EP3915128B1 - Interrupteur à vide pour les applications à moyenne et haute tension - Google Patents

Interrupteur à vide pour les applications à moyenne et haute tension

Info

Publication number
EP3915128B1
EP3915128B1 EP20710775.6A EP20710775A EP3915128B1 EP 3915128 B1 EP3915128 B1 EP 3915128B1 EP 20710775 A EP20710775 A EP 20710775A EP 3915128 B1 EP3915128 B1 EP 3915128B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drive rod
contacts
spring contact
switching device
vacuum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20710775.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3915128C0 (fr
EP3915128A1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Schacherer
Karsten Freundt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3915128A1 publication Critical patent/EP3915128A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3915128C0 publication Critical patent/EP3915128C0/fr
Publication of EP3915128B1 publication Critical patent/EP3915128B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/58—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals
    • H01H1/5833—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals comprising an articulating, sliding or rolling contact between movable contact and terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/6606—Terminal arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vacuum switching device for medium or high voltage applications according to patent claim 1.
  • a contact system is used to close and open the circuit. It consists of two opposing contacts, one of which is usually a fixed contact (stationary contact) and the other a moving contact. To close the switching device, the moving contact is moved towards the fixed contact by a drive. This switching process must not be arbitrarily slow, as an arc is created shortly before the contacts meet, the so-called "making.” This can lead to melting of the contact surfaces.
  • the contacts then meet mechanically, and the remaining kinetic energy is dissipated primarily through deformation of the contacts and bouncing. After the mechanical closing of the melted contacts, they can weld together, as a slight melting of the contact surfaces occurred shortly before meeting. When the contacts are reopened, they can then be damaged by a so-called separating shock.
  • the closing movement can be described as a ballistic movement, in which the moving contact is initially strongly accelerated by a strong drive spring and then moves toward the opposite side, primarily due to inertia.
  • the spring drive exerts a certain driving force F drive on the contact even during the movement.
  • the acceleration decreases during the movement and can approach zero.
  • Paschen's law states that in a homogeneous field, the breakdown voltage is a function of the product of gas pressure and electrode distance. This means that the contacts can be well insulated with a gas or gas mixture at high pressure and the smallest possible contact distance.
  • the second option is a very low gas pressure, a technical vacuum at approximately 10 -6 bar (abs). Accordingly, the switches are called gas switches or vacuum switches.
  • Vacuum switches use vacuum tubes with their switching contacts enclosed in a gas chamber surrounding the vacuum tube to provide electrical insulation from the switch housing or the vacuum tube's electrical connections.
  • Vacuum tubes offer the advantage over gas switches of a very high breaking capacity and a comparatively small contact gap. Furthermore, the vacuum encapsulation prevents decomposition and melting products from switching operations from affecting the surrounding insulation.
  • the contacts of the vacuum tube, especially at the moving contact, are usually connected via a flexible current strip.
  • vacuum tubes have contact surfaces are parallel to each other. If the moving contact hits the stationary contact too quickly or with too much kinematic energy, the vacuum interrupter can be damaged, as described above. Furthermore, if the impact speed is too high, they can weld after closing. If the closing is too slow, the contact surfaces can be burned.
  • NDD non-sustained disruptive discharges
  • the object of the invention is to prevent or reduce the two disadvantages of the vacuum tube, namely the occurrence of NSDD and the possible welding of the switching contacts caused by an arc.
  • the vacuum switching device for medium or high voltage has two contacts, at least one of which is mounted for mechanical movement via a drive rod and is electrically connected to the drive rod. Furthermore, the vacuum switching device has a vacuum chamber in which the contacts are arranged. The vacuum switching device has a spring contact arranged outside the vacuum chamber, and the drive rod is electrically connected to a power line via the spring contact when the contacts are closed. Furthermore, the spring contact is electrically insulated from the drive rod when the contacts are open.
  • the actuator rod has a modified cross-sectional contour along a switching axis. For example, the resistance to the translational movement of the actuator rod increases when the cross-section increases along the direction of movement, causing the spring contact to compress.
  • the actuator rod has an electrically insulating and an electrically conductive section.
  • the spring contact rests against the electrically insulating section of the actuator rod, and when closed, it rests against the electrically conductive section. This allows the spring contact to move along the actuator rod in a simple sliding motion during a closing operation.
