EP4159395B1 - Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de composants en béton à surface structurée - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de composants en béton à surface structurée

Info

Publication number
EP4159395B1
EP4159395B1 EP22198542.7A EP22198542A EP4159395B1 EP 4159395 B1 EP4159395 B1 EP 4159395B1 EP 22198542 A EP22198542 A EP 22198542A EP 4159395 B1 EP4159395 B1 EP 4159395B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
portioning
concrete block
pourable material
block manufacturing
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22198542.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4159395A1 (fr
Inventor
Melzer Ulrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lithonplus GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Lithonplus GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102021125394.2A external-priority patent/DE102021125394A1/de
Priority claimed from DE202021105285.6U external-priority patent/DE202021105285U1/de
Application filed by Lithonplus GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Lithonplus GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP4159395A1 publication Critical patent/EP4159395A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4159395B1 publication Critical patent/EP4159395B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/001—Applying decorations on shaped articles, e.g. by painting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
    • B28B11/047—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers by pooring, e.g. curtain coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
    • B28B11/06—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with powdered or granular material, e.g. sanding of shaped articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
    • B28B17/0081—Process control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C19/00—Apparatus specially adapted for applying particulate materials to surfaces
    • B05C19/04—Apparatus specially adapted for applying particulate materials to surfaces the particulate material being projected, poured or allowed to flow onto the surface of the work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/26—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2203/00—Other substrates
    • B05D2203/30—Other inorganic substrates, e.g. ceramics, silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2401/00—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like
    • B05D2401/30—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like the coating being applied in other forms than involving eliminable solvent, diluent or dispersant
    • B05D2401/32—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like the coating being applied in other forms than involving eliminable solvent, diluent or dispersant applied as powders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a concrete block manufacturing device for distributing free-flowing material, in particular granulate, to form an at least partially formed surface layer of such material on a concrete block base body. Furthermore, the invention relates to a concrete block manufacturing method using such a concrete block manufacturing device.
  • the concrete block manufacturing device and by the method, at least one component of a free-flowing material is fed in.
  • the device comprises at least one feed element, a portioning device, and at least one opening element, so that the free-flowing material can be spread evenly over the surface of a concrete block base body in a predetermined arrangement and/or mixture.
  • the aim of the device and method is to produce a concrete block with a surface that is at least two or more colors, in particular mostly speckled, which can be created by sprinkling various free-flowing components with an individually selectable color scheme.
  • the device and method can be used to create patterns or images that are made possible by the targeted feeding of different components of the free-flowing material into the portioning device. For example, a striped pattern can be created by sequentially dispensing different components from the portioning device. In other words, a type of image or pattern can be applied, comparable to a printer.
  • Devices and methods are known from the prior art which are designed to apply a surface layer of at least one component, as well as a mixture of at least two different components, to a concrete block base body.
  • a filling carriage which is mounted so that it can move along a guide rail, can convey different materials to the molds for producing the paving stones.
  • the filling carriage has a first chamber in which the base material is stored, and at least one second chamber in which the material for The surface structure is applied.
  • the material from the second chamber can be fed to at least one perforated plate via a feed device. This is achieved via at least one movable metering element in the form of a mill wheel.
  • the DE 10 2014 010 259 A1 discloses a manufacturing method for concrete elements.
  • the concrete elements comprise at least one concrete layer. Concrete is poured into a mold for at least one element. The concrete is then compacted by means of vibration and/or stamping. Before compaction, at least one portion of a granular material is applied to the concrete layer using an application device. This can consist of colored or differently colored granular material. The material can be sprinkled or thrown onto the concrete layer using the application device, wherein the application device has at least one trickling device, a centrifugal disk, or a paddle wheel.
  • the application device comprises a paddle wheel that rotates about an axis orthogonal to the surface of the mold production base, whereby the material can be distributed over a large area.
  • the EP 1510 314 B1 shows a method and a device for producing multi-colored concrete blocks, comprising a silo and a filling carriage that can be moved between the silo and a forming template.
  • the silo has at least two chambers that can fill different material into the at least two receiving spaces of the filling carriage.
  • the filling carriage is first placed beneath the silo and filled and then moved to the forming templates for producing the concrete blocks.
  • the concrete block is filled with the material from the first receiving space on the outward travel. On the return travel, a surface layer is applied using the material from the second receiving space.
  • a distribution roller can be arranged at each of the outlets of the receiving spaces so that the material from the receiving space is evenly distributed onto the forming template. The distribution rollers run along the entire length of the outlets of the receiving spaces and are therefore filled with material along their entire length.
  • a grit hopper with a trough is moved over the concrete elements.
  • a cone of grit is formed within the grit hopper.
  • a rotating rotary wheel removes grit from the cone and throws it onto a distribution plate attached to the grit hopper.
  • the rotary wheel has sector-shaped chambers and rotates against the movement of the grit within the grit hopper.
  • the EP 3 546 165 A1 relates to a generic device and a method for producing surface-structured concrete components.
