EP4100457A1 - Vernetzte aliphatische polyketone - Google Patents
Vernetzte aliphatische polyketoneInfo
- Publication number
- EP4100457A1 EP4100457A1 EP21704727.3A EP21704727A EP4100457A1 EP 4100457 A1 EP4100457 A1 EP 4100457A1 EP 21704727 A EP21704727 A EP 21704727A EP 4100457 A1 EP4100457 A1 EP 4100457A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- unsubstituted
- substituted
- crosslinker
- group
- alkyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G4/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with polyalcohols; Addition polymers of heterocyclic oxygen compounds containing in the ring at least once the grouping —O—C—O—
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G67/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing oxygen or oxygen and carbon, not provided for in groups C08G2/00 - C08G65/00
- C08G67/02—Copolymers of carbon monoxide and aliphatic unsaturated compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a shaped body which comprises a polymer matrix which contains a crosslinked aliphatic polyketone (PK) and a method for producing such a shaped body.
- the invention also relates to use in the automotive, shipping, aerospace, rail vehicles, oil and gas industry, food and packaging industry and medical technology, in particular as sealing items, thrust washers, back-up rings, valves, connectors, insulators, snap hooks, Bearings, bushings, foils, powders, coatings, fibers, sealing and O-rings, pipes and lines, cables, casings and jackets, as well as housings for an electrical or chemical application that comprise such a molded body or that consist of such a molded body.
- thermoplastically processable plastics have found widespread use due to the productivity of their manufacture, their reversible deformability and often also because of their high-quality technical properties and are now a standard product in industrial production. They consist of essentially linear polymer chains, meaning they are not networked and usually only slightly branched or not branched at all.
- thermoplastics have an intrinsically determined limit with regard to their temperature resistance and are therefore not optimally suitable for all areas of application of polymer materials. It is therefore desirable to increase the temperature resistance of thermoplastic plastics without foregoing advantages such as processability, good mechanical properties or high chemical resistance.
- Cross-linked polymers thermosets, thermosets), in which the macromolecules are connected to one another by covalent bonds, are advantageous here.
- thermosets At low temperatures, these are in a hard-elastic state, which is also referred to as the glass area. If thermosets are heated beyond this range, the thermal decomposition range is usually reached directly. There is therefore a great deal of interest in developing materials that combine the advantages of both thermoplastics and thermosets, ie the materials can be formed inexpensively and at the same time show a high degree of heat resistance.
- Aliphatic polyketones are thermoplastics that have good mechanical properties, in particular high impact strength and good media resistance. They have an alternating structure in which an ethylene or propylene group is followed by a keto group (carbonyl group), the proportions of the propylene groups being small and variable as a rule. PK are particularly characterized by good strength properties, high impact strength values at low temperatures, high mechanical fatigue strength, a low tendency to creep deformation as well as good sliding and wear behavior.
- Aliphatic polyketones are linear polymers that are produced from carbon monoxide and ⁇ -olefins, the arrangement of the monomeric units in the polymeric chain in a strictly alternating manner.
- polyketone terpolymers are used almost exclusively instead of the classic polyketone copolymers, which are only produced from carbon monoxide and ethylene.
- These polyketone terpolymers consist of carbon monoxide, ethylene and preferably small amounts of propylene.
- terpolymers instead of copolymers are highly crystalline, very hard but also very brittle, which makes their possible applications as polymer material significantly restricts.
- Aliphatic polyketones are characterized, among other things, by high impact strength, low creep behavior, high chemical resistance and good tribological properties.
- the PC also have the aforementioned intrinsically given limit with regard to temperature resistance, which is typical for thermoplastics. Using the PK for the maximum long-term use temperature of around 80 ° C to 100 ° C (heat resistance HDT / A according to ISO 75) is therefore disadvantageous. The possible uses of this class of polymers are therefore significantly limited.
- Aliphatic polyketones differ from polyaryletherketones (PAEK), such as polyetheretherketones (PEEK), in that they do not contain any aromatic rings or ether groups.
- Polyaryletherketones (PAEK), such as polyetheretherketones (PEEK), are semi-crystalline high-performance polymers that have a high temperature and media resistance. They consist of alternating keto, ether and aryl groups.
- PAEK polyaryletherketones
- PEEK polyetherketones
- thermoplastic processability has an intrinsically given limit in terms of temperature resistance. In order to increase the temperature resistance and the mechanical stability of the PAEK, it has been proposed to crosslink the polymer chains.
- WO 2010/011725 A2 describes a large number of amine crosslinkers in order to crosslink PAEK.
- the document contains only a single synthesis example which describes the crosslinking of PAEK with diphenylamine according to the literature cited above, in which a reaction initially takes place in diphenyl sulfone as solvent.
- WO2020 / 056052 describes crosslinkable polymer compositions comprising at least one aromatic polymer and at least one crosslinking compound which is capable of the at least one aromatic Crosslink polymer. Derivatives of fluorene, diphenylmethanes and dihydroanthracenes are used as crosslinking compounds.
- WO 2010/011725 A2 describes very generally the production of moldings from crosslinked PAEK by extrusion.
- this is only a theoretical approach, as products are only manufactured on a laboratory scale and by hot pressing.
- Crosslinkers crosslinked PAEK can be extruded, let alone that products with advantageous properties can be obtained in the process.
- a person skilled in the art also does not expect adequate success for PAEK and crosslinkers containing amino groups to be plasticized in the extruder and then subjected to a shaping step.
- PAEKs would be miscible and processable with such amine crosslinkers in the absence of a solvent.
- segregation processes are often observed.
- homogeneous distribution of the crosslinker in the polymer is absolutely necessary for obtaining a stable product.
- WO2020 / 030599 A2 describes a process for the production of a PAEK-containing, crosslinked molding, the crosslinker being a di (aminophenyl) compound in which the two aminophenyl rings are linked to one another via an aliphatic group which has a carbocyclic radical.
- the crosslinking component 1- (4-aminophenyl) - 1,3,3-trimethylindan-5-amine DAPI (CAS No. 54628-89-6), the isomer mixture with 1- (4-aminophenyl) -1, 3, 3-trimethylindan-6-amine or the isomer mixture with the CAS no. 68170-20-7 is used.
- the high costs of producing the crosslinker are disadvantageous.
- the physico-chemical properties of the PAEK cross-linked with DAPI are in need of improvement.
- the aliphatic polyketones Like the polyaryletherketones, the aliphatic polyketones contain keto groups, which can react with amines to form Schiff bases. But since aliphatic polyketones at elevated temperatures lead to a tautomerization of their keto groups into these corresponding Forms of enol and then tend to an uncontrollable further reaction of these enol groups, these reactions usually enter into dominant competition with crosslinking, which makes the transferability of the above-mentioned process to aliphatic polyketones less likely.
- crosslinked aliphatic polyketones as these would be characterized, among other things, by improved mechanical properties as well as improved heat resistance, reduced creep behavior and increased chemical resistance.
- the invention is based on the object of providing methods and moldings which overcome the disadvantages described above.
- the aim is to provide materials based on aliphatic polyketone (PK) that have improved temperature resistance, lower flammability and higher rigidity (module) at high temperatures. In addition, they should have good resistance to chemicals and a low tendency to creep.
- PK aliphatic polyketone
- the invention is based on the object of providing moldings which have materials with improved stability, but which are nevertheless easy to process.
- the materials should be able to be produced efficiently and inexpensively in a simple manner and should in particular be thermoplastic be processable. In doing so, it should be possible to avoid inefficient processes such as industrial presses.
- the processes should also be as environmentally friendly as possible and feasible without endangering the user.
- the object on which the invention is based is achieved by methods, molded bodies and sealing articles, a crosslinking polyketone being crosslinked with a special diamine source with the formation of imine groups.