  • the spring contact is arranged in a contact-free manner with respect to the actuator rod when the contacts are open. This means that there is insulation in the form of an insulating gas between the spring contact and the actuator rod, since the spring contact is located outside the vacuum chamber.
  • the cross-sectional contour of the actuator rod is reinforced in such a way that a closing movement of the actuator rod along the switching axis results in an electrical contact between the actuator rod and the spring contact.
  • This The cross-sectional contour is reinforced in a reinforced area of the actuator rod, which serves to compress the spring contact and thus slow the closing movement through friction. This is specifically designed so that this reinforcement engages with the spring contact shortly before the two contacts meet. It is also advantageous for the spring contact to undergo elastic deformation during electrical contact, as this elastic deformation can reversibly introduce frictional energy into the movement of the actuator rod, which positively influences the deceleration movement.
  • the cross-section or cross-sectional contour of the actuator rod tapers again along the switching axis on the side facing away from the contact after maximum amplification and maximum deceleration. This means that after maximum amplification and maximum deceleration, the spring contact rests against the actuator rod in such a way that it permanently presses against it, thus exerting a contact force on the closed contacts. This occurs particularly when the spring contact rests against the tapered area of the cross-section or cross-sectional contour of the actuator rod in an elastically deformed state.
  • the changing cross-sectional contour of the actuator rod is preferably designed to be rotationally symmetrical, but other non-symmetric cross-sectional changes can also occur, which lead to engagement of the actuator rod with the spring contact.
  • an electrically conductive region of the drive rod can be set to a defined potential via a potential control on the drive rod.
  • FIGS 1 to 4 and 8 show embodiments which are not in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGS 5 to 7 show an embodiment of the invention.
  • a vacuum switching device 20 is depicted, which has a vacuum chamber 28 in which two contacts, a moving contact 22 and a fixed contact 24, are arranged.
  • the moving contact 22 is connected to a drive rod 26, via which the contact 22 is also electrically contacted.
  • the drive rod 26 of the moving contact 22 is in turn in mechanical engagement with a drive (not shown here).
  • the vacuum switching device 20 further comprises a housing 60 on which vapor shields 62 are arranged.
  • the vacuum chamber 28 has insulation 64, which is generally represented in the form of rotationally symmetrical ceramic components.
  • a vacuum bellows 66 serves to seal the drive rod 26 from the gas chamber 30 located outside the vacuum chamber 28.
  • the gas chamber 30 is either a closed chamber containing a specified insulating gas, which can be, for example, pure air or an additional dielectric insulating gas such as a fluoroketone or a fluoronitrile.
  • a specified insulating gas can be, for example, pure air or an additional dielectric insulating gas such as a fluoroketone or a fluoronitrile.
  • the vacuum chamber 28 of the vacuum switching device 20 it is also possible for the vacuum chamber 28 of the vacuum switching device 20 to be located in the open air, which is why the external atmosphere in which the vacuum switching device is located can be considered the gas chamber 30.
  • the described vacuum switching device 20 according to Figure 1 is analogous to an example shown in Figure 9
  • the vacuum switching device shown is designed according to the state of the art.
  • the vacuum switching device according to Figure 9 has a current band 70 which is directly connected to the drive rod 26 and thus permanently electrically contacts it.
  • the electrical contact of the drive rod 26 is provided by a Figure 1 schematically illustrated spring contact 32, which in turn is electrically connected to another electrical conductor, for example the current strip 70 already described and known from the prior art.
  • Figure 1 an open state 34 of the contacts 22 and 24 is shown, in which state The spring contact 32, which is located outside the vacuum chamber 28 in the gas chamber 32, is arranged at a distance from the drive rod 26. The distance of the spring contact 32 from the drive rod 26 is so large that no electrical contact occurs in this state 34.
  • An insulating gas for example, synthetic air, is present between the spring contact 32 and the drive rod 26.
  • the braking force F b occurring due to the described intervention prevents the moving contact 22 from striking the fixed contact 24 too strongly, which considerably reduces the undesirable bouncing of the two contacts 22 and 24 known from the prior art.
  • FIG 3 a closed state 44 of the contacts 22 and 24 is shown, wherein the cross-sectional contour 38 extends after a region of maximum amplification 50 ( Figure 4 ) is tapered again in such a way that the spring contact 32 rests against the drive rod 26 in such a way that the contact system with the contacts 22 and 24 is pressed closed, which in turn prevents bouncing in the closed state, since the contact force F b prevents the contacts 22 and 24 from opening again.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic representation of the drive rod 26 and its cross-sectional contour 38 I to IV given what the individual stations from the Figures 1 to 3 explained in more detail.