  • Free-flowing material is introduced centrally into a distribution device at points and is initially distributed evenly in one dimension by means of a conveyor screw.
  • a cellular wheel known as a spiked roller can be used to apply the free-flowing material over a large area as part of a relative movement between the application device and the concrete form.
  • a uniform, zero-dimensionally supplied free-flowing material can be spread two-dimensionally onto a concrete form.
  • a controllable distribution of the free-flowing material or the application of different types of free-flowing material to different surface areas is therefore not possible.
  • the DE 10 2015 000 210 A1 shows a process for applying relief structure images to a panel element.
  • the material for the relief structure is placed in a negative mold.
  • the DD 225 386 A1 shows a device for applying chippings using a mobile container.
  • a metering roller is installed in the container to ensure even application.
  • the DE 37 10 971 A1 shows a manufacturing process for a composite building block comprising a core material and a cover layer.
  • the cover layer is sprinkled on, with the scattering material stored in a scattering device and dispensed from there.
  • the DE 10 2018 116 302 B4 shows a dosing device for producing patterned stones.
  • Two different components are applied from a hopper through an outlet onto a surface.
  • One of the components can be fed through individual openings located at the bottom of an outlet and closable. This is possible in segments, as the individual openings can be closed with a slide.
  • Another component can be inserted along the entire length, with a drive unit accelerating the component's release through a back-and-forth movement.
  • a device in which different materials can be applied to a surface via a funnel element having multiple chambers.
  • the funnel element is moved over the surface, and the different materials are discharged from the chambers.
  • the US 2008/079185 A1 shows a device in which the material to be applied is distributed along the elongated funnel element by a distribution screw.
  • EP 3 546 165 A1 discloses a concrete block manufacturing device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the problem is that in order to form a flat surface layer with a constant layer thickness and uniform material density, the free-flowing or granular material must be conveyed out of the device.
  • this is achieved by manufacturing and providing containers or silos with specially designed opening devices for the respective system, into which the free-flowing material is first transferred from the storage containers and then fed into the device.
  • the length over which the material can ultimately leave the device depends on the length of the opening area or the length of the silo from which the material is fed to the device.
  • the simultaneous production of surface layers on several adjacent concrete blocks would therefore require a very long silo with a very long opening area. Accordingly, the number of surface layers that can be produced simultaneously is limited by the length of the silo's opening area.
  • a silo with a very long opening area is only slightly full, an even distribution of the material across the length of the opening area cannot always be guaranteed.
  • a pattern formed, for example, from stripes of different grain sizes and/or different color elements cannot be created using the known devices and methods.
  • the design of the distribution and further transport of the free-flowing material within the device or in a similar process is crucial for optimizing the production times for surface coatings with the aforementioned properties.
  • a key role is played by the process step from the feeding of the free-flowing material from any storage container to its flat distribution on a concrete block surface.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a concrete block manufacturing device and a method with which a free-flowing material consisting of at least one component, preferably two or more components that can be mixed individually in proportion, can be fed to the device to form an at least partial surface layer on a concrete block, regardless of the design of the feed area, in particular the length, while still ensuring at least a linear distribution of the material.
  • the material can be fed from any container, i.e., containers of any shape and size.
  • a transfer process into a container specifically dimensioned for the system is not necessary.
  • the number of surface layers that can be produced synchronously on adjacently arranged concrete blocks is not limited by the length of the feed area from a storage container.
  • the component from which the material is made can be exchanged quickly and flexibly in order to be able to produce surfaces with patterns from different components one after the other without having to accept long downtimes of the system.
  • the invention relates to a concrete block manufacturing device for distributing free-flowing material, in particular granules, to form an at least partially formed surface layer of such material on a concrete block base body, wherein at least one component of a free-flowing material can be fed to the device, comprising at least one feed element, a portioning device, and at least one opening element.
  • the portioning device has at least one linear portioning section, wherein the free-flowing material can be fed in a controlled manner along the linear portioning section via the at least one feed element, and the free-flowing material from a portioning section can then be conveyed out via a distribution section via the opening element and applied via this opening element to a surface of the concrete block base body to form a linear flow section, such that the areal distribution of the free-flowing material along the flow section corresponds to the volumetric distribution of the free-flowing material in the portioning section.
  • the material can be evenly distributed through the opening element, allowing a planar, two-dimensional distribution of the material to be achieved.
  • the portioning device comprises at least two portioning sections and is rotatable, allowing the portioning sections to be filled one after the other by the at least one feed element.
  • the at least one feed element for filling the portioning section is movable along the portioning section and at the same time is designed to dispense free-flowing material, and in particular has a pneumatic or electromechanical valve.
  • the granules are controllably distributed over a length of the positioning device by relative movement of the feed element to the positioning device and can leave the device, i.e., trickle out, at least one-dimensionally, i.e., linearly.
  • the feed from the silos can be effected, for example, via at least one conveyor belt.
  • the feed element itself can form a type of silo or storage container and store and dispense a certain amount of free-flowing material.
  • Controllable in this case means that both the quantity and the selection of granules can be influenced during distribution along the length of the positioning device, at least in binary sections, and can be switched on or off.
