Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
  • F16F1/00—Springs
  • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
  • F16F1/366—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers made of fibre-reinforced plastics, i.e. characterised by their special construction from such materials
  • F16F1/3665—Wound springs
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
  • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
  • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
  • F16F2224/0241—Fibre-reinforced plastics [FRP]

Definitions

• the present presentation relates to a composite rope as well as a spring
• Such a composite rope is particularly particularly useful for manufacturing springs, in the automotive field in particular.
• Such composite springs are thus produced from a composite rope, formed from a plurality of fibrous layers impregnated with resin, wound around one another, shaped and then solidified by polymerization of the resin.
• the fibers of the different layers pass through a resin bath after the winding of each new fibrous layer, which is very tedious and generates significant losses of resin.
• the layers can be wound one by one in a discontinuous process during which the same rope during manufacture will have to run in full in a wrapping device as many times as layers to be superimposed: such a process allows very good regularity of the winding and control of each layer at the cost of an extremely long cycle time.
• the cord traverses during its manufacture, continuously and in a single pass, a plurality of covering modules winding each fibrous layer one after the other.
• Such a continuous process offers a much shorter cycle time but requires the installation of as many covering modules as there are layers to be superimposed, which is very bulky and very expensive.
• the composite cords intended to produce springs are formed of fibrous layers of constant thickness wound
• the present disclosure relates to a composite cord, in particular for helical spring, comprising several fibrous layers, comprising a fibrous reinforcement and an organic matrix, wound alternately clockwise and counterclockwise around and along a longitudinal direction cord, in which at least two fibrous layers have different thicknesses.
• each fibrous layer consists of one or more successive sublayers, all of them wound in the same direction. Indeed, for thicker layers, it is easier to superimpose several sub-layers of reduced thicknesses rather than depositing the entire thickness of the layer at once. In particular, from a certain thickness, the ribbons to be deposited may be too thick, which
• the layers can be numbered from the inside to the outside of the rope, the first layer being the innermost and the last layer being the outermost; the same goes for the underlayers.
• At least two fibrous layers are provided.
• each fibrous layer comprises between 1 and 4 fibrous sublayers. The inventors have indeed found that beyond four sub-layers, the impact of the grouping on the final spring becomes significant and potentially unfavorable.
• the sublayers of at least one fibrous layer all have the same thickness. In this way, it is possible to use the same ribbon model for the different sublayers of the layer, which simplifies the manufacturing process. Preferably, this is the case within each fibrous layer.
• At least certain sublayers of at least one fibrous layer have different thicknesses.
• all the sub-layers have the same thickness. In this way, it is possible to use the same ribbon model for all of the rope underlays, which simplifies the manufacturing process.
• the thickness of each layer is a multiple of the thickness of the thinnest layer: we can then reason indifferently in terms of layer thicknesses than numbers of sublayers within each layer, especially in conjunction with
• each sublayer comprises several juxtaposed fibrous ribbons.
• each fibrous sublayer is independently selected from:
• each fibrous layer is wound in a direction forming an angle with the axial direction.
• the ribbons, and more generally the fibers, forming each fibrous layer are inclined relative to the axial direction.
• This orientation can be identical or different depending on the fibrous layers. It is between 10 and 80 °, more frequently between 40 and 50 °.
• the sublayers of at least one fibrous layer all have the same orientation.
• the fibrous layer has a homogeneous structure throughout its thickness. Preferably, this is the case within each fibrous layer.
• the rope includes an axial core. Such a core provides a central structure of the rope, extending axially, without inclination, and in particular makes it possible to provide support for the first fibrous layer.
• the core includes a bundle of fibers twisted or braided together, a hollow tube and / or a bar.
• the thinnest fibrous layer is the thinnest fibrous layer
• the thickest fibrous layer is the thickest fibrous layer
• the thickness of the thinnest fibrous layer has a thickness at least three times greater, preferably four times greater, than the thickness of the thinnest fibrous layer.
