EP4063733A1 - Dispositif permettant de réduire les conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange d'un appareil de chauffage - Google Patents
Dispositif permettant de réduire les conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange d'un appareil de chauffage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4063733A1 EP4063733A1 EP22159988.9A EP22159988A EP4063733A1 EP 4063733 A1 EP4063733 A1 EP 4063733A1 EP 22159988 A EP22159988 A EP 22159988A EP 4063733 A1 EP4063733 A1 EP 4063733A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- branch
- fan
- mixture
- arrangement according
- burner body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
- F23N5/247—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using mechanical means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details
- F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2231/00—Fail safe
- F23N2231/28—Fail safe preventing flash-back or blow-back
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arrangement for reducing the consequences of a flashback in a burner that is operated with a mixture of fuel gas and air (premix burner), in particular for a heating device.
- Hydrogen as a fuel gas or as an admixture to fuel gases is becoming more and more important, and great efforts are being made to upgrade new or existing heating devices for operation with it. It is not only a question of large systems, but also of wall-mounted units for heating water and, in general, heaters for heating buildings and/or providing hot water. Burners for such purposes often have a burner body made of perforated sheet metal and can be designed as so-called flat or cylinder burners. Round holes are mostly used, but oblong slits and other shapes of the holes are also possible. The dimensioning of the holes and their number/area unit and arrangement has an influence on the flame stability during combustion in a combustion chamber and on combustion hygiene (completeness of combustion and production of pollutants).
- the flame does not - as desired - burn on or just above a burner surface, but migrates into the perforated plate and the fuel gas-air mixture (hereinafter also simply referred to as the mixture) already unintentionally ignited on the inside of the perforated plate.
- the mixture the fuel gas-air mixture
- This can, lead to thermal overloading of components in the burner and/or in an upstream mixture path, especially if they occur frequently.
- the danger of such a backfire, also known as a flashback is particularly great when the flame speed of the respective fuel gas-air mixture is higher than the outflow speed at the burner holes/slits. This is particularly the case when using pure hydrogen as fuel gas or fuel gas with a hydrogen content of z. B. 10% or more the case.
- the mixture path in heaters has mainly been optimized with regard to the supply of mixture to the burner in order to keep the energy required for the supply (and thus the power of the fan) low. Special constructive measures to control a flashback or to reduce its consequences were not specifically taken.
- the object of the present invention is to at least partially solve the problems mentioned with reference to the prior art.
- constructive measures should be taken on or in the mixture path that reduce the consequences of a flashback and thus help to avoid damage to components in the mixture path or fan.
- No moving parts should be used in the mixture path to ensure a maintenance-free long service life.
- An arrangement contributes to reducing the consequences of a flashback of a flame in a mixture path of a premix burner in a heater, which can be operated with a mixture of fuel gas and air, the mixture path between a burner body and a fan being designed in such a way that it has the function has a fluidic diode or is designed as a fluidic diode, specifically having different flow resistances for different flow directions and/or different flow speeds.
- a fluidic diode is, in particular, a passive device that has a lower flow resistance in the preferred direction than in the opposite direction.
- the fluidic diode can be formed in one or more sections of the mixture path. It is possible for one or more fluidic diodes to be formed with a different number, shape, alignment and/or dimension of flow influencing elements.
- Such flow influencers can in the Mixture path arranged and / or executed with / on a wall of the mixture path projecting into this.
- a flow influencing device can in particular form flow bottlenecks, dead areas, sub-channels, etc. in the mixture path. Preference is given to flow influencing devices which generate flow resistance effects of different strengths depending on the direction and/or the speed of the gas stream flowing past them.
- the aim is to oppose as little flow resistance as possible to the flow in normal operation, but to generate a high flow resistance in the case of a flow in the opposite direction, which also has a significantly higher speed, which weakens a pressure wave and extinguishes a subsequent flame front.
- the mixture path is preferably designed so that mixture can flow from the fan to the burner body at velocities of 0.5 to 10 m/s [meters/second] essentially unimpeded and/or only slightly affected, while a pressure wave travels in the opposite direction at velocities 500 up to 3000 m/s (velocity is in the supersonic range) essentially cannot propagate to the fan (back).
- the fan is arranged in a fan branch of the mixture path, which is designed as a lateral branch from a main branch.
- a fan branch of the mixture path which is designed as a lateral branch from a main branch.
- the branching is designed in such a way that the fan branch is shielded from flows emanating from the burner body in the main branch by a shield, so that such flows are guided past the fan branch.