- a plasticized mixture of polyketone and diamine source can first be subjected to a shaping process to produce a molded body. The shaped body can then be subjected to crosslinking.
- a first object of the invention is a shaped body comprising a matrix from the crosslinking of an aliphatic polyketone with at least one diamine source as crosslinker with the formation of imine groups, the diamine source being selected from
- Di (aminophenyl) compounds in which the two aminophenyl rings are linked to one another via an aliphatic group which has a carbocyclic radical
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen
- R 5 , R 6 , R 7, R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, Ci-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C6-Ci4-aryl, where the alkyl group, alkenyl group and alkynyl group are unsubstituted or substituted by R a and where the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted by R b,
- R 13 , R 14 , R 15, R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, Ci-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl , C6-Ci4-aryl, where the alkyl group, alkenyl group and alkynyl group are unsubstituted or substituted by R a and where the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted by R b, X is selected from a bond, oxygen, sulfur, carbonyl, sulfonyl, sulfoxide, Ci-C6-alkylene, C2-C6-alkenylene and phenylene,
- R a is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, carboxyl, amino, C6-Ci2-aryl, the aryl group being unsubstituted or substituted by R c,
- R b is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, amino, Ci-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl,
- R c is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano Ci-C4-alkyl and Ci-C4-haloalkyl,
- the invention further provides a method for producing a molded body, comprising the steps i) providing a mixture containing at least one aliphatic polyketone and at least one crosslinker, ii) producing a molded body from the mixture obtained in step i), and iii) thermal Treating the shaped body at a temperature at which the aliphatic polyketone is crosslinked, and wherein the crosslinker is selected from Di (aminophenyl) compounds in which the two aminophenyl rings are linked to one another via an aliphatic group which has a carbocyclic radical,
- Diamine compounds selected from compounds of the formulas (I), (II) and (III) in which
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, Ci-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C6-Ci4-aryl where the alkyl group, alkenyl group and alkynyl group are unsubstituted or substituted by R a and where the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted by R b,
- R 5 , R 6 , R 7, R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, Ci-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl , C2-C6-alkynyl, C6-Ci4-aryl, where the alkyl group, alkenyl group and alkynyl group are unsubstituted or substituted by R a and where the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted by R b, R 13 , R 14 , R 15, R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, Ci-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl , C6-Ci4-aryl, where the alkyl group, alkenyl group and alkynyl group are unsubstituted or
- X is selected from a bond, oxygen, sulfur, carbonyl, sulfonyl, sulfoxide, Ci-C6-alkylene, C2-C6-alkenylene and phenylene,
- R a is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, carboxyl, amino, C6-Ci2-aryl, the aryl group being unsubstituted or substituted by R c,
- R b is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, amino, Ci-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl,
- R c is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano Ci-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl,
- Oligo / polymers which have at least two amide groups, saturated, alicyclic compounds which have at least two primary amine groups, oligo / polymers which contain these incorporated and
- the invention also relates to the moldings obtained by this process.
- polymer mixtures containing at least one polyketone (PK) and at least one crosslinker selected from
- Di (aminophenyl) compounds in which the two aminophenyl rings are linked to one another via an aliphatic group which has a carbocyclic radical
- Diamine compounds selected from compounds of the formula (I), (II) and (III), in which
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, Ci-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C6-Ci4-aryl where the alkyl group, alkenyl group and alkynyl group are unsubstituted or substituted by R a and where the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted by R b,
- R 5 , R 6 , R 7, R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, Ci-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl , C2-C6-alkynyl, C6-Ci4-aryl, where the alkyl group, alkenyl group and alkynyl group are unsubstituted or substituted by R a and where the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted by R b , R 13 , R 14 , R 15, R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are independently selected from
- X is selected from a bond, oxygen, sulfur, carbonyl, sulfonyl, sulfoxide, Ci-C6-alkylene, C2-C6-alkenylene and phenylene,
- R a is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, carboxyl, amino, C6-Ci2-aryl, the aryl group being unsubstituted or substituted by R c,
- R b is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, amino, Ci-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl,
- R c is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano Ci-C4-alkyl and Ci-C4-haloalkyl,
- Oligo / polymers which have at least two amide groups, saturated, alicyclic compounds which have at least two primary amine groups, and oligo / polymers which contain these incorporated and mixtures thereof.
- Another object of the invention is the use of a shaped body as defined above and below, or obtainable by a method as defined above and below, in the fields of automobiles, shipping, aerospace, rail vehicles, oil and gas industry, food - and packaging industry and medical technology, in particular as sealing articles, thrust washers, back-up rings, valves, connectors, insulators, snap hooks, bearings, sockets, foils, powders, coatings, fibers, sealing and O-rings, pipes and lines, cables , Casings and casings and housings for an electrical or chemical application that consists of a molded articles according to the invention or obtained by the process according to the invention exist or contain such a molded article.
- crosslinker and “diamine source” are used synonymously.
- crosslinked polyketones used according to the invention and the moldings according to the invention are distinguished by an increased temperature resistance and a higher maximum operating temperature than uncrosslinked PC.
- the method according to the invention is characterized by low costs.
- the diamine sources used according to the invention are commercially available raw materials with generally low production costs.
- the polyamides can serve as a source of low molecular weight polyamides and diamines. Depending on the reaction conditions, it is possible to regulate which crosslinking component is formed from the polyamides.
- PKs can also be crosslinked with low-boiling aliphatic diamines which otherwise cannot be implemented for procedural / safety / environmental reasons.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out in a technically simple manner, since only two components (preferably two granulates) have to be conveyed and mixed.
- the moldings according to the invention have good tribological properties, in particular very good abrasion behavior. They are suitable for materials for use under abrasive wear conditions, e.g. as seals and plain bearing materials in conveyor systems for aggressive and abrasive media.
- the molding according to the invention shows less swelling. Due to the long established components used, a reach registration is not necessary for the polymers.
- the method according to the invention is sustainable.
- the non-crosslinked residues can be easily and easily recycled and do not have to be disposed of.
- aliphatic polyketones are linear polymers which are produced from carbon monoxide and ⁇ -olefins, the arrangement of the monomeric units in the polymeric chain, preferably strictly, alternating.
- the aliphatic polyketone differs from polyaryletherketones (PAEK), such as polyetheretherketones (PEEK), in that it does not contain any aromatic rings or ether groups.
- PAEK polyaryletherketones
- PEEK polyetheretherketones
- PC preferred according to the invention are polyketone terpolymers. These polyketone terpolymers consist of carbon monoxide, ethylene and preferably small amounts of propylene.
- the aliphatic polyketones have linear polymer chains consisting of alternating alkylene units and keto groups.
- the alkylene units preferably comprise ethylene units as the main component, particularly preferably ethylene units as the main component combined with 1-methylethylene units.
- the aliphatic polyketones can differ in their average molecular weight and in the ratio of the starting materials used for the preparation, carbon monoxide, ethylene and a further alkene, for example propylene or 1- or 2-butylene.
- the aliphatic polyketones have keto groups which can be linked to form imine bonds.
- it is also possible to use mixtures of different aliphatic polyketones which differ, for example, in terms of their molecular weight or their composition. However, it is preferred to use a single PK because this allows a higher crystallinity and the associated temperature stability to be achieved.
- the aliphatic polyketone has an average average molecular weight M n (number average) in the range from 60,000 g / mol to 100,000 g / mol or an average average molecular weight Mw (mass average) in the range from 132,000 g / mol to 320,000 g / mol (determined by GPC measurements).
- the polydispersity of the aliphatic polyketones is preferably between 2.2 and 3.2.