• the thickest fibrous layer is the thickest fibrous layer
• At least two fibrous layers are provided.
• these two fibrous layers are
• the thickness of the fibrous layers is decreasing from the inside to the outside of the rope, at least from the first fibrous layer to the antepenultimate fibrous layer of the rope, preferably at least until the penultimate fibrous layer of the cord.
• decreasing it is meant that the thickness has strictly decreased between the beginning and the end of the interval considered and that no layer has a thickness strictly higher than the previous layer in this interval; however, two successive layers may possibly have the same thickness.
• the inventors have established that the grouping of layers has a lower impact the less the grouped layers are loaded.
• the inventors have thus established that it was preferable to group more layers towards the center of the rope, and fewer layers towards its surface. However, due to side effects, the last layer and the penultimate layer may derogate from this decrease.
• the number of sublayers within each fibrous layer is decreasing from the inside to the outside of the rope, at least from the first fibrous layer to the antepenultimate fibrous layer of the cord, preferably at least until the penultimate fibrous layer of the cord.
• the thickness of the last layer is the thickness of the last layer
• the penultimate fibrous is strictly greater than the thickness of the penultimate fibrous layer. Indeed, in certain applications, for example that of a helical spring for automobile suspension, the penultimate layer works in compression and undergoes significant constraints: provide a layer of greater thickness, wound in the opposite direction, therefore working in traction, over this penultimate layer thus makes it possible to maintain and resist the pressure forces of the latter, thus reducing the risk of a surface burst of the rope.
• the number of sublayers of the last fibrous layer is strictly greater than the number of fibrous sublayers of the penultimate fibrous layer.
• the fibers of the fibrous layers are glass, carbon, kevlar, aramid or flax fibers.
• the matrix of the fibrous layers is a thermosetting resin, for example of the epoxy type. It may contain a hardener and / or additives.
• the present disclosure also relates to a composite spring, formed using a composite cord according to any one of the embodiments
• the present disclosure also relates to an installation for manufacturing a rope, comprising at least two covering modules each comprising a wheel, mounted in a rotary manner and provided with a central passage provided to allow the passage of a rope to guiper, and at least one reel of composite tape mounted on said wheel, in which the wheel of at least one wrapping module is driven clockwise and the wheel of at least one other wrapping module is driven in the direction counterclockwise, wherein said at least two wrapping modules are configured to each surround the wrapping cord with a separate fibrous layer, these fibrous layers having different thicknesses.
• At least one covering module is
• At least one covering module is configured to:
• At least one covering module is configured to:
• This distribution tool can for example be one of the distribution tools presented in patent application FR 18 73608.
• the installation further includes a
• the installation comprises a module for supplying or producing a core, provided upstream of the first covering module.
• This presentation also relates to a method of manufacturing a
• composite rope comprising the winding of several fibrous layers, comprising a fibrous reinforcement and an organic matrix, alternately clockwise and counterclockwise, one above the other around and along a longitudinal direction of the rope to be manufactured, in which at least two fibrous layers have different thicknesses.
• the winding of each fibrous layer comprises the winding of one or more successive sublayers, all wound in the same direction.
• At least two fibrous layers are provided.
• all the sub-layers have the same thickness.
• the sublayers of at least one fibrous layer are all wound in the same orientation.
• the method includes providing or making a core around which the fibrous layers are wound.
• At least two fibrous layers are provided.
• the thickness of the fibrous layers is decreasing from the inside to the outside of the rope, at least from the first fibrous layer to the antepenultimate fibrous layer of the rope, preferably at least until the penultimate fibrous layer of the cord.
• the thickness of the last layer is the thickness of the last layer
• fibrous is strictly greater than the thickness of the penultimate fibrous layer.
• At least two fibrous layers are provided.
• the fiber material and / or the material of the matrix of these layers may be different.
• the fibers of certain layers can be glass fibers; the fibers of other layers can be carbon fibers. Hybrid strings are thus obtained comprising several different materials.