  • the type and quantity of granules are adjustable along the length of the positioning device, so that the resulting flow pattern can be influenced or adjusted.
  • either the concrete product can be stationary and the portioning device can be moved above it, or the portioning device can be stationary and the concrete product can be moved below it.
  • the plane on which the concrete block bases rest can be shifted relative to the device, allowing at least a two-dimensional surface layer to be created.
  • a combination of both movements is also possible.
  • a surface distribution of the material is particularly predefined, which means that the exact position at which the material impacts the surface of the concrete block base body is defined by the portioning device.
  • the material impacts the surface vertically, in particular. This means that the material leaves the portioning device without any horizontal throwing movement or horizontal speed.
  • the material also impacts the surface without any horizontal throwing movement, so that the position of the individual elements of the free-flowing material, in which they are arranged longitudinally along the portioning device relative to one another on the distribution path, remains unchanged when the elements of the free-flowing material impact the surface of the concrete block base body.
  • the concrete block base can be provided with an unconsolidated, i.e., not fully set, facing layer into which the free-flowing material is sprinkled and embedded, or it can have an unconsolidated surface.
  • the free-flowing material it is conceivable for the free-flowing material to be applied to an already set, i.e., solidified base and secured to the already solidified base through an additional fastening step, e.g., using an adhesive material.
  • the free-flowing material can also have self-adhesive properties to solidify on the surface.
  • the core concrete i.e., the concrete block base
  • the device first travels to the last concrete block base, then applies the free-flowing material to the concrete block base during a return travel. This advantageously allows the portioning device to be refilled while the next concrete block bases are being produced, since the portioning device is already back in its starting position after the material has been discharged.
  • An at least partial surface layer means in particular that a certain amount of material which can be controlled in a linear or linear manner is stored in the at least one portioning section and is applied locally to the surface from there.
  • the free-flowing material or granulate is a granular to powdery, easily pourable solid and can be, for example, a mineral granulate, in particular rock or sand granulate, glass granulate, or plastic or wood granulate. It is also conceivable for the free-flowing material to contain or consist of metallic or other granular or powdery substances.
  • the free-flowing material is preferably a color contrasting with the concrete block base material to create a visually pleasing effect.
  • Free-flowing material comprising at least one component from any container can be fed to a device according to the invention at specific points, e.g., via a conveyor belt or downpipe, while still ensuring a controllable linear distribution of the material upon exiting the device.
  • the feed element can be designed in the form of a funnel or a hollow cylinder, or a combination thereof, wherein the opening cross-section of the feed element has a small diameter or a small longest cross-sectional dimension in relation to the length of the distribution device.
  • the at least one feed element can be designed as a type of funnel. If several different components are fed, each component can be stored and dispensed in a separate feed element. In one embodiment, two to six, in particular four, feed elements can be included. Two feed elements can also be filled with the same component. Preferably, each feed element can be opened and closed individually so that the respective component can be dispensed at a desired time. In particular, a time can be determined during which the at least one feed element is moved relative to the portioning device.
  • the device comprises a portioning device for portioning the free-flowing material. This ensures that the material does not impact the concrete block surface in an indefinable amount upon exiting through the opening element, creating a surface layer of uneven thickness.
  • a portioning section which can be designed, for example, as a rectangular, separated area, allows a certain amount of material to be stored in the portioning device.
  • a selected component or a selected distribution of different components can be stored in a precise position before being released onto the surface of the concrete elements. This allows a predetermined and controlled pattern to be created on the surface.
  • the linear portioning sections are designed, in particular, as rectangular, flat chambers, whereby several portioning sections can be arranged next to one another and/or one above the other. The length is many times greater than the width and/or height of each portioning section.
  • the portioning device comprises at least two portioning sections. These are preferably filled one after the other and independently of each other by the same or different feed elements. This allows, for example, a pattern to be the concrete block surface when the two portioning sections are emptied one after the other while at least the portioning device is moved relative to the concrete block surface. Likewise, at least one portioning section can be left unfilled to form a partially formed surface layer.
  • the portioning device must be rotatable so that the portioning sections can be filled one after the other by the at least one feed element.
  • the rotation axis runs, in particular, parallel to the trickle section. This allows the individual portioning sections to be dispensed one after the other by rotating the portioning device.
  • the at least one feed element is movable along the portioning section for filling the portioning section and is simultaneously designed for the controllable dispensing of free-flowing material.
  • the portioning section can be filled while the feed element is moving.
  • two or more components, in particular differently colored components, of the free-flowing material can be fed into the device, with each component or a mixing ratio of different components being stored in a separate feed element.
  • the mixing ratio of the components in each portioning section can be individually controlled.
  • the feed elements can be opened at different times. For example, different components can be deposited along the length of each portioning section, creating a corresponding pattern on the surface of the concrete block base body.
  • the device in particular at least the portioning device with the opening element, can be arranged in at least one direction orthogonal to the longitudinal extension of the opening element above the surface of the concrete block base body be movable so that the free-flowing material can be distributed in a trickling manner onto a surface to form a surface layer, i.e. at least a two-dimensional plane, in particular a surface.