- the aliphatic polyketones preferably also have a glass transition point of 10 to 14 ° C., a melting point of 218 to 226 ° C. and / or a recrystallization temperature of 170 to 182 ° C.
- the aliphatic polyketone (PK) at 240 ° C a melt flow index (MFR) in the range of 2 cm 3/10 min to 200 cm 3/10 min, in particular of 6 cm 3/10 min to 60 cm 3/10 min .
- MFR melt flow index
- the measurement is carried out in accordance with DIN ISO 1133, the material being melted at 240 ° C. and loaded with a 2.16 kg punch, after which the flowability is determined.
- An example of a particularly suitable aliphatic polyketone is, for example, M330A from Flyosung.
- the melt flow index generally correlates with the molecular weight of the polymer chains. It has been found that such a melt flow index is advantageous because, according to the invention, both good thermoplastic processability and miscibility can be achieved and a homogeneous product with high stability, and in particular high rigidity, can be obtained.
- AKROTEK® PK-VM 60 g / 10 min at 240 ° C and 2.16 kg
- AKROTEK® PK-HM 6 g / 10 min at 240 ° C and 2.16 kg
- AKROTEK® PK-XM 2 g / 10 min at 240 ° C and 2.16 kg
- a PK with a melt flow index as mentioned above and the crosslinker in an amount of 0.05% by weight to 15% by weight, in particular 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight. %, based on the total amount of PK and crosslinker to be used.
- the proportion of the crosslinker is 0.1 to 1.5% by weight, in particular 0.4 to 1.0% by weight, based on the total amount of PC and crosslinker.
- step ii thermoplastic mixing with the crosslinker without the crosslinking reaction proceeding too quickly during the preparation of the mixing
- the shaped body is preferably a shaped body based on PK.
- "On the basis of PC” means that the PC is the essential structure-giving polymer component of the molding. In one embodiment it is preferred that the PC is the only polymer component of the molded body.
- the PK is present as a mixture with other polymers, in particular thermoplastic polymers.
- Preferred further polymers include thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) and other thermoplastic elastomers, polyesters, liquid crystalline polyesters (LCP), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polycarbonate (PC).
- Preferred mass ratios between PK and the further polymers, in particular thermoplastic further polymers are 1: 1 to 100: 1, preferably 5: 1 to 100: 1, particularly preferably 10: 1 to 100: 1.
- the shaped body can contain fillers such as fibers and / or customary additives such as processing aids and / or functional components.
- the cross-linked PC forms a matrix in which any additives that may be present are evenly distributed.
- the at least one crosslinker preferably contains at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, in particular at least 99% by weight, based on the total weight of the crosslinker, of a diamine source selected from
- Di (aminophenyl) compounds in which the two aminophenyl rings are linked to one another via an aliphatic group which has a carbocyclic radical
- Diamine compounds selected from compounds of the formula (I), (II) and (III),
- Oligo- / polymers which have at least two amide groups, saturated, alicyclic compounds which have at least two primary amine groups, oligo- / polymers which contain these incorporated and
- the amount of crosslinker is adjusted with a view to the desired degree of crosslinking.
- the proportion of the crosslinking agent is preferably 0.05% by weight to 15% by weight, in particular 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of aliphatic polyketone and crosslinking agent.
- the proportion of the crosslinker is 0.1 to 1.5% by weight, in particular 0.4 to 1.0% by weight. It has been found that the stability of the product with such a crosslinker content can be particularly advantageous.
- the crosslinker has a boiling point of 1013 mbar, which is at least 300 ° C., in particular at least 350 ° C., in a special embodiment at least 400 ° C. This is advantageous because such crosslinkers only have a relatively low vapor pressure at the required high processing temperatures.
- the boiling point of the crosslinker is preferably 1013 mbar in a range from 300.degree. C. to 500.degree. C., in particular in a range from 350.degree. C. to 500.degree.
- the melting point of the crosslinker is advantageously below the melting point of the aliphatic polyketone (PK). This results in good processability and low risk to the user.
- the diamine source used as a crosslinker is an oligo / polymer which has at least two amide groups.
- polyamide is used synonymously with an oligo / polymer which has at least two amide groups.
- crosslinkers this term also includes the lower molecular weight products formed during the reaction in the process according to the invention (e.g. from hydrolytic cleavage of amide groups with the formation of amine groups capable of reacting with the keto groups of the PK) to the extent that these are capable of networking the PK.
- both the polyamides used to provide the mixture of PC and crosslinker and any oligomers and diamine monomers thereof containing amine groups can serve as crosslinkers.
- polyamides is used below to summarize homo- and copolyamides. In the context of the invention, to designate the polyamides, some customary abbreviations are used, which consist of the letters PA and the numbers and letters that follow.
- PA 6 for the polymer of e-caprolactam or e-aminocaproic acid.
- Polyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids of the types H2N- (CH2) x- NH2 and HOOC- (CH2) y -COOH are identified as PA xy, where x is the number of carbon atoms in the diamine and y is the number of carbon atoms referred to in the dicarboxylic acid.
- xy is the number of carbon atoms in the diamine
- y is the number of carbon atoms referred to in the dicarboxylic acid.
- PA 66/610 the copolyamide of hexamethylenediamine, adipic acid and sebacic acid.
- T terephthalic acid
- I isophthalic acid
- MXDA m-xylylenediamine
- IPDA isophoronediamine
- PACM 4,4'-methylenebis (cyclohexylamine)
- MACM 2, 2'-dimethyl-4,4'-methylenebis (cyclohexylamine).
- the polyamides can be described by the monomers used for their production.
- a polyamide-forming polymer is a monor suitable for polyamide formation.
- the crosslinker contains a polymer which has at least two amide groups, the polymer polyamide-forming monomers in copolymerized form, which are selected from
- polyamides preferably with a melting point of at most 260 ° C.
- crosslinking agents preferably with a melting point of at most 260 ° C.
- aliphatic polyamides are used.
- the stipulation applies that at least one of the components A) or B) and at least one of the components C) or D) must be present.
- the proviso applies that at least one component A) and at least one component D) must be present.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acids A) are preferably selected from unsubstituted or substituted phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acids or diphenyldicarboxylic acids and the derivatives and mixtures of the aforementioned aromatic dicarboxylic acids.
- Substituted aromatic dicarboxylic acids A) have preferably at least one Ci-C4-alkyl radical.
- Substituted aromatic dicarboxylic acids A) particularly preferably have one or two C1-C4-alkyl radicals.
- Substituted aromatic dicarboxylic acids A) can also carry further functional groups which do not interfere with the amidation, such as, for example, 5-sulfoisophthalic acid, its salts and derivatives. Of these, the sodium salt of dimethyl 5-sulfoisophthalate is preferred.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid A) is preferably selected from unsubstituted terephthalic acid, unsubstituted isophthalic acid, unsubstituted naphthalenedicarboxylic acids, 2-chloroterephthalic acid, 2-methylterephthalic acid, 5-methylisophthalic acid and 5-sulfoisophthalic acid.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid A) used is particularly preferably terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid or a mixture of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid.
- the aromatic diamines B) are preferably selected from bis (4-aminophenyl) methane, 3-methylbenzidine, 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) propane, 1,1-bis (4-aminophenyl) -cyclohexane, 1,2-diaminobenzene, 1,4-diaminobenzene, 1,4-diaminonaphthalene, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 1,3-diaminotoluene (s), m-xylylenediamine, N, N'-dimethyl-4,4 '-biphenyl-diamine, bis- (4-methyl-aminophenyl) -methane, 2,2-bis- (4-methylaminophenyl) -propane or mixtures thereof.
- the aromatic diamine used is particularly preferably m-xylylenediamine.
