EP4023864A2 - Unité électrique de chauffage par gaz d'échappement - Google Patents

Unité électrique de chauffage par gaz d'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4023864A2
EP4023864A2 EP21206584.1A EP21206584A EP4023864A2 EP 4023864 A2 EP4023864 A2 EP 4023864A2 EP 21206584 A EP21206584 A EP 21206584A EP 4023864 A2 EP4023864 A2 EP 4023864A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
heating conductor
conductor element
heating
heating unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP21206584.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP4023864B1 (fr
EP4023864A3 (fr
Inventor
Gerd Gaiser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eberspaecher Exhaust Technology GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Purem GmbH
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Publication of EP4023864A3 publication Critical patent/EP4023864A3/fr
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Publication of EP4023864B1 publication Critical patent/EP4023864B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
    • B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
    • B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2255/50—Zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/91—NOx-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
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    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/02—Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
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    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
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    • F01N2330/323—Corrugations of saw-tooth or triangular form
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    • F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust gas heating unit for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, with which, in particular in an initial phase of the operation of an internal combustion engine at a comparatively low exhaust gas temperature or comparatively low temperature of the system areas arranged in the exhaust system for exhaust gas treatment, such as a catalytic converter unit or a particle filter unit, heat can be transferred to exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust system and thus also to system areas arranged downstream of such an exhaust gas heating unit.
  • Such an exhaust gas heating unit can be used in the initial phase of operation of an internal combustion engine to shorten the time it takes for the system areas provided for exhaust gas treatment or to reduce the proportion of pollutants in the exhaust gas to reach a sufficiently high temperature, and thus the pollutant emissions in the initial phase of operation of an internal combustion engine can be reduced.
  • Such an exhaust gas heating unit is from DE 10 2019 107 384 A1 known.
  • This exhaust gas heating unit comprises a sheathed heating conductor with a substantially circular cross-section with a wire-like heating conductor element held in a sheath in an electrically insulated manner.
  • a heat transfer surface element made of bent flat strip material is connected to the jacket, which is made of metal material for example, which has a corrugated structure and is penetrated by the jacket heating conductor in the corrugated surface areas between the wave crests of the corrugated structure and is connected to its jacket for heat transfer.
  • the heat transfer surface element By providing the heat transfer surface element with a wave-like structure, which is arranged in the exhaust gas flow with its front sides essentially orthogonal to a main exhaust gas flow direction and with its width sides essentially parallel to the main exhaust gas flow direction, a large surface area is provided for heat transfer. This surface is increased even further by the fact that the sheathed heating conductor is constructed with the wave-like structure connected to the sheathing of the same Heat transfer surface element has a spirally wound course, so that the wave-like structure of the heat transfer surface element providing a substructure is superimposed on a spiral structure.
  • an exhaust gas heating unit for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine comprising at least one electrically conductive heating element.
  • the at least one electrically conductive heating conductor element through which electric current flows during heating operation, is constructed from bent flat strip material.
  • the heating conductor element through which electric current flows is itself made of bent flat strip material and thus provides a large heat transfer surface around which exhaust gas can flow directly during heating operation.
  • Such a configuration avoids additional components to be heated, such as a jacket or the material insulating such a jacket with respect to the heat conductor element and thus has a significantly lower thermal inertia, since the exhaust gas flows around and thus comes into contact with it and electrical current flows through it
  • Component, ie the heat conductor element is itself designed with a geometry providing a large surface area.
  • the at least one heating conductor element have width sides to be arranged essentially parallel to a main exhaust gas flow direction and end faces to be arranged essentially orthogonally to the main exhaust gas flow direction, and that the width sides of the heating conductor element extend in a width direction in the region is from 10 mm to 20 mm and/or an extension length of the end faces of the heating conductor element in a thickness direction is in the range from 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm and/or a ratio of the extension length of the end faces of the heating conductor element in the thickness direction to the length of extension of the width sides of the grid element in the width direction is in the range of 0.002-0.025.
  • the flat strip material can be metal material or electrically conductive ceramic material. Furthermore, the heat transfer capability can be further improved in that the flat strip material provides an electrically non-insulated surface for exhaust gas to flow around.
  • the at least one heating conductor element can be formed in the longitudinal end areas for the electrical connection to a voltage source.