  • a surface layer i.e. at least a two-dimensional plane, in particular a surface.
  • an at least two-dimensional flat surface layer can be formed from a one-dimensional distribution of the material by moving the device or the plane on which the concrete block base bodies are arranged relative to the concrete block surface or relative to the device.
  • the layer thickness of the surface layer can be controlled via the travel speed of the device or the plane with the concrete block base bodies.
  • the drop height at which the material leaves the opening element can be between 50 mm and 100 mm, in particular 70 mm, 80 mm, or 90 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the drop height is 70 mm, with the portioning device moving very close to the surface of the concrete block base. This very low drop height can support the application of a defined structure.
  • the at least one feed element is movable relative to the portioning device.
  • the feed element can be detachably attached to the portioning device via a holding device.
  • the portioning device can be detached from the feed element and the holding device and moved independently over the concrete block base body.
  • the holding device can be mounted in a stationary and immovable manner, for example, on a machine frame.
  • the holding device preferably has the length of the portioning device, so that the feed element can be moved over the entire length of the portioning section and fill it.
  • the holding device can be mounted on the machine frame with vibration dampers.
  • the feed element can signal, in particular a control signal, that the portioning device is completely filled.
  • a control signal can indicate that the material can be applied to the surface of the concrete block base body directly via the portioning device.
  • the feed element can receive a signal when the portioning device is completely empty, so that it can then be refilled by the feed element.
  • the at least one feed element can have a pneumatic or electromechanical valve.
  • the feed element in particular, has a pneumatic or electromechanical valve on its underside so that the dispensing of the component can be controlled.
  • a rotational speed of the portioning device in particular of a cellular wheel contained in the portioning device that receives the free-flowing material, can correspond to a feed speed with which the device can be moved over the surface of the concrete block base body, wherein a direction of the rotational speed is oriented opposite to a direction of the feed speed.
  • This can ensure, in particular, that the free-flowing material leaves the portioning device without a horizontal speed component and without horizontal Velocity component hits the surface of the concrete block base body. For example, if the device moves over the concrete block base body in a feed direction with a known feed speed. The portioning device rotates opposite to the feed speed direction while the device is moving.
  • these speeds are coordinated with one another in such a way that the free-flowing material does not experience a velocity component in the horizontal direction when the material leaves the portioning device.
  • This ensures that the material can be applied to the surface in a defined and placed manner, so that defined and, in particular, regular structures or patterns can be created on the surface by the free-flowing material.
  • images or letters can be created, whereby the device can be used as a type of printer. With the device, defined images can be applied to a surface in a similar way to a printer.
  • the free-flowing material can be discharged from the portioning device without a horizontal velocity component, whereby a predefined structure can be formed on the surface of the concrete block base body.
  • This can be achieved in particular by the feed speed corresponding to the rotational speed, but with this rotational movement and the feed movement being counter-rotating. This results in no residual horizontal velocity being applied to the free-flowing material. Consequently, the two speeds are particularly coordinated with one another and controlled interdependently.
  • the portioning device can comprise a cellular wheel with strip-shaped separating elements.
  • the cellular wheel can rotate around a longitudinal axis, and the free-flowing material can be stored between the separating elements and conveyed out via an opening element on the underside of the portioning device.
  • the feed element controllably fills a linear cell of the cellular wheel along the linear portioning section. Each cell corresponds to a "row" of a printed image to be produced on the concrete block base body.
  • a "row-by-row printed image" is stored in the cellular wheel, which can be scattered onto the surface of the concrete block base body by rotating the cellular wheel.
  • the material is temporarily stored between the individual separating elements in individual circumferential sections of the portioning device, each of which forms a portioning section.
  • the amount of material leaving the device can be determined by the rotation speed of the portioning device and the size of the peripheral side sections, i.e., the portioning sections.
  • the rotation speed is synchronized with the relative movement of the portioning device above the concrete block base body such that each "row" is scattered at a predeterminable location.
  • all separating elements are designed as flat surfaces.
  • the separating elements are advantageously all arranged at the same distance from the adjacent separating element.
  • the portioning device is therefore advantageously divided into equally sized subsections.
  • separating elements can be arranged around the circumference of the portioning device.
  • the individual separating elements of the cell wheel define line areas of an image in which individual lines of free-flowing material can be applied length-selectively by the feed element, like individual print lines of an image.
  • the individual lines are spread vertically and without a horizontal throw component by the rotation of the cell wheel, preferably in the opposite direction at the same speed as the movement of the portioning device during the application of the free-flowing material to the concrete surface. This allows free-flowing material of a pre-determined color and grain size to be spread precisely at pre-determined points on the concrete surface.
  • the feed device writes the individual lines into the cell wheel, which receives the image to be printed line by line, distributed around its circumference.
  • the rotation pressure of the cell wheel is synchronized in the opposite direction with the movement of the portioning device over the concrete surface.