- the aliphatic or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids C) are preferably selected from oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecane-1,11-dicarboxylic acid, dodecane-1,12-dicarboxylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or itaconic acid, cis- and trans-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, cis- and trans-cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, cis- and trans-cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, cis- and trans-cyclopentane-1 , 2-dicarboxylic acid, cis- and trans-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid and mixtures thereof.
- the aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diamines D) are preferably selected from ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, heptamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, 2-methyl-1,8-octamethylenediamine, decamethylenediamine, 2-methylenediamine, 2,2-methylenediamine, dodecamethylenediamine , 4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 5-methylnonamethylenediamine, 2,4-dimethyloctamethylenediamine, 5-methylnonanediamine, bis- (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'diaminodicyclohexylmethane and Mixtures thereof.
- the diamine D) is particularly preferably selected from hexamethylenediamine, 2-methylpentamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, decamethylenediamine, undecamethylenediamine, dodecamethylenediamine, bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane, 2,2-bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) propane, 1,3 -Bis- (aminomethyl) -cyclohexane and 1, 4-bisaminomethylcyclohexane, 5-amino-2,2,4- trimethyl-1 -cyclopentanemethylamine, 5-amino-1, 3,3- trimethylcyclohexanemethylamine (isophoronediamine), 3,3 '-Dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexyl methane, [3- (aminomethyl) -2-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl] methanamine, aminated dimer fatty acids
- the aqueous solution contains at least one diamine D), which is selected from hexamethylene diamine, bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane (PACM), 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'diaminodicyclohexylmethane (MACM) , Isophoronediamine (IPDA), and mixtures thereof.
- the monocarboxylic acids E) serve to end-cap the polyamide oligomers used according to the invention. In principle, all monocarboxylic acids which are capable of reacting with at least some of the available amino groups under the reaction conditions of the polyamide condensation are suitable.
- Suitable monocarboxylic acids E) are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, alicyclic monocarboxylic acids and aromatic monocarboxylic acids. These include acetic acid, propionic acid, n-, iso- or tert.
- valeric acid trimethylacetic acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, pivalic acid, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, oleic acid, phenylbenzoic acid, 1-naphthalenic acid, phenyl-naphthoic acid, oleic acid, phenylbenzoic acid, oleic acid, naphthoic acid, naphthoic acid, pelargonic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, phenylbenzoic acid , Linoleic acid, linolenic acid, erucic acid, fatty acids from soy, linseed, castor and sunflower, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, tertiary saturated monocarboxylic acids
- the monocarboxylic acid E) is particularly preferably selected from acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid and mixtures thereof.
- the aqueous solution contains exclusively acetic acid as monocarboxylic acid E).
- the aqueous solution contains exclusively propionic acid as monocarboxylic acid E).
- the aqueous solution contains exclusively benzoic acid as monocarboxylic acid E).
- the monoamines F) serve to end-cap the polyamide oligomers used according to the invention.
- Suitable monoamines F are aliphatic monoamines, alicyclic monoamines and aromatic monoamines. These include methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, flexylamine, fleptylamine, octylamine, decylamine, stearylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, aniline, toluidine, diphenylamine, naphthylamine, and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable at least trivalent amines G) are selected from N '- (6-aminohexyl) hexane-1,6-diamine, N' - (12-aminododecyl) - dodecane-1, 12-diamine, N'- (6-aminohexyl) dodecane-1,12-diamine, N '- [3- (aminomethyl) -3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexyl] hexane-1,6-diamine, N' - [3- (aminomethyl) -3.5, 5-trimethyl-cyclohexyl] dodecane-1, 12-diamine, N '- [(5-amino-1, 3,3-trimethyl-cyclohexyl) methyl] hexane-1, 6-diamine, N' - [(5- amino-1, 3,3-trimethyl-cyclohexyl) methyl] dodecane-1, 12-diamine
- Suitable lactams F1 are e-caprolactam, 2-piperidone (d-valerolatam), 2-pyrrolidone (g-butyrolactam), capryllactam, enanthlactam, lauryllactam and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable w-amino acids I) are 6-aminocaproic acid, 7-aminoheptanoic acid,
- Suitable compounds K) different from A) to I) and thus cocondensable are at least trivalent carboxylic acids, diaminocarboxylic acids, etc.
- Suitable compounds K) are furthermore 4 - [(Z) -N- (6-aminohexyl) -C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl] benzoic acid, 3 - [(Z) -N- (6-aminohexyl) -C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl] benzoic acid, (6Z) -6- (6-aminohexylimino) -6-hydroxycarboxylic acid, 4 - [(Z) - N - [(5-Amino-1, 3,3-trimethyl-cyclohexyl) methyl] -C-hydroxy-carbonimidoyl] benzoic acid, 3 - [(Z) -N - [(5-amino-1,3,3- trimethyl-cyclohexyl) methyl] -C-hydroxy-carbonimidoyl] benzoic acid, 4 - [(Z) -N- [3- (aminomethyl) -3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohe
- a crosslinker selected from polyamides, their copolymers and mixtures thereof is used, the crosslinker having a melting range from 200 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably a melting range from 220 ° C to 240 ° C, in particular a Melting range from 220 ° C to 230 ° C.
- the at least one crosslinker is selected from a saturated, alicyclic compound which has at least two primary amine groups and oligomers / polymers which contain these incorporated.
- Suitable compounds are those whose boiling point is greater than 300 ° C. In a preferred embodiment, these compounds are in the form of a liquid in step i). They can thus serve as an internal solvent in melt blending.
- the saturated, alicyclic compound is preferably an aminated fatty acid dimer (dimer fatty acid).
- fatty acid dimer refers to the dimerized product of the reaction of two or more than two simple or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Such fatty acid dimers are well known in the art and typically exist as mixtures.
- Aminated dimer fatty acids are mixtures that are produced by the oligomerization of unsaturated fatty acids. Unsaturated C12 to C22 fatty acids can be used as starting materials. Depending on the number and position of the double bonds of the C12 to C22 fatty acids used to produce the dimer fatty acids, the amine groups of the dimer fatty acids are linked to one another by hydrocarbon radicals which predominantly have 24 to 44 carbon atoms.
- the saturated, alicyclic compound is A special embodiment are polymers which contain at least one aminated dimer fatty acid incorporated. An even more specific embodiment are polymers that make up the compound built-in included.
- the at least one crosslinker is a mixture containing an oligomer / polymer which has at least one amide group and a saturated, alicyclic compound which has at least two primary amine groups.
- the at least one crosslinker is a mixture containing an oligo / polymer which has at least one amide group and an oligo / polymer which contains in copolymerized form at least one saturated, alicyclic compound which has at least two primary amine groups.
- the at least one crosslinker is a diamine compound selected from compounds of the formulas (I), (II) and (III) where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen,
- R 5 , R 6 , R 7, R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, Ci-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C6-Ci4-aryl, where the alkyl group, alkenyl group and alkynyl group are unsubstituted or substituted by R a and where the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted by R b,
- R 13 , R 14 , R 15, R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, Ci-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl , C6-Ci4-aryl, where the alkyl group, alkenyl group and alkynyl group are unsubstituted or substituted by R a and where the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted by R b, X is selected from a bond, oxygen, sulfur, carbonyl, sulfonyl, sulfoxide, Ci-C6-alkylene, C2-C6-alkenylene and phenylene,
- R a is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, carboxyl, amino, C6-Ci2-aryl, the aryl group being unsubstituted or substituted by R c,
- R b is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, amino, Ci-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl,
- R c is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl and Ci-C4-haloalkyl.
- Ci-C4-alkyl groups are, in particular, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
- Ci-C6-alkyl groups are in particular the aforementioned C1-C4-alkyl groups as well as n-pentyl and n-hexyl.