  • the at least one heating conductor element can also be designed with a wave-like structure.
  • a wave-like structure is formed, for example, by an approximately sinusoidal, zigzag-like, sawtooth-like or a similarly formed course with curved or edge-like wave crests and approximately straight lines in between, e.g. parallel to one another extending or at least partially curved wave surface areas can be provided.
  • Such a course providing a wave-like structure can provide a periodically repeating wave pattern, but can also have a wave pattern with wavelengths that change at least in different areas of the at least one heat conductor element, ie changing distance between wave crests.
  • This wavy structure of the at least one heating conductor element can form a substructure, which can be superimposed on a larger or superordinate structure of the heating conductor element, for example a spiral-like structure or a meander-like structure explained below.
  • the at least one heating conductor element has an electrically conductive surface that is exposed to the outside, but the cross section through which the exhaust gas can flow is to be covered very efficiently with the heating conductor element, it is advantageous to avoid a short circuit if the at least one heating conductor element comprises longitudinal regions of the heating conductor element which run adjacent to one another and are arranged in an electrically insulated manner with respect to one another.
  • a very efficient use of the available cross-section through which exhaust gas can flow can be achieved by arranging the at least one heating conductor element with a spiral-like course, and by providing the length regions of the heating conductor element running adjacent to one another by winding sections running radially adjacent to one another with respect to a spiral center .
  • the at least one heating conductor element is arranged with a meandering course, and that the heating conductor element longitudinal regions running adjacent to one another are provided by meandering sections running next to one another in transition regions.
  • the electrical insulation can be provided in a manner that is easy to implement but still works efficiently by electrically insulating the lengthwise areas of the heating conductor element that run adjacent to one another by maintaining a gap between them, and/or by arranging the lengthwise areas of the heating conductor element that run adjacent to one another of electrically insulating, preferably ribbon-like material between them are electrically insulated with respect to each other.
  • Efficient transfer of heat to the exhaust gas to be heated can be achieved according to a further embodiment of the invention in that a plurality of heating conductor elements made of bent flat strip material and arranged in an electrically insulated manner with respect to one another are provided.
  • At least some of the heating conductor elements can be connected electrically in parallel with one another.
  • heating conductor elements for example electrically connected in parallel to one another, these can be arranged adjacent to one another starting from a spiral center with a spiral-like course, so that the heating conductor elements provide spiral arms that are adjacent to one another.
  • the heating conductor elements can provide lengthwise regions of heating conductor elements that are essentially straight and stretched out next to one another.
  • the heating conductor elements be electrically insulated from one another by maintaining a gap between them, and/or that the heating conductor elements are electrically insulated from one another by arranging electrically insulating, preferably flat strip-like material between them.
  • the heating conductor elements are designed for connection to a voltage source, they can be electrically conductively connected to one another, for example by parallel connection or serial connection.
  • the heating conductor elements are then electrically insulated from one another, for example by the measures set out above, in order to avoid a short circuit in length areas lying between the connection areas.
  • a support structure carrying the at least one heating conductor element in a predetermined position can be provided.
  • the support structure can comprise at least one support element with positioning projections engaging between apex areas of the corrugated structure of the at least one heating conductor element, and/or the support structure can comprise at least one support element with positioning recesses accommodating apex areas of the corrugated structure of the at least one heating conductor element, and/or can the Support structure at least one comprise engaging carrier element in positioning recesses in apex regions of the at least one heat conductor element.
  • the support structure comprises at least one support element held on corrugated surface sections running between corrugation crests of the corrugated structure of the at least one heating conductor element.
  • At least one carrier element can penetrate the corrugated surface sections.
  • at least one carrier element can be carried on a front side of the at least one heating conductor element in the area of the corrugated surface sections.
  • the support structure can comprise at least one support element which is arranged on an end face of the at least one heating conductor element and has a plurality of support arms which are preferably arranged in a star-like configuration.
  • Such carrier elements are preferably arranged both on the inflow side and on the outflow side of the at least one heating conductor element.
  • the support structure can include the electrically insulating material.
  • the at least one heating conductor element is coated at least in regions with catalytically active material.
  • a catalytically active material on the at least one heat conductor element, on the one hand its surface in the exhaust gas flow is additionally used to carry out a catalytic reaction that contributes to the reduction of pollutant emissions.
