Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
  • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
  • G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
  • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
  • G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
  • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
  • G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
  • G01S13/951—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use ground based
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
  • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
  • G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
  • G01S13/958—Theoretical aspects
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
  • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
  • G01S15/885—Meteorological systems
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
  • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
  • G01S17/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
  • G01S17/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
  • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Definitions

• TITLE Telemetry data processing method for estimating wind speed.
• the present invention relates to a method for estimating the wind speed from telemetry data.
• the present invention aims, in particular, to determine the wind speed from telemetry data collected by a lidar, radar or sodar system.
• the present invention relates to a method based on the reconstruction of the mean wind speed from data originating from measurements carried out, sequentially or continuously, at various points in space by a lidar, radar or sodar.
• a first method consists in considering the mean wind speed as being equal to the mean over a ten-minute measurement time interval of the norm of the instantaneous wind speed vector. This method is commonly called a “scalar method”.
• a second method consists in considering the mean wind speed as being equal to the norm of the mean wind speed vector over a measurement interval of ten minutes. This method is commonly called a "vector method”.
• the sounded lidar measurements are carried out in atmospheric conditions of strong turbulence, that is to say for which there is a strong variation of the wind direction or the wind speed in a time interval of 10 minutes, the estimates made by current methods show significant deviations from the actual wind speed.
• the cup anemometer is considered the gold standard for measuring wind speed.
• the relative error between the wind speed estimated by the methods of the state of the art and the wind speed measured by a cup anemometer is less than 1%.
• the relative error between the wind speed estimated by the methods of the state of the art and the wind speed measured by a cup anemometer can reach absolute values of 4%.
• the reference tool for determining the wind speed is the cup anemometer.
• the determination of the wind speed is closely linked to the measuring device used and to the transfer function used for the determination.
• One aim of the invention is in particular:
• the method comprises a hybridization by time combination comprising:
• T / ⁇ corresponds to the number of at least two components of the mean wind speed over the partition time interval ⁇ included in the reference time interval T.
• the hybridization process by time combination according to the first alternative can comprise:
• step A reconstruction, from equations (1) to (7), of at least two components (U ⁇ , V ⁇ ) OR (V ⁇ , W ⁇ ) or (U ⁇ , W ⁇ ) among three components (U ⁇ , V ⁇ , W ⁇ ) of the mean wind speed vector over the partition time interval ⁇ ;
• the component U ⁇ being the component of the mean wind speed vector in a direction of space (d1) extending in a plane of space (p1)
• the component V ⁇ being the component of the mean wind speed vector in a direction of space (d2) extending in the plane of space p1
• the component W ⁇ being the component of the mean wind speed vector in a direction of space (d3) orthogonal to the plane p1:
• hybridization method by temporal combination according to the first alternative can comprise:
• step B the scalar reconstruction, from equations (8) to (10) and at least two components of the mean wind speed vector reconstructed in step A, of at least one mean value ( Vh avg ) of the wind speed over the reference time interval T respectively in the plane p1 or p2 or p3:
• Q is an integer between 1 and (T / ⁇ ) corresponding to the number of at least two components of the mean wind speed over the partition time interval ⁇ included in the reference time interval T.
• a value of the partition time interval ⁇ can be constant or modified during the acquisition of the telemetry data, said value of the partition time interval ⁇ being a function of:
• the method comprises a hybridization by weighting comprising:
• the method of hybridization by weighting according to the second alternative can comprise: - in step C, the vector reconstruction, from the respective equations (11) to (17), of at least two components (U i , V i ) or (V i , W i ) or (U i , W i ) among three components (U i , V i , W i ) of the instantaneous wind speed vector; i is an integer between 1 and N corresponding to the number of successive projections of the instantaneous wind speed vector over the reference time interval T, U i being the component of the instantaneous wind speed vector in a direction in space (d1) extending in a plane of space (p1) and the component V, being the component of the instantaneous speed vector of the wind in a direction of space (d2) extending in the plane of space p1 and the component W i being the component of the mean wind speed vector in a direction of space (d3) orthogonal to the plane p1:
• Equation 15 in which S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S vi are projections of the instantaneous wind speed vector along, respectively, a first axis (a1), a second axis (a2), a third axis ( a3), a fourth axis (a4) and a fifth axis (a5) coincident with the direction d3,
