EP3749471A1 - Procede de fabrication d'une piece en alliage d'aluminium et de chrome - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'une piece en alliage d'aluminium et de chromeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3749471A1 EP3749471A1 EP19710039.9A EP19710039A EP3749471A1 EP 3749471 A1 EP3749471 A1 EP 3749471A1 EP 19710039 A EP19710039 A EP 19710039A EP 3749471 A1 EP3749471 A1 EP 3749471A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mass fraction
- layer
- metal
- aluminum alloy
- filler metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/05—Light metals
- B22F2301/052—Aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- TITLE PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING ALUMINUM AND CHROME ALLOY PIECE
- the technical field of the invention is a method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy part, using an additive manufacturing technique.
- additive manufacturing techniques have developed. These techniques involve forming a part by adding material, and are the opposite of machining techniques, aimed at removing material.
- machining techniques aimed at removing material.
- additive manufacturing is now operational to manufacture industrial products in series, including metal parts.
- additive manufacturing is defined according to the French standard XP E67-001: "set of processes making it possible to manufacture, layer by layer, by adding material, a physical object from a digital object”.
- ASTM F2792 January 2012 also defines additive manufacturing. Different additive manufacturing modalities are also defined and described in ISO / ASTM 17296-1.
- the application of successive layers is generally carried out by applying a so-called filler material, then melting or sintering the filler material using a laser beam type energy source, electron beam, plasma torch or electric arc. Whatever the additive manufacturing method applied, the thickness of each added layer is of the order of a few tens or hundreds of microns.
- An additive manufacturing means is the melting or sintering of a filler material in the form of a powder. It can be fusion or sintering by a beam of energy.
- Selective laser sintering techniques are particularly known, in which a layer of metal or metal alloy powder is applied to the part to be manufactured and is selectively sintered according to the numerical model with thermal energy from a laser beam.
- Another type of metal forming process involves selective laser melting (SLM) or electron beam melting (EBM), in which thermal energy provided by a laser or a directed electron beam is used to selectively melt (instead of sinter) the metal powder to melt as it cools and solidifies.
- SLM selective laser melting
- EBM electron beam melting
- Laser melting deposition is also known in which the powder is projected and melted by a laser beam simultaneously.
- Patent Application WO2016 / 209652 discloses a method for manufacturing a high strength aluminum comprising: preparing an atomized aluminum powder having one or more desired approximate powder sizes and approximate morphology; sintering the powder to form a product by additive manufacturing; dissolution in solution; quenching; and the income from aluminum made additively.
- the patent application US20170016096 describes a method for manufacturing a room by localized melting, in particular obtained by exposing a powder to an energy beam of the electron beam or laser beam type, the powder consisting of a aluminum alloy whose copper content is between 5% and 6% by weight, the magnesium content being between 2.5% and 3.5% by weight.
- Patent Application EP2796229 discloses a method of manufacturing a dispersion strengthened aluminum alloy metal comprising the steps of: obtaining, in powder form, an aluminum alloy composition which is capable of acquiring a microstructure enhanced by dispersion; directing a low energy laser beam onto a portion of the powder having the composition of the alloy; removing the laser beam from the portion of the powdered alloy composition; and cooling the portion of the powdered alloy composition at a rate greater than or equal to about 10 6 ° C per second, thereby forming the dispersion strengthened aluminum alloy metal.
- the method is particularly suitable for an alloy having a composition according to the following formula: AI C ompFe a SibXc, wherein X represents at least one member selected from the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Mo, W, Nb and Ta; "A” ranges from 2.0 to 7.5 atomic percent; “B” ranges from 0.5 to 3.0 atomic%; “C” ranges from 0.05 to 3.5 atomic%; and the balance is aluminum and accidental impurities, provided that the [Fe + Si] / Si ratio is in the range of about 2.0: 1 to 5.0: 1.
- the patent application US2016 / 0138400 discloses alloys comprising from 3 to 12% by weight of iron, from 0.1 to 3% by weight of vanadium, from 0.1 to 3% by weight of silicon and from 1.0 to 6% by weight of copper, remaining aluminum and impurities, suitable for additive manufacturing techniques.
- US patent application 2018/010216 discloses aluminum and magnesium alloys containing zirconium, manufactured by fast solidification processes and additive manufacturing parts.
- the mechanical properties of the aluminum parts obtained by additive manufacturing depend on the alloy forming the filler metal, and more precisely on its composition, the parameters of the additive manufacturing process as well as the heat treatments applied.
- the inventors have determined an alloy composition which, used in an additive manufacturing process, makes it possible to obtain parts with remarkable mechanical performances, while obtaining a process whose productivity is advantageous.
