EP3885671A1 - System zur temperaturregelung eines kryogenen fluids - Google Patents

System zur temperaturregelung eines kryogenen fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3885671A1
EP3885671A1 EP21164132.9A EP21164132A EP3885671A1 EP 3885671 A1 EP3885671 A1 EP 3885671A1 EP 21164132 A EP21164132 A EP 21164132A EP 3885671 A1 EP3885671 A1 EP 3885671A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
fluid
cryogenic fluid
cryogenic
pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21164132.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Julien Tanchon
Jerome Lacapere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Absolut System SAS
Original Assignee
Absolut System SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Absolut System SAS filed Critical Absolut System SAS
Publication of EP3885671A1 publication Critical patent/EP3885671A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
    • F25B23/006—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect boiling cooling systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/08—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using ejectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2341/00—Details of ejectors not being used as compression device; Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
    • F25B2341/001—Ejectors not being used as compression device
    • F25B2341/0012—Ejectors with the cooled primary flow at high pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for controlling the temperature of a cryogenic fluid.
  • figure 1 In the absence of a cryogenic machine or when one wishes to do without such a machine for practical and / or economic reasons, a control system is shown in the figure. figure 1 .
  • a first cryogenic fluid (designated by the mark A) at a temperature Ti is circulating in a pipe 1, but must be cooled to a precise temperature Tapp in order to cool a device 2 (with an uncertainty depending on the applications).
  • a second cryogenic fluid (designated by the mark B) at a temperature Tf lower than Ti is used as a cold source to cool the circulating fluid A.
  • the fluid B used is liquid nitrogen, the temperature of which is known as a function of the pressure.
  • the fluid A passes through an exchanger 3 immersed in a liquid bath containing the fluid B.
  • Fluid A leaves the exchanger at temperature Tf or at a temperature close to Tf
  • the application temperature Tapp is between Tf and Ti.
  • a heater 4 such as a heating resistor, which can be regulated. Regulation of the heater makes it possible to adjust the power according to the mass flow rate of fluid A.
  • this system makes it possible to regulate the temperature of the fluid A circulating in the pipe 1 from the temperature Ti to the temperature Tapp. Thanks to the heater, the temperature Tapp can be obtained precisely for a wide range of mass flow rates.
  • the fluid B used can be liquid nitrogen at a temperature close to 80 K. It is then necessary to heat the fluid A cooled from about 80 K to at least 130 K, which generates a significant loss of energy, to which are added the thermal losses of the liquid nitrogen used to completely cool the fluid A from the initial temperature to 80 K .
  • the pipe 1 comprises a main branch 12 and a bypass branch 11 so as to divide the fluid A circulating in the pipe 1 between a part A1 circulating in the bypass branch 11 and a part A2 which circulates in the branch main.
  • the part A1 circulating in the bypass branch 11 is cooled to the temperature Tf by passing through an exchanger 3 bathed in the fluid B, as in the system of the figure 1 , while the part A2 circulating in the main branch remains at the temperature Ti.
  • the cooled fluid A1 is then mixed with the fluid A2 which has remained at the temperature Ti.
  • Tm The new temperature reached for the fluid A is denoted and depends on the mass flow rate of the fluid cooled to the temperature Tf.
  • a heater 4 is used in order to obtain the desired temperature Tapp.
  • the flow through the bypass branch must be precisely adjusted according to the temperature Tapp and the initial flow of fluid A.
  • cryogenic valves 91, 92 are used, respectively in the bypass branch 11 and in the main branch 12, controlled so as to regulate the flow passing through the bypass branch.
  • the two cryogenic valves are controlled so as to balance the pressure drops in the two branches in parallel.
  • An aim of the invention is therefore to design a system which makes it possible to regulate the temperature of a cryogenic fluid while limiting energy losses and simplifying implementation by minimizing the number of valves required.
  • the invention provides a system for regulating the temperature of a cryogenic fluid, comprising a pipe for circulating the cryogenic fluid, comprising a main branch in which a part of the cryogenic fluid circulates at an initial temperature and a branch of branch in which another part of the cryogenic fluid is cooled to a final temperature below the initial temperature, so as to form a mixture of said parts of the cryogenic fluid at a temperature between the final temperature and the initial temperature, said system being characterized by that the main branch comprises a pipe comprising successively a converging part, a neck of section smaller than that of the pipe and a diverging part and in that the bypass branch is connected to said pipe by an upstream connection located upstream of the pipe converging part and by a downstream connection located at the neck, in the direction circulation of the cryogenic fluid.
  • upstream and downstream are understood in relation to the direction of flow of the fluid in the pipe considered.
  • the section of the neck is chosen to generate, by the Venturi effect, a depression suitable for generating a determined flow rate of the part of the fluid in the bypass branch.
  • the bypass branch further includes a valve for controlling the flow rate of the portion of the fluid in the bypass branch.
  • the bypass branch comprises a heat exchanger adapted to be immersed in a bath of a cryogenic liquid at the final temperature.