• Q is a non-zero angle formed between the axis a1 and a normal to the plane p1 and between the axis a2 and the normal to the plane p1 and y is a non-zero angle formed between the axis a3 and the normal to the plane p1 and the axis a4 and the normal to the plane p1
• the first and second axes a1 and a2 are included in a plane (p2)
• the third and fourth axes a3 and a4 are included in a plane (p3) and the planes p2 and p3 form
• hybridization method by temporal combination according to the second alternative can comprise:
• step D the vector reconstruction, from equations (18) to (20), of at least two components (Uvect N , Vvect N ) or (Vvect N , Wvect N ) or (Uvect N , Wvect N ) the mean wind speed vector over the reference time interval T;
• the component Uvect N being the component of the wind speed according to the direction of space dl
• the component Vvect N being the component of the wind speed according to the direction of space d2
• the component Wvect N being the component of the wind speed according to the direction of the space d3:
• step E the scalar reconstruction, from equations (21) to (23), of at least one value (Vscal i ) of the instantaneous wind speed; Vscal i corresponding to a time series of the value of the instantaneous wind speed respectively in the plane p1 or p2 or p3:
• step F determining, from equations (24) to (26) and from the value Vscal i, 1 or Vscal i, 2 or Vscal i , 3 of the instantaneous wind speed reconstructed at l step E, at least one mean value (Vhscal moy) of the wind speed respectively in the plane p1, p2 or p3 over the reference time interval T:
• step G the determination, from equations (27) to (29) and from at least two components of the reconstructed mean wind speed vector, of at least one mean value of the wind speed (Vvect avg) in the plane p1 respectively, p2 or p3 on the reference time interval T:
• step H a calculation, from equations (30) to (32) and from the pairs of reconstructed values of the wind speed (Vhscal avg , 1 , Vhvect avg , 1 ) or (Vhscal avg , 2 and Vhvect avg , 2 ) or (Vhscal avg , 3 , Vhvect avg , 3 ), of at least one mean value of the weighted wind speed (Vh avg ) respectively in the plane p1, p2 or p3 over the interval of reference time T:
• Equation 30 [Math 31] , equation 31 [Math 32] , equation 32 where P is a unitless weighting factor between 0 and 1.
• the factor P may be greater than 0.2 and / or less than 0.6, preferably greater than 0.3 and / or less than 0.5, more preferably equal to 0.33.
• a value of the factor P can be constant or modified during the acquisition of the telemetry data or during the implementation of the method, said value of the partition time interval ⁇ being a function of:
• the method of hybridization by weighting according to the second alternative can comprise an estimate of the fluctuations ⁇ of the wind speed over the reference time interval T according to equation (33):
• Equation 33 where c is a positive number and ⁇ is a zero or positive number without a unit.
• the method comprises an averaged projection comprising:
• the averaged projection hybridization process according to the third alternative can comprise:
• step I the vector reconstruction, from equations (34) to (40), of at least two components (U i , V i ) or (V i , W i ) or (U i , W i ) among three components (U i , V i , W i ) of the instantaneous wind speed vector;
• i is an integer between 1 and N corresponding to the number of successive projections of the instantaneous speed vector of the wind on a so-called reference time interval (T),
• U i being the component of the instantaneous speed vector of the wind in a direction of space (d1) extending in a plane of space (p1)
• the component V being the component of the instantaneous wind speed vector in a space direction (d2) extending in the plane of space p1 and the component W i being the component of the mean wind speed vector in a space direction (d3) orthogonal to the plane p1:
• Equation 38 in which S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S vi are projections of the instantaneous wind speed vector along, respectively, a first axis (a1), a second axis (a2), a third axis ( a3), a fourth axis (a4) and a fifth axis (a5) coincident with the direction d3,
• Q is a non-zero angle formed between the axis a1 and a normal to the plane p1 and between the axis a2 and the normal to the plane p1 and y is a non-zero angle formed between the axis a3 and the normal to the plane p1 and the axis a4 and the normal to the plane p1
• the first and second axes a1 and a2 are included in a plane (p2)
• the third and fourth axes a3 and a4 are included in a plane (p3) and the planes p2 and
• step J the determination, from the equations (41) to (42) and from the at least two components of the instantaneous speed vector of the reconstructed wind, at least one mean value (Vh avg) of the wind speed respectively in the plane p1, p2 or p3 over the reference time interval T:
• the method of hybridization by averaged projection according to the third alternative can comprise an estimate of a direction of the wind (dir) in the plane p1 according to equation (44):
• Equation 44 where tan -1 is the arc tangent function, the estimated wind direction is an angular value between the wind direction and the direction dl and in which Vrec and Urec are each:
• the method according to any one of the first, second and / or third alternatives can comprise a step of measuring the projections S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S vi of the instantaneous speed vector of the wind by means of at least a measuring laser beam extending along each of the respective axes a1, a2, a3, a4 and a5.
• the method according to any one of the first, second and / or third alternatives can be implemented by computer.