- a first object of the invention is a method for manufacturing a part comprising a formation of successive solid metal layers superimposed on each other, each layer describing a pattern defined from a numerical model, each layer being formed by the deposition of a metal, said filler metal, the filler metal being subjected to a supply of energy so as to melt and form, by solidifying, said layer, in which the filler metal takes the form of a powder, whose exposure to an energy beam results in a melting followed by solidification so as to form a solid layer, the process being characterized in that the filler metal is an alloy of aluminum comprising the following alloying elements:
- the mass fraction of chromium is at least 3% and preferably at least 4%.
- a preferred mass fraction of preferred chromium is 8% or even 6%.
- a mass fraction of Preferred minimum zirconium is 0.75% and preferably 1%.
- a preferred maximum mass fraction of zirconium is 3%.
- the alloy may also optionally comprise at least one or even at least two elements or even at least three elements chosen from:
- Ti according to a mass fraction of between 0.01% and 5%, preferably of at least 0.1%, preferably of at most 3%, preferably of at most 2%, and preferably of not more than 1%;
- V according to a mass fraction of between 0.06% and 6%, preferably of at most 3%, preferably of at most 2% and preferably of at most 1%.
- These elements can lead to the formation of dispersoids or fine intermetallic phases to increase the hardness of the material obtained. These elements can also have a beneficial effect on the thermal stability of the alloy by increasing the temperature and or the time required to reach the hardness peak.
- the alloy may also comprise at least one or even at least two elements or even at least three elements chosen from:
- Li in a mass fraction of between 0.06 and 1%
- the elements Ag, Cu, Zn and Li can act on the resistance of the material by hardening precipitation or by their effect on the properties of the solid solution.
- At least one element selected from Sc, Hf, W, Nb, Ta, Y, Yb, Nd, Er, Co, Ni with a mass fraction of at least 0.06% and at most 5%. preferably at most 3%, preferably at most 2% and preferably at most 1%, so as to form more dispersoids or fine intermetallic phases.
- the addition of Sc is avoided, the preferred mass fraction being less than 0.05% and preferably less than 0.01%.
- At least one element chosen from La, Ce or mischmetal with a mass fraction of at least 0.06% and at most 6%, preferably at most 3%, preferably at most 2% and preferably at most 1%.
- at least one element selected from W, Mo, In, Bi, Sr, Sn, Ba, Ca, Sb, P and B can be added, with a mass fraction of at least 0.01% and at most 1 % and preferably at least 0.06% and at most 0.8%.
- the addition of Bi is avoided, the preferred mass fraction being less than 0.05% and preferably less than 0.01%.
- the alloy may also comprise Mg with a mass fraction of at least 0.06% and at most 0.5%.
- Mg is not recommended and the Mg content is preferably kept below an impurity value of 0.05% by mass.
- the alloy Fe and / or Si it is possible to voluntarily add to the alloy Fe and / or Si in a mass fraction of at least 0.06% and at most 1% each, and preferably at least 0.1% and at most 2% each, and preferably at least 0.5% and at most 1% each which can provide additional curing by the formation of dispersoids.
- the content of Fe and / or Si may also be related in some cases to the cost of the alloy, it may indeed be favorable not to use a too pure starting metal.
- the content of Fe and / or Si is kept less than or equal to a level of 0.5% and preferably 0.2%, which makes it possible to use a less pure alloy without the risk of increasing the mechanical characteristics in the raw state of manufacture that would lead to problems of distortion and / or cracking of the part.
- the material comprises a mass fraction of other elements or impurities of less than 0.05%, ie 500 ppm.
- the cumulative mass fraction of the other elements or impurities is less than 0.15%.
- An element that is not selected as an additive element has a mass fraction of less than 0.05%, or less depending on the preferred content of this addition.
- the aluminum alloy consists of, in mass fraction, at least 2% and at most 10% and preferably at least 3% and at most 9% of Cr, at least 0.5% and at most 6% and preferably at least 0.75% and at most 3% Zr, at least 0.06% and at most 6% and preferably at least 0.5% and at most 4%.
- the powder can be obtained by conventional atomization methods from an alloy according to the invention in liquid or solid form or, alternatively, the powder can be obtained by mixing primary powders before exposure to the energy beam, the different compositions of the primary powders having an average composition corresponding to the composition of the alloy according to the invention.
- infusible particles that are preferentially nanometric, for example oxides or particles T1B2 or carbon nanoparticles, before the preparation of the powder by atomization and / or during the deposition of the powder and / or during the mixing of the primary powders .
- no infusible particles are added.
