aluminum alloy of the ingot 28, edge cracks during hot rolling do not occur despite the high Mg content.
- the hot strip 40 is cold rolled in multiple passes without intermediate annealing on one or more cold rolling stands 44, so that finally a cold strip 46 results in a final thickness in the range of 1 to 3 mm.
- Theylonabwalzgrad is at least 70% in cold rolling, the
- Abwalzgrad in the last pass is less than 33%.
- the cold strip 46 is guided by a straightening system 50 with a plurality of straightening rollers 52 arranged offset to one another and thereby directed.
- the straightening rollers 52 each have a diameter of> 60 mm, so that the formation of surface defects during straightening is avoided.
- the cold-rolled strip 46 is cut directly into sheets 56 by means of a cutting device 54, without an intermediate rolling up into a coil. This in turn is a one-sided compression or stretching of the
- the aluminum sheets 56 produced by the method described in FIG. 1 are particularly suitable for further use in a process with
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment for using an aluminum sheet 56 produced by the method from FIG. 1 for producing a component 66 by means of superplastic forming.
- a first step 68 the aluminum sheet 56 is heated to a temperature in the range of 450 ° C to 520 ° C.
- the heating may e.g. as exemplified in Fig. 2 in a chamber or a continuous furnace 70. Additionally or alternatively, the heating of the aluminum sheet 56 can also take place directly in a forming tool 78 for forming the aluminum sheet 56. In this case, in particular, a separate oven 70 can be dispensed with.
- Aluminum sheet 56 for example in the furnace 70 or in the tool 78 to a spontaneous recrystallization of the aluminum sheet 56 to form a very fine microstructure, the has an advantageous effect on the subsequent superplastic forming.
- the heating in the tool or in the continuous furnace favored the superplastic forming, since the transfer and residence times, in which the material is exposed to high (reforming) temperatures, are minimized and thus the grain growth is further minimized before the actual forming ,
- a second step 72 the aluminum sheet 56 is arranged between a first die half 74 and a second die half 76 of the forming tool 78 for superplastic forming, if this has not already been done for heating the aluminum sheet 56 in the forming tool 78.
- the first die half 74 has in FIG. 2 by way of example a concavity 80 and the second die half 76 has a bulge 82 corresponding thereto.
- the two die halves 74, 76 may also have more complex contours for producing a more complex shaped component.
- the two die halves 74, 76 are moved together, wherein the aluminum sheet 56 is superplastically formed.
- the degree of deformation of the aluminum sheet 56 locally is partially 100% or more. Because of the good properties of the aluminum sheet 56, in particular the fine and uniform microstructure for the superplastic forming, it does not come to the necking or tearing of the aluminum sheet 56 despite the high degree of deformation.
- Forming tool 78 therefore a damage-free finished component 66 are removed in the last step 86.
- the component 66 produced in this way also has a high surface quality without conspicuous surface defects.
- the properties of the aluminum sheet 56 make it possible to carry out the superplastic forming very quickly.
- the production time of the component 66 can be shortened and the clock rate of the forming operations can be increased.
- FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment for the use of an aluminum sheet 56 'produced according to the method of FIG. 1 by means of superplastic forming.
- an aluminum sheet 56 ' e.g. as exemplified in Fig. 3 in a chamber, a continuous or a furnace of a different type to a temperature in the range of 450 ° C and 520 ° C heated, so that forms a fine grain distribution. Additionally or alternatively, the heating can also take place directly in a forming tool 98.
- the superplastic forming since the transfer and residence times, in which the material is exposed to high (forming) temperatures, is minimized and thereby further grain growth is minimized before the actual forming.
- the aluminum sheet 56 ' is positioned in step 92 between a first tool half 94 and a second tool half 96 of the forming tool 98 for blow molding, if the aluminum sheet 56' for heating in the forming tool 98 has not been previously arranged there.
- the first tool half 94 has an indentation 100 corresponding to the target shape of the component to be produced. The illustrated form of the first
- Tool half 94 is merely exemplary and may be considerably more complex in practice.
- a channel 102 is provided for injecting a gas.
- the first and second tool halves 94, 96 are moved together and a gas 106 is pressurized to, for example, 2 bar is blown through the channel 102 in the region of the concavity 100 against the aluminum sheet 56 ', so that the aluminum sheet 56' is superplastic deformed until it rests against the contour of the concavity 100.
- the degree of deformation of the aluminum sheet 56 ' is locally partially 100% or more.
