EP3971484B1 - Procédé de production d'eau chaude dans un bâtiment, installation de production d'eau chaude et dispositif de commande d'une installation de production d'eau chaude - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'eau chaude dans un bâtiment, installation de production d'eau chaude et dispositif de commande d'une installation de production d'eau chaude Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3971484B1
EP3971484B1 EP21181483.5A EP21181483A EP3971484B1 EP 3971484 B1 EP3971484 B1 EP 3971484B1 EP 21181483 A EP21181483 A EP 21181483A EP 3971484 B1 EP3971484 B1 EP 3971484B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hot water
heat
temperature
heating
heat source
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EP21181483.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3971484A1 (fr
Inventor
Dr. Daniel Ghebru
Dr. Arne Kähler
Dr. Jochen Ohl
Alfons Schuck
Hans-Jürgen Schulz
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Techem Energy Services GmbH
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Techem Energy Services GmbH
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Publication of EP3971484A1 publication Critical patent/EP3971484A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1063—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water counting of energy consumption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0026—Domestic hot-water supply systems with conventional heating means
    • F24D17/0031—Domestic hot-water supply systems with conventional heating means with accumulation of the heated water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1081—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water counting of energy consumption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for preparing hot water in a building according to the preamble of claim 1, a hot water preparation system used for this purpose, in particular a central one, with a heat source, a heat storage unit and a charging circuit for transferring heat from the heat source to the heat storage unit and a heating circuit connected to the heat source according to the preamble of claim 9, and a control device for this according to the preamble of claim 15.
  • the hot water is heated in a heating phase in which heat is transferred from the heat source to the heat storage unit and in which the heat source generates heat at least temporarily.
  • the hot water is typically heated in the heat storage unit and kept there ready for consumers. For this purpose, the heated water can be kept ready directly in the heat storage unit, i.e.
  • the heat storage tank can also be a buffer tank that is used to prepare hot water, for example the heat storage tank of a fresh water station or a hygiene storage tank that stores heated heating water and in which the hot water is heated using the flow-through principle.
  • the hot water preparation can be combined with room heating or can be independent.
  • the buildings can be residential or commercial buildings, for example.
  • the term "heat” is understood in this text as thermal energy, in particular in the sense of a heated heat carrier through which the heat can be transferred from the heat source to the heat storage unit.
  • the heat source of the (in relation to the building) particularly central hot water preparation system can be a boiler, the burner of which generates thermal energy, a Heat pump that increases ambient heat from a low level to a level required for hot water production, a district or local heating station that draws heat energy from a heating network or any other facility that is suitable for heating a heat carrier, such as a solar collector.
  • Providing heat through the heat source is also referred to in this text as generating heat and is intended to expressly include cases in which the heat is not generated by an active process but is made available by the heat source, e.g.
  • the heat in the heat source can therefore be generated by converting final energy (e.g. by burning oil, gas, pellets in a boiler or cogeneration plant, by electrical heating, by a heat pump that increases environmental heat from a low level to a level required for hot water preparation, or by similar processes of converting an energy source into heat) or by drawing from a district or local heating network (via a district or local heating station).
  • final energy e.g. by burning oil, gas, pellets in a boiler or cogeneration plant, by electrical heating, by a heat pump that increases environmental heat from a low level to a level required for hot water preparation, or by similar processes of converting an energy source into heat
  • drawing from a district or local heating network via a district or local heating station.
  • the charging circuit is usually a charging circuit that connects the heat source with the heat storage unit and that transfers the heat carrier heated in the heat source (also referred to as the heating medium, usually water) to the heat storage unit by means of a conveying device.
  • the heat is therefore transferred through the charging circuit, in particular by circulating the heat carrier in the charging circuit. Circulation can occur due to thermal differences in the charging circuit.
  • active circulation of the heat carrier takes place, e.g. by means of a circulation pump. This active heat transfer can then be stopped by ending the active circulation, e.g. by switching off the circulation pump or closing a valve to prevent the circulation of the heat carrier.
  • the heat carrier can simply be a liquid, e.g. water.
  • a heat exchanger can be provided in the charging circuit, for example, which has a first area through which the heated heat transfer medium flows (primary side) and a second area with the water to be heated (secondary side), wherein the second area surrounds the first area at least in sections or there is a contact surface between the second and first areas.
  • the water to be heated also flows through the secondary side of the heat exchanger. The heat is therefore transferred from the heat transfer medium to the water to be heated through the heat exchanger.
  • the invention is also independent of the type and function of the heat transfer, i.e. the transfer of heat or thermal energy from the heat source to the heat storage unit.
  • the temperature of the hot water in a building is usually measured at a central point in the heat storage tank and regulated by a controller.
  • the control for heating the storage tank contents i.e. for hot water preparation, then works in such a way that there is a lower and an upper setpoint for the setpoint of the hot water.
  • the water temperature measured in the storage tank should always be between these two values: as soon as the lower setpoint is undershot, the heating process starts, which ends as soon as the upper setpoint is reached.