- the method comprises, following the formation of the layers:
- a heat treatment typically at a temperature of at least 100 ° C. and at most 550 ° C. and preferably greater than 300 ° C. or preferably greater than 350 ° C.
- the heat treatment may in particular allow stress relieving residuals and / or additional precipitation of hardening phases.
- CIC treatment improves elongation properties and fatigue properties.
- Hot isostatic compression can be performed before, after or instead of heat treatment.
- the hot isostatic pressing is carried out at a temperature of between 250 ° C. and 550 ° C. and preferably between 300 ° C. and 500 ° C., or preferentially greater than 350 ° C., at a pressure of between 500 and 3000 bars. and for a period of between 0.5 and 10 hours.
- Heat treatment and / or hot isostatic compression makes it possible in particular to increase the hardness of the product obtained.
- the method according to the present invention further optionally comprises a machining treatment, and / or a chemical, electrochemical or mechanical surface treatment, and / or a tribofinishing. These treatments can be performed in particular to reduce the roughness and / or improve the corrosion resistance and / or improve the resistance to initiation of fatigue cracks.
- a second object of the invention is a metal part, obtained after application of a method according to the first subject of the invention.
- Yet another object of the invention is a method of manufacturing a part comprising a formation of successive solid metal layers, superimposed on each other, to form a blank, each layer describing a pattern defined from a model numerical, each layer being formed by the deposition of a metal, said filler metal, the filler metal being subjected to a supply of energy so as to melt and to constitute, by solidifying, said layer, wherein the filler metal is in the form of a powder, the exposure of which to an energy beam results in a melting followed by solidification so as to form a solid layer, the filler metal being an alloy of aluminum having a Mg content of less than 0.5% by weight, the process being characterized in that the blank preferably has a Knoop hardness of between 100 HK and 200 HK and in that the blank is then heat-treated and / or isostatically hot-pressed at a temperature above 350 ° C so as to increase its Knoop hardness by at least 20 HK.
- the alloy preferably has a composition according to the first subject
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an additive manufacturing process of selective laser melting (SLM) type, or EBM
- the contents of chemical elements are indicated in% and represent mass fractions; the hardnesses are evaluated by the Knoop method for a load of 0.01 kg (10 g), it is indicated indifferently Knoop hardness 0.01 or Knoop hardness.
- Figure 1 generally describes an embodiment, wherein the additive manufacturing method according to the invention is implemented.
- the filler material is in the form of an alloy powder according to the invention.
- a source of energy for example a laser source or an electron source 31, emits a beam of energy, for example a laser beam or an electron beam 32.
- the energy source is coupled to the input material by an optical system or electromagnetic lenses 33, the movement of the beam can thus be determined according to a numerical model M.
- the energy beam 32 follows a movement along the longitudinal plane XY, describing a pattern dependent on the numerical model.
- the powder 25 is deposited on a support 10. The interaction of the energy beam 32 with the powder 25 causes a selective melting of the latter, followed by solidification, resulting in the formation of a layer 20i. n .
- This additive manufacturing method is typically known as selective laser melting (SLM) when the energy beam is a laser beam, the process being advantageously carried out at atmospheric pressure, and under the name of fusion by electron beam (electron beam melting EBM) when the energy beam is an electron beam, the process being advantageously carried out under reduced pressure, typically less than 0.01 bar and preferably less than 0.1 mbar.
- SLM selective laser melting
- EBM electron beam melting
- a heated platen is used to improve processability and avoid cracking.
- the heating of the tray may be preferably carried out at a temperature of 50 to 300 ° C, more preferably 100 to 250 ° C.
- the layer is obtained by selective laser sintering (selective laser sintering, SLS or direct metal laser sintering, DMLS), the layer of alloy powder according to the invention being sintered selectively according to the numerical model with thermal energy provided by a laser beam.
- selective laser sintering selective laser sintering, SLS or direct metal laser sintering, DMLS
- the powder is projected and melted by a generally laser beam simultaneously.
- This process is known as laser melting deposition.
- the method according to the invention is used for producing a hybrid part comprising a part obtained by conventional rolling and / or spinning and / or molding and / or forging processes, optionally followed by machining and an integral part obtained by additive manufacturing.
- This embodiment may also be suitable for the repair of parts obtained by conventional methods.
- a raw part or piece is obtained in the raw state of manufacture.
- the metal parts obtained by the process according to the invention are particularly advantageous because they have smooth surfaces, do not exhibit hot cracking, have a hardness which is not too high in the raw state of manufacture but which can increase importantly by a heat treatment.