  • the bypass branch comprises a heat exchanger adapted to be thermally coupled to a cryogenic cold source operating at the final temperature.
  • the system can advantageously further comprise a heater adapted to heat the mixture of the parts of the cryogenic fluid to an application temperature higher than the temperature of said mixture.
  • the main branch does not have a valve for regulating the flow of fluid.
  • the figure 3 is a block diagram of a system for regulating the temperature of a cryogenic fluid according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the system comprises a pipe 1 supplied by a source 7 of a cryogenic fluid A at a temperature Ti.
  • a circulation pump 6 circulates the cryogenic fluid in line 1.
  • Line 1 is arranged so as to cool a device 2 to an application temperature Tapp by means of the cryogenic fluid.
  • devices capable of being cooled in this way there may be mentioned, in a nonlimiting manner: superconducting equipment (motor, generator), electronic components, laser amplifier, etc.
  • Cryogenic fluid A can be liquid or gaseous.
  • the cryogenic fluid A can be chosen from: liquid nitrogen (LN2), liquid helium (LH2), gaseous helium (GHe), gaseous nitrogen (GN2), hydrogen gas (GH2).
  • Line 1 comprises a main branch 12 and a bypass branch 11 making it possible to separate the fluid A into a part A2 circulating in the main branch at the initial temperature Ti and a part A1 cooled to a final temperature Tf less than Ti, then from mix part A1 and part A2.
  • the bypass branch 11 comprises a bath of a cryogenic liquid B at the temperature Tf.
  • the fluid A circulating in the bypass branch 11 passes through an exchanger 3 immersed in the bath of the fluid B so as to be cooled to a temperature substantially equal to Tf or greater depending on the size of the exchanger used.
  • Fluid B can be, for example, but in a nonlimiting manner, liquid nitrogen at a temperature of the order of 80 K.
  • bypass branch 11 Downstream of said bath, the bypass branch 11 is connected to the main branch 12, which allows the mixing of the parts A1 and A2 of the fluid A, so as to provide the fluid A with a temperature Tm depending on the temperatures Ti and Tf and the respective rates of parts A1 and A2.
  • the application temperature Tapp is of the order of 130 to 180 K
  • the initial temperature Ti of the cryogenic fluid is close to Tapp
  • the final temperature Tf is of the order of 80 K
  • the temperature Tm of the mixture is also close to Tapp in order to limit the losses.
  • the fluidic connection between the bypass branch and the main branch is produced by means of a pipe 8 comprising successively, in the direction of circulation of the cryogenic fluid, a converging portion 8a, a neck 8b and a diverging portion 8c.
  • the converging portion 8a has a section which gradually decreases (generally linearly) from the section of the pipe 1 to a minimum section which is the section of the neck 8b; the divergent portion 8c has a section which increases progressively (generally linearly) from the section of the neck 8b towards the section of the pipe 1.
  • the bypass branch is fluidly connected to the main branch by a connector 80 located upstream of the converging portion 8a and a connector 81 located at the level of the neck 8b.
  • the cryogenic fluid A circulating in the pipe 1 is therefore divided between a part A1 which is taken upstream of the converging portion 8a in order to circulate in the bypass branch 11, and a part A2 which circulates in the pipe 8 which forms the branch main 12.
  • the section restriction at the neck 8b creates a depression by the Venturi effect.
  • the value of this depression can be adjusted by the difference in section between the neck 8b and the pipe 1.
  • the value of the depression is chosen so that the fluid flow rate in the bypass branch is sufficient to obtain a temperature Tm of the mixture of parts A1 and A2 of the cryogenic fluid that is sufficiently low compared to the desired temperature Tapp.
  • a part A1 of the fluid A is therefore taken from the pipe 1 to pass into the exchanger 3 and naturally reinjected at the level of the neck 8b, without it being it is necessary to force this flow, for example by means of a pump or a valve in the main branch.
  • valve 9 for regulating the flow rate on the bypass branch 11. Since the bypass flow rate and the section of the bypass branch are relatively small, the size of the valve 9 used in the bypass branch is smaller than the valve used in the main branch in the system shown in the figure. figure 2 . Any cryogenic valve, manual or piloted, can be used for this purpose. Said valve can optionally be slaved to the desired flow rates and temperatures.
  • the cooling of the fluid circulating in the bypass branch can be carried out by means of a cryogenic cold source operating at temperature Tf.
  • This embodiment is illustrated in the figure 4 .
  • the cooling system figure 4 is similar to that of the figure 3 and therefore will not be described again.
  • the bypass branch 11 comprises a heat exchanger 3 which is thermally coupled to a cryogenic cold source 5, such as a cryocooler, operating at the temperature Tf.
  • a cryogenic cold source 5 such as a cryocooler
  • part A1 of the cryogenic fluid has a temperature of the order of Tf.
  • the invention makes it possible to physically decouple the cold source (cryogenic liquid bath B or cryogenic machine) from the circulation loop of the cryogenic fluid A. This makes it possible to decouple the device for cooling from sources of vibrations such as the cryogenic machine.
  • the cold source not being directly coupled to the circulation of the cryogenic fluid, it is possible to quickly heat the device by closing the valve 9, thus isolating the injection of cold gas into the loop.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP21164132.9A 2020-03-25 2021-03-23 System zur temperaturregelung eines kryogenen fluids Pending EP3885671A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2002909A FR3108740B1 (fr) 2020-03-25 2020-03-25 Système de régulation de la température d’un fluide cryogénique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3885671A1 true EP3885671A1 (de) 2021-09-29

