EP3965123A1 - Elektrisches kabel für die luftfahrtindustrie - Google Patents

Elektrisches kabel für die luftfahrtindustrie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3965123A1
EP3965123A1 EP21194924.3A EP21194924A EP3965123A1 EP 3965123 A1 EP3965123 A1 EP 3965123A1 EP 21194924 A EP21194924 A EP 21194924A EP 3965123 A1 EP3965123 A1 EP 3965123A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrically conductive
layer
element according
insulating layer
conductive element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21194924.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Hähner
Patrick Rybski
Dimitri Charrier
Adrien Charmetant
Clara LAGOMARSINI
Nabil MELLOUKY
Marcelo PAIXAO DANTAS
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Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nexans SA filed Critical Nexans SA
Publication of EP3965123A1 publication Critical patent/EP3965123A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
    • H01B9/027—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients composed of semi-conducting layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/04—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables
    • H01B7/043—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables attached to flying objects, e.g. aircraft towline, cables connecting an aerodyne to the ground
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/002—Inhomogeneous material in general
    • H01B3/004—Inhomogeneous material in general with conductive additives or conductive layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
    • H01B3/445—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds from vinylfluorides or other fluoroethylenic compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0258—Disposition of insulation comprising one or more longitudinal lapped layers of insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0291—Disposition of insulation comprising two or more layers of insulation having different electrical properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/2806—Protection against damage caused by corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/2813—Protection against damage caused by electrical, chemical or water tree deterioration

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an insulated electrically conductive element for the field of aeronautics as well as an electrically conductive cable comprising such an element.
  • Electric cables generally comprise at least one electrically conductive element surrounded by at least one layer of an insulating material.
  • electrical cables In the field of aeronautics, electrical cables must meet certain constraints and in particular be compact and/or have a reduced weight while being resistant to extreme temperatures which can range from -65° C. to 260° C. and low pressures approximately 116 mbar.
  • Partial discharges which are tiny electric arcs in the insulating material, cause, over time, a degradation of the electrically insulating material which can lead to its dielectric breakdown.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the PWM is based on the generation of a square voltage with variable duty cycle.
  • the rise time of the pulse being short (about 200ns)
  • an overvoltage can be created (which can go as far as doubling the value of the voltage) which is due in particular to reflections of the voltage wave at the ends of the cable.
  • Such overvoltages favor the appearance of partial discharges.
  • the high chopping frequency of a PWM system (of the order of several tens of kHz) can accelerate the erosion of the insulating layer in the event of the appearance of partial discharges.
  • the insulating layer should have a significant thickness to avoid the appearance of partial discharges which would make the cables too heavy and unsuitable for use in certain fields such as for example in aeronautics.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy at least one of the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing an electric cable having an insulation system allowing it to be subjected to high voltages and currents, as well as to temperatures extreme and low pressures, while having a reduced size and/or weight.
  • the first subject of the present invention is an insulated electrically conductive element for the field of aeronautics, comprising an elongated electrically conductive element surrounded by at least two layers, said two layers being an electrically insulating layer surrounding the elongated electrically conductive element and a first semiconductor layer surrounding said electrically insulating layer, at least one of said two layers comprising at least one fluorinated polymer.
  • the aforementioned insulated electrically conductive element has resistance to a wide range of temperatures, in particular ranging from ⁇ 70° C. to 260° C., as well as to low pressures, in particular less than 116 mbar. Furthermore, this insulated electrically conductive element can withstand high electric fields E, while having limited bulk and weight.
  • the insulated electrically conductive element may further comprise a third layer, said third layer being a second semiconductor layer surrounding the elongated electrically conductive element and being surrounded by the insulating layer.
  • the first semiconductor layer, the electrically insulating layer and the second semiconductor layer can constitute a three-layer insulation system.
  • the electrically insulating layer can be in direct physical contact with the first semiconductor layer
  • the second semiconductor layer can be in direct physical contact with the electrically insulating layer.
  • Such a three-layer insulation system enables the electrically conductive element to limit or even avoid the appearance of partial discharges.
  • the three-layer electrical cables known in the prior art are generally used in the land domain, such as for example in electricity transmission networks or in hybrid ship propulsion systems, and are therefore not subject to the extreme conditions associated with field of aeronautics.