  • this catalytically active material provided on the at least one heating conductor element is already activated in the starting phase of the operation of an internal combustion engine when the at least one heating conductor element is electrically excited by the fact that the catalytically active material is provided directly on the heating element through which current flows, heated, so that the catalytic reaction provided by this material can start immediately after the start of the excitation of the at least one heat conductor element, i.e. after applying an electrical voltage to this, and already in a Operating phase in which an exhaust gas treatment unit following in the exhaust gas flow has not yet reached the temperature required for carrying out a catalytic reaction, in which a contribution can be made to reducing pollutant emissions in the exhaust gas heating unit.
  • the catalytically active material preferably containing platinum and/or palladium and/or rhodium
  • the catalytically active material preferably containing titanium oxide and/or zirconium oxide or/ and aluminum oxide, provides a hydrolysis catalyst function, or/and that the catalytically active material, preferably containing platinum and/or palladium and/or barium, provides a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst function, or/and that the catalytically active material, preferably containing platinum or/ and palladium, provides a diesel oxidation catalyst function, or/and that the catalytically active material, preferably containing iron zeolite or/and copper zeolite or/and vanadium oxide, provides an SCR catalyst function.
  • the invention also relates to an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, comprising at least one exhaust gas heating unit constructed according to the invention.
  • the at least one exhaust gas heating unit be arranged upstream of at least one exhaust gas treatment unit, preferably a catalytic converter unit and/or particle filter unit.
  • the at least one heat conductor element of the at least one exhaust gas heating unit is arranged with broad sides extending in a width direction essentially parallel to a main exhaust gas flow direction and with end faces extending in a thickness direction essentially orthogonally is arranged to exhaust gas main flow direction.
  • the 1 shows a plan view of an exhaust gas heating unit, generally designated 10, which is installed in a 2 partially shown
  • Exhaust system 12 of an internal combustion engine may be arranged upstream with respect to an exhaust gas treatment unit 14 embodied, for example, as a catalytic converter unit or as a particle filter unit.
  • exhaust-gas heating unit 10 can be mounted on an exhaust-gas routing component 16 that is configured, for example, as a tube or a housing, in exhaust-gas system 12 in such a way that the exhaust gas flowing in exhaust-gas routing component 16 in a main exhaust-gas flow direction H toward exhaust-gas treatment unit 14 first flows through exhaust-gas heating unit 10 and in Heating operation of the exhaust gas heating unit 10 absorbs heat there, which the exhaust gas then enters into the exhaust gas treatment unit 14 .
  • exhaust gas treatment unit 14 is constructed as an SCR catalytic converter unit, and upstream of this or also of exhaust gas heating unit 10, an injector 18 is provided, with which a reactant 20, for example a urea/water solution, is introduced into the exhaust gas flow and, in particular, also onto the exhaust gas heating unit 10 is introduced.
  • a reactant 20 for example a urea/water solution
  • the exhaust gas heating unit 10 is put into operation at least in a starting phase of this operation in order to heat the exhaust gas emitted by the internal combustion engine, which is still comparatively cold, before it flows through the exhaust gas treatment unit 14 .
  • the exhaust gas introduces heat into the exhaust gas treatment arrangement 14, so that it is also heated up comparatively quickly at the start of operation of an internal combustion engine and reaches a temperature required for carrying out the catalytic reaction provided therein.
  • the reactant is also introduced into the exhaust gas flow upstream of the exhaust gas heating unit 10, for example directly towards the exhaust gas heating unit 10, this reactant 20 is also heated at the exhaust gas heating unit 10 when the exhaust gas temperature is still comparatively low and is thus increasingly evaporated, so that the mixing of exhaust gas and Reactant 20 upstream of the exhaust gas treatment unit 14 is supported.
  • the injector 18 can also be provided to introduce fuel, that is to say hydrocarbon, into the exhaust gas flow upstream of the exhaust gas heating unit 10 .
  • fuel that is to say hydrocarbon
  • Hydrocarbons are converted on the surface of the exhaust gas heating unit 10 that is heated during heating operation, with additional heat of reaction being released and the heating output provided in the area of the exhaust gas heating unit 10 thus being able to be increased even further.
