EP4100376A1 - Vitrage à couches et sa fabrication - Google Patents
Vitrage à couches et sa fabricationInfo
- Publication number
- EP4100376A1 EP4100376A1 EP21707342.8A EP21707342A EP4100376A1 EP 4100376 A1 EP4100376 A1 EP 4100376A1 EP 21707342 A EP21707342 A EP 21707342A EP 4100376 A1 EP4100376 A1 EP 4100376A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glazing
- layer
- face
- layered
- sion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3429—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating
- C03C17/3435—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating comprising a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3429—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating
- C03C17/3447—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating comprising a halide
- C03C17/3452—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating comprising a halide comprising a fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
- C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties
- C03C2204/08—Glass having a rough surface
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/425—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a porous layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/90—Other aspects of coatings
- C03C2217/94—Transparent conductive oxide layers [TCO] being part of a multilayer coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/90—Other aspects of coatings
- C03C2217/94—Transparent conductive oxide layers [TCO] being part of a multilayer coating
- C03C2217/948—Layers comprising indium tin oxide [ITO]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of glazing.
- the present invention relates to a layered glazing, and according to a second aspect, also relates to a method of manufacturing such a layered glazing.
- Patent application EP-A1 -2340706 discloses transparent glazing making it possible to optimize the yield of an agricultural greenhouse.
- Figure 1 of this patent application illustrates a transparent glazing 100 provided with a transparent substrate 108, a coating of conductive oxide 104 Sn02: F and an anti-reflective multilayer alternating twice Ti02 and Si02, deposited by magnetron sputtering.
- This particular arrangement makes it possible to reduce the transmission of light in the near infrared spectrum while maintaining relatively good transmission of light in the spectral range of photosynthetic active radiation and thus resulting in good greenhouse efficiency.
- the invention offers a solution to the problem mentioned above, while maintaining a requirement of high light transmission and good thermal insulation, in particular for building applications, in particular for glazing.
- greenhouse or refrigerated equipment glazing or exterior glazing such as a roof or veranda or window or even an oven door.
- One aspect of the invention relates to a layered glazing comprising: a transparent substrate having an inner surface and an outer surface, preferably made of glass, a stack of layers comprising:
- a low emissivity coating comprising at least one layer based on transparent conductive oxide, called the TCO layer,
- a first anti-reflective layer in the visible range based on nanoporous silica, in particular a layer of nanoporous silica (doped or not).
- the first antireflection layer based on nanoporous silica intrinsically exhibiting a low refractive index in the visible range through its porosity, the light transmission is increased in a simple manner (a single layer is sufficient) and reproducible for example by implementing a liquid deposition.
- the use of a first antireflection layer in the visible range based on nanoporous silica not only makes it possible to considerably increase the light transmission factor TL or in particular the hemispherical transmission factor TLH, sometimes denoted THEM, in the case of greenhouses. , but also to maintain a constant energy transmission.
- the emissivity can be defined according to standard EN 12898.
- the emissivity of the layered glazing according to the invention is at most 0.4 or at most 0.3.
- the layered glazing according to one aspect of the invention may have one or more additional characteristics among the following, considered individually or in any technically possible combination.
- the refractive indices are measured in the visible.
- the glazing comprises on the other of the inner or outer surfaces, a second antireflection layer in the visible range based on nanoporous silica, in particular a layer of nanoporous silica.
- the structuring of the antireflection layer in pores can be linked to the sol-gel type synthesis technique, which allows the mineral material to be condensed with a pore-forming agent suitably chosen, for example solid.
- the first antireflection layer and / or the second antireflection layer is a sol-gel or sol-gel type coating, in particular a layer of sol-gel silica, doped or not.
- the first antireflection layer and / or the second antireflection layer is a sol-gel or sol-gel type coating, in particular a layer of sol-gel silica doped or not, exhibiting a series of closed nanopores, in particular with a rate of nanopores of at most 70%, preferably from 35% to 70% and more preferably from 45% to 70%.
- the first antireflection layer and / or the second antireflection layer in particular a layer of sol-gel silica doped or not, has a series of closed nanopores whose characteristic dimension, less than 1 the thickness is on average preferably greater than or equal to 20 nm and preferably less than or equal to 250 nm, preferably less than or equal to 150 nm or 100 nm.
- the first antireflection layer and / or the second antireflection layer comprises a layer, in particular of sol-gel silica doped or not, comprising a set of silica nanoparticles of size at most 100 nm and preferably at least 10 nm optionally in a silica binder over a fraction of the thickness, thus allowing the nanoparticles to emerge.
- the first antireflection layer and / or the second antireflection layer in particular layer of sol-gel silica doped or not, has a refractive index in the visible range of less than 1, 4 or more. less than or equal to 1.35, or even or less than or equal to 1, 3 and a thickness of at most 150 nm, in particular from 50 nm to 150 nm.
- the first antireflection layer and / or the second antireflection layer can be doped.
- the anti-reflective layer can be a nanoporous silica (sol-gel) layer doped with doping elements chosen from Al, Zr, B, Sn, Zn.