  • the setting options for the two setpoints can vary depending on the controller used: Often only the upper setpoint is set on the controller. The lower setpoint results from an offset stored in the controller (for example -5 K). In some cases, this offset can also be configured on the controller. Another setting method is to select an average value on the controller. The upper setpoint is then the result of the set average value and a positive offset (for example +2.5 K), the lower setpoint is the result of the set average value and a negative offset (for example -2.5 K).
  • the heat storage contents are heated in the charging circuit, as already described and basically also used according to the invention, either via a heat exchanger arranged directly in the storage tank or via an external heat exchanger, through which heating water flows on the primary side and storage water to be heated on the secondary side.
  • the heating process therefore starts when the charging circuit is started.
  • a storage charging pump (circulation pump) can be switched on or - particularly in combination with a heating system - a two-way valve can be operated.
  • the two-way valve directs the heating water towards the heat storage instead of towards the room heating, whereby intermediate positions of the two-way valve are also possible if necessary, which allow the available heat to be distributed towards the heat storage and room heating.
  • Another option is common in smaller heating systems and/or in combination with a room heating system, in which a direct, unmixed heating circuit is operated.
  • the setpoint for the flow temperature of the heat generator or the district heating transfer station is raised to a value that is sufficient to heat the storage tank contents, and the heating circuit is switched off during this time.
  • the heating process is terminated and the setpoint of the heat generator or the district heating transfer station (hence the heat source) in a system combined with the space heating is returned to the value required for space heating. reduced.
  • the heat generator is switched off or - in the case of district heating - the supply of district heating is stopped and a charging phase is ended.
  • the circulation of the heated heat carrier in the charging circuit can be maintained for the duration of a follow-up phase in order to charge residual heat from the boiler and pipes into the heat storage unit and thus still use it.
  • the duration of such a run-on phase is either permanently stored in the controller or can be configured and is, for example, 3 minutes. Even if this value is configurable, the run-on phase has a fixed value after the hot water preparation system has been set up or put into operation, which is the same for each heating process of the storage tank. A disadvantage of this usual procedure is that the run-on phase is not adapted to the conditions of the existing heating system.
  • the heat capacity on the heating side which is determined by the water volume in the boiler and pipes and the other heat-storing materials (pipes, heat exchangers in the boiler) as well as the temperature level reached, there is still an excess amount of heat in the heat storage tank when the target value is reached, which could be released to the heat storage tank contents during the run-on phase. If the run-on phase is too short, part of this amount of heat remains unused. If the run-on phase is too long, for example in conjunction with a room heater and hot water priority circuit, this can lead to the heating circuit not being supplied with heat for an unnecessarily long time. In addition, if the run-on phase is too long, the storage tank can be partially discharged by the now cooler heating water.
  • a further disadvantage is that the actual heating process is terminated when the target temperature is reached and the heat storage content during the run-on phase is further heated. This causes unwanted overheating of the storage tank contents, which in turn leads to increased supply losses.
  • the DE 44 44 987 C1 describes a method for controlling the heating of domestic water in a heating system according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein the burner is switched off at a switch-off temperature below the domestic water target temperature by a controller which automatically determines the difference to a switch-off temperature based on the set domestic water target temperature.
  • the temperature increase can be determined in a usual follow-up time and the switch-off time can be automatically set based on this value.
  • Another option provides for determining the amount of heat still required by the domestic water and the amount still to be made available by the boiler water, and calculating the switch-off temperature from this.
  • Yet another option provides for constantly determining during the recharging phase by how many Kelvin the domestic water temperature can still be increased in order to determine the limit temperature for switching off the burner.
  • the task is to make optimal use of the heat generated during hot water preparation or to achieve the desired heating of the water for hot water preparation with the lowest possible energy input and thus a high degree of utilization, whereby a particularly smooth transition from operation of the heat source for hot water preparation to operation of the heat source for building heating should be achieved.
  • the proposed methods provide in particular that in the heating phase the heat transfer of heat present in the heat source takes place in a charging phase during heat generation by the heat source and/or in a follow-up phase after the heat generation of the heat source is switched off until the heat generated in the heat source has been transferred as completely as possible to the heat storage device, and/or that the heat generation by the heat source is switched off in a charging phase before a preset hot water target temperature T WW , target is reached in the heat storage device.
  • the charging phase is the part of the heating phase (period) in which heat is transferred (e.g. through active circulation of the heat carrier in the charging circuit) and the heat source generates heat.
  • the heat source can also generate heat intermittently, ie the heat generation by the heat source is alternately switched on and off. In a boiler, this process is also called "cycling".
  • the run-on phase is understood to be a part of the heating phase in which heat transfer is still taking place (e.g. through active circulation of the heat transfer medium in the charging circuit), but the heat source is no longer generating heat (i.e. after the heat source is switched off during a heating phase or the last time it is switched off in cyclical operation).
  • the run-on phase therefore follows the charging phase directly or indirectly, with heated heat transfer medium from the charging phase still being present in the charging circuit during the run-on phase.
  • the run-on phase can follow the charging phase indirectly if, for example, a break is inserted after the charging phase before the run-on phase begins.