- Ci-C4-haloalkyl preferably represents one of the aforementioned C1-C4-alkyl groups, which preferably has 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3 halogen substituents. This includes, for example, trifluoromethyl.
- Unsubstituted C6-Ci4-aryl is preferably phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, naphthacenyl and in particular phenyl or naphthyl.
- Substituted C6-Ci4-aryl preferably has 1, 2, 3, 4 or more than 4 radicals, preferably selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl and Ci-C4-haloalkyl.
- Examples of C6-Ci4-aryl substituted with Ci-C4-alkyl are tolyl, xylyl, mesityl.
- Ci-C6-alkylene is preferably -CH2-, -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2- or -C (CH 3 ) 2 -.
- the at least one crosslinker is a compound of the formula (I) or (II), where
- R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 10 and R 11 represent hydrogen
- R 1 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, Ci-Cö-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C6-Ci4-aryl, where the alkyl group, Alkenyl group and alkynyl group are unsubstituted or substituted by R a and wherein the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted by R b,
- R 9 and R 12 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, Ci-Cö-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C6-Ci4-aryl, where the alkyl group, Alkenyl group and alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted by R a and where the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted by R b,
- X is selected from a bond, oxygen, sulfur, carbonyl, sulfonyl, sulfoxide, Ci-C6-alkylene, C2-C6-alkenylene and phenylene,
- R a is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, carboxyl, amino, C6-Ci2-aryl, the aryl group being unsubstituted or substituted by R c,
- R b is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, amino, Ci-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl, and
- R c is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano Ci-C4-alkyl and Ci-C4-haloalkyl.
- the at least one crosslinker is a compound of the formula (Ia) or (II. A) R 1 , R 4 , R 9 and R 12 and X have the following meanings
- the crosslinker is selected from compounds of the formulas (III.a) and (III.b):
- the crosslinker is selected from compounds (III.a1) and (III.b1):
- the at least one crosslinker is a di (aminophenyl) compound in which the two aminophenyl rings are linked to one another via an aliphatic group which has a carbocyclic radical.
- Di (aminophenyl) compounds used as crosslinkers (or as a source of diamine) have two aminophenyl rings connected to one another.
- the compounds are therefore primary diamines.
- each phenyl ring has only a single amino group.
- the phenyl rings independently of one another have two or three amino groups.
- the compounds are low molecular weight and not polymers.
- the phenyl rings can have further substituents, such as alkyl or
- the two aminophenyl rings are linked to one another via an aliphatic group.
- Aliphatic groups consist only of carbon and hydrogen and are not aromatic.
- the di (aminophenyl) compounds used as crosslinkers (or as a source of diamine) have apart from the two phenyl rings, preferably no further double or triple bonds.
- the aliphatic group has a carbocyclic radical.
- Carbocyclic radicals are hydrocarbon rings which, for example, can have 4 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
- the carbocyclic radical can comprise double bonds of the phenyl rings.
- the carbocyclic group preferably has only a single aliphatic hydrocarbon ring.
- the aliphatic group preferably has a total of 5 to 15 carbon atoms, in particular 6 to 8 carbon atoms. Because of the aliphatic group between the carboyclic radicals, the two phenyl rings are not conjugated.
- PK which is crosslinked with such di (aminophenyl) compounds has particularly advantageous properties.
- the crosslinked PC has improved thermal stability and increased mechanical stability.
- the di (aminophenyl) compound used as a crosslinker is a fused compound in which only one of the two phenyl rings is fused to the carbocyclic radical.
- Anellation condensation refers to the addition of another ring to a ring of a cyclic molecule.
- the two fused rings share two carbon atoms and thus a C-C double bond of the phenyl ring.
- the use of such fused crosslinkers has the advantage that a particularly rigid and regular connection can be formed between the PK chains, as a result of which particularly high temperature stability and rigidity of the products can be achieved.
- the amino groups of the di (aminophenyl) compound used as a crosslinker (or as a source of diamine) can in principle be at any positions in the Phenyl group be present, so in ortho-, meta- or para-position with respect to the aliphatic connection of the two phenyl rings.
- each phenyl group has only a single amino group, it is preferred that the two amino groups are as far apart from one another as possible. This can be achieved if the two amino groups are attached to the para position with respect to the aliphatic compound and / or to the 4- and 4'-positions of the phenyl rings.
- the DiaminodiphenylENS is a 4,4 '-DiaminodiphenylENS.
- the advantage of amino groups that are as far apart as possible from one another can be that the formation of undesired intramolecular reactions in which a crosslinker forms two bonds with the same PK polymer chain is reduced. Such intramolecular reactions with the crosslinker can disrupt the crystalline structure of the PK without being effective for crosslinking and thereby reduce the stability of the product.
- the di (aminophenyl) compound used as a crosslinker (or as a source of diamine) is an asymmetric compound.
- the di (aminophenyl) compound used as a crosslinker (or as a source of diamine) is a compound of the general formula (IV) in which R 19 and R 20 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular methyl or ethyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 5 to 12 carbon atoms, F and CI, and where Z is the aliphatic group containing a carbocyclic radical.
- Each phenyl ring can have one, two or three radicals R 19 or R 20 , which are selected independently of one another.
- a phenyl ring preferably has only one radical R 19 and / or R 20 .
- the radicals R 19 and R 20 are each particularly preferably H.
- Crosslinkers without additional radicals R 19 and R 20 are relatively readily available and can be processed into more stable, crosslinked PC.
- the radical Z can be linked to each phenyl radical via two or one bond.
- the radical Z is preferably connected to a phenyl radical via two bonds and to the second phenyl radical via one bond.
- the crosslinker is a compound of the general formula (IV.a) in which
- X is 3 or 4 depending on the number of bonds of the phenyl ring substituted with R 19 to the group Z
- y is 3 or 4 depending on the number of bonds of the phenyl ring substituted with R 20 to the group Z
- the radicals R 19 are in each case independently selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted or alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted or substituted or aryl with 5 to 14 carbon atoms
- F and CI the radicals R 20 are in each case independently selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted or alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, unsubstituted or substituted or aryl with 5 to 14 carbon atoms, F and CI
- Z is an aliphatic group which has a carbocyclic radical, where Z is linked to each of the two phenyl rings via one or via two bonds.
- Z is preferably bonded to the phenyl ring substituted by R 19 via two bonds.
- x then stands for 3.
- Z is preferably bonded to the phenyl ring substituted by R 20 via a bond.
- y then stands for 4.
- x stands for 3
- y stands for 4.
- Z and the two phenyl rings form an indane structure to which a phenyl ring is bonded.
- alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms preferably includes the definition given above for Ci-C6-alkyl and additionally n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n- Nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-flexadecyl, n-fleptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, arachinyl and their constitutional isomers.
- Substituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms has at least 1 (for example 1, 2, 3, 4 or more than 4) substituents, preferably selected from flalogen, nitro, cyano and Ci-C4-alkoxy.
- Substituted alkyl stands specifically for C1-C4- Haloalkyl, which preferably has 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3 halogen substituents. These include, for example, trifluoromethyl.
- unsubstituted aryl having 5 to 14 carbon atoms preferably represents phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl and phenanthrenyl, in particular phenyl or naphthyl.
- Unsubstituted aryl with 5 to 12 carbon atoms stands in particular for phenyl or naphthyl.
- Substituted aryl with 5 to 14 carbon atoms or substituted aryl with 5 to 12 carbon atoms preferably has 1, 2, 3, 4 or more than 4 radicals, preferably selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl and C1 -C4 haloalkyl. Examples of substituted aryl with 5 to 14 carbon atoms or substituted aryl with 5 to 12 carbon atoms are tolyl, xylyl, mesityl.