• all of the fibrous layers have the same material.
• the core is produced in a first
• the layers wound in a first direction are made of a first material while the layers wound in a second direction are made of a second material, different from the first material.
• the fibers and / or the matrix of the layers may vary.
• the core is produced in a first
• the layers wound in a first direction are made of a second material and that the layers wound in a second direction are made of a third material, these three materials being different.
• the layers of odd rank include a first material while the layers of even rank include a second material absent from the layers of odd rank.
• the layers of odd rank include first fibers formed in a first material while the layers of even rank include second fibers formed in a second material.
• the first fibers are glass fibers while the second fibers are carbon fibers, or vice versa.
• the core includes fibers of the same material as the layers of even rank.
• fibrous intended to be wound on the rope can in particular be single threads, bundles of threads, bands etc.
• FIG 1 is an overall diagram of a rope manufacturing installation according to the description.
• FIG 2 is a front view of a covering module of this installation.
• FIG 3 is a sectional view of a composite rope according to the description.
• FIG 4 is a perspective view of a spring according to the description.
• FIGS 5A and 5B illustrate the first test results.
• FIGS 6A and 6B illustrate second test results.
• FIG 7 illustrates third test results.
• FIG 8 illustrates fourth test results. Description of the embodiments
• FIG 1 shows a rope manufacturing installation 1 according to the description.
• It comprises a core production module 10, provided at the upstream end of the installation 1, that is to say at the right end in FIG 1, a succession of covering modules 20, and a drive device 30, provided at the downstream end of the installation 1, that is to say at the left end of FIG 1.
• the core embodiment module 10 comprises a wheel 1 1 provided with a
• the 'soul 14 takes the form of a strand of son turned together; however, the core 14 could also take the form of a braid, a rod, or even a tube.
• the core threads are glass fibers, titrating at 1200 tex, impregnated with an epoxy resin.
• the drive device 30 comprises a drum 31 driven in rotation by a motor.
• the free end of the core 14 is fixed on the drum 31 and the latter is rotated, which tends the core 14 and causes the latter to travel downstream before it is wound around the drum 31.
• each covering module 20 comprises a wheel 21 provided with a central passage 21 to Each covering module 20 is inserted between the core production module 10 and the device drive 30, the axis of rotation A of all the covering modules 20 being aligned with the axis of rotation of the core-making module 10.
• the core 14, and more generally the cord during manufacture 24 thus crosses each covering module 20 by extending along the common axis of rotation A of all the modules 20 before being wound around the drum 31 of the device
• Each covering module 20 comprises one or more sets 22a, 22b, 22c of coils 22, each set of coils being intended to form an undercoat
• the coils 22a, 22b, 22c are presented in separate plans ; however, in practice, it is possible to install all the coils 22a, 22b, 22c in the same plane and then distribute their ribbons 23 in different rows using a distribution tool 40 and / or pulleys.
• this distribution tool can be configured as one of the distribution tools presented in the patent application
• the ribbons 23 include a fibrous reinforcement impregnated with a matrix
• each ribbon 23 takes the form of a strip 5 mm wide and 0.38 mm thick.
• a ribbon 23 is drawn from each reel 22 of the same set 22a, 22b, 22c and applied to the rope during manufacture 24, the different ribbons 23 of the same set of reels 22a, 22b, 22c being distributed by so as to juxtapose them, as much as possible without overlap or gap, so as to form a fibrous layer 52-1, 52-2, ..., 52-10 uniform.
• the different sub-layers 51 -1, 51 -2, ..., 51 -26 of the same covering module 20 form a common uniform layer 52-1, 52-2, ..., 52-10 .
• each covering module 20 makes it possible to add to the incoming cord a plurality of fibrous sub-layers 51 -1, 51 -2, ..., 51 -26 all wound in the same direction, thus forming a additional fibrous layer 52-1, 52-2, ...,
• the successive covering modules 20 rotate in opposite directions in order to deposit fibrous layers 52-1, 52-2, ..., 52-10 having different winding directions.