  • both heat generation e.g. by switching off the burner or an external heat supply
  • heat transfer e.g. by switching off a circulation pump or otherwise preventing the circulation of the heat transfer medium
  • heat remains stored in the heat transfer medium in the charging circuit and can still be transferred later in the run-on phase.
  • the most complete possible transfer of the generated heat to the heat storage device is achieved in particular when the temperature of the heat carrier heated in the heat source and the temperature in the heat storage device have equalized to such an extent that no significant energy transfer takes place due to a thermodynamic equilibrium that has at least almost been achieved.
  • generated heat is understood to mean only the heat that can be transferred in the hot water preparation system. Heat losses that necessarily occur or are unavoidable (supply losses, e.g. due to radiation of generated heat in the hot water preparation system during normal operation and/or due to the system structure) are not considered to be generated heat in this sense, because the unavoidable heat losses are not available for heat transfer during normal operation.
  • the charging circuit determines the current heat output Q ⁇ currently being delivered by the charging circuit and to end heat transfer when the current heat output Q ⁇ currently falls below a defined (i.e. configurable) threshold value. Ending heat transfer always also ends heat generation in the heat source. It thus ends the heating phase by switching off the charging phase or the run-on phase, depending on which of the phases is currently active. This will usually be the run-on phase. If the temperature of the heat carrier heated in the heat source and the temperature in the water tank also equalize in the charging phase to such an extent that heat transfer no longer takes place, the charging phase may also be active.
  • the energy input required for hot water preparation can also be reduced according to the invention by switching off or turning off the heat generation by a heat source in the charging phase before the preset hot water target temperature T WW , Soll is reached in the heat storage tank.
  • This measure also uses the heat already generated by the heat source and stored in the heat source or the charging circuit to heat the water in the heat storage tank after the heat source has been switched off.
  • a switch-off temperature T WW , Soll can be set for the hot water temperature T WW measured in the heat storage tank, which is lower than the hot water target temperature T WW , Soll and when reached, heat generation is stopped, i.e. the heat source is switched off.
  • this criterion can be described as follows: T WW , out of ⁇ T WW , Should
  • the hot water target temperature T WW , Soll is only reached after the heat generation by the heat source is switched off, in that the heat already generated is used to further heat the water in the heat storage tank after the heat source is switched off.
  • a suitable switch-off temperature T WW , aus can be determined empirically.
  • the two measures described reduce the energy input during hot water preparation by making better and more complete use of the heat generated by the heat source.
  • the target temperature is only reached with the residual heat available in the system.
  • the supply losses are thus reduced because the radiation losses and distribution losses in the building increase when the temperature of the storage tank contents is higher (than the target temperature).
  • the dimensioning of the run-on phase so that the heat energy remaining in the heat generator and piping system is released as completely as possible into the heat storage tank avoids a loss of heat energy to the environment during the standstill phase.
  • the charging phase or run-on phase is terminated when a current heat output Q ⁇ delivered in the charging circuit is currently smaller (or smaller than or equal to, which is intended to be covered by the wording "smaller") of a weighted average heat output during previous charging phases or run-on phases.
  • Heat sources with a charging circuit often have a heat meter which records, for example, the flow temperature T VL and the return temperature T RL in the charging circuit as well as the mass flow in the charging circuit and from this determines the current heat output Q ⁇ currently in the charging circuit that is delivered in the heat circuit. This can often be queried.
  • the values of the current heat output Q ⁇ currently can be recorded and average values Q ⁇ MW of the heat output Q ⁇ delivered during previous charging phases and/or follow-up phases can be determined. These average values can be determined in each charging phase and/or follow-up phase, for example as moving averages over a certain period of time or a certain number of hot water preparations carried out, and are thus continuously updated.
  • the weighting can be formed by a factor a , with which the mean value Q ⁇ MW is multiplied, whereby the factor a can preferably be selected to be configurable and variable in the value range 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.
  • the factor a specifies (as a weighting) a ratio of the current heat output to the mean value Q ⁇ MW .
  • the following condition can apply or be queried as a condition for terminating the heat transfer: Q ⁇ current ⁇ a ⁇ Q ⁇ MW
  • Q ⁇ current is the currently registered (ie recorded) heat output in the charging circuit
  • Q ⁇ MW is the average heat output in previous heating phases, charging phases or run-on phases
  • the factor a is a defined value for the quotient of the current Current heat output Q ⁇ and average heat output Q ⁇ MW , through which the switching off of heat transfer is triggered or occurs depending on the average value.
  • a possible value for the factor a can be 0.1, ie 10% of the average heat output Q ⁇ MW .
  • the temperature profile of the flow temperature T VL in the charging circuit and the temperature profile of the return temperature T RL in the charging circuit and/or the hot water temperature T WW in the heat storage unit are recorded and the heat transfer is switched off if the difference between the flow temperature T VL and the return temperature T RL and/or the flow temperature T VL and the hot water temperature T WW is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold value.
  • this condition can be formulated as follows: T VL ⁇ T RL ⁇ ⁇ T Load , min or T VL ⁇ T WW ⁇ ⁇ T VL , min , where T VL is the flow temperature in the charging circuit, T RL is the return temperature in the charging circuit.