  • the cellular wheel can have at least three, in particular four to eight portioning sections, which can be filled successively by the at least one feed element and/or with different components in a controllable manner.
  • the opening element is only opened when a majority, in particular all, portioning sections are filled.
  • the opening element can be closed for filling, for example, by a type of flap or a Slider. Meanwhile, the free-flowing material is stored within the portioning sections.
  • the opening element can be the same length as the portioning device.
  • the material can be fed over the entire length of the opening element as well as over the entire length of the portioning device.
  • the portioning device can have a hollow profile with a round or square cross-section as a casing, and a linear slot can be formed on the upper side of the hollow profile for filling the at least one portioning section, wherein the slot preferably runs over the entire length of the portioning device.
  • the portioning device can also be designed with a round cross-section and extend almost to the inner surface of the hollow profile.
  • the hollow profile also serves as a separating element, so that the material cannot leave the portioning device in an area outside the opening element.
  • the portioning device can have a hollow profile with a round cross-section as a casing, and the opening element can be formed by a linear slot on the underside of the hollow profile, wherein the slot preferably runs over the entire length of the portioning device to define the trickle path.
  • a portioning device in the form of a roller or a cellular wheel can be very well adapted to the shape of the hollow cylinder.
  • the hollow profile also serves as a separating element so that the material cannot leave the portioning device in an area outside the opening element and can be stored between the separating elements up to the outlet through the opening element.
  • a type of flap or a type of slider can be arranged on this slot to close the opening.
  • the feed element can be coupled to the portioning device in such a way that the feed element is movable during filling and remains stationary during the discharge of the free-flowing material along the pouring path.
  • the portioning device forms the part of the device that is moved relative to the concrete block base bodies during the application of the surface layer.
  • the surface formed from the free-flowing material can be a surface layer for concrete products and/or paving stones with a defined structure of different colors and/or different grain sizes. Such a layer serves to create different surface structures and/or different colors and patterns, which in particular serves to create replicas of different materials and/or discolorations.
  • the surface formed from the free-flowing material can represent a depiction of a defined pattern. In particular, marbling can be formed by a type of striped pattern.
  • images can be created on the surface of the concrete block base body by specifically feeding different components to different parts of a portioning section and/or to different portioning sections, since the components are dispensed in a targeted manner by the portioning device and are not thrown off in an uncontrolled manner.
  • the invention further relates to a concrete block manufacturing method for applying a surface layer of free-flowing material using a device as mentioned above.
  • the movable feed elements eliminate the need to manufacture special feed silos or feed containers with very long or specially designed openings.
  • the process offers the same advantages as described for the device.
  • the cellular wheel can rotate around a longitudinal axis of the cellular wheel, so that the free-flowing material is successively deposited from the portioning sections onto the concrete block base body via the opening element, with the rotational movement oriented counter to the direction of travel of the device.
  • the speeds are preferably coordinated and controlled independently of one another.
  • the rotation speed can correspond to the travel speed, so that the free-flowing material leaves the portioning device without horizontal acceleration and is applied, in particular, to the surface of the concrete block base body in a vertical direction.
  • the free-flowing material leaves the portioning device without a horizontal velocity component, so that it only falls vertically out of the portioning device, in particular due to gravity and without acceleration.
  • the portioning device can be designed as a cellular wheel with separating elements, wherein the free-flowing material is divided into portioning sections between the separating elements, and the free-flowing material is successively poured from the portioning sections onto the concrete block base body via an opening element.
  • a plurality, in particular all, of the portioning sections of the portioning device can be filled before the device, in particular at least the portioning device with the opening element, is moved and applied to the concrete block base body, wherein the opening element is closed during the filling period.
  • the opening element can be closed, for example, via a type of flap or a slide.
  • Fig. 1 shows an isometric representation of a concrete block manufacturing device 10 in an embodiment according to the invention.
  • the device 10 is designed for distributing free-flowing material, wherein a surface layer 34 (not shown) can be formed on a surface 28 of a concrete block base body 44.
  • the concrete block manufacturing device 10 has a feed element 12, a portioning device 18 and at least one opening element 20 (not visible in this illustration).
  • the feed element 12 is displaceably mounted on a holding device 17.
  • the holding device 17 can, for example, be fastened to a machine frame (not shown).
  • the feed element 12 can be moved along the holding device 17 to fill the portioning device 18.
  • the portioning device 18 can then be moved in the direction of the arrow shown relative to the feed element 12 and to the holding device 17.
  • the transport device 55 can have rails that are slidably in contact with the holding device 17. During the movement of the transport device 55 with the portioning device 18, free-flowing material is dispensed, in particular continuously, from the opening element 20. The free-flowing material is dispensed over the entire distribution path L, so that a linear giant path R is formed.
  • Fig. 2 shows a detailed view of the execution Fig. 1 .
  • the feed element 12 is designed as a funnel 22, which has an opening in the lower area, at which a pneumatic valve 16 is arranged.
  • the pneumatic valve 16 can be opened or closed via the pneumatic control 16', so that any desired amount of free-flowing material can be dispensed at any desired time.