- Aluminum sheet 56 ' in particular the fine and uniform microstructure, does not cause the aluminum sheet 56' to become constricted or torn, despite the high degree of deformation. After the moving apart of the two tool halves 94, 96 can therefore the forming tool 98 in the last step 108 a
- the damage-free finished component 110 are removed.
- the component 110 produced in this way also has a high surface quality without conspicuous surface defects.
- the properties of the aluminum sheet 56 ' make it possible to carry out the superplastic forming very quickly.
- the gas 106 can be introduced through the channel 102 at such a pressure that the aluminum sheet 56' can be produced within a few minutes, preferably at max. 5 minutes, to the contour of the concavity 100 forms.
- the manufacturing time of the component 110 can be shortened and the cycle rate of the forming operations can be increased.
- desired Cr content was added only after adjustment of the desired Mn content and subsequent homogenization of the aluminum melt by stirring.
- the Cr content in the preliminary molten aluminum was set during the adjustment of the desired Mn content and during the
- Ingots were cast from the two aluminum melts A and B produced in different ways, and strips were produced by hot and cold rolling.
- the ribbons showed coarse particles both at the surface and in the inside, their composition by WDX analysis
- Table 2 below shows the results of the WDX analysis on six different coarse particles (Nos. 1-6) of a strip of molten aluminum A, of which Particle Nos. 1-4 are on the surface and the particles 5 and 6 were arranged inside the band:
- Table 2 The numbers given in Table 2 are in each case pulse numbers of the WDX analysis for the respective elements. The numbers are approximately proportional to the content of the elements in each particle.
- a cut was prepared from one piece of the strip produced from the aluminum melt A.
- Fig. 4 shows a picture of this polished and barked cut. The micrograph clearly shows a coarse Cr-containing phase. The phase has a size of 46 pm c 210 pm.
- Aluminum melt A had significant proportions of high-melting and poorly soluble Cr-containing phases, sometimes with certain proportions of Ti and Mg.
- Such phases dissolve - once formed - difficult to rebuild and form coarse, brittle particles in the band, which adversely affect the superplastic properties of the tape or a sheet produced therefrom.
- the strips of molten aluminum B showed virtually no coarse particles or phases, i. that only very fine but practically no coarse Al (Mn, Fe, Cr) Si phases have formed due to the separate charging of Mn and Cr in the melt.
- the tested alloy with the composition of Table 1 has a lower Mg content than is provided according to the present teaching.
- Charging Ti has also been found to be beneficial in preventing the formation of coarse phases.
- an aluminum melt C was prepared with the composition listed in Table 3 below, (as in the previously described aluminum melt B) Mn and Cr were charged separately with intermediate homogenization of the melt.
- the molten aluminum C was cast into a billet in DC continuous casting.
- the billet was preheated, and by subsequent hot and cold rolling without intermediate annealing, a cold strip having a thickness of 1.5 mm was produced with a total reduction in cold rolling of 75%.
- the cold strip was then directed by straightening rolls with a diameter of more than 60 mm and cut into sheets.
- FIG. 5 shows an image of a polished and barked cut of one of the sheets in the hard-hard condition H19, i. before the heat treatment. The grains elongated by rolling are clearly visible.
- Fig. 6 shows an image of a polished and barked cut of a sheet heat-treated at 450 ° C for 1 minute.
- the fine-grained microstructure with grain sizes between 5 and 15 pm and an average grain diameter of 7 pm can be clearly seen. This shows that this is important for superplastic forming
- Fig. 7 shows a picture of a polished and barked cut of a sheet heat treated at 450 ° C for 60 minutes.
- the microstructure is as fine-grained as in Fig. 6 with a mean grain diameter of also 7 pm. This shows the stability of the fine microstructure over time at the superplastic forming temperature. This stability is achieved in the investigated sheets, in particular by the contents of Mn and Cr and their fine distribution in the aluminum matrix, in particular by the separate charging of Mn, Ti and Cr, which is the growth of the
- the metallographic investigations show that the sheets have no coarse particles which would lead to pore formation during superplastic forming. This is achieved in particular by the low contents of Fe and Si and by the separate charging of Cr.
- the micrographs in FIGS. 6 and 7 show that the metal sheets form a fine-grained microstructure at the forming temperature, which has a very stable mean grain diameter even at the high forming temperatures.
- Plotted lines connect the m-values of the four forming experiments, which were each determined for the same strain rate.
- the sheets are not only suitable for superplastic forming at conventional strain rates, but also for high-speed superplastic forming with very high strain rates, can be significantly reduced by the forming times and thus higher production rates can be achieved.