- the shielding can be formed by an acute-angled corner protruding into the main branch (viewed in a longitudinal section), which can be implemented in a structurally simple manner by the branch being shaped accordingly. Viewed in three dimensions, it is a curved edge protruding into the main branch.
- Other types of shielding e.g. B. baffles or wall projections are possible.
- the fan branch tapers from the fan in the direction of the branch. This also means that a rapidly advancing pressure wave emanating from the burner body runs past the fan branch.
- the main branch preferably ends at an end opposite the burner body behind the branching of the blower branch in a rounded deflection shape, which is designed to deflect a pressure wave coming from the burner body back into the main branch.
- a pressure wave is deflected or at least swirled around so that it weakens itself and prevents the further progress of a subsequent flame front, which can even contribute to its extinction.
- the exact design of the deflection shape in connection with the branching of the fan branch depends on the local conditions and can be determined by calculation, simulation or experimentation.
- the main branch ends at an end opposite the burner body behind the branching of the blower branch in an outlet area which is designed to dissipate a pressure wave coming in from the burner body.
- Even a simple wall reflects a pressure wave and weakens it. A flame front also runs against the wall, but cannot be reflected because there is hardly any combustible mixture behind it.
- the outlet area has damping means for a pressure wave, which are preferably at the same time means for absorbing heat from a flame front.
- damping means for a pressure wave
- Components that divide and/or divert the flow are particularly suitable, e.g. As wire mesh, staggered perforated plates, grids or honeycombs and the like.
- At least one direction-selective and/or at least one speed-selective flow influencing means is present in the mixture path.
- Such means have long been known from the prior art for other purposes. They act (without the need for a main branch and a branching fan branch) in the desired manner as fluidic diodes in a mixture path of any shape.
- a particularly simple form is, for example, a conical body whose base is curved into the interior of the cone and whose tip is directed against the flow during normal operation.
- the measures described can ensure that combustion in the mixture path is practically always terminated after a flashback. Since then temporarily no combustible mixture (but only combustion gases) flows to the burner, the flame in the combustion chamber usually goes out, which can be detected by a flame monitor and leads to the fuel supply being switched off if the flashback has not already been detected in another way.
- the heater 1 shows schematically parts of a heating device 1, in particular a condensing device, which can be operated in particular with hydrogen or a fuel gas containing hydrogen.
- the heater 1 has a combustion chamber 2 with a housing 10 in which a flame 13 burns during operation, the heat from which is dissipated by a heat exchanger 12 .
- the flame 13 is generated by a premix burner 16 which is arranged in the combustion chamber 2 and has a burner body 3 with holes 4 (or other shaped openings, e.g. slots).
- a mixture of air and fuel gas is supplied to the burner body 3 through an inlet 11 .
- the inlet 11 is often designed as a kind of door in the housing 10, in which the burner body 3 is fixed.
- the mixture is guided to the burner body 3 by a fan 7 via a mixture path 5 .
- the fan is usually attached to a fan flange 9 with a fan outlet 8 .
- a mixture flow 14 (indicated by light arrows) results through the mixture path 5 from the blower 7 to the burner body 3.
- the entire mixture contained in the burner body 3 ignites practically explosively and initially generates a pressure wave 15 opposing the mixture flow 14 ( indicated with dark arrows) followed by a flame front, which would run through the entire mixture path 5 without countermeasures and then that too Reach blower 7 and possibly damage it by increasing the pressure and/or temperature.
- the mixture path 5 is specially designed with a branch 18 at which a fan branch 19 opens into a main branch 20 (an essentially straight connection between the inlet 11 and a deflection shape 24).
- the deflection shape 24 and the branch 18 only slightly increase the flow resistance for the mixture from the blower 7 to the burner body 3, but in the event of a flashback cause a pressure wave 15 that occurs to run past the branch 18 on the blower branch 19 in the opposite direction and be deflected in the deflection shape 24 ( indicated by a corresponding dark arrow) and thereby weakens itself.
- the fan branch 19 opens out at an angle, so that an acute angle is formed, the corner or edge of which protruding into the mixture path 5 acts as a shield 6 .
- a narrowing of the fan branch 19 in the direction of the branch 18 supports the desired effect.
- the deflection shape 24 can have an approximately spherical shape or a spherical surface at least in some areas.
- FIG. 2 shows another embodiment in which instead of the deflection form 24 an outlet area 17 is provided.
- the remaining parts are analogous to 1 carried out and provided with reference numerals.
- the outlet area 17 also has the effect of dissipating a pressure wave 15 that has passed the branching, so that it cannot cause any damage in the fan branch 19 or fan 7 . In many cases, a subsequent flame front is extinguished without igniting the fan branch 19 .