- the dopant is introduced to replace the Si atoms in a molar percentage which can preferably reach 10%, even more preferably up to 5%.
- the transparent substrate is a sheet of glass, for example float, soda-lime, in particular clear or extraclear, in particular flat or curved and preferably thermally toughened (in particular with the stacking above).
- the outer face of the substrate in particular glass, is textured, in particular such that if n is the refractive index of the substrate, Pm is the average slope in degrees of the textured face, Y (q) is the percentage of the textured surface with a slope greater than q / (n-1) in degrees, then we have the two cumulative conditions
- the glass substrate according to the invention is preferably of the float type, that is to say capable of having been obtained by a process consisting in pouring the molten glass onto a bath of molten tin (bath "Float”).
- the stack according to the invention can equally well be deposited on the "tin” side as on the “atmosphere” side of the substrate.
- the expression “atmosphere” and “tin” faces is understood to mean, the faces of the substrate having been respectively in contact with the atmosphere prevailing in the float bath and in contact with molten tin.
- the tin side contains a small surface amount of tin which has diffused into the structure of the glass.
- At least one glass sheet can be tempered or hardened, to impart improved mechanical strength properties to it.
- thermal quenching can also be used to improve the emissivity properties of a TCO layer.
- at least one sheet of glass of the glazing can be laminated to another sheet by means of an interlayer made of a polymer such as polyvinlybutyral (PVB) .
- PVB polyvinlybutyral
- the flexible polyurethane PU used, a plasticizer-free thermoplastic such as ethylene / vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, an ionomer resin.
- EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate
- the greenhouse glazing (greenhouse roof) can be monolithic or even double glazed and even laminated.
- the greenhouse glazing is inclined between 20 ° and 25 ° relative to the horizontal. It can be an opening.
- the glazing is thermally toughened.
- the number is numbered starting from the outside, the outside face, F1; interior face, F2 in the case of monolithic glazing.
- the faces F5 and F6 are added by adding a third sheet of glass.
- a polymeric material is preferred which, while holding well on the glass (in particular mineral) for its sealing function does not dry immediately, for example in at least 15 min or in at least 30min, for example a few hours.
- the material of the seal ensuring the mechanical strength of the glazing and watertightness
- silicone polyurethane two-component
- polysulfide two-component
- a hot-melt material one-component
- Insulating glazing is known for the opening of an enclosure or refrigerated cabinet, enclosure in which are exposed cold or frozen products, such as food products or drinks, or any other products requiring storage in the cold , for example pharmaceuticals or even flowers.
- Insulating glazing consists of at least two glass substrates separated by a gas layer and provided for at least one of them with a low-emissive coating.
- the refrigerated enclosure When products stored in a refrigerated enclosure must remain visible, as is the case in many current commercial premises, the refrigerated enclosure is fitted with glazed parts which transform it into a refrigerated "showcase” whose common name is ”Refrigerated display cabinet”. There are several variations of these “showcases”. Some have the form of a cabinet and then, it is the door itself which is transparent, others constitute chests and it is the horizontal cover (horizontal door) which is glazed to allow observation. content.
- the stack is positioned on the outer surface which is the face F1 or the inner surface which is the face F2, possibly the second antireflection layer on face F2 or for laminated glazing, in particular greenhouse, the stack is positioned on the exposed outer surface which is face F1 and possibly the second antireflection layer on face F2, or the exposed inner surface which is the face F4 and possibly the second anti-reflective layer on face F1 or for a door of (commercial) refrigeration equipment, in particular in a vertical mounted position, in monolithic, flat or curved glazing, preferably toughened, the stack is positioned on the surface interior which is face F2, or for a freezer cover, in particular in the horizontal mounted position, in monolithic glazing, the stack is positioned on the exposed internal surface which is the face F2, for a double glazing comprising a first external glazing, preferably toughened, a second glazing more interior, preferably tempered, the stack is positioned on the interior face F2 of the first
- any glass sheet according to the invention can have a thickness of 2 to 8 mm, preferably 3 to 5 mm for the commercial refrigeration, greenhouses and oven doors.
- the transparent substrate is a double or triple glazing and the stack is positioned on the inner surface of the first or second glazing.
- the stack is positioned on the exterior surface.
- the transparent substrate is a laminated glazing formed of two glasses linked by a lamination interlayer: on the outer face F1 the second antireflection layer arranged is a coating (of the type) sol-gel, in particular of sol-gel silica doped or not, on the inside face, e exposed F4 of the transparent substrate, the low emissivity coating is placed and the first antireflection layer in the visible range based on nanoporous silica placed on the low emissivity coating is a sol-gel type coating.
- the TCO layer comprises a layer based on tin oxide preferably doped with fluorine or antimony over all or part of its thickness and has a thickness of at least plus 600 nm, especially from 100 nm to 600 nm.
- the glazing comprises between the TCO layer and the first anti-reflective layer one or more layers having a maximum cumulative thickness of at most 100nm, at most 70nm.