- Aluminum melt C produced sheets at a forming temperature of 515 ° C with an ISO 20032: 2007 compliant testing device in the uniaxial tensile test superplastic reshaped, the sample geometry was based on the aforementioned standard (ISO 20032: 2007 sample S-type). The strain rate was 2.5 c 10 4 s _1 and the total strain s at the end of the forming 100%.
- the porosity is determined by means of metallographic grinding and grinding
- the tensile tests were carried out in each case after a heating of the sheets in order to achieve the desired microstructure for the superplastic deformation.
- the sheets were not superplastically deformed before the tensile tests.
- the results of the tensile tests are shown in the diagrams in FIGS. 9 and 10, in which the superplastic forming temperature T in ° C on the abscissa axis and the yield strength R p o, 2 or the tensile strength R m on the ordinate axis, in each case in MPa, are applied.
- the sheets had a yield strength R p0 , 2 of more than 160 MPa over the entire deformation temperature range investigated and even a yield strength Rpo, 2 of more than 170 MPa at a deformation temperature of 500 ° C.
- the tensile strength of the sheets was well above 310 MPa, even above 320 MPa, over the entire deformation temperature range investigated.
- Superplastic forming results in particular from the advantageous Mn- Content of at least 0.7 wt .-%, the advantageous Mg content of at least 5.2 wt .-% and from the separate charging of Cr and Mn.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18151840.8A EP3511433A1 (de) | 2018-01-16 | 2018-01-16 | Aluminiumlegierung, verfahren zur herstellung eines aluminiumflachprodukts, aluminiumflachprodukt und verwendung desselben |
| PCT/EP2019/050899 WO2019141666A1 (de) | 2018-01-16 | 2019-01-15 | Aluminiumlegierung, verfahren zur herstellung eines aluminiumflachprodukts, aluminiumflachprodukt und verwendung desselben |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3740598A1 true EP3740598A1 (de) | 2020-11-25 |
| EP3740598C0 EP3740598C0 (de) | 2023-06-28 |
| EP3740598B1 EP3740598B1 (de) | 2023-06-28 |
Family
ID=60997356
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18151840.8A Pending EP3511433A1 (de) | 2018-01-16 | 2018-01-16 | Aluminiumlegierung, verfahren zur herstellung eines aluminiumflachprodukts, aluminiumflachprodukt und verwendung desselben |
| EP19701587.8A Active EP3740598B1 (de) | 2018-01-16 | 2019-01-15 | Aluminiumlegierung, verfahren zur herstellung eines aluminiumflachprodukts, aluminiumflachprodukt und verwendung desselben |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18151840.8A Pending EP3511433A1 (de) | 2018-01-16 | 2018-01-16 | Aluminiumlegierung, verfahren zur herstellung eines aluminiumflachprodukts, aluminiumflachprodukt und verwendung desselben |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200325560A1 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP3511433A1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA3088915C (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2019141666A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112359253A (zh) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-12 | 云南云铝润鑫铝业有限公司 | 一种船舶用5383铝合金圆铸锭的生产方法 |
| CN117448708A (zh) * | 2023-11-03 | 2024-01-26 | 重庆市灿煜金属制品有限公司 | 一种用于电子产品内置结构件的高强度铝合金 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59159961A (ja) * | 1983-02-28 | 1984-09-10 | Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd | 超塑性Al合金 |
| JP2640993B2 (ja) * | 1990-06-11 | 1997-08-13 | スカイアルミニウム株式会社 | 超塑性成形用アルミニウム合金圧延板 |
| JP2860074B2 (ja) * | 1995-11-09 | 1999-02-24 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | ミグ溶接用アルミニウム合金ワイヤ |
| JP3321113B2 (ja) * | 1999-05-06 | 2002-09-03 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金用ミグ溶接ワイヤ |
| JP4719456B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-03 | 2011-07-06 | 古河スカイ株式会社 | 高温ブロー成形用アルミニウム合金板 |
-
2018
- 2018-01-16 EP EP18151840.8A patent/EP3511433A1/de active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-01-15 CA CA3088915A patent/CA3088915C/en active Active
- 2019-01-15 WO PCT/EP2019/050899 patent/WO2019141666A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-01-15 EP EP19701587.8A patent/EP3740598B1/de active Active
-
2020
- 2020-06-25 US US16/911,628 patent/US20200325560A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3088915A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
| EP3740598C0 (de) | 2023-06-28 |
| EP3740598B1 (de) | 2023-06-28 |
| EP3511433A1 (de) | 2019-07-17 |
| CA3088915C (en) | 2021-08-03 |
| US20200325560A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
| WO2019141666A1 (de) | 2019-07-25 |
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