  • Figure 4 For the sake of clarity, the spring contact in the open state 34 of the contacts 22 and 24 is not shown, as shown in Figure 1 is shown, approximately at the height of the cross-sectional contour 38-I.
  • the drive rod 26 moves along the switching axis 36 in the illustration according to Figure 4 upwards, whereby in the cross-sectional contour 38-II the spring contact 32 comes into contact with the actuator rod 26.
  • the actuator rod 26 performs a closing movement in the direction of the arrow 46.
  • the actuator rod 26 is braked due to the elastic deformation and the pressing of the spring contact 32 in the area 38-II.
  • the area 38-II there is an area 38-III along the closing movement 46, which represents a maximum cross-sectional contour of the actuator rod 26. This is the area of maximum reinforcement 50.
  • the spring contact 32 slides over the area 50 and comes into an area 52, which in turn has a tapered cross-sectional structure, which is provided with the reference number 38-IV.
  • the spring contact 32 is still elastically deformed and rests against the drive rod 26 and exerts a locking force on the contacts 22 and 24.
  • the vacuum switching device 20 described has the following advantages over the prior art. Firstly, the current path is interrupted twice, namely once between contacts 22 and 24 and once between the operating rod 26 and the spring contact 32. This statistically almost eliminates the possibility of NSDD. Secondly, the special design of the operating rod and its engagement with the spring contact 32 in the described manner greatly reduces the bouncing of contacts 22 and 24 upon contact, significantly reducing welding and damage to contact surfaces 58 of contacts 22 and 24.
  • FIG 8 Another alternative design is in Figure 8 shown very schematically, in Figure 8 Only the contacts 22 and 24 as well as the drive rod 26 and the spring contact 32 of the vacuum switching device 20, which is not shown in its entirety here, are shown.
  • the spring contact 32 which is designed in the form of a flat spring, is pressed against a disk mounted on the drive rod 26, whereby this construction also has a change in the cross-sectional contour 38-I to 38-IV.
  • the tapered area 52 and the reinforced area 54 can be designed very short along the switching axis and can be reduced to zero. be reduced. It is important that the spring contact 32 is designed in such a way that the drive rod 26 and the contact 22 can be decelerated in a targeted manner.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Interrupteur (20) à vide pour la moyenne ou la haute tension, comprenant deux contacts (22, 24), dont l'un (22) au moins est monté mobile mécaniquement par une barre (26) d'entraînement et ainsi est en liaison électrique avec la barre (26) d'entraînement, dans lequel l'interrupteur (20) à vide a un espace 28 sous vide, dans lequel sont disposés les contacts (22, 24), et dans lequel l'interrupteur à vide a un contact à ressort, qui est disposé à l'extérieur de l'espace (28) sous vide, et la barre (26) d'entraînement est, dans un état fermé des contacts (22, 24), connectée électriquement à une ligne de courant par le contact (32) à ressort, et dans lequel le contact (32) à ressort est, dans l'état (34) ouvert des contacts (22, 24), isolé électriquement de la barre (26) d'entraînement,
    dans lequel la barre d'entraînement a un contour (38-I, 38-II, 38-III, 38-IV) de section transversale se modifiant le long d'un axe (36) de l'interrupteur, et dans lequel le contour (38-I à 38-III) de section transversale de la barre (26) d'entraînement se renforce (partie 54 se renforçant), en sorte que, lors d'un mouvement (46) de fermeture de la barre (26) d'entraînement le long de l'axe (36) de l'interrupteur, il se produit une mise en contact électrique entre la barre (26) d'entraînement et le contact (32) à ressort,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la barre (26) d'entraînement a, le long de l'axe de l'interrupteur, une partie (40) isolante électriquement et une partie (42) conductrice électriquement et le contact à ressort s'applique, dans un état (44) ouvert des contacts (22, 24), à la partie (40) isolante électriquement de la barre (26) d'entraînement, et en ce que
    le contour (38-IV) de section transversale de la barre (26) d'entraînement le long de l'axe (36) de l'interrupteur se rétrécit à nouveau après un renforcement (50) maximum d'un côté (48) non tourné vers les contacts (22, 24).
  2. Interrupteur à vide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le contact (32) à ressort subit, lors de la mise en contact électrique, une déformation élastique.
  3. Interrupteur suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que, dans un état (44) fermé des contacts (22, 24), le contact (32) à ressort, déformé élastiquement, s'applique à la partie (52) rétrécie du contour (38-IV) de section transversale de la barre (26) d'entraînement.
  4. Interrupteur suivant l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le contour de section transversale se modifiant de la barre (26) d'entraînement est de révolution.
  5. Interrupteur suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie (42) conductrice de l'électricité de la barre (26) d'entraînement peut être mise à un potentiel défini par une commande (56) de potentiel sur la barre (26) d'entraînement.
EP20710775.6A 2019-02-28 2020-02-25 Interrupteur à vide pour les applications à moyenne et haute tension Active EP3915128B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019202741.5A DE102019202741A1 (de) 2019-02-28 2019-02-28 Vakuumschaltgerät für Mittel- und Hochspannungsanwendungen
PCT/EP2020/054814 WO2020173894A1 (fr) 2019-02-28 2020-02-25 Interrupteur à vide pour les applications à moyenne et haute tension

