EP4063733B1 - Appareil de chauffage avec un dispositif permettant de réduire les conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange de l'appareil de chauffage - Google Patents

Appareil de chauffage avec un dispositif permettant de réduire les conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange de l'appareil de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4063733B1
EP4063733B1 EP22159988.9A EP22159988A EP4063733B1 EP 4063733 B1 EP4063733 B1 EP 4063733B1 EP 22159988 A EP22159988 A EP 22159988A EP 4063733 B1 EP4063733 B1 EP 4063733B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fan
branch
heater
mixture
burner body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22159988.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4063733C0 (fr
EP4063733A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Paul
Klaus Richter
Jochen Grabe
Ulrich Demandewicz
Matthias Hopf
Andreas Reinert
Thomas Badenhop
Bodo Oerder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Publication of EP4063733A1 publication Critical patent/EP4063733A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4063733C0 publication Critical patent/EP4063733C0/fr
Publication of EP4063733B1 publication Critical patent/EP4063733B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/247—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/28—Fail safe preventing flash-back or blow-back

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating device with an arrangement for reducing the consequences of a flashback in a burner which is operated with a mixture of a fuel gas and air (premix burner).
  • DE 196 35 974 A1 concerns a gas/air mixing system for gas heaters with a fan-assisted combustion air and gas supply as well as a gas/air premix chamber, to which a combustion chamber separated by an opening is connected. There, the opening is controlled by a flap that folds up more or less in the direction of the combustion chamber based on the volume flow of air and combustion gas, thereby changing the cross-section of the opening. This should enable the modulation range of such a heater to be significantly increased, while maintaining extremely low pollutant emissions.
  • EP 3 660 399 A1 relates to a device for controlling a mixture and a method for controlling the mixture in the context of premix gas burners.
  • a regulator is provided there which is coupled to an intake duct in order to change its cross-section depending on the rotational speed of the fan. This should make it possible to regulate the gas flow rate so that the fuel-oxidant ratio remains in a range that is optimal for combustion.
  • Hydrogen as a fuel gas or as an additive to fuel gases is becoming increasingly important, and great efforts are being made to upgrade new or existing heating devices to operate with it. This does not only apply to large systems, but also to wall-mounted devices for heating water and generally to heating devices for heating buildings and/or providing hot water. Burners for such purposes often have a burner body made of perforated sheet metal and can be designed as so-called flat or cylindrical burners. Round holes are usually used, but elongated slots and other hole shapes are also possible. The dimensions of the holes as well as their number/area unit and arrangement influence the flame stability during combustion in a combustion chamber as well as the combustion hygiene (completeness of combustion and production of pollutants).
  • the flame does not burn on or just above the burner surface as desired, but instead migrates into the perforated plate and the fuel gas-air mixture (hereinafter also referred to simply as the mixture) ignites unintentionally on the inside of the perforated plate.
  • the fuel gas-air mixture hereinafter also referred to simply as the mixture
  • the risk of such a flashback is particularly high if the flame speed of the respective fuel gas-air mixture is higher than the outflow speed at the burner holes/slots. This is particularly the case when pure hydrogen is used as the fuel gas or fuel gas with a hydrogen content of e.g. 10% or more.
  • US 2012/135360 A1 relates to a furnace having a premix burner in which flashback may occur. Further, means are provided for preventing or extinguishing flashback in a boundary layer of fluid extending along the length of the tube upstream of the outlet. In one embodiment, means are provided for electrically charging the tube and in another embodiment, means are provided for cooling the tube.
  • the object of the present invention is to at least partially solve the problems mentioned with reference to the prior art.
  • constructive Measures should be taken on or in the mixture path to reduce the consequences of a flashback and thus help to avoid damage to components of the mixture path or fan.
  • No moving parts should be used in the mixture path to ensure a long, maintenance-free service life.
  • An arrangement contributes to reducing the consequences of a flashback of a flame into a mixture path of a premix burner in a heating device which can be operated with a mixture of fuel gas and air, wherein the mixture path between a burner body and a fan is designed such that it has the function of a fluidic diode or is designed as a fluidic diode, namely has different flow resistances for different flow directions and/or different flow velocities.
  • the fan is arranged in a fan branch of the mixture path, which is designed as a lateral branch from a main branch.