  • the injection of fuel, that is to say hydrocarbon can of course also take place in connection with an exhaust gas treatment unit 14 designed as an SCR catalytic converter unit, in order to be able to bring this to operating temperature as quickly as possible.
  • the exhaust gas heating unit 10 shown comprises a heating conductor element 22 made of bent flat strip material.
  • the heating conductor element 22 is designed to provide a large surface around which exhaust gas can flow with a wavy or meandering structure and has a spiral-like course superimposed on this wavy structure. This results in radially adjacent heating element length areas 26, 28 provided by individual winding sections of the spiral course.
  • the electrically conductive heating element 22 with respective connections is in a longitudinal end area 24 close to a spiral center Z and in a longitudinal end area 30 providing an outer end of the spiral course or line areas for electrical connection to a voltage source arranged outside of the exhaust gas flow.
  • a bushing 32 may be provided for such electrical connecting lines.
  • the heating conductor element 22 Due to the wavy structure of the heating conductor element 22, it has between its longitudinal end regions 24, 30 a large number of successive wave crests 34 in the longitudinal direction of the heating conductor element 22, which can be formed, for example, by curved regions or edge regions. Between each two such wave crests 34 is a wave surface area 38 in which the heat conductor element 22 is in its The course between the two corrugation crests 34 enclosing them can, for example, extend approximately in a straight line or can also be curved, at least in some areas.
  • the heating conductor element 22 through which electric current flows when an electrical voltage is applied can be made of metal material, for example an Fe/Cr/Al alloy or stainless steel with an aluminum content of more than 2%, and thus provide a high-temperature heating conductor. It is also possible to configure the heating conductor element 22 from electrically conductive ceramic material.
  • electrically insulating material 40 can be arranged between the adjacent heating element length areas 26, 28 be.
  • This can also be made of flat strip material, for example thermally resistant plastic material or electrically insulating ceramic material, and is adapted to the spiral course of heating conductor element 22, which is provided with a wave-like structure.
  • the heat conductor element 22 rests with its heat conductor element length areas 26, 28 in the region of the wave crest 34 on the electrically insulating material 40, so that mutual contact between the adjacent heat conductor length areas 26, 28 cannot occur.
  • heating conductor element 22 which is constructed from a flat strip material and brought into its corrugated shape by bending the flat strip material, has a significantly greater extension length b on width sides 42 thereof, which are elongated in a width direction B essentially corresponding to the main exhaust gas flow direction H to the exhaust gas main flow direction H essentially orthogonally oriented end faces 44.
  • the heat conductor element 22 with an extension length d of Faces 44 in the thickness direction D can be in the range of 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, while an extension length b of the width sides 42 in the width direction B can be in the range of 10 mm to 20 mm.
  • the ratio of the extension length d in the thickness direction D to the extension length b in the width direction B is advantageously in the range from 0.002 to 0.025.
  • the mutual distance between immediately adjacent wave crests can be in the range of 1 to 4 mm, for example.
  • Such a heating conductor element 22 constructed with flat strip material can be produced, for example, with an in 10 schematically illustrated device 46 with two forming rollers 49, 50 receiving the flat strip material 48 between them.
  • forming areas 52 are formed in the flat strip material 48, so that, depending on the intended radius of curvature, the wave crests 34 either remain as arc-like curved areas or remain as edge areas in the case of sharp-edged forming.
  • the characteristic of the wave-like structure can also be predetermined by the reshaping of the flat strip material 48, for example as a zigzag structure or as a more or less sinusoidal structure.
  • the flat strip material 48 is compressed so that the corrugated surface areas 38 located between the reshaping areas 52 and the corrugation crests 34 provided by them run approximately parallel to one another and thus the corrugated, meandering structure of the heating conductor element 22 is obtained.
  • the heat conductor element 22 offers the same only a comparatively low flow resistance despite the large surface available for heat transfer.
  • the fact that the electrically insulating material 40 is likewise provided as a flat strip material and is oriented with its end faces orthogonally to the main flow direction of the exhaust gas also contributes to this.
  • a gap-like intermediate space can remain between the adjacent length regions of the heating conductor element, through which the exhaust gas can flow, so that the flow resistance can be reduced even further.
  • a distance can be in the range of 1 to 2 mm, for example.