  • the feed element 12 is moved along the holding device 17, shown in Fig. 1 , process.
  • a motor 50 can be arranged for this purpose.
  • the portioning device 18 can be seen, which has a rotationally symmetrical cross-section.
  • the free-flowing material can be fed directly via the opening with the pneumatic valve 16, or indirectly via a feed rail 51 of the portioning device 18.
  • the portioning device 18 and the other components can be made, in particular, from aluminum; the hopper 22 can also be made, for example, from a plastic, in particular PET. This allows the entire device to be designed with a low weight.
  • FIG. 3 An isometric representation of a further detailed view of a concrete block manufacturing device 10 according to the invention shows Fig. 3 This view shows the situation in which the feed element 12 is being filled.
  • the feed element 12 consists of two hoppers 22, although a different number of hoppers is also possible.
  • Each of the hoppers 22 can contain a different component A or B of the free-flowing material 40, or a mixing ratio A+B. Both components are in particular formed as granules 42.
  • the hoppers 22 are filled directly, separately from one another, in particular via a respective downpipe 26.
  • Fig. 4 shows a detailed view of the embodiment of a concrete block manufacturing device 10 according to the invention from Fig. 3 This illustration shows a cross-sectional view of the two funnels 22 and the holding device 17. The two openings with the pneumatic valves 16 are visible.
  • Fig. 5 shows a representation of different work steps, carried out with an embodiment of a concrete block manufacturing device 10 according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 (a) A first step in filling the portioning device 18 is shown.
  • at least one component A or B is fed via the feed rail 51 into a first portioning section 14 of the portioning device 18. This is achieved by moving the feed element 12 (not shown in this illustration) along the portioning section 14.
  • the portioning section 14 has, in particular, the same length as the portioning device 18.
  • the portioning device 18 is rotated such that an adjacent portioning section 14 can be filled.
  • a lid located on the feed rail 51 can be open. This lid can be closed after filling is complete, so that no foreign material can enter the portioning device 18.
  • Fig. 5 (c) The subsequent step is shown, in which the material 40 is dispensed.
  • the portioning device 18 is moved with the moving device 55 over the concrete block base body. During the movement, the material 40 trickles out of the portioning device 18. This takes place in particular in a frequency-controlled manner until each portioning section 14 is emptied.
  • the portioning device 18 rotates about its own axis, wherein the direction of rotation is oriented opposite to the feed direction of the device 10. This can in particular ensure that the free-flowing material 40 leaves the portioning device 18 without horizontal velocity component and without horizontal acceleration, and impacts the surface of the concrete block base body solely by gravity. This allows a precisely defined pattern, writing, or image to be formed on the surface by the free-flowing material 40.
  • the filling of the portioning device 18 can take place while the transport device 55 is returning to the position shown in Fig. 5 (a) shown position is moved.
  • Fig. 8 shows a further detailed view of another concrete block manufacturing device 10 according to the invention.
  • the illustration shows a type of silo 54, which can be connected directly to the feed element 12 via at least one downpipe 26.
  • the silo 54 can, for example, have a plurality of different containers, so that different components A or B can be fed to the device 10 through different downpipes 26 or through a common downpipe 26.
  • the silo 54 has four containers, which are connected to two hoppers 22 of the feed element 12 via two downpipes 26. Each hopper 22 of the feed element 12 can thus be filled directly via the downpipe 26. This makes it possible, for example, to achieve a stronger contrast with mixed colors, since there is less uncontrolled mixing of components A or B. This means that a mixed color can be filled into each hopper 22.
  • Fig. 9 shows the embodiment from Fig. 3 in a further work step.
  • the feed element 12 is located in the center of the holding device 17, whereby the feed element 12 is moved in the direction of the arrow along the holding device 17.
  • the material 40 is discharged. This allows a linear trickle path R to be created. This is shown in detail in Fig. 10 shown.
  • Fig. 10 shows various working steps, carried out with an embodiment of a concrete block manufacturing device 10 according to the invention.
  • This shows three exemplary Positions at which the portioning device 18 can be located relative to the feed element 12 and relative to the surface 28 of the concrete block base body.
  • material 40 is continuously dispensed.
  • the portioning device 18 rotates about the rotation axis L2 so that each portioning section 14 can be completely emptied.
  • the drop height between the opening element 20 of the portioning device 18 and the surface 28 of the concrete block base body can be, in particular, 50 mm to 150 mm.
  • the drop height is 80 mm to 100 mm, preferably 90 mm or 80 mm. This allows a thin, reproducible extra layer of special material to be applied.
  • the concrete block manufacturing device 10 applies the material 40 in the direction of production, which can significantly reduce the cycle time.
  • the positioning of the individual elements of the manufacturing device 10 can be achieved using a laser.
  • the holding device 17 can be mounted on the machine frame 32, and the power supply for the holding device 17 can be provided via a plug-in connection.
  • a 48V motor can be used to move the individual components, especially the feed element 12. This low-voltage protection provides good personnel protection. At the same time, high torque can be generated in a small space. In particular, only one cable is required per drive, and plug-in connection is possible.