  • a branch or abrupt diversion does not represent a particular obstacle for a relatively slow flow from the fan to the burner body, but a pressure wave is more likely to flow past the branch and propagate further in the main branch.
  • a fluidic diode is in particular a passive device that has a lower flow resistance in the preferred direction than in the opposite direction.
  • the fluidic diode can be formed in one or more sections of the mixture path. It is possible for one or more fluidic diodes to be formed with a different number, shape, orientation and/or dimension of flow influencers.
  • Such flow influencers can be arranged in the mixture path and/or can be designed to protrude into it with/on a wall of the mixture path.
  • a flow influencer can in particular form flow bottlenecks, dead zones, partial channels, etc. in the mixture path. Flow influencers that generate flow resistance effects of varying strengths depending on the direction and/or the speed of the gas flow flowing past them are preferred.
  • the aim is to oppose as little flow resistance as possible to the flow in normal operation, but to generate a high flow resistance in the case of a flow in the opposite direction, which also has a considerably higher speed, which weakens a pressure wave and extinguishes a subsequent flame front.
  • the mixture path is preferably designed such that mixture can flow from the fan to the burner body at speeds of 0.5 to 10 m/s [meters/second] essentially unhindered and/or only slightly influenced, while a pressure wave in the opposite direction at speeds of over 500 up to 3000 m/s (speed in the supersonic range) essentially cannot propagate (back) to the fan.
  • the branching is designed in such a way that the fan branch is shielded from flows emanating from the burner body in the main branch by a shield, so that such flows are guided past the fan branch.
  • the shield can be formed by an acute-angled corner that protrudes into the main branch (viewed in a longitudinal section), which can be easily implemented by shaping the branch accordingly. Viewed three-dimensionally, it is a curved edge that protrudes into the main branch.
  • Other types of shielding, such as baffles or wall projections, are possible.
  • the blower branch tapers from the blower towards the branch. This also results in a rapidly advancing pressure wave emanating from the burner body passing the blower branch.
  • the main branch preferably ends at an end opposite the burner body behind the branching of the fan branch in a rounded deflection shape that is designed to deflect a pressure wave coming from the burner body back into the main branch.
  • a pressure wave is deflected or at least swirled so that it weakens itself and hinders the further advance of a subsequent flame front, which can even contribute to its extinguishing.
  • the exact design of the deflection shape in connection with the branching of the fan branch depends on the local conditions and can be determined mathematically, by simulation or experimentally.
  • the main branch ends at an end opposite the burner body behind the branching of the fan branch in an outlet area that is designed to reduce a pressure wave coming from the burner body.
  • Even a simple wall reflects a pressure wave and thereby weakens it.
  • a flame front also runs against the wall, but cannot be reflected because there is hardly any combustible mixture behind it.
  • the outlet area has a damping means for a pressure wave, which preferably also serves as a means for absorbing heat from a flame front.
  • a damping means for a pressure wave which preferably also serves as a means for absorbing heat from a flame front.
  • Any type of fireproof fitting, particularly made of metal, is suitable as a damping means.
  • Components that divide and/or divert the flow are particularly suitable, e.g. wire nets, offset perforated plates, grids or honeycomb bodies and the like.
  • the measures described can ensure that combustion in the mixture path is practically always terminated after a flashback. Since no combustible mixture (only combustion gases) flows to the burner for a while, the flame in the combustion chamber usually also goes out, which can be detected by a flame detector and leads to the fuel supply being shut off if the flashback has not already been detected in another way.
  • Fig.1 shows schematically parts of a heating device 1, in particular a condensing boiler, which can be operated in particular with hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing fuel gas.
  • the heating device 1 has a combustion chamber 2 with a housing 10, in which a flame 13 burns during operation, the heat of which is dissipated by a heat exchanger 12.
  • the flame 13 is generated by a premix burner 16, which is arranged in the combustion chamber 2 and has a burner body 3 with holes 4 (or differently shaped openings, e.g. slots).
  • a mixture of air and fuel gas is supplied to the burner body 3 through an inlet 11.
  • the inlet 11 is often designed as a type of door in the housing 10, in which the burner body 3 is fastened.
  • the mixture is guided by a fan 7 via a mixture path 5 to the burner body 3.
  • the fan is usually attached to a fan flange 9 with a fan outlet 8.
  • a mixture flow 14 (indicated by light arrows) occurs through the mixture path 5 from the fan 7 to the burner body 3.
  • the entire mixture contained in the burner body 3 ignites practically explosively and initially generates a pressure wave 15 (indicated by dark arrows) opposite to the mixture flow 14, followed by a flame front which, without countermeasures, would pass through the entire mixture path 5 and then also reach the fan 7 and possibly damage it by increasing the pressure and/or temperature.