  • the threshold value for the difference between the flow temperature and the return temperature in the charging circuit is ⁇ T L ⁇ d , min , which specifies a minimum spread in the charging circuit for switching off the heat transfer (e.g. 1K).
  • the threshold value for the difference between the flow temperature in the charging circuit and the hot water temperature in the charging storage tank is ⁇ T VL , min , which specifies a minimum excess temperature of the charging circuit compared to the storage tank temperature for switching off the heat transfer (e.g. 3K).
  • ⁇ T VL , min which specifies a minimum excess temperature of the charging circuit compared to the storage tank temperature for switching off the heat transfer (e.g. 3K).
  • the hot water temperature T WW in the heat storage tank is only identical to the hot water temperature of the water that can be drawn off if the heat storage tank is designed as a hot water storage tank in which the hot water is stored after heating until it is drawn off.
  • the hot water temperature T WW in the heat storage tank is strictly speaking the medium temperature of the heat medium in the heat storage tank, which defines the temperature of the hot water when it has flowed through the continuous flow heater. This medium temperature in the heat storage tank therefore determines the hot water temperature, so that in this text they are also referred to as hot water temperatures T WW .
  • a temperature profile can also be determined relatively easily by subsequently installing temperature sensors, if no suitable heat meter is available in the heat source or the charging circuit or if its values cannot be read by a computing unit or regulation or control of the hot water preparation system.
  • the temperature profiles of a flow temperature T VL in the charging circuit and a flow temperature in the heating circuit T HK are recorded according to the invention, and the heat transfer is switched off if the difference between the flow temperature T VL in the heat storage and the flow temperature T HK in the heating circuit is less than (or less than or equal to) a predetermined threshold value.
  • T VL ⁇ T HK ⁇ ⁇ T VL ⁇ HK , min T HK is the flow temperature in the heating circuit (in the case of several heating circuits: in particular the highest flow temperature of all heating circuits) and the threshold value ⁇ T VL-HK , min for switching off the charging circuit is the minimum excess temperature of the flow temperature in the charging circuit or the flow temperature in the heat source compared to T HK (e.g. 2K).
  • the threshold value ⁇ T VL-HK , min is also preferably configurable and variable according to the invention.
  • This criterion ensures a particularly smooth transition from operation of the heating system or heat source for hot water preparation to operation of the heating system or heat source for building heating, because when this condition is met, the flow temperature of the heat source exactly matches a flow temperature in the heating circuit (or its setpoint).
  • the heat preparation phase (heating phase) then transitions seamlessly into a phase of building heating operation.
  • the heat transfer is switched off or turned off if one of the criteria described above is met, ie T VL ⁇ T RL ⁇ ⁇ T Load , min or T VL ⁇ T WW ⁇ ⁇ T VL , min
  • the switching off of heat generation proposed according to the invention can preferably take place precisely when the heat stored in the heat source and the charging circuit during the charging phase, ie the residual heat stored in the system, is just or exactly sufficient to reach the hot water target temperature T WW , target without any further heat supply. This minimizes the energy input required for hot water preparation and thus optimizes energy efficiency.
  • the expert can easily find other possibilities for adaptive adjustment of the switch-off temperature T WW , from within the scope of his specialist knowledge.
  • the switch-off temperature T WW from is thus iteratively optimized through iterative application in successive hot water preparation processes.
  • An average value of several previous differential temperatures ⁇ T can also be used as the differential temperature ⁇ T , for example to smooth out outliers and give them a smaller weight.
  • the switch-off temperature T WW By re-determining the switch-off temperature T WW , from after each hot water preparation process or at predetermined intervals, e.g. every n-th hot water preparation process or after a certain number of days, the switch-off temperature T WW , from behaves adaptively and adjusts automatically to changed operating conditions.
  • the temperature of the heat storage tank T WW during the first charging phase which ends when T WW , target is reached and the associated switch-off of the heat source, and - for reasons explained below - optionally the flow temperature in the charging circuit can be observed.
  • the maximum heat storage temperature T WW , max reached is determined, which is then used to adapt the switch-off temperature T WW , off the next time hot water is prepared.
  • An optimization of the process can consist in taking the actual flow temperature into account and in using its value to determine the switch-off point or the switch-off temperature T WW , aus . This takes into account the fact that the flow temperature of the heat source does not have to be constant. If the flow temperature is lower than average, the switch-off temperature T WW , aus is slightly increased and vice versa.
  • the flow temperature of the heat source T VL can advantageously be recorded during the charging phases and an average value, e.g. a moving average over a predetermined number of several hot water preparations, can be calculated.
  • the invention also relates to a hot water preparation system according to the preamble of claim 9.
  • the control device which in particular comprises a computing unit, is designed according to the invention to carry out the method described above.
  • the hot water preparation system has a flow temperature sensor for measuring the flow temperature in the charging circuit, and can also have a return temperature sensor for measuring the return temperature in the charging circuit and/or a heat meter for determining the amount of heat released in the charging circuit.
  • the charging circuit is a closed circuit between the heat source and the heat storage tank in which the heat transfer medium circulates, the flow of the charging circuit being the branch of the charging circuit in which heat transfer medium heated in the heat source is fed to the heat storage tank and the return of the charging circuit being the branch of the charging circuit in which the heat transfer medium is returned to the heat source after the heat has been released in the heat storage tank.