- the low-emissivity coating comprises, starting from the transparent substrate, the following layers: a first, dielectric, optional layer, in particular blocking with alkalis when the substrate is a glass; the TCO layer preferably formed of indium tin oxide, preferably disposed directly on the dielectric layer; a dielectric oxygen barrier layer, in particular having a refractive index of at least 1.7, preferably arranged directly on the TCO layer.
- the first blocking layer in particular preferably contains an oxide, a nitride or a carbide, preferably made of tungsten, chromium, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, hafnium, titanium, silicon or aluminum, for example oxides such as WO3 , Nb205, Bi203, Ti02, Ta205, Y203, Zr02, Hf02 Sn02, or ZnSnOx or des nitrides such as AIN, TiN, TaN, ZrN or NbN.
- the layer particularly preferably contains SiON or silicon nitride Si3N4, with which particularly good alkali blocking results are obtained.
- the silicon nitride can be doped and is preferably doped with aluminum Si3N4: Al, titanium Si3N4: Ti, zirconium Si3N4: Zr or boron Si3N4: B.
- the low emissivity coating comprises, starting from the transparent substrate, the following layers: a first layer, dielectric, in particular for blocking with alkalis when the transparent substrate is a glass, said first layer being dielectric and has a refractive index of at least 1.7, especially at least 1.8; a second dielectric layer having a refractive index of at most 1.7 or even 1.6, preferably directly on the first layer; the TCO layer preferably formed of indium tin oxide, preferably directly on the second dielectric layer; a dielectric oxygen barrier layer having a refractive index of at least 1.7, preferably directly on the TCO layer.
- the first layer comprises a nitride or a carbide of a metal or of silicon, preferably a silicon nitride when the TCO layer is formed based on indium tin oxide , or a silicon carbide when the TCO layer is formed based on (Sn02) / Sn02: F or Sn02: Sb
- the second dielectric layer comprises, a nitride, an oxide an oxynitride or a carbide of a metal or silicon, preferably a silicon nitride or oxynitride when the TCO layer is formed based on indium tin oxide, or a silicon carbide when the TCO layer is formed based on (SnO 2) / SnO 2: F or SnO 2: Sb
- the dielectric oxygen barrier layer comprises, a nitride, or a carbide of a metal or silicon, preferably a silicon nitride or oxynitit
- the dielectric barrier layer contains silicon nitride Si3N4 or silicon carbide, in particular silicon nitride Si3N4, with which particularly good results are obtained.
- Silicon nitride can be doped and is, in a preferred development, doped with aluminum Si3N4: Al, zirconium Si3N4: Zr, titanium Si3N4: Ti or boron Si3N4: B.
- the silicon nitride can be partially oxidized. Therefore, after the heat treatment, a dielectric barrier layer deposited as Si3N4 contains SixNyOz, in which the oxygen content is typically 0 atom% to 35 atom%.
- the thickness of the dielectric barrier layer is chosen according to the diffusion of oxygen, less according to the optical properties of the layered glazing. However, it has been shown that the dielectric barrier layers of thicknesses in the indicated range are compatible with the antireflection coating according to the invention and its optical requirements.
- the low emissivity coating can comprise a last layer of S1O2 or even SiON (with a low nitrogen content) with an optical index of at least 1, 4 and at most 1, 8 or even d 'at most 1, 7.
- This layer can make it possible to optimize the grip of the first antireflection layer, in particular deposited by a liquid route, in particular a sol-gel layer.
- This last layer can be very thin at most 50nm, and even at most 20nm.
- the low emissivity coating can thus comprise directly under the first antireflection layer, in particular on the oxygen barrier layer, an upper dielectric layer of optical index of at least 1, 4 and at most 1, 8 or even at most 1.7, in particular an oxide or oxynitride of a metal or of silicon, preferably silica, preferably at most 50 nm and even at most 20 nm.
- the blocking layer has a thickness of at most 50 nm even between 10 nm and 50 nm, preferably between 20 nm and 40 nm
- / or the dielectric layer has a thickness of at most 100nm or 50nm, even between 5 nm and 100 nm, preferably between 10 nm and 50 nm
- / or the TCO layer has a thickness of at most 130nm , even between 50 nm and 130 nm, preferably between 60 nm and 100 nm
- / or the dielectric barrier layer has a thickness of at most 20 nm, even between 5 nm and 20 nm, preferably between 7 nm and 12 nm.
- the low emissivity stack comprises or consists of one of the following stacks:
- SiOC (/ Sn0 2 /) Sn0 2 : F or Sn0 2 : Sb (/ Si0 2 or SiON)
- SiSnOx / (Sn0 2 ) /) Sn0 2 F or Sn0 2 : Sb
- SiON / ITO / SiON (/ Si0 2 or SiON)
- SiN / ITO / SiON (/ Si0 2 or SiON)
- SiN / ITO / SiN / SiON (/ Si0 2 or SiON)
- SiON / ITO / SiN / SiON (/ Si0 2 or SiON)
- SiN / Si0 2 / ITO / SiN / SiON (/ Si0 2 or SiON).
- the low emissivity coating may comprise a last bond layer of Si0 2 or even SION (with a low nitrogen content) with an optical index of at least 1.4 and at most 1 , 8 or even 1.7.