  • the three-layer cables of the prior art resist temperatures not going below ⁇ 40° C. nor above 150° C., and have a resistance to an electric field of at most 5 kV/mm.
  • the fluorinated polymer can be chosen from copolymers obtained from tetrafluoroethylene monomer, and in particular from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); copolymers of fluorinated ethylene and propylene (FEP) such as for example poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene); perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) copolymers such as for example perfluoro(alkylvinylether)/tetrafluoroethylene copolymers; perfluoro methoxy (MFA) copolymers; and poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE); and a mixture thereof.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene and propylene
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene and propylene
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy copolymers
  • MFA perfluoro methoxy copolymers
  • ETFE poly(ethylene-
  • the fluoropolymer can be chosen from perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) copolymers.
  • the two other layers can comprise at least one polymer, in particular at least one olefin polymer, chosen from linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE); a very low density polyethylene (VLDPE); low density polyethylene (LDPE); a medium density polyethylene (MDPE); a high density polyethylene (HDPE); an elastomeric ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM); an ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) terpolymer; a copolymer ethylene vinyl ester such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA); a copolymer of ethylene and acrylate such as a copolymer of ethylene and butyl acrylate (EBA) or a copolymer of ethylene and methyl acrylate (EMA); an ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer such as an ethylene-octene copolymer (PEO) or an ethylene-butane-ethylene-ethylene-ethylene-ethylene-ethylene-ethylene-but
  • the insulating layer and the first semiconductor layer comprise at least one fluorinated polymer.
  • the insulated electrically conductive conductor comprises three layers
  • at least two of the three layers can comprise at least one fluorinated polymer
  • the third layer can comprise at least one polymer, in particular at least one polymer of olefin chosen from the aforementioned olefin polymers.
  • each of the three layers comprises at least one fluorinated polymer, preferably the same fluorinated polymer.
  • each of the three layers comprises at least one polymer chosen from perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) copolymers.
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy
  • the PFA used in the electrically insulated conductor of the invention may for example be the PFA marketed by the Daikin company under the trade reference Neoflon PFA, or the PFA marketed by the 3M company under the trade reference Dyneon.
  • At least one or more of the layers have resistance to temperatures ranging from -70°C to 260°C, preferably ranging from -65°C to 250°C, and particularly preferably from -55°C to 180°C.
  • the fact, for a layer, of having a resistance to such temperature ranges means that this layer has a characteristic 1.
  • the layer or layers having a resistance to these temperature ranges are the layers comprising at least one fluorinated polymer .
  • the insulating layer has a resistance to an electrically E field ranging from 1 kV/mm to 30 kV/mm, preferably ranging from 3 kV/mm to 20 kV/mm, and particularly preferably ranging from 5 kV/mm to 20 kV / mm, in particular when this electric field is applied continuously for a period of up to 430,000 hours (h), preferably up to 260,000 h, and even more preferably up to 90,000 h, these values being given for an electrically insulating layer in the form of a plate with a thickness of 0.5 mm.
  • the fact, for an insulating layer, of having a resistance to such ranges of electric field means that this layer has a characteristic 2.
  • the layer having a resistance to these grams of electric field is a layer comprising at least one polymer fluorinated.
  • the first and/or the second semiconductor layer can possess one or more of the characteristics 6 and 7.
  • each of the three layers comprises at least one polymer chosen from perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) copolymers and all of the three layers possess characteristic 1 as well as one additional characteristic, preferably two additional characteristics, from additional features 6 and 7.
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy
  • the elongated electrically conductive element may be a single-body conductor such as for example a metal wire or a multi-body conductor such as a plurality of twisted or untwisted metal wires, preferably a plurality of metal wires, twisted or not, so as to increase cable flexibility.
  • the insulated electrically conductive element comprises a plurality of metallic wires, some of the metallic wires in the center of the conductor can be replaced by non-metallic wires having characteristic 1.
  • the elongated electrically conductive member can be aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, and a mixture thereof.
  • the elongated electrically conductive element may include one or more carbon nanotubes or with graphene to increase electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and/or mechanical strength.