  • the distance between mutually adjacent corrugated surface areas 38 can be in the range of 1 to 2 mm, so that the occurrence of an electrical short circuit is also avoided within a respective heating conductor element length area.
  • the 3 12 shows the integration of the heating conductor element 22 into a carrier structure 54 holding or carrying it in a defined position.
  • the carrier structure 54 comprises a tubular or cylindrical housing 56 which surrounds the spirally wound heating conductor element 52 on the outside.
  • the housing 56 can be integrated into the exhaust-gas-carrying component 16 of the exhaust system 12 together with the heating conductor element 22 arranged therein, or it can be provided by the exhaust-gas-carrying component 16 itself.
  • the support structure 54 comprises a support element 62 designed with a star-like or cross-like configuration with a plurality of radially inward relative to a longitudinal central axis of the housing 56 adjoining carrier arms 64. In the radially outer region, these are firmly connected to the housing 56.
  • the heating conductor element 22 with its for example, by the electrically insulating material 40 with respect to each other electrically insulated held heat conductor longitudinal areas 26, 28 held in a defined position. Since the support arms 64 of the support element 62 or of the support elements 62 are also arranged in such a way that their end faces or narrow sides are oriented orthogonally to the exhaust gas main flow direction H, these also only introduce a low flow resistance.
  • the 4 shows a modification of in 1 embodiment shown, in which the wave height decreases in the direction of longitudinal end region 30, so that heating conductor element 22, which is brought into the spirally wound shape and basically has a wave structure, provides an approximately circular outer peripheral contour in its entirety and thus when integrated into housing 56, which is also circular, for example or the exhaust gas routing component 16 essentially no areas of the flow cross section remain in which there is no thermal interaction between the exhaust gas and the heat conductor element 22 .
  • the electrically insulating material 40 completely covers the exhaust gas heating element 22 in its longitudinal end area 30, so that a completely closed ring of the electrically insulating material 40 is formed on the outer circumference.
  • the electrical contacting of the heat-conducting element 22 takes place at the longitudinal end regions 24, 30, the negative pole being able to lie, for example, at the longitudinal end region 24 and the plus pole being able to lie at the longitudinal end region 30.
  • the figure 5 shows a structure in which the heating conductor element 22 extending between the longitudinal end regions 24, 30 basically also has a spirally wound course, but starting from the spiral center Z forms two mutually surrounding spiral arms 66, 68.
  • the electrically insulating material already explained above runs between these.
  • the heating conductor element 22 can again have a decreasing corrugation height, so that the approximately circular or elliptical cross section can be achieved again can, with which the heat conductor element 22 can be adapted to the cross-sectional geometry of the housing 56 of the exhaust gas routing component 16. Since no electrical contact is required in the area of the spiral center Z, it is also not necessary to route an electrical line providing this contact through the exhaust gas flow radially inwards to the spiral center Z.
  • a single heat conductor element 22 covers the entire cross section through which exhaust gas can flow.
  • this provides a comparatively large electrical resistance. If high heating outputs are required, it is therefore advantageous in such a design to design the heating conductor element 22 with a comparatively large extension length d in the thickness direction D of, for example, approximately 0.2 mm.
  • a structure with two heating conductor elements 22a, 22b each providing a spiral arm 66, 68 can be provided.
  • Each of the two heating elements 22a, 22b has compared to the structure of figure 5 only half the length between a respective radially inner longitudinal end region 24a, 24b and a respective radially outer longitudinal end region 30a, 30b.
  • each of the two heating conductor elements 22a, 22b between the radially inner contact point and the radially outer contact point has half the electrical resistance of the in figure 5 illustrated configuration, so that with the same large surface area available for heat transfer in each of the heating conductor elements 22a, 22b, a comparatively low electrical resistance is achieved and thus high heating outputs can also be realized.
  • This embodiment further training shows the 7 a structure in which a total of four heating conductor elements 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d surround one another or are adjacent to one another and are connected by electrically insulating material 40 are arranged separately from each other.
  • Each of the heat conductor elements 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d has an even shorter extension length between the respective radially inner longitudinal end area 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d and the respective radially outer longitudinal end area 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d and thus an even lower electrical resistance on.
  • the electrical contact is made on the one hand in the area of the spiral center Z at the radially inner longitudinal end areas 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d and on the other hand at the radially outer longitudinal end areas 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d.