- the hardness in the raw state of manufacture is less than the hardness after heat treatment and / or hot isostatic pressing, the Knoop hardness difference being at least 10 HK, preferably at least 20 HK, preferably at least 30 HK and preferably at least 40 HK.
- the Knoop hardness in the raw state of manufacture is preferably less than 300 HK and advantageously less than 200 HK, and preferably less than 150 HK.
- the Knoop hardness in the raw state of manufacture is at least 50 HK, advantageously at least 80 HK, and preferably at least 90 HK.
- the knoop hardness in the raw state of manufacture is between 100 HK and 200 HK.
- the metal parts according to the invention are characterized, after a heat treatment of at least 100 ° C. and at most 550 ° C. and / or hot isostatic pressing, by a Knoop hardness of 0.01 mm. at least 100 HK and preferably at least 120 HK or even at least 140 HK and preferably at least 150 HK and no hot cracking.
- the present inventor has found that a method of manufacturing a part comprising a formation of successive solid metal layers superimposed on each other, to form a blank, each layer describing a pattern defined from a numerical model, each layer being formed by the deposition of a metal, said filler metal, the filler metal being subjected to a supply of energy so as to melt and form, by solidifying, said layer, in which the filler metal takes the form of a powder, whose exposure to an energy beam results in a melting followed by solidification so as to form a solid layer, the filler metal being an aluminum alloy such as as described above having a Mg content of less than 0.5% by weight, the process being characterized in that the blank preferably has a Knoop hardness of between 100 HK and 200 HK and in that it is then Thermally and / or undergoes isostatic hot pressing at a temperature above 350 ° C so as to increase its Knoop hardness by at least 20 HK is particularly advantageous.
- Disks alloy 8009 or AS7G06 or alloy according to the invention thickness 5 mm and diameter 27 mm, were prepared from small ingots.
- the discs were placed in a laser selective melting machine (SLM) and laser scans were performed with the same scanning strategy and process conditions representative of those used for the selective melting process. laser (SLM).
- SLM laser selective melting machine
- the present inventor has indeed found that it is possible in this way to evaluate the suitability of the alloys for the selective laser melting process (SLM) and in particular the surface quality and sensitivity to hot cracking.
- composition of the alloys used is given in Table 1 below.
- the laser source had a power of 200 W
- the width of a laser passage was 100 ⁇ m
- the manufacturing temperature was 200 ° C.
- the scanning speed was 900 mm / s.
- a Phenix Systems PM100 laser selective fusion machine (SLM) was used.
- the surface quality was evaluated qualitatively according to the following scale, the rating 1 being the most favorable.
- the sensitivity to hot cracks was evaluated on cross sections of the treated areas according to the following scale, the rating 1 being the most favorable.
- the hardness was measured according to the Knoop scale with a load of 10 g after laser treatment and after an additional heat treatment at 400 ° C., making it possible in particular to evaluate the alloy's ability to harden during a heat treatment. the effect of a possible HIP treatment on the mechanical properties.
- the alloy according to the invention is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to obtain a smooth surface without heat cracking and with a high hardness after treatment at 400 ° C.
- Example 2 An alloy according to the present invention having the composition as shown in Table 3 below, in percentages by weight was prepared.
- the powder has been successfully used in a FormUp 350 laser selective melting machine for the production of draft tensile specimens.
- the tests were carried out with the following parameters: layer thickness: 60pm, laser power: 370W-390W, plateau heating: 200 ° C, vector deviation: 0.11-0.13, laser speed: 1000-1400 mm / s.
- the blanks were cylindrical with a height of 45 mm and a diameter of 11 mm for tensile tests in the manufacturing direction (Z direction), and parallelepipedic blocks 12 X 45 X 45 mm 3 for tests in the XY direction ( perpendicular to the direction of manufacture).
- SLM selective laser melting
- the blanks underwent a relaxing heat treatment of 2 hours at 300 ° C. Some blanks were tested in the raw state of relaxation and other blanks underwent an additional treatment of lh or 4h at 400 ° C (hardening annealing).
- the heat treatment leads to a significant increase in mechanical strength compared to the raw state, associated with a decrease in elongation.