  • the electrically conductive element can be covered with a metal or an alloy different from the metal forming the conductor or different from the alloy forming the metal, such as for example nickel, an alloy of nickel, tin, a tin alloy, silver, a silver alloy or a mixture thereof.
  • a covering called a veneer, can enable the conductor to be protected from corrosion and/or to improve its contact resistance.
  • the electrically conductive element formed from a metal or a metal alloy means that the electrically conductive element comprises at least 70%, preferably at 80%, and even more preferably at least 90% less of said metal or said alloy .
  • the electrically conductive element may have a section ranging from 3 mm 2 (AWG 12) to 107 mm 2 (AWG 0000), preferably ranging from 14 mm 2 (AWG 6) to 107 mm 2 (AWG 0000), preferably ranging from 34 mm 2 (AWG 2) to 107 mm 2 (AWG 0000), and even more preferably ranging from 68 mm 2 (AWG00) to 107 mm 2 (AWG0000).
  • the electrically conductive element can have an outer diameter ranging from 2.0 mm to 20 mm, preferably ranging from 4.5 mm to 18 mm, preferably ranging from 7.0 mm to 16 mm, and even more preferably ranging from 10mm to 15.2mm.
  • the electrically insulating layer can comprise the same polymeric composition as the first semiconductor layer.
  • the electrically insulating layer can comprise the same polymeric composition as the second semiconductor layer when it is present.
  • the electrically insulating layer may comprise the same polymeric composition as the first and second semi-conductor layers.
  • a polymeric composition corresponds to a composition comprising one or more polymers in a determined quantity, and in particular with determined percentages by weight of polymers.
  • the polymeric composition essentially comprises one or more polymers, preferably only one or more polymers.
  • a layer can be formed from a polymeric mixture comprising a polymeric composition to which can be added additional agents such as, for example, fillers, pigments, crosslinking agents, flame-retardant fillers, antioxidants, conductive fillers ...
  • the electrically insulating layer may comprise the same polymeric composition as the first semiconductor layer, the polymeric composition comprising one or more perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) copolymers.
  • the electrically insulating layer can comprise the same polymeric composition as the second semi-conductive layer, the polymeric composition comprising one or more perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) copolymers.
  • the electrically insulating layer may comprise the same polymer composition as the first and the second semi-conducting layers, the polymer composition comprising one or more perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) copolymers.
  • the electrically insulating layer may comprise at least 50% by weight of polymer(s), preferably at least 70% by weight of polymer(s), even more preferably at least 80% by weight of polymer(s), and even more preferably at least 90% by weight of polymer(s), relative to the total weight of the electrically insulating layer.
  • the electrically insulating layer of the invention may conventionally comprise additional agents such as, for example, fillers, pigments, crosslinking agents, flame-retardant fillers, antioxidants, etc.
  • the electrically insulating layer may be a layer extruded around the electrically conductive element, or a layer in the form of a ribbon wound around the electrically conductive element, or a layer of varnish deposited around the electrically conductive element, or a of their combinations.
  • the electrically insulating layer is extruded around the electrically conductive element.
  • the electrically insulating layer is coextruded with the first semi-conductive layer around the electrically conductive element or, when a second semi-conductive layer is present, coextruded with the first and the second semi-conductive layers around of the electrically conductive element.
  • the insulating layer can be placed directly around the electrically conductive element.
  • the electrically insulating layer can be placed directly around the second semi-conducting layer and therefore be in direct physical contact with said layer.
  • the insulating layer can also be in direct physical contact with the first semiconductor layer which surrounds it.
  • the term "electrically insulating layer” means a layer whose electrical conductivity is very low or even zero, in particular less than 10 -6 S/m, and preferably less than 10 -13 S/m, and this in the operating temperature range can go up to 260°C.
  • the insulating layer has a thickness e i , the value of said thickness e i being determined according to the operating voltage U of the insulated electrically conductive element and an internal diameter d1 of the electrically insulating layer.
  • the diameter d1 corresponds to the outer diameter of the electrically conductive element.
  • the diameter d1 corresponds to the external diameter of the second semi-conductive layer.
  • such an electrically conductive element makes it possible to limit or even avoid the phenomenon of the appearance of partial discharges, known as “Partial Discharge Inception” (PDI).