  • the respective radially outer longitudinal end regions 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d are connected to a contacting ring and are thus jointly connected to a voltage source.
  • heating conductor elements can also be provided, for example with the one shown in FIGS 6 and 7 illustrated structure surrounding each other in a spiral-like manner.
  • FIG. 8 Another variant is in 8 shown.
  • This shows a heating conductor element 22 designed with a wave-like structure, which has a meandering course between its two longitudinal end regions 24, 30 provided for electrical contacting.
  • the heating conductor element 22 has a plurality of longitudinal heating conductor element regions 70 which extend essentially in a straight line but are constructed with the wave-like structure and which adjoin one another in the respective transition regions 72 .
  • an adaptation to the flow cross section of a housing 56 accommodating the heat conductor element 22, which is provided, for example, by the exhaust gas-carrying component 16 that also includes the exhaust gas treatment unit 14, can be achieved, particularly if this flow cross section is not circular but, for example, elliptical or flattened round.
  • heat conductor length regions 70 that are directly adjacent to one another can be separated by electrically insulating material or by an in 8 be separated from each other by a recognizable gap-like space.
  • the longitudinal end regions 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30f can be electrically connected to one another and, for example, to a negative pole of a voltage source, so that the total of six heating conductor elements 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22f are connected in parallel to one another and each of these heating conductor elements provides a comparatively small electrical resistance.
  • the heating conductor elements 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22f that are directly adjacent to one another can be separated from one another by electrically insulating material 40 or a gap-like intermediate space. Equally, in the area adjoining the housing 56, the heating conductor elements 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22f can be surrounded by such electrically insulating material.
  • the 12 and 13 show an embodiment of the between two heating conductor element length areas, for example the heating conductor element length areas 26, 28 of in 1 It should be noted that such an electrically insulating material 40 can also be arranged in the other previously described embodiments between two lengthwise areas of the heating conductor element or between two heating conductor elements arranged adjacent to one another.
  • this electrically insulating material 40 provided for example as flat strip material, has positioning projections 74 engaging between adjacent wave crests 34 or between two such positioning projections 74 in association with the corrugation crests 34 of the heating conductor element length regions 26, 28 arranged adjacent to one another Positioning recess 76 has.
  • the positioning projections 74 engaging between two adjacent wave crests 34 of the same length region 26, 28 of the heating conductor element or the positioning recesses 76 accommodating the crests 34 of the wave ensure a defined positioning of the crests of the wave and thus of the length regions 26, 28 of the heating conductor element, so that an electrically insulating material 40 can provide a support element 78 of the support structure 54 .
  • each of the positioning projections 74 is provided with two in the width direction of the electrically insulating material 40 separate portions 74a, 74b. This is advantageous in particular because of the reduction in pressure loss and thus for a low flow resistance. Furthermore, as a result, only a small proportion of the surface area of a respective heating conductor element 22 that can be used for heat transfer is covered by the positioning projections 74 .
  • FIG. 15 A further alternative embodiment of an electrically insulating material 40 provided for a defined positioning of a heating conductor element 22 and a carrier element 78 is shown in 15 shown.
  • the electrically insulating material 40 itself has a wavy structure and thus provides positioning projections 74 with its wave crests and positioning recesses 76 with its regions lying between two wave crests, in which the wave crests 34 of the heating conductor element 22 or the heating conductor element longitudinal regions 26 , 28 can be accommodated.
  • the electrically insulating material 40 is formed on both of its end faces with hook-like positioning projections 74, which form a heating conductor element or Heat conductor element length areas of the same overlap and reach behind at the end faces in the area of the wave crests and thus hold them in a defined position.
  • the 18 shows a carrier structure 54, which on the one hand comprises an electrically insulating material which is designed for a spiral course of a heating conductor element and provides a carrier element 78, which, for example, can be used as in FIGS Figures 12 to 17 can be configured as shown and thus not only ensures the electrical insulation of heating conductor element length regions or heating conductor elements running next to one another, but also specifies a defined positioning for the wave crests of the same.
  • the support structure 54 comprises the cross-shaped or star-shaped support elements 62 with the support arms 64, preferably both on the inflow side and on the outflow side.
  • the support arms 64 cross or overlap the electrically insulating material 40, they can be connected to one another in order to thus define a cage-like structure which accommodates one or more heating conductor elements in a defined position.