  • a circulation pump also referred to as a storage tank charging pump, can be provided for the circulation of the heat transfer medium in the charging circuit.
  • the hot water preparation system can also have a hot water temperature sensor for measuring the hot water temperature in the heat storage tank.
  • the heat storage tank can be designed in particular as a hot water storage tank or buffer tank for an instantaneous water heater.
  • the control device is preferably connected directly or indirectly to the flow temperature sensor, the return temperature sensor, the heat meter, the circulation pump and/or the hot water temperature sensor.
  • the control device is directly connected to the components mentioned and can access their measured values.
  • the control device controls the entire hot water preparation system, including basic control of the hot water preparation system or the charging circuit, i.e. in particular the control of the flow temperature in the charging circuit, the switching on and off of the heat source and/or the switching on and off of the circulation pump, and the optimization implemented within the framework of the method proposed according to the invention.
  • control device proposed according to the invention and designed to carry out the method has an interface (in particular a communication interface) to a controller for basic control of the hot water preparation system.
  • the control device can apply control commands to the controller for carrying out the method according to the invention and retrieve measured values from temperature sensors, in particular from the hot water temperature sensor.
  • the access to components mediated by the controller is meant to be an indirect access of the control device to the components.
  • control device is connected at least directly to the flow temperature sensor for measuring the flow temperature in the charging circuit, the return temperature sensor for measuring the return temperature in the charging circuit and/or the heat meter for determining the amount of heat emitted in the charging circuit.
  • the method proposed according to the invention can be carried out using the measured values of these components, depending on the suitable combination of devices and the design of the method. Control commands and measured values of other Components can then be sent to and/or received from the controller via the interface.
  • the controller is preferably connected to a circulation pump in the charging circuit in order to switch the circulation of the heat carrier in the charging circuit and thus the heat transfer on and off by switching the circulation pump on and off.
  • the controller is set up to issue corresponding control commands to the circulation pump, e.g. by switching a power supply on and off or by a bus control.
  • the controller can also be connected to the hot water temperature sensor to measure the hot water temperature in the heat storage tank in order to read out the current hot water temperature. These are measurement data and control commands for controlling the hot water preparation, as already described at the beginning. These are usually required and used by a controller for the basic control of a hot water system, whereby the controller also switches the heat source on and off as required.
  • the controller is also connected to the heat source or integrated into it.
  • control device can be connected to the circulation pump and the hot water temperature sensor.
  • the control device can then directly access the measured values of the hot water temperature sensor and control the circulation pump directly by switching it on and off.
  • the interface is then connected to the controller in order to switch the heat source on and off as required by the controller.
  • control device has a control input that is connected to a control output of the controller for connection to the circulation pump, and has a measured value output that is set up to a measured value input of the controller for connection to the hot water temperature sensor.
  • the control device can then not only read the measured value of the hot water temperature sensor, but also output a simulation value to the controller on the measured value output and thus the Influence the controller so that the method according to the invention is carried out, in particular the heat source is switched off.
  • the simulation value must output a simulation value that corresponds to the preset hot water target temperature T WW , Soll when the switch-off temperature T WW , off is reached in the heat storage tank, measured by the hot water temperature sensor.
  • the controller then switches the heat source off, ie it ends the charging phase.
  • the control device can then control the run-on phase directly via the directly connected circulation pump by switching it on and off, independently of the signal output at the control output of the controller.
  • At least one heating circuit can be connected to the hot water preparation system, via which the heat transfer medium is fed to the building heating surfaces.
  • a flow of the heating circuit is connected to the flow of the charging circuit and a return of the heating circuit is connected to a return of the charging circuit, whereby the flow and the return of the heating circuit are connected via a mixing valve in order to regulate the flow temperature in the heating circuit T HK .
  • a heating circuit flow temperature sensor can be provided in the flow of the heating circuit for this purpose.
  • a control device for a hot water preparation system with an interface and a computing unit according to the preamble of claim 15 is described.
  • the interface has a first control connection for connection to a heat source and a second control connection for connection to a circulation pump in the charging circuit of a hot water system and/or a communication connection for connection to a controller for basic control of the hot water preparation system and a first sensor connection for connection to a heat meter, to a flow temperature sensor in the charging circuit, to a heating circuit flow temperature sensor and to a return temperature sensor in the charging circuit.
  • the computing unit of the control device is set up to carry out the method described above.
  • This control device can be easily connected to existing hot water preparation systems using the interface provided, allowing the energy-efficient hot water preparation proposed according to the invention to be retrofitted to existing systems.
  • a second sensor connection to a hot water temperature sensor can be connected indirectly to the hot water temperature sensor via the controller or directly.
  • the control device according to the invention can, as already described in connection with another embodiment of the invention, have a control input that is connected to a control output of the controller for connection to the circulation pump, and have a measured value output that is set up to a measured value input of the controller for connection to the hot water temperature sensor.
