EP4160637B1 - Trennen von hochspannungsschaltkreisen - Google Patents

Trennen von hochspannungsschaltkreisen

Info

Publication number
EP4160637B1
EP4160637B1 EP21382885.8A EP21382885A EP4160637B1 EP 4160637 B1 EP4160637 B1 EP 4160637B1 EP 21382885 A EP21382885 A EP 21382885A EP 4160637 B1 EP4160637 B1 EP 4160637B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
terminal
armature
intermediate terminal
main terminal
main
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21382885.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4160637A1 (de
Inventor
Juan Carlos Perez Quesada
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Original Assignee
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries SAS filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Priority to EP21382885.8A priority Critical patent/EP4160637B1/de
Priority to US17/953,601 priority patent/US12170179B2/en
Priority to CN202211196219.4A priority patent/CN115938854A/zh
Publication of EP4160637A1 publication Critical patent/EP4160637A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4160637B1 publication Critical patent/EP4160637B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C10/00—Adjustable resistors
    • H01C10/30—Adjustable resistors the contact sliding along resistive element
    • H01C10/32—Adjustable resistors the contact sliding along resistive element the contact moving in an arcuate path
    • H01C10/36—Adjustable resistors the contact sliding along resistive element the contact moving in an arcuate path structurally combined with switching arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/42—Impedances connected with contacts