- the radicals R 19 are preferably selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, F and Cl.
- the radicals R 19 are particularly preferably selected from hydrogen and unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the radicals R 20 are preferably selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, F and Cl.
- the radicals R 20 are particularly preferably selected from hydrogen and unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Each phenyl ring preferably has no, one or two radicals R 19 or R 20 which are different from hydrogen.
- the radicals R 19 and R 20 all represent hydrogen.
- Compounds of formula (IV.a) in which the radicals R 19 and R 20 all represent hydrogen are relatively readily available and can be processed into more stable, crosslinked PC.
- the crosslinker is a compound of the general formula (V) where R 19 and R 20 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular methyl or ethyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 5 to 12 carbon atoms , F and CI, and where R 21 is a carbocyclic radical which has 2 to 3 carbon ring atoms and which can be substituted by at least one alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular methyl or ethyl.
- the radicals R 19 and R 20 are particularly preferably each H.
- the carbocyclic radical R 21 is therefore a pentyl or flexyl radical.
- Such crosslinkers have the advantage that a particularly good combination of temperature stability and mechanical stability of the crosslinked PC can be obtained.
- the crosslinker is a compound of the general formula (Va): where R 21 is selected as indicated above.
- Such crosslinkers have the advantage that a particularly good combination of temperature stability and mechanical stability of the crosslinked PC can be obtained.
- the crosslinker has the formula (V.a1): In the tests carried out, the connection led to a particularly advantageous combination of temperature stability and mechanical stability of the crosslinked PC.
- the chemical name is 1- (4-aminophenyl) -1, 3,3-trimethyl-indan-5-amine (CAS No. 54628-89-6).
- the crosslinker has the formula (V.b1): In the tests carried out, the connection also leads to a particularly advantageous combination of temperature stability and mechanical stability of the crosslinked PC.
- the chemical name is 1- (4-aminophenyl) -1, 3,3-trimethyl-indan-6-amine.
- the crosslinker has a mixture of compounds of the formulas (V.a1) and (V.b1). In the tests carried out, this crosslinker likewise leads to a particularly advantageous combination of temperature stability and mechanical stability of the crosslinked PC.
- crosslinker has the formula (VII):
- this crosslinker likewise leads to a particularly advantageous combination of temperature stability and mechanical stability of the crosslinked PC.
- the chemical name is 1- (4-aminophenyl) -1, 3,3-trimethyl-indan-amine (CAS No. 68170-20-7).
- the amino group on the aromatic ring of the indane can also occur in all positions.
- mixtures of 1- (4-aminophenyl) -1,3,3-trimethyl-indan-amines in which the amino group on the aromatic ring of the indane is in different positions. It is preferred according to the invention to use a single specific crosslinker in order to obtain material properties that are as uniform as possible. However, it is also possible to use mixtures of two or more crosslinkers.
- the method according to the invention relates to a crosslinking reaction in which the polymer chains of the polyketones are covalently and intramolecularly linked to one another.
- step (i) a mixture is provided which contains the polyketone and the crosslinker.
- the mixture provided in step (i) can be produced by customary compounding processes.
- the at least one polyketone, the at least one crosslinker, optionally a filler and reinforcing material and optionally a further different additive is preferably melt-blended or dry-blended (compounded).
- the polymers When mixing in the melt or melt mixing, the polymers are heated above their melting temperature and intensively mixed by rolling, kneading or extrusion.
- the temperature in step (i) is preferably set so that the mixture is easy to process and has a viscosity suitable for compounding.
- the temperature in step (i) is preferably set so that no significant reaction takes place between the polyketone and the crosslinker.
- the residence time at temperatures at which a reaction between the PC and the crosslinker already takes place should be kept as short as possible.
- the amine crosslinking of PK with the crosslinker described according to the invention preferably begins in the melt.
- the crosslinkers it is not necessary, as in the case of the processes described in the prior art, for the crosslinkers to be covalently attached to the PC via aminic bonds. This is beneficial because According to the invention, such an additional reaction step can be dispensed with, which would have to be precisely controlled in order to prevent an undesired further reaction of the intermediates and a premature crosslinking resulting therefrom.
- step i) the at least one polyketone, the at least one crosslinker, optionally a filler and reinforcing material and optionally a further additive different therefrom is fed into an extruder, mixed with plasticization and optionally granulated.
- the temperature in step i) during melt mixing is preferably in the range from 220 to 260 ° C.
- step i) the at least one polyketone, the at least one crosslinking agent, optionally a filler and reinforcing material and optionally a further different additive is preferably subjected to dry mixing.
- the components mentioned can be mixed using any known dry mixing technique.
- a dry blend of polyketone, the at least one crosslinker, optionally the filler and reinforcing material and optionally a further additive different therefrom is obtained.
- the temperature in step i) during dry mixing is below the softening range of PK, preferably in the range from 0.degree. C. to 100.degree.
- crosslinkable mixture is preferred after the freezing point without further intermediate steps which change the composition are processed further in step (ii).
- an intermediate product When mixing (compounding) an intermediate product can be obtained, for example a granulate.
- These intermediate products are stable for a long time at temperatures in the range of less than 80 ° C, preferably less than 50 ° C, especially at ambient temperature and below, and can, for example, be temporarily stored and / or transported to another location and processed further.
- the mixture does not contain any solvent.
- no external solvent is added to the mixture.
- the mixture is preferably heated to a temperature at which it is in liquid or flowable (plasticized) form.
- a temperature at which it is in liquid or flowable (plasticized) form In order to obtain a homogeneous mixture, it is preferred to choose the temperature and residence time so that there is no significant crosslinking.
- the crosslinker is added continuously to the PC.
- the components can be in liquid or solid form. In this way a particularly uniform mixture can be obtained.
- the crosslinking agent is preferably added with thorough mixing, for example with stirring, kneading, rolling and / or extrusion.
- the crosslinker is supplied in the form of a concentrate.
- crosslinker can be better dosed, whereby the uniformity of the mixture can be improved.
- a particularly homogeneous mixture can be obtained, so that particularly regular crosslinking is achieved. This can prevent areas of different degrees of crosslinking from arising, which can lead to inhomogeneities and possible damage to the product in the event of thermal or mechanical stress. In this way, particularly good properties with regard to temperature stability and mechanical stability can be achieved.
- Step (ii) a molding is produced from the mixture.
- Step (ii) of producing the shaped body comprises all measures by which the mixture is brought into a three-dimensional shape that is retained in the cured, crosslinked state.
- the molding is preferably produced by means of molding processes such as are customary for thermoplastics. It is preferred here for the molding to be produced before the crosslinking and / or during the crosslinking. It is generally not critical if the mixture used in step ii) already contains small proportions of crosslinked products. It is particularly preferable for the shaping to take place before step (iii) because the mixture can advantageously be thermoplastically processed and shaped before crosslinking, in particular by hot pressing, extrusion, injection molding and / or 3D printing.
- step i If the components are mixed by dry mixing in step i), the dry mixture is melted in step ii) and subjected to a shaping step as described above.
- steps i) and ii) take place separately in succession.
- the molding is produced in step (ii) by thermoplastic reshaping. This means that the mixture can be formed from the melt in a non-crosslinked and / or at least not significantly crosslinked state, since otherwise thermoplastic processing would no longer be possible. If there are too many crosslinking points, the PK intermediate product is no longer flowable and can no longer be readily thermoplastically formed. Before shaping, the mixture should only be exposed to the high processing temperatures for a short period of time. The thermoplastic processing is therefore preferably carried out in such a way that the dwell time of the mixture in the device is as short as possible.
- the processing is carried out in such a way that the essential part of the crosslinking reaction, and for example more than 80%, more than 90% or more than 95% of the crosslinks, only takes place after the shaping, ie in step (iii) .