- This layer optimizes the grip of the antireflection layer deposited by the liquid route, in particular sol gel.
- This layer can be very thin at most 50nm, and even at most 20nm.
- the low emissivity coating can be devoid of a silver layer or more broadly of metallic layer (s) which can absorb light.
- the invention relates to a method of producing a layered glazing comprising the steps of: depositing, on an interior surface or an exterior surface of a transparent substrate, a low emissivity coating comprising at at least one layer based on transparent conductive oxide, and preferably by physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition; formation, on said low-emissivity coating, of a first anti-reflective layer in the visible range based on nanoporous silica, in particular a layer of nanoporous silica.
- the training involves liquid deposition.
- the liquid deposition is a sol-gel deposition comprising a sol comprising silica precursors, a solvent and a pore-forming agent, in particular with a level of pore-forming agent of at most 70%, preferably from 35% to 70% and more preferably from 45% to 70%.
- the pore-forming agent comprises polymer nanoparticles, in particular polymethyl methacrylate nanoparticles, and in that the removal of the pore-forming agent is carried out by a heat treatment at a temperature of 'at least 450 ° C and even 580 ° C followed by a quenching operation (cold air blowing, etc.).
- the low emissivity coating is deposited by chemical vapor deposition, in particular the TCO layer comprises or is a layer based on tin oxide preferably doped with fluorine or with antimony.
- the low emissivity coating is deposited by physical vapor deposition, in particular the TCO layer comprises or is a layer of indium tin oxide (ITO).
- ITO indium tin oxide
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a use of the layered glazing according to one of the previous embodiments according to which the layered glazing is used for a refrigerator door, an oven door, a wall of an agricultural greenhouse, a roof of an agricultural greenhouse or an exterior glazing, in particular a roof window or a building.
- glazings with multiple, double or even triple layers often equipped with layers with low emissivity properties, intended to limit heat transfers to the outside of the home.
- These glazings with layers with very low coefficient of thermal transmittance are however subject to the appearance of water condensation on their external surface, in the form of mist or frost.
- the heat exchange by radiation with the sky causes a drop in temperature that is no longer sufficiently compensated by the heat input from inside the home.
- the temperature of the exterior surface of the coated glass drops below the dew point, water condenses on the surface, impeding visibility through the coated glass in the morning, sometimes for several hours.
- the low-emissivity coating on the exterior surface side as well as the first anti-reflective layer, the transmission of natural light inside the building is promoted, and the temperature of the interior surface decreases more slowly. Thus the phenomenon of condensation is reduced.
- the layered glazing according to the invention is preferably obtained by a process in several stages.
- the layers of the stack are deposited on the glass substrate, which then generally takes the form of a large 3.2 * 6m 2 glass sheet, or directly on the glass ribbon during or just after the process. float, then the substrate is cut to the final dimensions of the layered glazing.
- the multilayer glazing is then manufactured by combining the substrate with other sheets of glass, themselves optionally provided beforehand with functional coatings, for example of the low-emissivity type.
- the different layers of the stack can be deposited on the glass substrate by any type of thin film deposition process. They may for example be sol-gel, pyrolysis (liquid or solid) type processes, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), in particular assisted by plasma (APCVD), optionally at atmospheric pressure (APPECVD), evaporation.
- the layers of the stack are obtained by chemical vapor deposition, directly on the production line of the glass sheet by floating. This is preferably the case when the TCO layer is a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer.
- the deposition is carried out by spraying precursors through nozzles on the hot glass ribbon.
- the different layers can be deposited at different places on the line: in the float chamber, between the float chamber and the lehr, or in the lehr.
- the precursors are generally organometallic molecules or of the halide type.
- the tin oxide doped with fluorine of tin tetrachloride, mono-butyltin trichloride (MTBCL), trifluoroacetic acid, hydrofluoric acid.
- the silica can be obtained using silane, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), or even hexamethyldisiloxane (HDMSO), optionally using an accelerator such as triethylphosphate.
- the layers of the stack are obtained by cathode sputtering, in particular assisted by a magnetic field (magnetron process).
- a plasma is created under a high vacuum in the vicinity of a target comprising the chemical elements to be deposited.
- the active species of the plasma by bombarding the target, tear off said elements, which are deposited on the substrate, forming the desired thin layer.
- This process is said to be "reactive" when the layer consists of a material resulting from a chemical reaction between the elements torn from the target and the gas contained in the plasma.
- the major advantage of this process lies in the possibility of depositing on the same line a very complex stack of layers by successively scrolling the substrate under different targets, generally in one and the same device.
- the magnetron process has a drawback when the substrate is not heated during deposition: the TCO layer is weakly crystallized so that the emissivity is not optimized. Heat treatment is then necessary.
- This heat treatment intended to improve the crystallization of TCO, is preferably chosen from quenching and annealing (with optionally quenching) treatments.
- the emissivity decreases, preferably at least 5% in relative terms, or even at least 10% or 15%, as well as its light and energy absorption.
- the quenching or annealing treatment is generally carried out in a furnace, respectively quenching or annealing.