  • the above-described (separate) control device connected to a above-described hot water preparation system, also forms a hot water preparation system within the meaning of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 to 5 different embodiments of hot water preparation systems 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e are shown, each of which has control devices 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50e.
  • the control devices 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50e each have a computing unit (not shown) which is set up to carry out methods according to the invention for preparing hot water in a building.
  • Various aspects of the methods according to the invention are illustrated using graphs according to Fig. 8 to Fig. 10 explained.
  • Fig.5 a water treatment plant 1e according to the invention with a connected heating circuit 20
  • Fig.9 a corresponding curve graph according to the invention with a heating circuit flow temperature THK.
  • the remaining figures show partial aspects of the invention according to preferred embodiments.
  • the trend graphs according to Fig.6 and Fig.7 show processes for hot water preparation according to the company's internal state of the art.
  • the hot water preparation system 1a shown comprises a heat source 2, a heat accumulator 3 and a charging circuit 4 for transferring heat from the heat source 2 to the heat accumulator 3.
  • the charging circuit 4 is a closed circuit between the heat source 2 and the heat accumulator 3, in which a heat transfer medium, e.g. water, circulates.
  • the heat transfer medium is heated in the heat source 2 and fed from the heat source 2 to the heat accumulator 3 via a flow line 5 of the charging circuit 4 and returned to the heat source 2 in a return line 6 of the charging circuit 4 after the heat has been released in the heat accumulator 3.
  • a heat exchanger (not shown) is provided in the heat accumulator 3, via which water in the heat accumulator 3 is heated.
  • Cold water is fed to the heat accumulator via a cold water inlet 7 and heated to a desired temperature in the heat accumulator 3 and stored for a longer period of time.
  • the heat storage tank 3 is not a continuous flow heater, but is used to heat and store hot water for a longer period of time, which can be drawn from the heat storage tank at any time. Consumers can then use a distribution line 8 to draw hot water from the heat storage tank 3 as needed, for example by drawing water from a water tap.
  • the hot water temperature can be measured by a hot water temperature sensor 9.
  • the circulation of the heat transfer medium in the charging circuit 4 is achieved by a circulation pump 10 which can be switched on and off.
  • the hot water preparation system 1a is controlled by a control device 50a belonging to the hot water preparation system 1a.
  • the control device comprises a Fig.1 not shown separately, which in this embodiment coincides with the control device 50a.
  • the functions of the controller 11a (or the control device 50a in this embodiment) include the basic control of the hot water preparation system 1a with the
  • the control device 50a is provided with an interface (not shown in detail) which has a first control connection for connection to the heat source 2 and a second control connection for connection to the circulation pump 10 in the charging circuit 4 as well as a second sensor connection to the hot water sensor 9. All connections in this embodiment are shown as dashed lines, which can symbolize both a cable connection and a wireless connection.
  • the (not shown) computing unit of the control device 50a is set up to carry out the method according to the invention, which was already described in detail at the beginning and will be briefly described again later using graphs.
  • the interface of the control device has a first sensor connection, which is connected to a heat meter 12 and a flow temperature sensor 13 in order to obtain further measured values required for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • Other embodiments provide a flow temperature sensor 13 and a return temperature sensor 14 instead of the combination of heat meter 12 and flow temperature sensor 13 described here. This combination can be exchanged between the embodiments as desired.
  • the Fig.2 shown embodiment of hot water preparation system 1b and control device 50b of the previously described embodiment basically similar.
  • the essential difference is that the controller 11b for basic control is directly assigned to the heat source 2 and is directly connected to the circulation pump 10 and the hot water temperature sensor 9.
  • the control device 50b set up to carry out the method according to the invention is connected to the controller via a communication connection 15 and indirectly via this to the circulation pump 10 and the hot water temperature sensor 9.
  • the control device 50b is therefore provided separately from the controller 11b.
  • the hot water preparation system 1c in Fig.3 corresponds to the hot water preparation system 1b from Fig.2 with the difference that instead of the heat meter 12 in the return 6 of the charging circuit 4, a return temperature sensor 14 is provided on the return 6, analogous to the flow temperature sensor 13 on the flow 5 of the charging circuit 4.
  • the design of the hot water preparation system 1d in Fig.4 differs from the hot water system 1c ( Fig.3 ) in that the control device 50d cannot be connected to the controller 11d, ie there is no communication connection between the control device 50d and the controller 11d. Instead, it is provided that the control device 50d has a control input which is connected to a control output of the controller 11d for connection 16 to the circulation pump 10, and has a measured value output which is set up to a measured value input of the controller for connection 17 to the hot water temperature sensor 9. The control device 50d is then connected directly to the circulation pump 10 and the hot water temperature sensor 9.
  • the circulation pump 10 and the hot water temperature sensor are separated from the controller 11d and connected directly to the control device 50d.
  • the controller 11d receives the resistance value for the Temperature measurement instead of from the hot water temperature sensor 9 by the control device 50d, which can thereby achieve an early shutdown of the heat source 2 by corresponding simulation of a suitable resistance value.
  • the circulation pump 10 is also controlled directly by the control device 50d, so that the run-on phase can be extended or shortened as required.