  • the portioning device 18 can be made of aluminum profiles. These are available by the meter, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.
  • the portioning device 18 is designed, in particular, as a cellular wheel 24 and has, for example, an octagonal profile.
  • the portioning device 18 can have a hollow profile 30 with a round or square cross-section as a casing. This ensures that all portioning sections 14 are filled first before the material is applied.
  • the separating elements 38 of the portioning device 18 can also be made of aluminum. However, they are preferably made of rubber, in particular a rubber profile, which is also available by the meter.
  • the concrete block making device 10 according to the invention can be easily mounted directly on the front carriage, as it is lightweight. There is no height limitation compared to standard products, which allows for extensive This allows for easy use. Since there are no major interventions in the machine controls, there is no additional load. Furthermore, the cycle time can be optimized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10), destiné à répartir du matériau ruisselant (40), notamment du granulat (42), pour former une couche superficielle (34) de ce type de matériau, au moins partiellement constituée, sur un corps de base de bloc de béton (44), sachant qu'au moins une composante (A) d'un matériau ruisselant (40) peut être distribuée au dispositif (10), comprenant au moins un élément d'alimentation (12), un dispositif de portionnement (18) et au moins un élément à ouverture (20), sachant que le dispositif de portionnement (18) présente au moins une section de portionnement linéaire (14) linéaire, sachant que le matériau ruisselant (40) peut être distribué de manière contrôlable par le biais dudit au moins un élément d'alimentation (12) le long de la section de portionnement linéaire (14), et que le matériau ruisselant (40) d'une section de portionnement (14) peut être acheminé ensuite via l'élément à ouverture (20) le long d'une distance de distribution (L) et est applicable via cet élément à ouverture (20) sur une surface (28) du corps de base du bloc de béton (44) pour former une voie de ruissellement linéaire (R) de sorte qu'une répartition en surface, du matériau ruisselant (40) le long de la voie de ruissellement (R) correspond à une répartition en volume, du matériau ruisselant (40) dans la section de portionnement (14), sachant que le dispositif de portionnement (18) comprend au moins deux sections de portionnement (14) et est rotatif de sorte que les sections de portionnement (14) sont remplissables les unes après les autres au moyen dudit au moins un élément d'alimentation (12), caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un élément d'alimentation (12) est déplaçable le long de la section de portionnement (14) pour remplir la section de portionnement (14) et est conçu simultanément pour fournir du matériau ruisselant (40).
  2. Dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que deux composants (A, B) ou plus, notamment des composants (A, B) de différentes couleurs, du matériau ruisselant (40) peuvent être distribués au dispositif (10), sachant que chaque composant (A, B) ou un mélange des composants (A, B) est stocké dans un élément d'alimentation (12) séparé.
  3. Dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (10), notamment au moins le dispositif de portionnement (18) avec l'élément à ouverture (20), est déplaçable, dans au moins une direction, orthogonalement à l'extension longitudinale de l'élément à ouverture (20) au-dessus de la surface du corps de base de bloc de béton (44) de sorte que le matériau ruisselant (40) peut être réparti de manière ruisselante sur une surface (28) pour former une couche superficielle (34), c.-à-d. au moins un plan bidimensionnel, notamment une aire.
  4. Dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un élément d'alimentation (12) présente une vanne pneumatique ou électromécanique (16).
  5. Dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) est configuré pour commander une vitesse de rotation du dispositif de portionnement (18) de sorte que celle-ci corresponde à une vitesse d'avance avec laquelle le dispositif (10) est déplaçable au-dessus de la surface du corps de base de bloc de béton (44), sachant qu'une direction de la vitesse de rotation est opposée à une direction de la vitesse d'avance.
  6. Dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le matériau ruisselant (40) peut ruisseler hors du dispositif de portionnement (18) sans composante de vitesse horizontale, sachant qu'une structure prédéfinie peut être constituée sur la surface du corps de base de bloc de béton (44).
  7. Dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) selon l'une des revendications 1, 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de portionnement (18) comprend une roue cellulaire (24) avec des éléments de séparation (38), sachant que la roue cellulaire (24) peut exercer un mouvement de rotation autour d'un axe longitudinal (L2) et que le matériau ruisselant (40) est stockable entre les éléments de séparation (38) et est acheminable via l'élément à ouverture (20) sur le côté inférieur du dispositif de portionnement (18).
  8. Dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la roue cellulaire (24) présente au moins trois, notamment quatre à huit sections de portionnement (14) qui sont remplissables l'une après l'autre par ledit au moins un élément d'alimentation (12) et/ou avec différents composants (A, B).
  9. Dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément à ouverture (20) présente la même longueur que le dispositif de portionnement (18).
  10. Dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de portionnement (18) présente comme enveloppe un profil creux (30) à section ronde ou carrée, et qu'une fente linéaire est constituée sur le côté supérieur du profil creux (30) pour remplir ladite au moins une section de portionnement (14), sachant que la fente s'étend de préférence sur la longueur complète du dispositif de portionnement (18).