- the entire substrate is brought to a high temperature, at least 300 ° C in the case of annealing, and at least 500 ° C, or even at least 580 ° C, in the case of annealing. a quench.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic representation of an embodiment of a layered glazing according to a first aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic representation of an embodiment of a layered glazing according to a second aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic representation of an embodiment of a layered glazing according to a third aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic representation of an embodiment of a layered glazing according to a fourth aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic representation of an embodiment of a layered glazing according to a fifth aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic representation of an embodiment of a layered glazing according to a sixth aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 7 illustrates comparative examples of embodiments of layered glazing according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a method of manufacturing a layered glazing according to the invention.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic representation of the faces of a greenhouse glazing.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic representation of the faces of a commercial refrigerator door glazing.
- FIG. 11] shows a schematic representation of the faces of a commercial refrigerator door glass.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic representation of the faces of a refrigerator door glass in an upright position.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic representation of the faces of an ice cream bin.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic representation of the faces of a triple glazing type glazing.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic representation of an embodiment of a layered glazing according to a first aspect of the invention. More particularly, FIG. 1 illustrates a layered glazing 1 comprising a transparent substrate 2 having an interior surface 3 called F2 and an exterior surface 4 called F1.
- This transparent substrate 2 can for example be made of plastic but is preferably made of glass.
- the transparent substrate 2 is formed by a sheet of monolithic glass, in particular clear or extraclear. In this case, the glass is transparent and colorless.
- the thickness of the transparent substrate 2 is generally within a range ranging from 0.5 mm to 19 mm, preferably from 0.7 to 9 mm, in particular from 2 to 8 mm, or even from 4 to 6 mm.
- the transparent substrate 2 is made of an electrically insulating material, in particular rigid.
- the substrate contains, in a preferred embodiment, soda-lime glass, but can in principle also contain other types of glass, for example borosilicate glass or quartz glass.
- the outer surface 4 is textured. More particularly, the outer surface 4 has a relief texture on a first of its main faces, such that if n is the refractive index of the glass, Pm is the average slope in degrees of the textured face, Y (q) is the percentage of the textured surface with a slope greater than q / (n-1) in degrees, then we have the following two cumulative conditions:
- the absorption of the transparent substrate 2 in the spectral range included in the range from 400 to 700 nm is less than 2% and preferably less than 1% and even less than 0.5%.
- the layered glazing 1 further comprises a stack of layers. More particularly, on the inner face 3 is arranged a layer 10.3. This layer 10.3 can be a layer 10.3 based on a transparent conductive oxide. Such a layer 10.3 makes it possible in particular to reduce the radiative exchanges with the sky.
- the layer 10.3 based on transparent conductive oxide can for example be formed based on fluorinated tin oxide SnO 2: F and have a thickness of between 100 nm and 400 nm.
- the low emissivity coating 10 and even with the first anti-reflective layer can be thermally toughened.
- This configuration is particularly suitable for use in an agricultural greenhouse.
- the interior surface is inside the agricultural greenhouse. Indeed, this particular arrangement allows significant light transmission within the greenhouse and further reduces heat loss outside the agricultural greenhouse. The luminosity associated with the heat is highly beneficial to the plants located under the layered glazing of the agricultural greenhouse.
- This stack also comprises on the low emissivity coating 10, a first antireflection layer 20 in the visible range based on nanoporous silica.
- the first antireflection layer 20 in the visible range based on nanoporous silica can alternatively be formed according to different techniques of the prior art.
- the pores are the interstices of a non-compact stack of nanometric beads, in particular of silica, this layer being described for example in document US20040258929.
- the first nanoporous antireflection layer is a sol gel layer, obtained by depositing a condensed silica sol (silica oligomers) and densified by NFI3 type vapors, this layer being described. for example in document WO2005049757.
- the first antireflection layer 20 has a series of closed nanopores whose characteristic dimension is on average greater than or equal to 20 nm and less than or equal to 500 nm, preferably less than or equal to 100 nm.
- the first antireflection layer 20 has a series of closed nanopores whose characteristic dimension is on average greater than or equal to 20 nm and less than or equal to 200 or 120 nm.
- the first antireflection layer 20 has a refractive index of less than 1.45 in the visible range and a thickness of between 50 nm and 150 nm. According to another example, the first antireflection layer 20 has a refractive index of less than 1.35, or even less than 1.25.
- This first antireflection layer 20 in the visible range based on nanoporous silica SiO 2 has a high light transmission factor.
- the square resistance of the layered glazing according to the invention is preferably 10 ohms / square to 100 ohms / square, particularly preferably 15 ohms / square to 35 ohms / square.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a layered glazing 1 according to a second aspect of the invention.
- the layered glazing 1 comprises a transparent substrate 2, a low emissivity coating 10 disposed on the inner surface 3 called F2 and a first anti-reflective layer 20 disposed on the low emissivity coating 10.
- the layered glazing 1 further comprises on the outer surface 4 called F1, a second antireflection layer 20 in the visible range based on nanoporous silica. This second antireflection coating 20 makes it possible to reduce the reflection coefficient of the air-glass interface, and being perfectly transparent, it maximizes hemispherical light transmission.
