EP4097749B1 - Commutateur pour un changeur de prises de charge et commutateur de charge pour un changeur de prises de charge - Google Patents

Commutateur pour un changeur de prises de charge et commutateur de charge pour un changeur de prises de charge

Info

Publication number
EP4097749B1
EP4097749B1 EP21702642.6A EP21702642A EP4097749B1 EP 4097749 B1 EP4097749 B1 EP 4097749B1 EP 21702642 A EP21702642 A EP 21702642A EP 4097749 B1 EP4097749 B1 EP 4097749B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
switch
arcing
arcing contact
moving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21702642.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4097749A1 (fr
EP4097749C0 (fr
Inventor
Christian Hammer
Silke Wrede
Markus ZINTL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Scheubeck GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH, Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Publication of EP4097749A1 publication Critical patent/EP4097749A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4097749B1 publication Critical patent/EP4097749B1/fr
Publication of EP4097749C0 publication Critical patent/EP4097749C0/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0016—Contact arrangements for tap changers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0027—Operating mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/38—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/40—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2066—Fork-shaped bridge; Two transversally connected contact arms bridging two fixed contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0016—Contact arrangements for tap changers
    • H01H2009/0022—Mounting of the fixed contacts or taps on cylindrical wall of oil vessel containing the tap changer; Details of screening