  11. Dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de portionnement (18) présente comme enveloppe un profil creux (30) à section ronde, et que l'élément à ouverture (20) est constitué par une fente de forme linéaire sur la face inférieure du profil creux (30), sachant que la fente s'étend de préférence sur toute la longueur du dispositif de portionnement (18) pour définir la voie de ruissellement (R).
  12. Dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'alimentation (12) est accouplé au dispositif de portionnement (18) de sorte que l'élément d'alimentation (12) est déplaçable pendant le remplissage, et que l'élément d'alimentation (12) est immobilisé pendant la fourniture du matériau ruisselant (40) le long de la voie de ruissellement (R).
  13. Dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) est conçu pour constituer la surface, qui est formée à partir du matériau ruisselant (40), avec une couche superficielle (34) pour des produits en béton et/ou pavés avec une structure définie composée de différentes couleurs et/ou de différentes granulométries.
  14. Dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de fabrication de blocs de béton (10) est conçu pour représenter une reproduction d'un motif défini sur la surface qui est formée à partir du matériau ruisselant (40).
  15. Procédé de fabrication de blocs de béton destiné à appliquer une couche superficielle (34) en matériau ruisselant (40), constituée au moins partiellement, au moyen d'un dispositif (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, sachant que :
    - le matériau ruisselant (40) composé d'au moins un composant (A), notamment d'au moins deux composants (A, B) ou plus, est distribué de manière contrôlée au moins à une section de portionnement linéaire (14) du dispositif de portionnement (18) à partir de l'élément d'alimentation (12), notamment par un déplacement relatif de l'élément d'alimentation (12) le long de la section de portionnement linéaire (14) du dispositif de portionnement (18), sachant que l'élément d'alimentation (12) est déplacé, pour le remplissage du dispositif de portionnement (18), sur toute la longueur de la section de portionnement linéaire (14) de sorte que le matériau ruisselant (40) est réparti au moins unidimensionnellement, c.à-d. linéairement sur la longueur de la section de portionnement (14),
    - le matériau ruisselant (40) sort de l'élément à ouverture (20) le long d'une distance de distribution (L) et est appliqué au moins bidimensionnellement sur une surface (28),
    - le matériau ruisselant (40) est réparti à plat sur la surface (28) du corps de base de bloc de béton (44) par le déplacement du dispositif (10), notamment au moins du dispositif de portionnement (18) avec l'élément à ouverture (16), dans une direction orthogonalement à l'élément à ouverture (20) et relativement à une surface (28), ou par le déplacement d'un plan bidimensionnel sur lequel est placé au moins un corps de base de bloc de béton (44), notamment une pluralité de corps de base de bloc de béton (44), relativement au dispositif (10).
  16. Procédé de fabrication de blocs de béton selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de portionnement (18) est conçu sous forme de roue cellulaire (24) avec éléments de séparation (38), sachant que le matériau ruisselant (40) est réparti en section de portionnement (14) entre les éléments de séparation (38), et que le matériau ruisselant (40) est appliqué sur le corps de base de bloc de béton (44) progressivement à partir des sections de portionnement (14), via un élément à ouverture (20).
  17. Procédé de fabrication de blocs de béton selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que la roue cellulaire exerce un mouvement de rotation autour d'un axe longitudinal de la roue cellulaire de sorte que le matériau ruisselant (40) est appliqué progressivement sur le corps de base de bloc de béton (44) à partir des sections de portionnement (14), via l'élément à ouverture (20), sachant que le mouvement de rotation est orienté dans le sens inverse de la direction de déplacement du dispositif (10).
  18. Procédé de fabrication de blocs de béton selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse de rotation correspond à la vitesse de déplacement de sorte que le matériau ruisselant (40) quitte le dispositif de portionnement (18) sans accélération horizontale, et est appliqué notamment sur la surface (28) du corps de base de bloc de béton (44) en direction verticale.
  19. Procédé de fabrication de blocs de béton selon l'une des revendications 15 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'une pluralité des sections de portionnement (14), notamment toutes les sections de portionnement (14) du dispositif de portionnement (18) sont remplies avant qu'ait lieu une application sur le corps de base de bloc de béton (44), sachant que l'élément à ouverture (20) est fermé pendant la durée du remplissage.
EP22198542.7A 2021-09-30 2022-09-28 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de composants en béton à surface structurée Active EP4159395B1 (fr)

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IT202300009117A1 (it) * 2023-05-08 2024-11-08 System Ceramics S P A Dispositivo per l’erogazione di un prodotto in polvere su di un manufatto ceramico e procedimento per la decorazione di un manufatto ceramico

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DD225386A1 (de) 1984-07-11 1985-07-31 Erfurt Wohnungsbau Vorrichtung zum auftragen von splitt
DD246075A1 (de) 1986-02-17 1987-05-27 Pieck W Wohnbauk Veb Vorrichtung zum beschichten von betonelementen mit splitt und kies
DE3710971A1 (de) 1987-04-01 1988-10-20 Manfred Dipl Ing Loesch Verbund-bauelement sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner herstellung
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