- the first antireflection layer 20 and / or the second antireflection layer 20 is a Sol-Gel type coating having a series of closed nanopores.
- Document EP1329433 describes for example a nanoporous antireflection layer of the sol gel type.
- the first and / or the second nanoporous anti-reflective layer can for example be obtained with known pore-forming agents: micelles of cationic surfactant molecules in solution and, optionally, in hydrolyzed form, or of anionic or nonionic surfactants, or of amphiphilic molecules, for example block copolymers.
- the anti-reflective layers 20 in particular confer advantageous optical properties on the layered glazing 1.
- the silica can be doped and is preferably doped with aluminum SiO 2: Al, boron SiO 2: B, titanium SiO 2: Ti or zirconium SiO 2: Zr.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a layered glazing according to a third aspect of the invention.
- the low emissivity coating 10 is disposed on the side of the outer surface 4.
- This configuration is particularly suitable for use for a commercial refrigerator door or a glass lid of a freezer.
- the inner surface 3 provided with the low-emissivity coating is inside the refrigerator or freezer.
- This particular arrangement allows optimized light transmission within the refrigerator or freezer and further reduces the loss of cold outside the refrigerator. Thus, this arrangement makes it possible to reduce the energy consumption of the refrigerator for lighting and food preservation.
- Such an arrangement can advantageously alternatively be used for greenhouse glazing.
- a second similar anti-reflective layer is also used (the thickness and / or the porosity can be modified) on the face F1.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a layered glazing 1 according to a fourth aspect of the invention.
- the low emissivity coating 10 has three layers. More particularly, starting from the transparent substrate 2, and more particularly from the inner surface 3, the low emissivity coating 10 consists of: a dielectric layer 10.2, in particular an alkali barrier, (which in a variant is a layer removed), for example SiON or SiN of a layer 10.3 based on a transparent conductive oxide, formed for example based on indium tin oxide, of an oxygen barrier layer, dielectric, 10.4 exhibiting, for example, a refractive index of at least 1.7.
- a dielectric layer 10.2 in particular an alkali barrier, (which in a variant is a layer removed), for example SiON or SiN of a layer 10.3 based on a transparent conductive oxide, formed for example based on indium tin oxide, of an oxygen barrier layer, dielectric, 10.4 exhibiting, for example, a refractive index
- This dielectric barrier layer 10.4 makes it possible to regulate the diffusion of oxygen (oxygen barrier).
- a second similar anti-reflective layer is also used (the thickness and / or the porosity can be modified) on the face F1.
- the low emissivity coating 10 with two or three layers is on the face F1 and even a second anti-reflective layer on the face F1.
- the blocking layer 10.2 reduces or prevents the diffusion of alkali ions out of the glass substrate into the layer system. Alkaline ions can adversely affect the properties of the coating.
- the refractive index of the blocking layer 10.2 is preferably at least 1.9.
- the thickness of the blocking layer is preferably 10 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably 20 nm to 40 nm, for example 25 nm to 35 nm.
- the blocking layer is preferably the lowest layer of the stack of layers, i.e. it has direct contact with the surface of the substrate, where it can have an optimal effect.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a layered glazing according to a fifth aspect of the invention.
- the low emissivity coating 10 consists of five layers. More particularly, starting from the transparent substrate 2, the low emissivity coating 10 comprises in particular a first blocking layer 10.1 making it possible to reduce the alkaline diffusion of the transparent substrate 2.
- a blocking layer 10.1 can for example comprise a nitride or a carbide d 'a metal or silicon, preferably silicon nitride or oxynitride or silicon carbide.
- Blocking layer 10.1 reduces or prevents diffusion of alkali ions out of the glass substrate into the layering system. Alkaline ions can adversely affect the properties of the coating.
- the refractive index of the blocking 10.1 is preferably at least 1.9. Particularly good results are obtained when the refractive index of the blocking layer is 1.9 to 2.5.
- the thickness of the blocking layer is preferably 10 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably 20 nm to 40 nm, for example 25 nm to 35 nm.
- the blocking layer is preferably the lowest layer of the stack of layers, i.e. it has direct contact with the surface of the substrate, where it can have an optimal effect.
- the alkali blocking layer 10.1 has for example a thickness between 10 nm and 50 nm, and preferably between 20 nm and 40 nm.
- the low emissivity coating 10 also comprises on the alkali blocking layer a second dielectric layer 10.2 having for example a maximum refractive index of 1.8.
- This dielectric coating 10.2 may for example comprise an oxide or oxynitride of a metal or of silicon, and preferably a silica.
- the second dielectric layer 10.2 can for example have a thickness between 5 nm and 100 nm, and preferably between 10 nm and 50 nm.
- the low emissivity coating 10 further comprises a layer 10.3 based on transparent conductive oxide (better known by the acronym TCO in English) formed of indium tin oxide, also known by the acronym ITO (for Indium tin oxide in English).
- transparent conductive oxide better known by the acronym TCO in English
- ITO for Indium tin oxide in English
- the layer 10.3 based on transparent conductive oxide has for example a thickness between 50 nm and 130 nm, and preferably between 60 nm and 100 nm.