- This effect is supported if in the outlet area 17 damping means 21, z.
- damping means 21, z. B. metallic grids, screens, perforated plates, honeycomb bodies or the like are present, which divide, deflect or absorb the flow of a pressure wave 15 . These also absorb heat when they are reached by a flame front and can thus cause combustion in mixture path 5 extinguish, but in any case extract a lot of heat from the gas and thus reduce possible damage.
- figure 3 shows an embodiment without branch 18, but with a flow influencing means 22, which selectively influences flows depending on their direction and speed.
- the chosen simple example of a cone with an inwardly curved base represents a large number of known remedies with similar effects.
- the flow influencing means 22 has only a small effect on relatively slow flows (light arrows) which the cone tip is directed against. However, it has a very strong influence on fast flows of pressure waves 15 (dark arrows), which are stopped by the curved base and partially deflected or reflected. A pressure wave 15 can only reach the blower 7 in a very weakened manner, and a flame front may also be stopped.
- a heat absorber 23 absorbs heat from a gas flowing past, which is why it has a large surface area, good thermal conductivity and a suitable heat capacity (but a negligible flow resistance, at least in normal operation ) should have.
- Rods or walls parallel to the flow in the mixture path 5 are shown here, which are preferably made of metal (e.g. stainless steel). They are cold during normal operation and can extract so much heat from a flame front that combustion is extinguished. At the same time, however, they also cause a damping of rapidly propagating pressure waves 15 and therefore also protect against possible damage as a result.
- the present invention makes it possible, with simple and robust means, to significantly reduce the consequences of a flashback and, in particular, to protect a blower 7 from it and to achieve rapid extinguishing of the flames 13 .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021107709.5A DE102021107709A1 (de) | 2021-03-26 | 2021-03-26 | Anordnung zur Verminderung der Folgen eines Flammenrückschlages in einen Vormisch-Brenner eines Heizgerätes |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4063733A1 true EP4063733A1 (fr) | 2022-09-28 |
| EP4063733C0 EP4063733C0 (fr) | 2024-08-07 |
| EP4063733B1 EP4063733B1 (fr) | 2024-08-07 |
Family
ID=80628484
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22159988.9A Active EP4063733B1 (fr) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-03-03 | Appareil de chauffage avec un dispositif permettant de réduire les conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange de l'appareil de chauffage |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4063733B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE102021107709A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023105320A1 (de) * | 2023-03-03 | 2024-09-05 | Vaillant Gmbh | Brenneranordnung und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Heizgerätes |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023129676A1 (de) * | 2023-10-27 | 2025-04-30 | Vaillant Gmbh | Heizgerät |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19635974A1 (de) * | 1996-09-05 | 1998-03-12 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Gas/Luft-Mischsystem für Gasheizgeräte |
| US20120135360A1 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-31 | Fives North American Combustion, Inc. | Premix Flashback Control |
| EP3660399A1 (fr) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-03 | Bertelli & Partners S.r.l. | Dispositif de régulation d'un mélange dans un brûleur de gaz pré-mélangé |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6699035B2 (en) | 2001-09-06 | 2004-03-02 | Enardo, Inc. | Detonation flame arrestor including a spiral wound wedge wire screen for gases having a low MESG |
| US7828546B2 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2010-11-09 | General Electric Company | Naturally aspirated fluidic control for diverting strong pressure waves |
| EP1936271A1 (fr) | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-25 | Aalborg Industries A/S | Ensemble brûleur |
| DE102019101329A1 (de) | 2019-01-18 | 2020-07-23 | Vaillant Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Mischungsverhältnisses von Verbrennungsluft und Brenngas bei einem Verbrennungsprozess |
-
2021
- 2021-03-26 DE DE102021107709.5A patent/DE102021107709A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2022
- 2022-03-03 EP EP22159988.9A patent/EP4063733B1/fr active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19635974A1 (de) * | 1996-09-05 | 1998-03-12 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Gas/Luft-Mischsystem für Gasheizgeräte |
| US20120135360A1 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-31 | Fives North American Combustion, Inc. | Premix Flashback Control |
| EP3660399A1 (fr) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-03 | Bertelli & Partners S.r.l. | Dispositif de régulation d'un mélange dans un brûleur de gaz pré-mélangé |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023105320A1 (de) * | 2023-03-03 | 2024-09-05 | Vaillant Gmbh | Brenneranordnung und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Heizgerätes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4063733C0 (fr) | 2024-08-07 |
| DE102021107709A1 (de) | 2022-09-29 |
| EP4063733B1 (fr) | 2024-08-07 |
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