  • the mixture path 5 is specially designed with a branch 18 at which a fan branch 19 opens into a main branch 20 (an essentially straight connection between the inlet 11 and a deflection form 24).
  • the deflection form 24 and the branch 18 increase the flow resistance for the mixture from the fan 7 to the burner body 3 only slightly, but in the event of a flashback, they cause a resulting pressure wave 15 to run past the branch 18 on the fan branch 19 in the opposite direction, to be deflected in the deflection form 24 (indicated by a corresponding dark arrow) and thereby
  • the blower branch 19 opens at an angle, so that an acute angle is formed, the corner or edge of which protrudes into the mixture path 5 acts as a shield 6.
  • a tapering of the blower branch 19 in the direction of the branch 18 also supports the desired effect.
  • the deflection form 24 can have an approximately spherical shape or at least in some areas a spherical surface.
  • Fig. 2 shows another embodiment in which a discharge area 17 is provided instead of the deflection form 24.
  • the remaining parts are analogous to Fig.1 and provided with reference symbols.
  • the outlet area 17 also causes a reduction in a pressure wave 15 that has passed the branch, so that it cannot cause any damage to the fan branch 19 or fan 7.
  • damping means 21 e.g. metallic grids, sieves, perforated sheets, honeycomb bodies or the like, are present in the outlet area 17, which divide, deflect or absorb the flow of a pressure wave 15.
  • damping means 21 e.g. metallic grids, sieves, perforated sheets, honeycomb bodies or the like
  • the present invention makes it possible to significantly reduce the consequences of a flashback using simple and robust means and, in particular, to protect a fan 7 against it and to achieve a rapid extinguishing of the flames 13.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Appareil de chauffage (1) comprenant un ventilateur, une voie de mélange (5) et un brûleur à prémélange (16) avec un corps de brûleur (3) ainsi qu'un agencement de réduction des conséquences d'un retour d'une flamme (13) dans la voie de mélange (5) du brûleur à prémélange (16) dans l'appareil de chauffage (1) qui peut fonctionner avec un mélange de gaz de combustion et d'air, dans lequel la voie de mélange (5) est conçue entre le corps de brûleur (3) et le ventilateur (7) de sorte à présenter la fonction d'une diode fluidique, à savoir présenter différentes résistances à l'écoulement au moins pour différents sens d'écoulement ou différentes vitesses d'écoulement,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la voie de mélange (5) présente une branche principale (20) et une branche de ventilateur(19), dans lequel la branche de ventilateur (19) est réalisée comme branchement latéral (18) de la branche principale (20), et le ventilateur (7) est agencé au niveau ou dans la branche de ventilateur (19) de la voie de mélange (5).
  2. Appareil de chauffage (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la voie de mélange (5) est conçue de sorte que le mélange puisse s'écouler du ventilateur(7) au corps de brûleur (3) à des vitesses de 0,5 à 10 m/s sensiblement sans obstacle, tandis qu'une onde de pression (15) ne peut sensiblement pas se propager jusqu'au ventilateur(7) dans le sens inverse à des vitesses de 500 à 3 000 m/s.
  3. Appareil de chauffage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le branchement (18) est conçu de sorte que la branche de ventilateur (19) soit blindée par un blindage (6) par rapport aux écoulements sortant du corps de brûleur (3) dans la branche principale (20).
  4. Appareil de chauffage (1) selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le blindage (6) est formé par un coin ou une arête à angle aigu pénétrant dans la branche principale (20).
  5. Appareil de chauffage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la branche de ventilateur(19) se rétrécit depuis le ventilateur (7) en direction du branchement (18).
  6. Appareil de chauffage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la branche principale (20) se termine au niveau d'une extrémité opposée au corps de brûleur (3) derrière le branchement (18) de la branche de ventilateur (19) dans une forme de renvoi (24) arrondie qui est conçue afin de renvoyer une onde de pression (15) entrant depuis le corps de brûleur (3) dans la branche principale (20).
  7. Appareil de chauffage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel la branche principale (20) se termine au niveau d'une extrémité opposée au corps de brûleur (3) derrière le branchement (18) de la branche de ventilateur (19) dans une zone de sortie (17) qui est conçue afin de réduire une onde de pression (15) entrant depuis le corps de brûleur (3).
  8. Appareil de chauffage (1) selon la revendication 7, dans lequel la zone de sortie (17) contient des moyens d'amortissement (21) pour une onde de pression (15) qui sont simultanément des moyens pour l'absorption de chaleur provenant d'un front de flamme.
EP22159988.9A 2021-03-26 2022-03-03 Appareil de chauffage avec un dispositif permettant de réduire les conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange de l'appareil de chauffage Active EP4063733B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021107709.5A DE102021107709A1 (de) 2021-03-26 2021-03-26 Anordnung zur Verminderung der Folgen eines Flammenrückschlages in einen Vormisch-Brenner eines Heizgerätes