- the mixture is processed in step (ii) by extrusion, hot pressing, injection molding and / or 3D printing and is shaped in the process.
- These methods are particularly suitable for the simple and efficient processing of thermoplastic polymer compositions.
- "Reshaping" means that a shape that was first given is changed again later. Typical forming processes are bending, embossing, stretching and deep drawing, etc.
- the extrusion can be carried out by known methods. During extrusion, solid to viscous hardenable materials are continuously pressed out of a shaping opening (also known as a nozzle, die or mouthpiece) under pressure. This creates bodies with the cross-section of the opening, called extrudate, in theoretically any length.
- the extrusion is preferably carried out at a temperature of at least 220 ° C, preferably between 220 ° C and 265 ° C, and in particular between 230 ° C and 250 ° C.
- Hot pressing is a process in which the molding compound is introduced into the previously heated cavity. The cavity is then closed using a pressure piston. The pressure gives the molding compound the shape given by the tool.
- the hot pressing is preferably carried out at a temperature of at least 220.degree. C., preferably between 220.degree. C. and 265.degree. C., and in particular between 230.degree. C. and 250.degree.
- Injection molding (often also referred to as injection molding or injection molding process) is a molding process that is used in plastics processing.
- the plastic is plasticized with an injection molding machine and injected into a mold, the injection molding tool, under pressure.
- the material returns to its solid state when it cools down and is removed as a molded body after the tool is opened.
- the cavity of the tool determines the shape and surface structure of the product.
- FDM fused deposition modeling
- FDM is basically based on the three elements print bed (the desired object is printed on this), filament spool (supplies the print material) and print head (also called extruder).
- the filament consisting of the thermoplastic molding compound is unrolled during the process, fed to the extruder, melted there and deposited layer by layer on the printing plate.
- the crosslinked PC can have particularly advantageous properties if the heating of the molding in step (iii), depending on the crosslinking temperature, is preferably carried out over a period of at least 1 hour, for example from 1 hour to 2 days. It has been found that the thermal stability, the modulus of elasticity and the tensile strength can be significantly increased by such a thermal treatment.
- the thermal treatment of the shaped body in step (iii) can also be expedient to subject the thermal treatment of the shaped body in step (iii) to a thermal treatment over a relatively long time, preferably of at least 6 hours, in particular for more than 2 days.
- the thermal treatment is carried out over a period of 2 to 10, in particular for 2 to 6 days.
- the thermal treatment is preferably carried out with the exclusion of oxygen.
- the moldings are cooled after crosslinking and can be used or further processed.
- both the mixture in step (i) and the shaped body can contain fillers and reinforcing materials and / or optionally a different additive.
- the cross-linked PC forms a matrix in which any fillers and reinforcing materials and / or additives that may be present are evenly distributed.
- Suitable fillers and reinforcing materials are selected from glass fibers, e.g. in the form of glass fabrics, mats, nonwovens, glass silk rovings or cut glass silk, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, glass balls, quartz powder, silicon and boron nitride, amorphous silica, asbestos, magnesium carbonate, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, Kaolin, mica, feldspar, talc and mixtures thereof.
- the fillers and reinforcing materials can be obtained in an amount of up to 80% by weight, for example from 0.1% by weight to 80% by weight, especially from 1% by weight to 60% by weight based on the total weight of the components used to position the molding.
- the additives can each be used in an amount of up to 20% by weight, for example from 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, more particularly 0.1% by weight up to 18% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the components used to produce the molding, can be used.
- the shaped body can in particular be obtained by the processes according to the invention which are described in the context of this invention.
- the molded body preferably has the advantageous properties that are described in the context of this invention for the crosslinked PC.
- the term molded body refers to products made from crosslinked PC which have a defined three-dimensional shape. It is not necessary here for the shaped body to be a defined object, but rather it can also be a coating, for example.
- the molded body can consist of the crosslinked PC or contain it, for example as a composite material or laminate.
- the shaped body according to the invention is post-tempered.
- the shaped body according to the invention is post-tempered for a period of 5 minutes to 6 hours.
- the shaped body according to the invention is post-tempered over a period of more than 6 hours up to several days.
- the shaped body is preferably post-tempered for a period of 5 minutes to 6 hours and, compared to shaped bodies made of uncrosslinked PC, has advantageous, improved mechanical properties which are characterized by increased tensile modulus, increased yield stress and increased elongation.
- the shaped body according to the invention, post-tempered over a period of 5 minutes to 6 hours preferably has a tensile modulus of at least 1800 MPa, in particular of at least 1900 MPa, and particularly preferably of at least 2000 MPa.
- Preferred the molding according to the invention, post-tempered over a period of 5 minutes to 6 hours has a yield strength of at least 65 MPa, in particular of at least 68 MPa, and particularly preferably of at least 70 MPa.
- the molding according to the invention which has been post-baked over a period of 5 minutes to 6 hours preferably has an improved elongation of at least 20%, and particularly preferably of at least 23%.
- the degree of crosslinking is therefore preferably set with a view to the desired application, for example via the proportion of crosslinker and the type and duration of the thermal treatment.
- the degree of crosslinking is preferably not measured directly, but rather it is determined by suitable test methods, such as, for example, a flea temperature tensile test, whether the shaped body has the desired properties having. At very high temperatures, it is advisable to determine the dynamic modulus.
- the shaped bodies can be used in particular in technical fields in which high mechanical stability, and in particular high rigidity, are required. They are particularly suitable for applications in the automotive, shipping, aerospace, rail vehicles, oil and gas industry, food and packaging industry and medical technology and, in particular, as sealing items, preferably sealing and O-rings, bushings, foils, powders, coatings, Fibers, bearings, back-up rings, valves, thrust washers, coupling elements, snap hooks, pipes or lines, cables, casings and sheaths, housings or as a component thereof. They are particularly suitable for uses where high chemical resistance and resistance to abrasion are required.
- the methods, moldings and sealing articles according to the invention achieve the object on which the invention is based.
- they Compared to the non-crosslinked PC, they have an improved temperature resistance and higher mechanical stability combined with good processability.
- the shaped bodies have high rigidity, in particular above the glass transition temperature.
- the high rigidity goes hand in hand with reduced creep behavior at high temperatures.
- the improved temperature resistance is evident both at the maximum temperature and at the long-term use temperature.
- the products show a very good rating Chemical resistance and reduced flammability, as the material does not melt due to the crosslinking and no burning material drips off.
- the moldings according to the invention can be produced in a simple and efficient manner by thermoplastic molding processes.
- the Fier ein can be done by simply extruding.
- the processes are also environmentally friendly and can be carried out without endangering the user, since the crosslinkers used have relatively high boiling points and are not very volatile.
- FIG. 2 shows the development of the complex dynamic module with increasing temperature of a molding according to the invention (PK with 1.00% DAPI, thermally treated, measuring point indicated by asterisks) in Comparison to the standard base material (PC without thermal treatment, measuring points indicated by squares).
- DAPI 1- (4-aminophenyl) -1, 3,3-trimethyl-indan-6-amine, and isomers thereof
- PK aliphatic polyether ketone (MVR: 60 cm 3/10 min (@ 240 ° C / 2.16 kg) , M.p .: 220 ° C)
- DAPI-isomer mixture having the CAS Number 68170-20-7 crosslinking agent having the formula VII
- crosslinking agent having the formula VII crosslinking agent having the formula VII
- the granulate is processed into test specimens by injection molding and then also subjected to a thermal aftertreatment over a period of 1 hour in a vacuum oven.
- the tensile modulus of elasticity of the PK Due to the chemical post-crosslinking, the tensile modulus of elasticity of the PK has increased by approx. 13% compared to the non-crosslinked base material. Furthermore, the yield stress is increased by approx. 11% and the elongation by approx. 24% compared to the uncrosslinked base material.