  • PDI Partial Discharge Inception
  • the combination of an insulation system comprising at least one electrically insulating layer and at least one first semiconductor layer, and of a thickness of the insulation layer determined according to this preferred embodiment makes it possible to limit even to avoid the appearance of partial discharges, and this, even at very high operating voltage values of the electrically conductive element.
  • the determination of the thickness of the insulation layer may involve a calculation, for example a calculation implemented by computer.
  • the calculation of the value of the thickness of the insulation layer is carried out using the value of the operating voltage U of the insulated electrically conductive element and the value of the internal diameter d1 of the electrically insulating layer. .
  • the operating voltage U corresponds to the voltage that can be applied between the electrically conductive isolated element and the neutral (the phase-to-neutral voltage) or between two electrically conductive isolated elements (the phase-to-phase voltage) and which can depend on its use.
  • the voltage U can have a value of at least 540 V, preferably of at least 800 V, preferably of at least 1200 V, and particularly preferably of at least 3000 V.
  • these voltage values correspond to the potential difference between the two poles (plus and minus).
  • a non-continuous voltage for example in alternating current or in PWM systems
  • these voltage values are peak-to-peak values (known as “peak to peak”).
  • the thickness e i of the electrically insulating layer can be determined as a function of a ratio between the operating voltage U and the diameter d1.
  • the electrically insulated conductor comprises two layers, namely the insulating layer and the first semiconductor layer of thickness e 1 , the value of the thickness e i satisfies the following relationship: yes ⁇ and 1
  • the electrically insulated conductor further comprises a second semi-conducting layer of thickness e 2
  • the value of the thickness e i satisfies the following relationship: yes ⁇ and 1 + and 2
  • the thickness e of a layer is in particular an average thickness which can vary by ⁇ 30%, preferably by ⁇ 20%, and in a particularly preferred manner by ⁇ 10% with respect to the average thickness. This variation in thickness can be random and be due in particular to the method of applying said layer to the element or the layer that it surrounds.
  • the value of the electric field E max corresponds to the maximum value of the electric field that can be applied to the insulation layer of the insulated electrically conductive element without there being any degradation of said element leading to a dielectric breakdown of the insulation layer for the required cable life.
  • the value of the electric field E max can be at most 30 kV/mm, preferably at most 20 kV/mm, and particularly preferably at most 10 kV/mm.
  • the thickness e i satisfies the following relationship: yes ⁇ d 1 2 exp U E max ⁇ d 1 2 ⁇ 1
  • the thickness e i satisfies the following relationship: yes ⁇ d 1 2 exp 3 ⁇ U E max ⁇ d 1 2 ⁇ 1
  • the thickness e i satisfies the following relationship: d 1 2 exp U E max ⁇ d 1 2 ⁇ 1 ⁇ yes ⁇ d 1 2 exp 3 ⁇ U E max ⁇ d 1 2 ⁇ 1
  • the thickness e i simultaneously satisfies the following two relationships: yes ⁇ d 1 2 exp U E max ⁇ d 1 2 ⁇ 1 and yes ⁇ and 1 + and 2
  • the value of the electric field Emax is 5 kV/mm and the thickness e i then satisfies the following relationship: yes ⁇ d 1 2 exp U 2 , 5 ⁇ d 1 ⁇ 1
  • the first semiconductor layer may comprise at least 50% by weight of polymer(s), preferably at least 70% by weight of polymer(s), even more preferably at least 80% by weight of polymer(s), and even more preferably at least 90% by weight of polymer(s).
  • the first semi-conductive layer of the invention may conventionally comprise electrically conductive fillers in an amount sufficient to render the first semi-conductive layer.
  • electrically conductive fillers such as for example carbon black, carbon nanotubes, etc.
  • the first semiconductor layer may be a layer extruded around the electrically insulating layer, or a layer in the form of a ribbon wound around the electrically insulating layer, or a layer of varnish deposited around the electrically insulating layer, or one of their combinations.
  • the first semiconductor layer can be extruded around the electrically insulating layer.
  • the first semiconductor layer may have a thickness e 1 ranging from 0.05 mm to 1.0 mm, preferably ranging from 0.07 mm to 0.8 mm, and particularly preferably a thickness ranging from 0.09 mm to 0.5mm.