- the alloy according to the present invention thus makes it possible to dispense with a conventional thermal treatment of the solution / quenching type.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19710039.9T DE19710039T1 (de) | 2018-02-08 | 2019-02-07 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Teils aus Aluminium -Chrom-Legierung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1870138A FR3077524B1 (fr) | 2018-02-08 | 2018-02-08 | Procede de fabrication d'une piece en alliage d'aluminium et de chrome |
| PCT/FR2019/050269 WO2019155165A1 (fr) | 2018-02-08 | 2019-02-07 | Procede de fabrication d'une piece en alliage d'aluminium et de chrome |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3749471A1 true EP3749471A1 (fr) | 2020-12-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19710039.9A Pending EP3749471A1 (fr) | 2018-02-08 | 2019-02-07 | Procede de fabrication d'une piece en alliage d'aluminium et de chrome |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12152291B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3749471A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2021514423A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN111699063B (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE19710039T1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3077524B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019155165A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3990674A1 (fr) * | 2019-06-28 | 2022-05-04 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Alliage d'aluminium riche en cr présentant une haute résistance à la compression et au cisaillement |
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| US12421576B2 (en) * | 2017-02-01 | 2025-09-23 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Aluminum-chromium-zirconium alloys |
| US12305267B2 (en) | 2017-02-22 | 2025-05-20 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Rapidly solidified aluminum-rare earth element alloy and method of making the same |
| US11986904B2 (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2024-05-21 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Aluminum-cerium-nickel alloys for additive manufacturing |
| US12247272B2 (en) | 2019-10-30 | 2025-03-11 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Aluminum-cerium-copper alloys for metal additive manufacturing |
| FR3103123B1 (fr) * | 2019-11-19 | 2022-07-01 | C Tec Constellium Tech Center | Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en alliage d'aluminium |
| CN111001800B (zh) * | 2019-11-20 | 2021-11-16 | 中南大学 | 一种3D打印高强度Al-Cr-Sc合金 |
| CN115380127A (zh) * | 2020-01-31 | 2022-11-22 | Hrl实验室有限责任公司 | 铝-铬-锆合金 |
| FR3110095B1 (fr) * | 2020-05-13 | 2022-11-11 | C Tec Constellium Tech Center | Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en alliage d'aluminium |
| CN112251650A (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-22 | 福建祥鑫股份有限公司 | 一种铝合金及其制备方法 |
| EP4227029A4 (fr) * | 2020-10-12 | 2024-04-17 | Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology | Poudre métallique pour fabrication additive, procédé de fabrication d'un article fabriqué par fabrication additive l'utilisant, et article fabriqué par fabrication additive |
| CN112359252A (zh) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-02-12 | 江西钰石实业有限公司 | 一种耐腐蚀性好的骨灰盒存放架制作方法 |
| WO2022122670A1 (fr) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-06-16 | Höganäs Ab (Publ) | Nouvelle poudre, procédé de fabrication additive de composants faits de la nouvelle poudre et article fabriqué à partir de celle-ci |
| CN113512671B (zh) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-06-21 | 中车工业研究院有限公司 | 一种3D打印用高强韧AlCrSc合金粉末及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN114150187A (zh) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-08 | 江西科嵘合金材料有限公司 | 一种耐腐蚀强度高的铝铬合金制备工艺 |
| CN115026457B (zh) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-04-11 | 上海工程技术大学 | 用于电弧增材制造的高表面张力2xxx系铝合金焊丝及其制备方法 |
| FR3139018B1 (fr) * | 2022-08-25 | 2025-08-01 | C Tec Constellium Tech Center | Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en alliage d'aluminium |
| CN120384225B (zh) * | 2025-06-30 | 2025-09-23 | 东北大学 | 一种高强度高耐腐蚀性Al-Mg系铝合金及其制备方法 |
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| US7036550B2 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2006-05-02 | University Of Queensland | Infiltrated aluminum preforms |
| DE102007018123B4 (de) | 2007-04-16 | 2009-03-26 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Strukturbauteils aus einer Aluminiumbasislegierung |
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2019
- 2019-02-07 WO PCT/FR2019/050269 patent/WO2019155165A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-02-07 JP JP2020542998A patent/JP2021514423A/ja active Pending
- 2019-02-07 US US16/968,048 patent/US12152291B2/en active Active
- 2019-02-07 EP EP19710039.9A patent/EP3749471A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-02-07 DE DE19710039.9T patent/DE19710039T1/de active Pending
- 2019-02-07 CN CN201980012654.7A patent/CN111699063B/zh active Active
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Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3990674A1 (fr) * | 2019-06-28 | 2022-05-04 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Alliage d'aluminium riche en cr présentant une haute résistance à la compression et au cisaillement |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3077524B1 (fr) | 2021-01-15 |
| CN111699063B (zh) | 2023-06-02 |
| US20210032727A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 |
| CN111699063A (zh) | 2020-09-22 |
| WO2019155165A1 (fr) | 2019-08-15 |
| FR3077524A1 (fr) | 2019-08-09 |
| US12152291B2 (en) | 2024-11-26 |
| JP2021514423A (ja) | 2021-06-10 |
| DE19710039T1 (de) | 2021-02-18 |
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