- the oxygen content of the electrically conductive layer in particular when it is based on a TCO, has a significant influence on its properties, in particular on transparency and conductivity.
- the production of the layered glazing generally includes a heat treatment, for example, a thermal quenching process, in which oxygen can diffuse to the conductive layer and oxidize it.
- the coating between the electrically conductive layer and the Anti-reflective layer comprises a dielectric barrier layer 10.4 to regulate the diffusion of oxygen having a refractive index of at least 1.9.
- the barrier layer serves to adjust the oxygen supply to an optimal level. Particularly good results are obtained when the refractive index of the barrier layer 10.4 is 1.9 to 2.5.
- the dielectric barrier layer 10.4 may for example comprise a nitride or oxynitride or a carbide of a metal or of silicon, preferably of silicon nitride or oxynitride or of silicon carbide.
- the dielectric barrier layer 10.4 has for example a thickness between 5 nm and 20 nm, and preferably between 7 nm and 12 nm.
- This dielectric barrier layer 10.4 blocks the diffusion of oxygen from the atmosphere during the annealing of I ⁇ TO to improve its conductivity or the diffusion of oxygen present in the case of the deposition of an oxide overlayer.
- IZO mixed oxides of indium and zinc
- gallium or aluminum based on titanium oxide doped with niobium, based on cadmium or zinc stannate, based on tin oxide doped with antimony.
- the doping rate i.e. the weight of aluminum oxide based on the total weight
- the doping rate can be higher, typically within a range ranging from 5 to 6%.
- the atomic percentage of Sn is preferably within a range ranging from 5 to 70%, in particular from 10 to 60%.
- fluorine-doped tin oxide-based layers the atomic percentage of fluorine is preferably at most 5%, generally 1 to 2%.
- the layer 10.3 based on conductive oxide may, as a variant, also contain, for example, mixed indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide doped with gallium (GTO), tin oxide doped with fluorine (Sn02: F) or doped with antimony tin oxide (Sn02: Sb).
- IZO mixed indium zinc oxide
- GTO gallium
- Sn02: F tin oxide doped with fluorine
- Sn02: Sb doped with antimony tin oxide
- the low emissivity coating 10 further comprises an upper dielectric layer (or overlayer) 10.5 having a maximum refractive index of 1.8.
- Layer upper dielectric 10.5 may for example comprise an oxide or oxynitride of a metal or silicon, preferably silica. This layer 10.5 may have a low nitrogen content and an optical index of at least 1.4 and at most 1.8 or even 1.7.
- This upper dielectric layer 10.5 has for example a thickness between 10 nm and 100 nm, and preferably between 30 nm and 70 nm.
- This layer 10.5 makes it possible to optimize the grip of the antireflection layer 20 deposited by liquid.
- This 10.5 layer can be very thin at most 50nm, and even at most 20nm.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a layered glazing according to a sixth aspect of the invention.
- the low emissivity coating 10 consists of four layers. More particularly, starting from the transparent substrate 2, the low emissivity coating 10 comprises: a first dielectric blocking layer 10.1 making it possible to reduce the alkaline diffusion of the transparent substrate 2, a second dielectric layer 10.2 having for example a maximum refractive index of 1, 8, a layer 10.3 based on transparent conductive oxide TCO, and a dielectric barrier layer 10.4 to regulate the diffusion of oxygen having a refractive index of at least 1.9.
- Figure 7 is a comparative table of different embodiments of a glazing according to the invention. It can be seen that the use of an antireflection layer in the visible range based on nanoporous silica not only makes it possible to considerably increase the light transmission factor TL and in particular the hemispherical transmission factor TLH, while maintaining an emissivity constant.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a method 200 for manufacturing a layered glazing 1 according to the invention.
- This method 200 comprises a step 201 of depositing, on an inner surface 3 or an outer surface 4 of a transparent substrate 2, a coating low emissivity 10 comprising at least one layer 10.3 based on transparent conductive oxide.
- the layer 10.3 based on transparent conductive oxide is formed by tin dioxide doped with Fluor SnO 2: F then, the layer 10.3 is deposited by chemical vapor deposition CVD.
- stacks which use a TCO layer of fluorine-doped tin oxide are preferably obtained by chemical vapor deposition, generally directly on the float line of the glass.
- the layer 10.3 based on transparent conductive oxide is formed by indium tin oxide, ITO, then the layer 10.3 is deposited by physical deposition by PVD vapor phase, preferably obtained by magnetron sputtering.
- This method 200 further comprises a step 202 of forming, on the low emissivity coating 10, a first antireflection layer 20 in the visible range based on nanoporous silica.
- the first anti-reflective layer 20 is formed by the wet process.
- the first antireflection layer 20 is formed by the solution-gelation route comprising a sol comprising silica precursors, a solvent and a pore-forming agent.
- the pore-forming agent comprises polymer nanoparticles, in particular nanoparticles of polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA.
- the% by volume of beads (or more broadly of pore-forming agent) can be adjusted to obtain the desired index and preferably at least 35% and at most 70%.