  • semiconductor layer means a layer whose volume resistivity is less than 10,000 ⁇ m (Ohm meter) (at room temperature), preferably less than 1000 ⁇ m, and in such a way particularly preferred less than 500 ⁇ m.
  • the second semiconductor layer may comprise at least 50% by weight of polymer(s), preferably at least 70% by weight of polymer(s), even more preferably at least 80% by weight of polymer(s) , and even more preferably at least 90% by weight of polymer(s).
  • the second semiconductive layer may typically include electrically conductive fillers in an amount sufficient to render the first layer semiconductive. For example, it may include 0.1% to 40% by weight of electrically conductive fillers, such as for example carbon black, carbon nanotubes...
  • the second semiconductor layer may be a layer extruded around the elongated electrically conductive element, or a layer in the form of a ribbon wound around the elongated electrically conductive element, or a layer of varnish deposited around the electrically conductive element. elongated conductor, or a combination thereof.
  • the second semiconductor layer is extruded around the elongated electrically conductive element.
  • the second semiconductor layer can be placed directly around the electrically conductive element and therefore be in direct physical contact with said element.
  • the second semiconductor layer thus makes it possible to smooth the electric field around the conductor.
  • the second semiconductor layer may have a thickness e 2 ranging from 0.05 mm (millimeters) to 1.0 mm, preferably ranging from 0.07 mm to 0.8 mm, and particularly preferably a thickness ranging from 0.09mm to 0.5mm.
  • the second semiconductor layer may have an outside diameter ranging from 0.3 mm to 22 mm, preferably ranging from 0.8 mm to 20 mm, preferably ranging from 1.0 mm to 15 mm, and in a particularly preferred way ranging from 1.2mm to 12mm.
  • semiconductor layer means a layer whose volume resistivity is less than 10,000 ⁇ m (Ohm meter) (at room temperature), preferably less than 1,000 ⁇ m, and of particularly preferably less than 500 ⁇ m.
  • Insulated electrically conductive element Insulated electrically conductive element
  • the insulated electrically conductive element can be used at an intensity which can range from 35 ARMS to 1000 ARMS, preferably from 80 ARMS to 600 ARMS, particularly preferably from 190 A RMS to 500 A RMS , these values being indicated for a temperature maximum of the conductor in service of 260°.
  • the insulated electrically conductive element can be used in direct current or in alternating current.
  • the frequency of use can range from 10 Hz (Hertz) to 100 kHz (kilohertz), preferably from 10 Hz to 10 kHz, in a particularly preferred way from 10 Hz to 3 kHz.
  • frequency means the fundamental frequency of the current.
  • the insulated electrically conductive element can be used in an aircraft in a pressurized and non-pressurized zone, at a power ranging from 8 kVA (kilovoltamperes) to 3000 kVA, preferably from 100 kVA to 2000 kVA, and in a particularly preferred way from 250 kVA to 1500 kVA.
  • 8 kVA kilovoltamperes
  • a second object of the invention relates to an electrically conductive cable comprising one or more insulated electrically conductive elements as previously described.
  • the voltage, current, power and frequency values described for the insulated electrically conductive element also apply for the electrically conductive cable.
  • the electrical cable may include a metal screen forming electromagnetic shielding.
  • the metallic screen can be placed around the second semi-conductive layer.
  • the metal screen can be placed around all of the electrically conductive insulated elements.
  • the metallic screen can be a so-called “wired” screen, composed of a set of conductors based on copper or aluminum, arranged around the second semi-conducting layer or around all the insulated electrically conducting elements; a so-called “taped” screen composed of one or more conductive metal tapes placed in a helix around the second semi-conductor layer or around all of the insulated electrically conductive elements; a so-called “sealed” screen of metal tube type surrounding the second semiconductor layer or all of the insulated electrically conductive elements; or a so-called “braided” screen forming a braid around the second semiconductor layer.
  • the metallic screen is preferably "braided”, in particular to give the electrically conductive cable flexibility.
  • All types of metallic screen can play the role of earthing the electric cable and can thus carry fault currents, for example in the event of a short-circuit in the network concerned.
  • the electrically conductive cable may include a protective sheath.
  • the protective sheath may surround the metal screen.