• a layer 52-1, 52-2, ..., 52-10 would require a very large total number of ribbons, exceeding the carrying capacity of the covering modules used, it would be possible to provide two successive covering modules rotating in the same direction, the sub-layers of the fibrous layer in question were then distributed between these two covering modules.
• the structure of the final rope 50 thus obtained is visible in FIG 3. It therefore comprises a core 14, extending in the axial direction A and having an axial orientation, and a superposition of fibrous layers 52-1, 52-2, ..., 52-10, wound alternately clockwise and counterclockwise, each consisting of one or more sublayers 51 -1, 51 -2, ..., 51 -26.
• the final cord 50 comprises a core 14 and 10 fibrous layers 52-1, 52-2, ..., 52-10, each comprising between 1 and 4 sublayers 51 - 1, 51 -2, ..., 51 -26 for a total of 26 sublayers 51 -1, 51 -2, ..., 51 -26 organized according to the following table.
• all the sub-layers 51 -1, 51 -2, 51 -26 have the same thickness, ie 0.38 mm in the present example, which corresponds to the thickness of the ribbons 23.
• the number of sublayers 51 -1, 51 -2, ..., 51 -26 within layers 52-1, 52 -2, ..., 52-10 is decreasing from the inside to the outside of the rope 50, in other words that the thickness of the layers 52-1, 52-2, ..., 52-10 is decreasing from inside to the outside of the rope 50.
• the last layer 52-10 has three sub-layers 51 -24, 51 -25, 51 -26, that is to say a thickness three times greater than the penultimate layer 52- 9.
• all the sub-layers 51 -1, 51 -2, ..., 51 -26 are oriented at 45 °, in one direction or the other: however, it should be understood that this value is approximate and may vary slightly (more or less 10% typically) depending on the underlay 51 -1, 51 -2, ..., 51 -26 considered, to take into account in particular the diameter of the rope 24 at this time of the making.
• a helical spring 60 (thus visible in FIG. 4) is thus obtained having a stiffness comparable to that of metal springs of the same characteristics.
• This spring I is confronted with a comparative example C comprising 21 layers organized according to a strict alternation, that is to say without any grouping, according to the following table. All the other characteristics of this comparative spring C, in particular its materials, its dimensions and its shaping, are identical to spring I.
• FIGS 5A and 5B illustrate the curve 71, 71 ’of the force exerted by the spring studied as a function of its height;
• FIG 5A gives the results for the spring I according to the description and
• FIG 5B gives the results for the comparative spring C.
• the grouping of the sub-layers of the spring I therefore has no influence on its
• FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate these second results of tests in which the local elongation of the fibers, in non-dimensioned relative values, is plotted for each layer as a function of the position of the fibers considered along the spring, from the lower end of the spring (turn 0) to its upper end (turn 4). More precisely, in each transverse plane along the curvilinear direction of the spring, the elongation of the fibers has been measured at the point of the layer considered to be the most intrados, in other words the point directed towards the axis of the spring.
• the curves 72, 72 ’located above the abscissa axis correspond to the layers working in traction while the curves 72, 72’ located below the abscissa axis correspond to the layers working in compression.
• the grouping of the sub-layers of the spring I therefore has no influence, or
• FIG. 7 illustrates on the same graph the local elongation of the fibers, in the same transverse plane 72a corresponding to the transverse plane undergoing the greatest tensile stresses, of each of the layers working in traction 73a, 73a 'of the spring I and comparative spring C.
• FIG 8 illustrates on the same graph the local elongation of the fibers, in the same transverse plane 72a, of each of the layers working in compression 74a, 74a 'of the spring I and of the comparative spring C.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2018
  • 2018-12-20 FR FR1873643A patent/FR3090461B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2019
  • 2019-12-19 EP EP19848797.7A patent/EP3899312A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2019-12-19 WO PCT/FR2019/053211 patent/WO2020128369A1/fr not_active Ceased

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