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3915128A1 EP3915128A1 (fr) 2021-12-01
EP3915128C0 EP3915128C0 (fr) 2025-09-03
EP3915128B1 true EP3915128B1 (fr) 2025-09-03

Family

ID=69804809

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20710775.6A Active EP3915128B1 (fr) 2019-02-28 2020-02-25 Interrupteur à vide pour les applications à moyenne et haute tension

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US12033813B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3915128B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7326460B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN113711325B (fr)
DE (1) DE102019202741A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020173894A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11631562B2 (en) * 2021-02-19 2023-04-18 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Closing spring assemblies for electrical switching devices
WO2025262871A1 (fr) * 2024-06-20 2025-12-26 三菱電機株式会社 Disjoncteur cc

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4815151U (fr) * 1971-07-02 1973-02-20

Family Cites Families (16)

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DE579464C (de) * 1933-06-27 Aeg Schalter, dessen Kontakte im Vakuum angeordnet sind
DE1133785B (de) * 1959-09-23 1962-07-26 Siemens Ag Elektrischer Vakuumschalter
JPS50157879A (fr) 1974-06-11 1975-12-20
US4124790A (en) * 1975-03-06 1978-11-07 Mcgraw-Edison Company Protective switch device and operating mechanism therefor
US4150270A (en) * 1976-02-23 1979-04-17 Mcgraw-Edison Company Encapsulated high voltage switching device
ATE38741T1 (de) * 1984-05-18 1988-12-15 Sprecher Energie Ag Vakuumschalter.
DD226690A1 (de) * 1984-09-24 1985-08-28 Buchwitz Otto Starkstrom Schalterpol
US6927355B2 (en) * 2000-08-28 2005-08-09 Abb Ab Circuit breaker
WO2002097839A1 (fr) 2001-05-30 2002-12-05 Abb Patent Gmbh Commande d'au moins un trajet de commutation a vide
FR2827075B1 (fr) * 2001-07-05 2003-09-19 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Appareillage electrique de coupure et de sectionnement comportant une ampoule sous vide
DE10207892B4 (de) * 2002-02-20 2004-02-05 Siemens Ag Vakuumschaltröhre mit einem Schaltkontaktstück
ATE441197T1 (de) 2005-11-02 2009-09-15 Siemens Ag Vakuumisoliertes schaltgerät
JP5340043B2 (ja) * 2009-06-08 2013-11-13 三菱電機株式会社 遮断器
KR101314471B1 (ko) * 2010-02-23 2013-10-07 미쓰비시덴키 가부시키가이샤 전력개폐장치
CN202888710U (zh) * 2012-09-03 2013-04-17 湖南德意电气有限公司 固体绝缘全封闭环网柜
GB2527800A (en) * 2014-07-02 2016-01-06 Eaton Ind Netherlands Bv Circuit breaker

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4815151U (fr) * 1971-07-02 1973-02-20

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3915128C0 (fr) 2025-09-03
JP2022531820A (ja) 2022-07-12
CN113711325A (zh) 2021-11-26
CN113711325B (zh) 2024-03-08
DE102019202741A1 (de) 2020-09-03
EP3915128A1 (fr) 2021-12-01
JP7326460B2 (ja) 2023-08-15
US20220102084A1 (en) 2022-03-31
US12033813B2 (en) 2024-07-09
WO2020173894A1 (fr) 2020-09-03

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