- the removal of the pore-forming agent is for example carried out by a heat treatment at a temperature of at least 500 ° C for five minutes.
- the removal of the pore-forming agent is carried out by means of a solvent, in particular tetrahydrofuran, THF.
- a liquid composition is prepared hereinafter called “sol" by mixing 20.8 g of tetraethoxysilane, 18.4 g of absolute ethanol and 7.2 g of an aqueous solution (pH 2.5 by addition of HCl). The molar ratio of the components is 1: 1: 4. This mixture is stirred for 4 h at room temperature so as to hydrolyze the tetraethoxysilane.
- Sub-micron beads of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) having an average diameter of 80 nm ⁇ 10 nm (dynamic light scattering, Malvern Nano ZS) are then added to this sol, in the form of a 20% dispersion. in ethanol, so as to obtain a dispersion containing 55% by volume of PMMA beads.
- the dispersion is filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m filter and it is deposited by centrifugation (spin coating) at 1000 revolutions per minute, on a low emissivity stack itself, for example on the atmosphere side of a soda-lime glass. 'thickness 4 mm. An annealing and preferably a quenching operation is then carried out.
- Figures 9 to 14 illustrate different implementations of a layered glazing according to the invention.
- the stack is positioned on the outer surface 4 which is the face F1 (which is exposed) or the inner surface 3 which is the face F2 (which is exposed).
- the stack is positioned on the interior surface 3 which is the face F2 (which is on the product side).
- a refrigerator door in a vertical position which is double glazing comprising a first exterior glazing (preferably tempered), a second, more interior glazing (preferably tempered), the stack is positioned on the inner face F2 or on the face F3 of the second glazing or on the exposed inner face F4 of the second glazing.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a freezer cover comprising a stack. It is a double glazing comprising a first external glazing (preferably tempered), a second more interior glazing (preferably tempered), the stack is positioned on the exposed interior face F4 (product side) of the interior glazing and even on the face F2 of the exterior glazing.
- first external glazing preferably tempered
- second more interior glazing preferably tempered
- an exterior glazing 1 which is a double or triple glazing, for example a window
- the stack positioned on the face F1 or face F4 or face F6 and possibly in F2 or F3 is positioned a low emissivity stack in silver.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2001171A FR3107056B1 (fr) | 2020-02-06 | 2020-02-06 | Vitrage à couches et sa fabrication |
| PCT/FR2021/050193 WO2021156567A1 (fr) | 2020-02-06 | 2021-02-03 | Vitrage à couches et sa fabrication |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4100376A1 true EP4100376A1 (fr) | 2022-12-14 |
Family
ID=71661937
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21707342.8A Withdrawn EP4100376A1 (fr) | 2020-02-06 | 2021-02-03 | Vitrage à couches et sa fabrication |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4100376A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3107056B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021156567A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20240351942A1 (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2024-10-24 | Agc Glass Europe | Greenhouse glazing |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10146687C1 (de) | 2001-09-21 | 2003-06-26 | Flabeg Solarglas Gmbh & Co Kg | Glas mit einer porösen Antireflex-Oberflächenbeschichtung sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des Glases und Verwendung eines derartigen Glases |
| ES2191542B1 (es) | 2001-10-24 | 2005-02-01 | Centro De Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnologicas (C.I.E.M.A.T.) | Procedimiento para la preparacion mediante la tecnica sol-gel, siguiendo la ruta polimerica, de recubrimientos porosos. |
| WO2005049757A1 (fr) | 2003-11-21 | 2005-06-02 | The University Of Queensland | Films de silice et procede de production correspondant |
| NL2004024C2 (en) | 2009-12-29 | 2011-06-30 | Omt Solutions Beheer B V | A coated translucent substrate for a greenhouse and a freezer door. |
| FR2955101B1 (fr) * | 2010-01-11 | 2012-03-23 | Saint Gobain | Materiau photocatalytique et vitrage ou cellule photovoltaique comprenant ce materiau |
| FR2963343B1 (fr) * | 2010-07-28 | 2012-07-27 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage pourvu d'un revetement contre la condensation |
| FR2987618B1 (fr) * | 2012-03-05 | 2014-02-28 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage anticondensation |
| FR3021967B1 (fr) * | 2014-06-06 | 2021-04-23 | Saint Gobain | Procede d'obtention d'un substrat revetu d'une couche fonctionnelle |
| CN204054781U (zh) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-12-31 | 新疆今日安全玻璃有限公司 | 一种节能环保的真空玻璃 |
| FR3035397A1 (fr) | 2015-04-23 | 2016-10-28 | Saint Gobain | Verre texture pour serre |
| US11422294B2 (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2022-08-23 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Durable functional coatings |
-
2020
- 2020-02-06 FR FR2001171A patent/FR3107056B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2021
- 2021-02-03 WO PCT/FR2021/050193 patent/WO2021156567A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-02-03 EP EP21707342.8A patent/EP4100376A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021156567A1 (fr) | 2021-08-12 |
| FR3107056B1 (fr) | 2023-01-20 |
| FR3107056A1 (fr) | 2021-08-13 |
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