  • the protective sheath can surround the second semi-conductor layer when the cable comprises a single insulated electrically conductive element, or surround all of the insulated electrically conductive elements when the cable includes several.
  • the protective sheath can be a layer based on polymers such as those described for the electrically insulating layer.
  • the protective sheath can preferably be based on one or more fluorinated polymers (such as, for example, of the PTFE, FEP, PFA and/or ETFE type) and/or polyimide.
  • the protective sheath can be the outermost layer of the cable.
  • the protective sheath can be in the form of a tape, an extrudate or a varnish.
  • an insulated electrically conductive element 1 comprises an elongated electrically conductive element 2, a second semiconductor layer (CSC) 3 surrounding the elongated electrically conductive element 2, an electrically insulating layer (CI) 4 surrounding the first semiconductor layer 3 and a first semiconductor layer (CSC) 5 surrounding said electrically insulating layer.
  • CSC second semiconductor layer
  • CI electrically insulating layer
  • CSC first semiconductor layer
  • the second semiconductor layer 3 has a thickness e 2 and the first semiconductor layer 5 has a thickness e 1 .
  • the electrically insulating layer 3 has a thickness ei determined according to one embodiment of the invention and which is greater than the sum: e 1 + e 2 .
  • the second semiconductor layer 3, the electrically insulating layer 4 and the first semiconductor layer 5 constitute a three-layer insulation system, which means that the electrically insulating layer 4 is in direct physical contact with the second semiconductor layer 3, and the first semiconductor layer 3 is in direct physical contact with the electrically insulating layer 4.
  • the elongated electrically conductive element 2 is formed by 37 copper strands covered with a layer of nickel and thus has a diameter of 12 AWG (“American Wire Gauge”).
  • the first and the second semiconductor layers 3 and 5 as well as the insulating layer 4 are formed by PFA.
  • the picture 2 shows an electrically conductive cable 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention comprising a single insulated electrically conductive element 1 surrounded by a metal screen 16 of the “braided” type made of nickel-plated copper.
  • the metal screen 16 is surrounded by a protective sheath 17 which is the outermost layer of the cable 10 and which is based on PFA.
  • the picture 3 shows an electrically conductive cable 20 according to a first embodiment of the invention comprising three insulated electrically conductive elements 1, 1' and 1" according to the invention.
  • the three insulated electrically conductive elements are identical, however , according to another possible embodiment, they may be different.They may differ in particular by the thickness of the semiconducting layers and of the insulating layer.
  • the assembly formed by the three insulated electrically conductive elements 1, 1' and 1" is surrounded by a metal screen 16 of the braided type.
  • the metal screen 16 is surrounded by a protective sheath 17 which is the outermost layer of the cable 10 and which is based on PFA
  • the electrically conductive cable 20 also comprises spaces 25 which include air.
  • the electrically conductive cable 10 according to the first embodiment and devoid of the protective sheath 17 of the invention is prepared by coextrusion of the three-layer insulation system around the elongated electrically conductive element 2, the three-layer insulation system being formed by the first semiconductor layer 3, the electrically insulating layer 4 and the second semiconductor layer 5.
  • the metal screen 16 is then placed around the second semiconductor layer.
  • the electrically elongated conductor 2 is formed by 37 copper strands and covered with a layer of nickel according to European standard EN 2083.
  • the first semiconductor layer is formed from a polymer blend A comprising at least 60% by weight of copolymer perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) relative to the total weight of the polymer mixture, marketed under the reference S185.1 B by the company PolyOne.
  • PFA copolymer perfluoroalkoxy
  • the electrically insulating layer is formed from a second polymer blend B comprising at least 95% by weight of perfluoroalkoxy copolymer (PFA) relative to the total weight of the polymer blend, marketed under the reference AP-210 by the company DAIKIN.
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy copolymer
  • the second semiconductor layer is formed from a third polymer blend C comprising 60% by weight of perfluoroalkoxy copolymer (PFA) relative to the total weight of the polymer blend, marketed under the reference S185.1 B by the company PolyOne.
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy copolymer
  • the polymer mixtures A, B and C were each introduced into one of the three extruders of the three-layer coextrusion and extruded around the elongated electrically conductive element 2 with a temperature profile ranging from 320° C. to 380° C., the speed of rotation of the screws of these three extruders being regulated between 5 and 100 revolutions per minute.