• a data processing device comprising means arranged and / or programmed and / or configured to implement the method according to any one of the first, second and / or third alternatives.
• a computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, lead the latter to implement the method according to any one of the first, second and / or third alternatives.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic representation of a side view of an optical system for the acquisition of telemetry data used for the implementation of the method according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a functional diagram of a first alternative of the method according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 is a functional diagram of a second alternative of the method according to the invention.
• FIG. 4 is a functional diagram of a third alternative of the method according to the invention.
• variants of the invention comprising only a selection of characteristics described, isolated from the other characteristics described (even if this selection is isolated within a sentence. including these other characteristics), if this selection of characteristics is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art.
• This selection comprises at least one characteristic, preferably functional without structural details, or with only part of the structural details if this part alone is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art. .
• FIGURE 1 illustrates an example of an optical system 1 for acquiring telemetry data.
• the optical system 1 emits five optical measurement beams each extending along a different axis a1, a2, a3, a4 and a5.
• this system can be a LIDAR type Lidar with continuous measurement technology or Lidar with pulsed measurement technology.
• it is envisaged to estimate the mean wind speed in the pl plane.
• those skilled in the art will also be able to estimate the speed of the wind in space.
• the axis a5 is vertical
• the axis a1 is inclined by an angle ⁇ , which is here equal to 28 °, with respect to the axis a5 in the direction of magnetic north
• l 'axis a2 is inclined by an angle ⁇ with respect to axis a5 in a southerly direction
• axis a3 is inclined by an angle ⁇ , which is here equal to 28 °, with respect to axis a5 in east direction
• the axis a4 is inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to the axis a5 in a westerly direction.
• the planes p2 and p3 form an angle a, which is here equal to 90 °.
• the angle ⁇ formed by axis a1 and axis a2 with respect to axis a5 and the angle ⁇ formed by axis a3 and axis a4 with respect to axis a5 are identical. Those skilled in the art will also know how to adapt the method according to the invention to the case where these angles are different.
• the wind can be characterized by its direction and its strength or magnitude.
• the wind is defined by a wind vector comprising three components (U, V, W), generally U represents the component of the wind vector along the axis going from north to south, V represents the component of the wind vector along the axis going from east to west and W represents the component of the wind vector on the axis normal to the surface from the earth to the measuring point.
• the measurement of this wind vector is carried out by measuring the speed of movement of particles according to each of the beams.
• the instantaneous values measured according to each of the beams are projected components S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S vi of the wind vector.
• the system delivers 5 measurements S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S vi every 4 seconds.
• a measurement is available approximately every 0.8 seconds.
• M which is equal to the division of ⁇ (in seconds) by 4, sets of projected components S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S vi . It is then necessary to reconstruct the components (U, V, W) of the wind vector from the measured instantaneous projections S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S vi .
• the method of processing telemetry data for estimating a wind speed according to the invention can be implemented on data measured in real time or on stored data such as stored measured data, data. statistics or even unmeasured data (for example data from simulation).
• the instantaneous wind speed vector, from which the method for processing telemetry data for estimating a wind speed according to the invention is implemented is measured by telemetry, for example by a LIDAR.
• the telemetry data processing method for estimating a wind speed according to the invention is implemented on the data relating to the instantaneous wind speed vector which is measured by telemetry, for example by a LIDAR.
• the measurement interval T is typically a time interval of 10 min which allows to isolate the energy produced by the wind turbine. This interval is called the reference time interval T.
• the method for processing telemetry data according to the invention makes it possible to estimate the mean wind speed over this reference interval.
• the hybridization method by time combination comprises:
• step A reconstruction, from equations 1 and 2 and the two components Un, Vn of the wind vector along the north / south and east / west axis respectively, of the mean wind speed vector over the interval of partition time ⁇ ;
• component Un being the component of the mean wind speed vector in a direction of space d1 corresponding to the north / south axis extending in a plane of space p1 corresponding to the plane tangent to the surface of the earth at level of the measurement point and the component Vn being the component of the mean wind speed vector in a direction of space d2 corresponding to the east / west axis extending in the plane of space p1:
• step B the scalar reconstruction, from equation 6 and the two components of the mean wind speed vector reconstructed in step A, Un and V ⁇ , of the mean value Vh ave of the wind speed horizontal over the reference time interval T in the plane p1:
• Q is equal to T / ⁇ and corresponds to the number of components U ⁇ and V ⁇ of the mean wind speed over the partition time interval ⁇ included in the reference time interval T.