  • the hot water preparation system 1e according to the invention shown corresponds to the hot water preparation system 1a according to Fig.1 with the difference that the hot water preparation system 1e is part of a heating system.
  • a heating circuit is connected to the charging circuit 4, via which the heat transfer medium is fed to the building heating surfaces (not shown).
  • a flow 21 of the heating circuit 20 is connected to the flow 5 of the charging circuit 4 and a return 22 of the heating circuit 20 is connected to a return 6 of the charging circuit 4, with the flow 21 and the return 22 of the heating circuit 20 being connected via a mixing valve 23 in order to regulate the flow temperature T HK in the heating circuit 20.
  • a heating circuit flow temperature sensor 24 is provided in the flow 21 of the heating circuit 20.
  • the contents of the heat storage tank 3 heat up even further after the end of the charging phase 101 (switching off the heat source 2).
  • the maximum temperature is reached during the follow-up phase 102; However, this point can only be reached after the end of the run-on phase (after the start of the cooling phase 103). The energy input is not used efficiently.
  • Fig.7 illustrates another problem.
  • the run-on phase 120 is too short to completely release the heat contained in heat source 2 and charging circuit 4 to the heat storage tank contents.
  • the cooling phase 103 begins, in which part of the heat stored in the heat transfer medium (supply temperature and return temperature T RL significantly higher than the hot water temperature T WW ) cools down unused. An unnecessary energy input is used for this.
  • This state can be seen from the fact that the hot water temperature T WW as well as the flow temperature and the return temperature T RL in charging circuit 4 have almost equalized.
  • Different criteria for ending the run-on phase were already explained in detail at the beginning. A similar situation can arise if charging phase 101 is ended under the defined conditions.
  • the run-on phase 102 can be shortened or lengthened compared to the fixed time of a conventional controller, depending on the conditions in the heat source 2 and charging circuit 4 and the operating conditions. In addition, a maximum duration can also be defined in order to avoid undesirably long running times.
  • the corresponding temperature curve results from Fig.10 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de production d'eau chaude dans un bâtiment au moyen d'une installation de production d'eau chaude (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) avec une source de chaleur (2), un accumulateur de chaleur (3), un circuit de charge (4) pour transmettre de la chaleur à partir de la source de chaleur (2) dans l'accumulateur de chaleur (3) et un circuit de chauffage (20) raccordé à la source de chaleur (2) pour le chauffage du bâtiment, sachant que concernant le procédé, le chauffage de l'eau chaude a lieu dans une phase de réchauffage (100), dans laquelle de la chaleur est transmise de la source de chaleur (2) dans l'accumulateur de chaleur (3) et dans laquelle la source de chaleur (2) produit au moins par moments de la chaleur, sachant que la transmission de chaleur de la chaleur présente dans la source de chaleur (2) a lieu dans une phase de charge (101) pendant la production de chaleur par la source de chaleur (2) ou dans une phase de relance (102) après une coupure de la production de chaleur de la source de chaleur (2) jusqu'à ce que la chaleur produite dans la source de chaleur (2) soit transmise dans l'accumulateur de chaleur (3), caractérisé en ce qu 'au moins pendant la phase de charge (101) et/ou la phase de relance (102), les profils de température d'une température d'arrivée (T VL ) dans le circuit de charge (4) et une température d'arrivée (THK ) dans le circuit de chauffage (20) sont saisis et la transmission de chaleur est arrêtée, si la différence entre la température d'arrivée (T VL ) dans le circuit de charge (4) et la température d'arrivée (THK ) dans le circuit de chauffage (20) sont plus faibles qu'une valeur de seuil prédéfinie.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la phase de charge (101) ou la phase de relance (102) est terminée, si une puissance calorifique actuelle dégagée (Qactuelle) dans le circuit de charge (4) est plus faible qu'une puissance calorifique (QMW) moyenne pondérée pendant les phases de charge (101) ou phases de relance (102) précédentes.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins pendant la phase de charge (101) et/ou la phase de relance (102), les profils de température d'une température d'arrivée (T VL ) dans le circuit de charge (4) et d'une température de retour (TRL ) dans le circuit de charge (4) et/ou d'une température d'eau chaude (T WW ) dans l'accumulateur de chaleur (3) sont saisies et la transmission de chaleur est coupée, si les différences entre la température d'arrivée (TVL) et la température de retour (TRL) et/ou la température d'arrivée (TVL) et la température d'eau chaude (T WW ) sont plus faibles qu'une valeur de seuil respectivement prédéfinie.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la production de chaleur par la source de chaleur (2) est coupée dans une phase de charge (101) avant qu'une température théorique d'eau chaude (T WW,théo ) préétablie soit atteinte dans l'accumulateur de chaleur (3).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la production de chaleur est ensuite coupée, lorsque la chaleur accumulée pendant la phase de charge (101) dans la source de chaleur (2) et le circuit de charge (4) est suffisante pour atteindre la température théorique d'eau chaude (T WW,théo ).