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4063733A1 EP4063733A1 (fr) 2022-09-28
EP4063733C0 EP4063733C0 (fr) 2024-08-07
EP4063733B1 true EP4063733B1 (fr) 2024-08-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22159988.9A Active EP4063733B1 (fr) 2021-03-26 2022-03-03 Appareil de chauffage avec un dispositif permettant de réduire les conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange de l'appareil de chauffage

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4063733B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102021107709A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102023105320A1 (de) * 2023-03-03 2024-09-05 Vaillant Gmbh Brenneranordnung und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Heizgerätes
DE102023129676A1 (de) * 2023-10-27 2025-04-30 Vaillant Gmbh Heizgerät

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19635974A1 (de) * 1996-09-05 1998-03-12 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Gas/Luft-Mischsystem für Gasheizgeräte
US6699035B2 (en) 2001-09-06 2004-03-02 Enardo, Inc. Detonation flame arrestor including a spiral wound wedge wire screen for gases having a low MESG
US7828546B2 (en) 2005-06-30 2010-11-09 General Electric Company Naturally aspirated fluidic control for diverting strong pressure waves
EP1936271A1 (fr) 2006-12-11 2008-06-25 Aalborg Industries A/S Ensemble brûleur
WO2012075110A1 (fr) * 2010-11-30 2012-06-07 Fives North American Combustion, Inc. Commande de retour de flamme de pré-mélange
IT201800010736A1 (it) * 2018-11-30 2020-05-30 Bertelli & Partners Srl Dispositivo di controllo della miscela per bruciatore a gas pre-miscelato
DE102019101329A1 (de) 2019-01-18 2020-07-23 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Mischungsverhältnisses von Verbrennungsluft und Brenngas bei einem Verbrennungsprozess

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4063733C0 (fr) 2024-08-07
DE102021107709A1 (de) 2022-09-29
EP4063733A1 (fr) 2022-09-28

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