• the value of the partition time interval ⁇ is constant or modified during the acquisition of the telemetry data, said value of the partition time interval ⁇ being a function: - the type of telemetry system from which the telemetry data is acquired, and / or
• the value of ⁇ can be adapted to the amplitude of variation of the direction and the speed of the horizontal wind, indicated for example by the calculation of the standard deviation of the direction and the speed of the horizontal wind, or to the value of the estimated average wind speed,
• FIGURE 3 is presented the functional diagram of the telemetry data processing method for estimating a wind speed according to a second alternative according to the invention.
• the method comprises a hybridization by weighting comprising:
• step C of vectorial reconstruction of at least two components of an instantaneous wind speed vector from projections of the instantaneous wind speed vector
• a vector reconstruction step D over a so-called reference time interval T of at least two components of an average wind speed vector from N, which for a time interval of 10 minutes, i.e. 600 seconds and for an acquisition of a projection set of the instantaneous speed vector every 4 seconds is equal to 150, of the two components, included over the reference time interval T, of the reconstructed instantaneous speed vector of the wind,
• the weighting hybridization method comprises:
• step C a reconstruction, from the respective equations 11 and 12, of at least two components (U i , V i ) of an instantaneous wind speed vector along the north / south axis, and east / west respectively;
• i is an integer between 1 and N corresponding to the number of successive projections of the instantaneous wind speed vector over a so-called reference time interval T,
• U i being the component of the instantaneous wind speed vector in a direction in space d1 corresponding to the north / south axis extending in a plane of space p1 corresponding to the plane tangent to the earth's surface at the level of the measurement point and the component V i being the component of the instantaneous wind speed vector in a direction of space d2 corresponding to the east / west axis extending in the plane of space p1:
• step D a reconstruction, from equations 18 and 19, of the two components (Uvect N , Vvect N ) of an average wind speed vector over the reference time interval T along the north axis / south, and east / west respectively;
• the component Uvect N being the component of the wind speed according to the direction of the space d1
• the component Vvect N being the component of the wind speed according to the direction of the space d2:
• step E a reconstruction, from equation 21, of at least one scalar value (Vscal i ) of the instantaneous wind speed; Vscal i corresponding to a time series of the scalar value of the instantaneous wind speed respectively in the plane p1:
• step F a calculation, from the equation 24 and from the scalar value Vscal i, 1 of the speed of the reconstructed instant wind, Vhscal moy average value of the norm of the wind speed respectively in the plane p1 on the reference time interval T
• step G a calculation, from the equation 27 and from the two components of the average velocity of the reconstructed wind, the average value of the Average Vvect wind speed in the p1 plane on the interval of reference time T:
• step H a calculation, from equation 30 and from the pairs of reconstructed values of the wind speed (Vhscal avg , 1 , Vhvect avg , 1 ), of the average value of the speed of the weighted wind Vh avg in the plane p1 over the reference time interval T:
• Equation 30 in which P is a unitless weighting factor between 0 and 1.
• the factor P is greater than 0.2 and / or less than 0.6, preferably greater than 0.3 and / or less than 0.5, more preferably equal to 0.33. Under standard atmospheric conditions and for the system rangefinder whose configuration is shown in FIGURE 1, the number that gives the best estimates is about 0.33.
• the method comprises an estimate of the fluctuations s of the wind speed over the reference time interval T according to equation 33:
• Equation 33 in which it is a positive number and ⁇ a zero or positive number without a unit. This estimate is an approximation of the value of the standard deviation of the horizontal speed and direction which makes it possible to classify the measured wind flow in categories to be defined as high turbulence or low turbulence.
• FIGURE 4 is presented the functional diagram of the telemetry data processing method for estimating a wind speed according to a third alternative according to the invention.
• the method comprises a hybridization by averaged projection comprising:
• step J for determining at least one mean value Vh moy of the wind velocity over the time interval T by projection, on the time interval T, of the at least two components of the instantaneous velocity vector of the reconstructed wind in step I.
• the hybridization method by averaged projection comprises:
• step I the vector reconstruction, from equations 34 and 35, of the two components (U i , V i ) of the instantaneous wind speed vector along the north / south axis, and east / west respectively;
• i is an integer between 1 and N corresponding to the number of successive projections of the instantaneous wind speed vector over a so-called reference time interval T,
• U i being the component of the instantaneous wind speed vector in a direction in space d1 corresponding to the north / south axis extending in a plane of space p1 corresponding to the plane on the surface of the earth at the level of the measurement point and the component V i being the component of the instantaneous speed vector of the wind in a direction of space d2 corresponding to the east / west axis extending in the plane of space p1:
• step J the determination, from the equation 41 and from the two components of the instantaneous speed vector of the reconstructed wind, the average value Vh moy of the wind speed in the p1 plane respectively on the reference time interval T:

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• 2019
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