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21164132.9A Pending EP3885671A1 (de) 2020-03-25 2021-03-23 System zur temperaturregelung eines kryogenen fluids

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP3885671A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3108740B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN119995243A (zh) * 2025-04-10 2025-05-13 北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所 低温汽蚀文氏管及用于化工机械的流量控制装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3442093A (en) * 1966-07-01 1969-05-06 Philips Corp Apparatus and ejector for producing cold
FR1573734A (de) * 1967-07-27 1969-07-04
US3932158A (en) * 1973-08-10 1976-01-13 Linde Aktiengesellschaft System for cooling an object with coolant cycle

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3442093A (en) * 1966-07-01 1969-05-06 Philips Corp Apparatus and ejector for producing cold
FR1573734A (de) * 1967-07-27 1969-07-04
US3932158A (en) * 1973-08-10 1976-01-13 Linde Aktiengesellschaft System for cooling an object with coolant cycle

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN119995243A (zh) * 2025-04-10 2025-05-13 北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所 低温汽蚀文氏管及用于化工机械的流量控制装置
CN119995243B (zh) * 2025-04-10 2025-07-18 北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所 低温汽蚀文氏管及用于化工机械的流量控制装置

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Publication number Publication date
FR3108740A1 (fr) 2021-10-01
FR3108740B1 (fr) 2022-08-12

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