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switch for an on-load tap changer of a tapped transformer and a load diverter switch for an on-load tap changer of a tapped transformer.
  • German patent application DE 10 2014 107 273 A1 discloses a switch for a load transfer switch of an on-load tap-changer with a discharge contact, a primary fixed contact, and several primary moving contacts arranged in a stack in a contact carrier.
  • the switch also includes two identically constructed primary arcing contacts.
  • WO 2017/036496 A1 discloses a switch for an on-load tap changer of a tapped transformer, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a switch having the features of claim 1.
  • the switch comprises a shunt contact, a primary fixed contact, and at least one contact unit.
  • the contact unit has at least one movable contact, a first arcing contact, and a second arcing contact, which, during a switching operation of the switch, are pivotable together about a pivot axis such that they each have a first Position in which they contact the shunt contact and the primary fixed contact, and a second position in which they are separated from the shunt contact and the primary fixed contact.
  • the second arcing contact When switching the contact unit from the second position to the first position, the second arcing contact assumes the first position in front of the first arcing contact, and when switching from the first position to the second position, the second arcing contact leaves the first position after the first arcing contact.
  • the first erosion contact when switching the contact unit from the second position to the first position, assumes the first position in front of the at least one movable contact and when switching from the first position to the second position, the first erosion contact leaves the first position after the at least one movable contact.
  • This multi-stage commutation has the advantage that the duration of an arc at the first and second arcing contacts or the moving contact is shortened, and thus the contact erosion at the first and second arcing contacts or the moving contact is also reduced.
  • the movable contact is made of copper
  • the first consumable contact is made of brass
  • the second consumable contact is made of stainless steel.
  • the movable contact and/or the first erosion contact and/or the second erosion contact have a different geometric shape.
  • the at least one movable contact, the first erosion contact and the second erosion contact each have two contact areas with which they rest on the discharge contact and the associated fixed contact in the first position.
  • At least one of the two contact areas may be made of a material different from the material of the rest of the contact, for example an arc-resistant copper-tungsten sintered material.
  • the first erosion contact and the second erosion contact are arranged in the second position relative to the movable contact such that at least one contact region of the first erosion contact and/or the second erosion contact protrudes relative to the contact regions of the movable contact.
  • the second erosion contact is arranged in the second position relative to the first erosion contact such that at least one contact area of the second erosion contact protrudes relative to the contact areas of the first erosion contact.
  • a contact area that protrudes from the other contact areas causes the corresponding contact to be positioned earlier on the contact when switching to the first position.
  • the arcing contact and/or the primary fixed contact is generated more rapidly than contacts with no or a less protruding contact area, and the arcing contact and/or the primary fixed contact is released more slowly when switching from the first position to the second position. This can influence the duration of an arc at a contact and the contact erosion.
  • the switch comprises a contact carrier pivotably mounted about the pivot axis, comprising a first support plate and a second support plate arranged parallel to the first support plate. Furthermore, the contact carrier comprises at least one further movable contact, wherein the movable contacts, the first arcing contact, and the second arcing contact are arranged between the support plates.
  • the movable contacts are preferably identical in shape and material.
  • the movable contacts, the first erosion contact, and the second erosion contact are arranged in a stack in the contact carrier.
  • the movable contacts, the first erosion contact, and the second erosion contact each have two parallel, superimposed elongated holes. They are movably mounted between the support plates by means of guide bolts that pass through the elongated holes.
  • the first contact unit 12 comprises a contact stack with a first arcing contact 17, a second arcing contact 18, and a plurality of movable contacts 16 arranged between the arcing contacts 17 and 18.
  • the second contact unit 37 also comprises a contact stack with a third arcing contact 38, a fourth arcing contact 39, and a plurality of movable contacts 16 arranged between the arcing contacts 38 and 39.
  • the discharge contact 13, the fixed contacts 14, 15, and the movable contacts 16, which are structurally identical to one another, are made of copper.
  • the first and third arcing contacts 17, 38 are structurally identical to one another and are made of brass.
  • the second and fourth arcing contacts 18, 39 are also structurally identical to one another and are made of stainless steel.
  • the fork 51 is attached to the lever 50 between the two lateral arms 501, 502 on the side facing away from the central arm 503 and has an elongated hole that extends the central arm 503 and is open at its outer end, remote from the lever 50.
  • the contact stacks 16/17/18 and 16/38/39 are each movably mounted on the support plates 201, 202 by two guide pins 32, which extend through parallel elongated holes 31 in the contact stacks 16/17/18, 16/38/39 and are made of metal.
  • the free end of the central arm 503 is pivotally mounted about the pivot axis 21.
  • the support plates 201, 202 and consequently also the contact carrier 20, the fork 51, and the contact stacks 16/17/18, 16/38/39 are pivotally mounted relative to the discharge contact 13 and the fixed contacts 14, 15 about the pivot axis 21.
  • the contact stacks 16/17/18, 16/38/39 and the contact carrier 20 thus form a one-sided lever with respect to the pivot axis 21.
  • the guide bolts 32 together with the elongated holes 31 form a mechanical stop for the movable contacts 16 and the first, second, third and fourth arcing contacts 17, 18, 38, 39 during the switching process of the switch 10, i.e. during the pivoting movement of the contact stacks 16/17/18, 16/38/39, with respect to the force acting on them by the compression springs ( Figure 3 ) exerted force.
  • the elongated holes 31 of the movable contacts 16, those of the first and third arcing contacts 17, 38 and those of the second and fourth arcing contacts 18, 39 are each designed with different lengths.
  • the elongated holes of the second and fourth arcing contacts 18, 39 are the longest.
  • the drive roller 43 is slidably seated in the elongated hole of the fork 51, so that a rotation of the switching shaft 41 via the driver 42, the drive roller 43, and the fork 51 pivots the lever 50 in the opposite direction about the pivot axis 21, and this pivoting movement is transmitted to the contact stacks 16/17/18, 16/38/39 via the plurality of bolts, the support plates 201, 202, and the four guide bolts 32.
  • the contact stacks 16/17/18, 16/38/39 are arranged symmetrically to the lever 50 on both sides of the middle arm 503 such that the fourth arcing contact 39 is on a level with the first arcing contact 17 and the third arcing contact 38 is on a Level with the second arcing contact 18.
  • the second and fourth arcing contacts 18, 39 have several recesses 52 in the stainless steel contact carrier, similar to a honeycomb structure, which increases the resistance of the arcing contacts or reduces the electrical conductivity.
  • the compression springs 46 press the contact stack 16/17/18 against the guide pin 32. Due to the different lengths of the elongated holes 31, the contact area 23 of the second arcing contact protrudes from the contact areas 23 of the first arcing contact 17 and the movable contacts 16. The contact area 23 of the first arcing contact 17 protrudes from the contact areas 23 of the movable contacts 16.
  • the contact stack 16/38/39 (in Figure 3 not shown) is constructed analogously except for the first and second erosion contacts 38 and 39, which are arranged interchangeably with respect to the contact stack 16/17/18.
  • FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a further advantageous embodiment of the load diverter switch 30. This embodiment is similar to the embodiments described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, so that the differences will be explained in more detail below.
  • the load diverter switch 30 has three sectors, each with a switch 10.
  • switches 10 reference is made analogously to the previous explanations.
  • a driver roller 43 is arranged in each corner of the driver 42.
  • the three driver rollers 43 and the three switches 10 are arranged offset by 120° around the switching shaft 41 and are actuated synchronously by rotating the switching shaft 41.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Commutateur (10) pour un changeur de prises en charge (40) d'un transformateur à prises, comprenant
    - un contact de dérivation (13) ;
    - un contact primaire fixe (14) ;
    - au moins une unité de contact (12) comprenant un contact mobile (16), un premier contact d'usure (17) et un deuxième contact d'usure (18) qui, lors d'une opération de commutation du commutateur (10), peuvent pivoter autour d'un axe de pivotement (21) de manière à pouvoir prendre respectivement une première position dans laquelle ils sont en contact avec le contact de fuite (13) et le contact fixe primaire (14) et une deuxième position dans laquelle ils sont séparés du contact de fuite (13) et du contact fixe primaire (14) ;
    caractérisé en ce que
    - lors du passage de la deuxième position à la première position, le deuxième contact d'érosion (18) prend la première position avant le premier contact d'érosion (17) et, lors du passage de la première position à la deuxième position, quitte la première position après le premier contact d'érosion (17).
  2. Interrupteur (10) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel
    - lors du passage de la deuxième position à la première position, le premier contact d'usure (17) prend la première position avant le contact mobile (16) et, lors du passage de la première position à la deuxième position, quitte la première position après le contact mobile (16).
  3. Interrupteur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    - le contact mobile (16), le premier contact d'usure (17) et le deuxième contact d'usure (18) sont constitués de matériaux différents qui présentent une conductivité électrique différente.
  4. Interrupteur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    - le contact mobile (16) et/ou le premier contact d'usure (17) et/ou le deuxième contact d'usure (18) présentent une forme géométrique différente.
  5. Interrupteur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    - le contact mobile (16), le premier contact d'usure (17) et le deuxième contact d'usure (18) présentent chacun des zones d'appui (23) par lesquelles ils s'appuient dans la première position sur le contact de dérivation (13) et le contact fixe (14).
  6. Interrupteur (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    - le premier contact d'érosion (17) et le deuxième contact d'érosion (18) sont disposés dans la deuxième position par rapport au contact mobile (16) de telle sorte qu'au moins une zone d'appui (23) du premier contact d'érosion (17) et/ou du deuxième contact d'érosion (18) fait saillie par rapport aux zones d'appui du contact mobile (16).
  7. Interrupteur (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant
    - un support de contact (20) comprenant une première plaque de support (201) et une deuxième plaque de support (202) disposée parallèlement à la première plaque de support (201),
    - au moins un autre contact mobile (16), dans lequel
    - les contacts mobiles (16), le premier contact d'usure (17) et le deuxième contact d'usure (18) sont montés sur les plaques de support (201, 202) et sont disposés entre les plaques de support (201, 202).
  8. Interrupteur (10) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel
    - les contacts mobiles (16) et le premier contact d'usure (17) et le deuxième contact d'usure (18) sont disposés en pile dans le support de contacts (20) et présentent chacun des trous oblongs (31) parallèles et superposés ;
    - les contacts mobiles (16), le premier contact d'usure (17) et le deuxième contact d'usure (18) sont montés mobiles entre les plaques de support (201, 202) au moyen de boulons de guidage (32) qui traversent les trous oblongs (31).
  9. Interrupteur (10) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel
    - les goujons de guidage (32) avec les trous oblongs (31) forment une butée mécanique pour les contacts mobiles (16), le premier contact d'usure (17) et le deuxième contact d'usure (18) lors de l'opération de commutation de l'interrupteur (10).
  10. Interrupteur (10) selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, dans lequel
    - les trous oblongs (31) des contacts mobiles (16), du premier contact d'usure (17) et du deuxième contact d'usure (18) ont chacun une longueur différente, de sorte que les contacts mobiles (16), le premier contact d'usure (17) et le deuxième contact d'usure (18) atteignent la butée mécanique à des instants différents lors de l'opération de commutation du commutateur (10).
  11. Interrupteur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    - les contacts mobiles (16), le premier contact d'usure (17) et le deuxième contact d'usure (18) sont disposés sur le porte-contacts (20) de telle sorte que, dans la première position, ils sont précontraints élastiquement contre le contact de dérivation (13) et le contact fixe primaire (14).
  12. Interrupteur (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    - les contacts mobiles (16), le premier contact d'érosion (17) et le deuxième contact d'érosion (18) sont disposés en pile de telle sorte que les contacts mobiles (16) sont disposés entre le premier contact d'érosion (17) et le deuxième contact d'érosion (18).
  13. Interrupteur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant un contact fixe secondaire (15) et une deuxième unité de contact (37) disposée symétriquement par rapport à l'unité de contact (12) par rapport à un axe de symétrie (22) passant par l'axe de pivotement (21) et comportant un troisième contact d'érosion (38) identique au premier contact d'érosion (17) et un quatrième contact d'érosion (39) identique au deuxième contact d'érosion (18), dans lequel
    - le quatrième contact d'usure (39) est situé dans un plan avec le premier contact d'usure (17) et le troisième contact d'usure (38) est situé dans un plan avec le deuxième contact d'usure (18).
  14. Interrupteur (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, qui est conçu comme un interrupteur principal permanent (10) ou comme un sectionneur (10) pour un ou dans un commutateur de charge (30) d'un changeur de prises en charge (40).
  15. Commutateur de charge (30) pour ou dans un changeur de prises en charge (40) d'un transformateur à prises, comprenant
    - un interrupteur (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes 1 à 14 ;
    - un premier trajet de courant (61) comprenant au moins un contact mobile (16) du commutateur (10) ;
    - un deuxième trajet de courant (62) comprenant un premier contact d'usure (17, 38) de l'interrupteur (10) ;
    - un troisième trajet de courant (63) comprenant un deuxième contact d'usure (18, 39) de l'interrupteur (10) ;
    - un quatrième trajet de courant (64) comprenant au moins un tube interrupteur à vide (19) ;
    - un cinquième trajet de courant (65) reliant l'interrupteur (10) à une dérivation (60) ;
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le premier trajet de courant (61) présente une certaine résistance (R1),
    - le deuxième trajet de courant (62) présente une résistance (R2) qui est supérieure à la résistance (R1) du premier trajet de courant (61),
    - le troisième trajet de courant (63) présente une résistance (R3) qui est supérieure à la résistance (R2) du deuxième trajet de courant (62).
  16. Commutateur de charge (30) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel
    - les résistances (R2, R3) du deuxième et du troisième trajet de courant (62, 63) peuvent être déterminées par le matériau du contact d'usure respectif (17, 18, 38, 39) et/ou par la forme géométrique du contact d'usure respectif (17, 18, 38, 39).
EP21702642.6A 2020-02-27 2021-01-29 Commutateur pour un changeur de prises de charge et commutateur de charge pour un changeur de prises de charge Active EP4097749B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020105113.1A DE102020105113B3 (de) 2020-02-27 2020-02-27 Schalter für einen laststufenschalter und lastumschalter für einen laststufenschalter
PCT/EP2021/052053 WO2021170340A1 (fr) 2020-02-27 2021-01-29 Commutateur pour changeur de prises en charge et commutateur de transfert de charge pour changeur de prises en charge