  • all components of this cage-like structure can be constructed from electrically insulating ceramic material, and the cage-like structure can be provided as a molded part, at least comprising the electrically insulating material 40 and one of the carrier elements 62 .
  • FIG. 19 to 21 Other alternative configurations for specifying a defined positioning or electrical insulation for a heat conductor element 22 are in Figures 19 to 21 shown.
  • the in 19 shown heat conductor element 22 recesses 84, 86, in which a respective carrier element 80, 82 is positioned engaging.
  • a defined positioning of adjacent wave crests 34 relative to one another can also be specified, for example by frictional interaction, and the wave crests 34 of adjacent heating conductor element length regions can be kept separate from one another.
  • the carrier elements 80, 82 are constructed from electrically insulating material, for example ceramic material or thermally resistant plastic material, in order to avoid an electrical short circuit.
  • such a web-like or rod-like support element 85 is constructed with positioning recesses 76 accommodating the respective wave crests 34 of the heating conductor element 22 and positioning projections 74 lying between them, so that the defined positioning of the wave crests 34 with respect to one another is supported.
  • the 21 shows an embodiment in which such a carrier element 87 provides positioning recesses 76 and positioning projections 74 lying between them in association with heating conductor element length regions 26, 28 arranged adjacent to one another.
  • the 22 shows an embodiment in which two such web-like or rod-like carrier elements 88, 90 pass through the corrugated surface sections 38 of the heating conductor element 22 and thus ensure a defined positioning.
  • the 23 and 24 show an embodiment in which positioning recesses 89, 91 are formed on a heat conductor element 22 in the area of the end faces 44 for receiving a rod-like carrier element 92, 94 in each case.
  • positioning projections 96, 98 are formed on the end faces 44 of the heating conductor element 22, which projections can be positioned so as to engage in respective positioning recesses of rod-like or web-like carrier elements 100, 102 arranged in the region of the end faces 44.
  • one or more heating conductor elements 22 can be partially or completely covered with catalytically active material 104 on the surface of the same provided for heat transfer.
  • a suitable coating material can be selected for this.
  • the heating conductor element 22 coated in this way can be coated with material containing platinum and/or palladium and/or rhodium in order to provide a three-way catalytic converter function.
  • the catalytically active material can contain titanium oxide and/or zirconium oxide and/or aluminum oxide.
  • the catalytically active material 104 can contain platinum and/or palladium and/or barium.
  • the catalytically active material can contain platinum and/or palladium.
  • the catalytically active material 104 can contain iron zeolite and/or copper zeolite and/or vanadium oxide.
  • an alloy with a high aluminum content for the structural material of the heating conductor element 22 and to subject the surface to be coated to a temperature treatment.
  • a so-called FeCr alloy, 1.4767 can be used as the construction material.
  • an exhaust gas treatment unit creates the possibility of achieving efficient heating of the exhaust gas emitted by an internal combustion engine, since on the one hand the exhaust gas heating unit with the at least one heating conductor element made of flat strip material that can be heated by electrical excitation provides a very large surface area for thermal interaction with the exhaust gas and on the other hand, the exhaust gas can directly interact thermally with the heat conductor element.
  • the wavy structure of the at least one heating conductor element and the course of the at least one heating conductor element superimposed on the wavy structure, for example in a spiral or meandering manner, creates the possibility of essentially covering or covering the entire cross-section through which the exhaust gas flows of an exhaust gas routing component or of a housing accommodating the at least one heating conductor element .to use for heat transfer.

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EP4174294A1 (fr) * 2021-10-29 2023-05-03 Purem GmbH Unité de chauffage pour un système d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne
EP4174294B1 (fr) 2021-10-29 2025-01-01 Purem GmbH Unité de chauffage pour un système d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne

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EP4023864B1 (fr) 2024-06-26
KR20220081947A (ko) 2022-06-16
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JP2022091730A (ja) 2022-06-21
KR102634722B1 (ko) 2024-02-07
CN114607489A (zh) 2022-06-10
DE102020132800A1 (de) 2022-06-09
US12049839B2 (en) 2024-07-30
US20220178290A1 (en) 2022-06-09
EP4023864A3 (fr) 2022-09-21

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