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce qu'une température de coupure (T WW,arrêt ) est déterminée pour la coupure de la production de chaleur dans la phase de charge (101) en atteignant la température de coupure (T WW,arrêt ) par une température d'eau chaude (TWW ) mesurée à partir du profil de température de la température d'eau chaude (TWW ) mesurée dans l'accumulateur de chaleur (3) d'une ou plusieurs productions d'eau chaude précédentes.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la production de chaleur par la source de chaleur (2) est coupée dans la phase de charge (101), dès que la température d'eau chaude (TWW ) mesurée dans l'accumulateur de chaleur (3) atteint la température de coupure (T WW ).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que la température d'arrivée effective (T VL ) de la source de chaleur (2) est prise en compte pour la détermination de la température de coupure (T WW,arrêt ).
  9. Installation de production d'eau chaude avec une source de chaleur (2), un accumulateur de chaleur (3), un circuit de charge (4) pour transmettre de la chaleur depuis la source de chaleur (2) dans l'accumulateur de chaleur (3), un circuit de chauffage (20) raccordé à la source de chaleur (2) pour le chauffage du bâtiment, un dispositif de commande (50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50e), un capteur de température d'arrivée (13) pour la mesure de la température d'arrivée (TVL) dans le circuit de charge (4) et un capteur de température d'arrivée de circuit de chauffage (24) prévu dans une arrivée (21) du circuit de chauffage (20), caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de commande (50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50e) est agencé pour exécuter le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.
  10. Installation de production d'eau chaude selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que l'installation de production d'eau chaude (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) comporte un régulateur (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e) pour la commande de base et le dispositif de commande (50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50e) comprend une interface qui peut être reliée au régulateur (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e) pour la commande de base.
  11. Installation de production d'eau chaude selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de commande (50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50e) est raccordé au capteur de température d'arrivée (13) pour la mesure de la température d'arrivée (T VL ) dans le circuit de charge (4), à un capteur de température de retour (14) pour la mesure de la température de retour (TRL) dans le circuit de charge (4) et/ou à un compteur de chaleur (12) pour déterminer la quantité de chaleur évacuée dans le circuit de charge (4).
  12. Installation de production d'eau chaude selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que le régulateur (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e) est raccordé à une pompe de recirculation (10) dans le circuit de charge (4) et à un capteur de température d'eau chaude (9) pour la mesure de la température d'eau chaude (TWW ) dans l'accumulateur de chaleur (3).
  13. Installation de production d'eau chaude selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de commande (50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50e) est raccordé à la pompe de recirculation (10) et au capteur de température d'eau chaude (9).
  14. Installation de production d'eau chaude selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de commande (50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50e) comporte une entrée de commande, qui est raccordée à une sortie de commande du régulateur (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e) pour la liaison avec la pompe de recirculation (10) et comporte une sortie de valeurs de mesure, qui est agencée à une entrée de valeurs de mesure du régulateur (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e) pour la liaison avec le capteur de température d'eau chaude (9).
  15. Dispositif de commande pour une installation de production d'eau chaude (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) avec une interface et une unité de calcul, sachant que l'interface comporte une première connexion de commande pour la liaison à une source de chaleur (2) et une deuxième connexion de commande pour la liaison à une pompe de recirculation (10) dans le circuit de charge (4) d'une installation de production d'eau chaude (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) et/ou une connexion de communication pour la liaison avec un régulateur (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e) pour la commande de base de l'installation de production d'eau chaude (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e), ainsi qu'une première connexion de sonde pour la liaison avec un compteur thermique (12), avec un capteur de température d'arrivée (13) dans le circuit de charge (4), avec un capteur de température d'arrivée de circuit de chauffage (24) prévu dans une arrivée (21) sur la source de chaleur (2) du circuit de chauffage (20) et avec un capteur de température de retour (14) dans le circuit de charge (4), caractérisé en ce que l'unité de calcul du dispositif de commande (50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50e) est agencée pour exécuter le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.
EP21181483.5A 2020-09-16 2021-06-24 Procédé de production d'eau chaude dans un bâtiment, installation de production d'eau chaude et dispositif de commande d'une installation de production d'eau chaude Active EP3971484B1 (fr)

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DE102020124153.4A DE102020124153A1 (de) 2020-09-16 2020-09-16 Verfahren zur Bereitung von Warmwasser in einem Gebäude, Warmwasserbereitungsanlage und Steuereinrichtung für eine Warmwasserbereitungsanlage

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CH667511A5 (de) * 1985-07-02 1988-10-14 Landis & Gyr Ag Regelgeraet fuer eine heizungsanlage mit boiler-vorrangschaltung.
EP0711960A1 (fr) * 1994-11-14 1996-05-15 Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation AG Procédé et dispositif pour chauffer de l'eau sanitaire
DE4444987C1 (de) * 1994-12-16 1996-04-18 Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung der Brauchwasseraufheizung in einer Heizungsanlage
DE10203394B4 (de) 2001-01-31 2016-11-24 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Warmwasserspeichers
DE10244340A1 (de) * 2002-09-24 2004-04-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heizungsanlage für ein Gebäude
DE102010033620A1 (de) 2010-08-06 2012-02-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen eines Fluids in einem Pufferspeicher

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PL3971484T3 (pl) 2025-04-14
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