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4097749A1 EP4097749A1 (fr) 2022-12-07
EP4097749B1 true EP4097749B1 (fr) 2025-08-20
EP4097749C0 EP4097749C0 (fr) 2025-08-20

Family

ID=74494906

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21702642.6A Active EP4097749B1 (fr) 2020-02-27 2021-01-29 Commutateur pour un changeur de prises de charge et commutateur de charge pour un changeur de prises de charge

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US12142448B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP4097749B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN115104167A (fr)
DE (1) DE102020105113B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021170340A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113835025B (zh) * 2021-09-18 2022-05-27 广东电网有限责任公司 有载分接开关动作模拟试验装置及试验方法
CN119694812A (zh) * 2023-09-22 2025-03-25 上海良信电器股份有限公司 一种触头组件、极单元、转换开关、低压开关及配电设备
US20250259805A1 (en) * 2024-02-14 2025-08-14 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Secondary arcing contact for an electrical switch
CN121964359B (zh) * 2026-04-01 2026-06-12 浙江法拉迪电气股份有限公司 一种用于变流调压器的组合式快速有载分接与移相装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB530197A (en) * 1938-06-30 1940-12-06 Westinghouse Electric Int Co Improvements in or relating to contact systems for electric circuit interrupters
US3215803A (en) * 1962-12-31 1965-11-02 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Contact structure for circuit breaker
US3433915A (en) * 1967-07-19 1969-03-18 Gen Electric Contact structure for an electric circuit breaker
US3691511A (en) * 1970-10-05 1972-09-12 Bunker Ramo Plug connection contact with high security against burning off
DE2329562A1 (de) 1973-06-09 1975-01-02 Transformatoren Union Ag Waehler fuer stufenschalter
KR100496596B1 (ko) * 2002-02-22 2005-06-22 미쓰비시덴키 가부시키가이샤 기중차단기
DE102010015051B4 (de) * 2010-04-15 2012-06-14 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Mechanischer Schaltkontakt
JP2013247170A (ja) * 2012-05-24 2013-12-09 Toshiba Corp 切換開閉器およびこれを用いた負荷時タップ切換装置
DE102014107273B4 (de) * 2014-05-23 2016-10-27 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Schalter für eine Schaltvorrichtung und Lastumschalter für einen Laststufenschalter eines Stelltransformators
DE102014107722B3 (de) * 2014-06-02 2015-09-03 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Schalter für eine Schaltvorrichtung, Lastumschalter eines Laststufenschalters sowie Dauerhauptschalter und Trennschalter hierfür
KR102508893B1 (ko) * 2015-08-28 2023-03-09 마쉬넨파브릭 레인하우센 게엠베하 온-부하 탭 절환기를 위한 부하 전달 스위치 및 이를 위한 연속 메인 스위치 및 격리 스위치

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4097749A1 (fr) 2022-12-07
WO2021170340A1 (fr) 2021-09-02
US12142448B2 (en) 2024-11-12
US20230045653A1 (en) 2023-02-09
DE102020105113B3 (de) 2021-06-10
CN115104167A (zh) 2022-09-23
EP4097749C0 (fr) 2025-08-20

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