- Embodiment 2 The DAPI-isomer mixture having the CAS Number 68170-20-7 (crosslinker of formula VII) is carried out at using twin screw compounder in a commercial PK with a melting point of about 220 ° C and an MVR of 60 cm 3/10 min ( 240 ° C and 2.16 kg weight load) mixed in and the strand chopped into granules.
- the granulate is processed into test specimens by injection molding and then also subjected to a thermal aftertreatment over a period of 2 hours in a vacuum oven. After completion of the thermal aftertreatment, a tensile test according to ISO 527-2 was carried out and the values compared with uncrosslinked PK base material (Table 2). Table 2:
- the tensile modulus of elasticity of the PK Due to the chemical post-crosslinking, the tensile modulus of elasticity of the PK has increased by approx. 14% compared to the non-crosslinked base material. Furthermore, the yield stress is increased by approx. 13% and the elongation by 31% compared to the uncrosslinked base material.
- DAPI-isomer mixture having the CAS Number 68170-20-7 crosslinking agent having the formula VII
- crosslinking agent having the formula VII crosslinking agent having the formula VII
- the granulate is processed into test specimens by injection molding and then also subjected to a thermal aftertreatment over a period of 6 days in a heating furnace under a protective gas atmosphere.
- the tensile modulus of elasticity of the PK has more than doubled compared to the non-crosslinked base material.
- the crosslinked material no longer shows ductile behavior and the maximum strength is approximately 10 MPa higher than that of the uncrosslinked material.
- the elasticity of the material is severely restricted, as a result of which the elongation at break is reduced to 2.5%.
- DMA Dynamic mechanical analysis
- the temperature gradients were measured with test specimen strips (width approx. 4 mm, thickness approx. 3 mm, length approx. 45 mm) under the following conditions: heating rate 2 K / min, contact force 0.5 N, frequency 1.0 Hz, mean elongation 0, 5%, elongation ampl. +/- 0.1%. The results are shown graphically in FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows the development of the complex dynamic module with increasing temperature of the molding according to the invention (PK with 1.0% DAPI, thermally treated, measuring points represented by asterisks) compared to the standard base material PK (PK without thermal treatment, measuring points represented by squares).
- the PC crosslinked according to the invention has advantageous thermal properties.
- the material shows an increased modulus (see Table 4) and increased heat resistance. While the sharp drop in the If the module is caused by a melting of the material in the uncrosslinked PK from approx. 210 ° C, the loss of module in the crosslinked material is not caused by melting, but by the formation of cracks in the material.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020102926.8A DE102020102926B4 (de) | 2020-02-05 | 2020-02-05 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aliphatisches Polyketon enthaltenden vernetzten Formkörpers, mit dem Verfahren erhältliche Formkörper und Dichtungsartikel |
| DE102020134187 | 2020-12-18 | ||
| PCT/EP2021/052734 WO2021156403A1 (de) | 2020-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Vernetzte aliphatische polyketone |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4100457A1 true EP4100457A1 (de) | 2022-12-14 |
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| EP21704727.3A Pending EP4100457A1 (de) | 2020-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Vernetzte aliphatische polyketone |
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| US (1) | US20230081308A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4100457A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP7560563B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN115066454A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021156403A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE102021211157A1 (de) | 2021-10-04 | 2023-04-06 | Karl Leibinger Medizintechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Implantatsystem |
| EP4555003A1 (de) * | 2022-07-15 | 2025-05-21 | Avient Corporation | Dynamisch vulkanisierte zusammensetzungen mit aliphatischem polyketon, funktionalisiertem kautschuk und geruchsarmer vernetzungsverbindung |
| WO2024015945A1 (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-01-18 | Avient Corporation | Dynamically vulcanized compositions comprising aliphatic polyketone, functionalized rubber, and low-odor crosslinking compound |
| US20240059867A1 (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-02-22 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Flame-retardant molded articles for electrical devices |
| PL4321569T3 (pl) | 2022-08-12 | 2025-08-18 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Ognioodporne usieciowane poliketony alifatyczne |
| WO2024076464A1 (en) * | 2022-10-03 | 2024-04-11 | Jabil Inc. | Additive manufactured article comprising a grafted aliphatic polyketone, filament and powder |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS59168057A (ja) * | 1983-03-07 | 1984-09-21 | イ−・アイ・デユポン・デ・ニモアス・アンド・カンパニ− | 硬化性重合体組成物 |
| ATE136563T1 (de) * | 1988-11-10 | 1996-04-15 | Shell Int Research | Hitzehärtbare harze |
| US5405700A (en) * | 1993-12-13 | 1995-04-11 | Shell Oil Company | Epoxy-polyketone polymer composite system |
| JPH11181080A (ja) * | 1997-12-25 | 1999-07-06 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | ガス発生の少ない脂肪族ポリケトン樹脂の製造方法 |
| JP2000290365A (ja) * | 1999-04-02 | 2000-10-17 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | ポリケトンおよびその製造方法 |
| WO2004099299A2 (en) | 2003-05-05 | 2004-11-18 | Porogen Corporation | Porous poly(aryl ether ketone) membranes, processes for their preparation and use thereof |
| US8436106B2 (en) | 2008-07-24 | 2013-05-07 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Crosslinkers and materials produced using them |
| US10189991B2 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2019-01-29 | Polymics, Ltd | High temperature melt processable semi-crystalline poly (aryl ether ketone) containing a (4-hydroxyphenyl) phthalazin-1 (2H)-one comonomer unit |
| US9470058B2 (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2016-10-18 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Ultra high temperature packer by high-temperature elastomeric polymers |
| EP2848652A1 (de) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-18 | Rhodia Operations | Polyamidbasierte Zusammensetzung enthaltend Polyketon und Kautschuk |
| GB201409126D0 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2014-07-09 | Ketonex Ltd | Process |
| EP3168253B1 (de) * | 2015-11-13 | 2018-04-11 | Ems-Patent Ag | Flammgeschützte, aliphatische polyketonmassen, hieraus hergestellte formkörper sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung |
| CN106633786B (zh) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-12-14 | 威海联桥新材料科技股份有限公司 | 聚酮/聚对苯二甲酰己二胺合金材料及其制备方法 |
| JP6895063B2 (ja) * | 2017-05-23 | 2021-06-30 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 積層チューブ |
| KR102216172B1 (ko) * | 2017-07-14 | 2021-02-15 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 절연층 제조방법 및 반도체 패키지 제조방법 |
| DE102018119446A1 (de) | 2018-08-09 | 2020-02-13 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Vernetzung von Polyaryletherketonen |
| JP2022500523A (ja) | 2018-09-11 | 2022-01-04 | グリーン, ツイード テクノロジーズ, インコーポレイテッド | 架橋した有機ポリマーを形成するための架橋組成物、有機ポリマー組成物、それを形成する方法、およびそれから製造された成形品 |
-
2021
- 2021-02-05 US US17/797,111 patent/US20230081308A1/en active Pending
- 2021-02-05 CN CN202180012368.8A patent/CN115066454A/zh active Pending
- 2021-02-05 WO PCT/EP2021/052734 patent/WO2021156403A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-02-05 EP EP21704727.3A patent/EP4100457A1/de active Pending
- 2021-02-05 JP JP2022546691A patent/JP7560563B2/ja active Active
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN115066454A (zh) | 2022-09-16 |
| JP2023514116A (ja) | 2023-04-05 |
| WO2021156403A1 (de) | 2021-08-12 |
| JP7560563B2 (ja) | 2024-10-02 |
| US20230081308A1 (en) | 2023-03-16 |
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