  • the cable 10 comprises a second semi-conducting layer 3 which is directly in contact with the electrically insulating layer and the inside diameter d1 of the electrically insulating layer is equal to the outside diameter of the second semi-conducting layer 3 .
  • This cable is designed for an operating voltage of 10 kV peak .
  • Cable 10 of example 1 will be compared with cables 2 to 6 in which the three-layer insulation system is replaced by the insulation indicated in table 1, the electrically conductive element being identical to that of cable 10.
  • Table 1 No. Insulation Polymer Thickness (mm) Diameter (mm) 2 CI, banded superimposed PTFE 0.42 3.0 3 CI, banded edge to edge PTFE 0.42 3.0 4 CI, extruded AFP 0.42 3.0 5 CI1, extruded AFP 0.15 2.45 CI2, extruded AFP 1.62 5.70 6 CSC1, banded AFP (1) 0.12 2.39 CI, banded AFP 0.40 3.19 CSC2, banded AFP (1) 0.12 3.43 (1) Includes electrically conductive loads
  • the cables of examples 1 to 6 are then subjected to a partial discharge test according to standard EN 3475-307 Method B. During this test the voltage is increased in steps of 50V until the appearance of discharges and the partial discharge onset voltage (known as “Partial Discharge Inception Voltage” or PDIV). Then the voltage is reduced until partial discharges disappear and the partial discharge extinction voltage (known as “Partial Discharge Extinction Voltage” or PDEV) is noted.
  • PDIV Partial Discharge Inception Voltage
  • PDEV Partial Discharge Extinction Voltage
  • the cable 10 according to the invention makes it possible to increase the voltage to a value of at least 10 kV without partial discharges appearing.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
EP21194924.3A 2020-09-04 2021-09-03 Elektrisches kabel für die luftfahrtindustrie Pending EP3965123A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2008987A FR3113978A1 (fr) 2020-09-04 2020-09-04 Câble électrique pour le domaine de l’aéronautique

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EP3965123A1 true EP3965123A1 (de) 2022-03-09

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EP (1) EP3965123A1 (de)
CN (1) CN114141407A (de)
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3165992A1 (fr) * 2024-09-03 2026-03-06 Safran Electrical Components Gaine de protection pour harnais protege

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1042763B1 (de) * 1997-12-22 2003-05-21 PIRELLI S.p.A. Elektrisches kabel mit eine halbleitende wasserblockierende expandierte schicht
US20110209895A1 (en) * 2009-02-05 2011-09-01 Swcc Showa Cable Systems Co., Ltd. Cable for high-voltage electronic device
US20140224521A1 (en) * 2013-02-12 2014-08-14 Nexans Electrical cable resistant to partial discharges
US20200051713A1 (en) * 2017-02-16 2020-02-13 Ls Cable & System Ltd. Power cable

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2979032B1 (fr) * 2011-08-09 2013-07-26 Nexans Cable electrique resistant aux decharges partielles
CN109416145A (zh) * 2016-05-10 2019-03-01 恩文特服务有限责任公司 用于高电压集肤效应追踪加热的屏蔽的导线

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1042763B1 (de) * 1997-12-22 2003-05-21 PIRELLI S.p.A. Elektrisches kabel mit eine halbleitende wasserblockierende expandierte schicht
US20110209895A1 (en) * 2009-02-05 2011-09-01 Swcc Showa Cable Systems Co., Ltd. Cable for high-voltage electronic device
US20140224521A1 (en) * 2013-02-12 2014-08-14 Nexans Electrical cable resistant to partial discharges
US20200051713A1 (en) * 2017-02-16 2020-02-13 Ls Cable & System Ltd. Power cable

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3165992A1 (fr) * 2024-09-03 2026-03-06 Safran Electrical Components Gaine de protection pour harnais protege
WO2026052910A1 (fr) * 2024-09-03 2026-03-12 Safran Electrical Components Gaine de protection pour harnais protege

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20220084718A1 (en) 2022-03-17
FR3113978A1 (fr) 2022-03-11
CN114141407A (zh) 2022-03-04
US12412679B2 (en) 2025-09-09

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