Definitions

  • This presentation relates to a device for connecting and disconnecting an electrical circuit, for example direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) in high voltage (HV).
  • DC direct current
  • AC alternating current
  • HV high voltage
  • This switching device may in certain cases be capable of establishing, carrying and interrupting currents under normal operating conditions, under overload conditions, as well as of allowing, in the closed (or connected) position, for a specified time, the passage of currents under specified abnormal conditions, such as short-circuit conditions.
  • This switching device may, in certain cases, be capable of establishing short-circuit currents without being capable of breaking them.
  • All these systems share a zero crossing of the alternating current to be interrupted, this at a time defined by the frequency of this alternating current (for example zero crossing every 10 ms for a frequency of 50 Hz).
  • This zero crossing of the current is used by switches to prevent electrons from traveling between a moving contact and a fixed contact at the time of interruption, and therefore to allow the current to be extinguished.
  • the documents KR20180063701A1 And WO2006100192A1 describe different modules intended to interrupt the current, combined with power electronic elements requiring auxiliary connection and disconnection elements or electronic control devices to connect and disconnect the different modules.
  • the document EP2450926A1 describes a connection/disconnection device with two main terminals and two intermediate terminals connected in series with impedances.
  • the objective of this presentation is to propose a simple, economical connection and disconnection device, offering a satisfactory level of safety for a user.
  • a simple, economical connection and disconnection device can be based on mechanical connection and disconnection elements, without requiring the intervention of an auxiliary element or control electronics.
  • Such a device should allow a transfer of current between the different elements, and a final extinction of current allowing the separation of the moving contact - or movable armature - of the fixed contact, while avoiding a transfer of current beyond the device itself.
  • the second main terminal comprises a sliding contact. More generally, one or more terminals of the devices described in this disclosure may indeed comprise a sliding contact. This makes it possible, for example, to facilitate the movement of the armature while maintaining electrical contact between the armature and the second main terminal during the movement.
  • the movable armature is movable in translation. This can facilitate the nature of the movement to be carried out in order to obtain the disconnection, or allow the shape of the device to be adapted in order to integrate it into a specific installation.
  • the movable armature is rotatable. This can allow for a particularly compact device, and an ergonomic manual mode of operation, or a simplified automated mode of operation.
  • the first main terminal, first intermediate terminal and second intermediate terminal are arranged on the same arc of a circle. This can facilitate the construction of the device and make it possible to obtain a homogeneous distribution of the different elements of the device, reducing the risk that one of these terminals is more likely than another to be subjected to an electric arc between them and the second main terminal.
  • the device comprises a third intermediate terminal connected to the second main terminal by a third impedance, a third electric arc breaking chamber arranged between the third intermediate terminal and the second main terminal, the movable armature making it possible to connect, in the disconnection direction, on the one hand, and successively, the second main terminal and the third intermediate terminal and, on the other hand, and successively, the first main terminal, the first intermediate terminal, and the second intermediate terminal, the armature being moved beyond the third intermediate terminal in the disconnection direction in the disconnection position.
  • Such a configuration makes it possible to distribute the diffusion of the energy transported by the current to be interrupted both in a branch of the device comprising the first main terminal, the first intermediate terminal and the second intermediate terminal, as in another branch of the device comprising the third intermediate terminal and the second main terminal.
  • the device has a symmetrical structure, the first main terminal and the second main terminal being connected to the same number of respective intermediate terminals, the armature being, in the disconnected position, separated from the first and second main terminals by the same number of electric arc breaking chambers.
  • an electrical distribution mode similar to the alternating current distribution mode may be provided, comprising one or more devices according to this disclosure.
  • the impedance is composed of passive elements comprising a selection of R, L and/or C type components, making it possible to avoid the use of an active charging and/or discharging circuit.
  • a current taking a value of the order of 10kV/400A is cut by a device comprising a total of 5 successive impedances, 5 successive intermediate terminals, and 6 successive breaking chambers including a last breaking chamber, the 5 impedances respectively taking the following values in the disconnection direction: 1; 5; 15; 40 and 150 ohms.
  • the number of impedances, intermediate terminals and breaking chambers can be adapted to the device and the current considered.
  • the device comprises a second intermediate terminal connected to the first intermediate terminal by a second impedance, the first intermediate terminal being connected in series between the first main terminal and the second intermediate terminal, as well as a second electric arc breaking chamber arranged between the first intermediate terminal and the second intermediate terminal.
  • This configuration allows progressive absorption of the energy of the current to be interrupted, in a first place by passing from the first main terminal to the first intermediate terminal, the first impedance and the first breaking chamber absorbing and diffusing a first quantity of energy, a second quantity of energy being absorbed by the second impedance and the second breaking chamber when passing from the first to the second intermediate terminal.
  • the first and second impedances can take different values or characteristics, or have the same value and the same characteristics.
  • the first and second arc breaking chambers can have different characteristics, or have the same characteristics.
  • the movable armature is movable between a connection position and a disconnection position in a direction of disconnection of the high-voltage circuit, the movable armature making it possible to connect, in the disconnection direction, on the one hand the second main terminal and on the other hand, and successively, the first main terminal, the first intermediate terminal, and the second intermediate terminal, the armature being in contact with the first and second main terminals in the connection position, the armature being moved beyond the second intermediate terminal in the disconnection direction in the disconnection position.
  • the connection of two terminals by the movable armature may be direct, the connected terminals being simultaneously in contact with the movable armature, or may be indirect, the connection passing indirectly through another terminal or another component passing from the circuit.
  • a movement of the movable armature beyond a terminal in the disconnection direction implies a movement of the armature in the disconnection direction during in which the armature extends beyond the relevant terminal, breaking contact with that terminal.
  • the armature is considered to be beyond a terminal once it is placed beyond a threshold distance from any point on the terminal.
  • a threshold distance may be at least 5 mm, at least 1 cm, at least 5 cm, or at least 10 cm.
  • connection operation is carried out in a manner inverse to the disconnection operation, starting from the armature in the open position beyond a terminal, and following a sequential connection until reaching the connection position, while limiting or even eliminating power dissipation or energy losses.
  • the mobile armature 150 is mobile in rotation, the first main terminal 110, first intermediate terminal 111 and second intermediate terminal 112 being arranged on the same arc of a circle.
  • the moving armature comes into contact with an extinguishing chamber when passing between two adjacent terminals separated by this extinguishing chamber. This is however not the case, the moving armature does not come into contact with the extinguishing chambers during its trajectory.
  • the movable armature 250 is movable in translation.
  • the second main terminal comprises a sliding contact.
  • the first main terminal, first intermediate terminal and second intermediate terminal are arranged on the same straight line.
  • FIG. 3A and 3B represent third examples of devices 300 and 301 according to this disclosure.
  • Device 300 is based on device 100, and comprises the components described in the context of device 100, as well as an additional electric arc breaking chamber 330.
  • This breaking chamber 330 has the particularity of being a last breaking chamber, that is to say, in this case, a breaking chamber located beyond the second intermediate terminal 112 in the disconnection direction in the disconnection position, the armature being moved beyond this last breaking chamber in the disconnection position.
  • the device 301 is based on the device 200, and comprises the components described in the context of the device 200, as well as an additional electric arc breaking chamber 331.
  • This breaking chamber 331 has the particularity of being a last breaking chamber, that is to say, in this case, a breaking chamber located beyond the second intermediate terminal 212 in the disconnection direction in the disconnection position, the armature being moved beyond this last breaking chamber in disconnection position.
  • a last breaking chamber located beyond the second intermediate terminal 212 in the disconnection direction in the disconnection position
  • the armature being moved beyond this last breaking chamber in disconnection position.
  • a device comprises one or more additional intermediate terminals, one or more additional impedances, and one or more additional arc-fault interrupting chambers.
  • each additional impedance would electrically connect two adjacent terminals of a single branch, and each interrupting chamber would separate or be disposed or interposed between two adjacent terminals, i.e., in an inter-terminal space, of a single branch.
  • two adjacent terminals of a single branch are separated by a plurality of interrupting chambers.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a fourth example of device 400 according to this disclosure.
  • the elements of device 400 are not numbered insofar as they can be directly deduced from those of device 300.
  • the device has an axially symmetrical structure, the movement of the movable armature in a direction parallel to the axis of symmetry, the first main terminal and the second main terminal being connected to the same number of respective intermediate terminals, the armature being, in the disconnected position, separated from the first and second main terminals by the same number of electric arc breaking chambers.
  • This device comprises two additional assemblies of intermediate terminal, impedance and breaking chamber, these two additional assemblies forming the counterpart, in a branch connected to the second main terminal, of the elements of the branch connected to the first main terminal.
  • the movable armature is movable in rotation, the first main terminal, first intermediate terminal, second intermediate terminal and third intermediate terminal being arranged on the same arc of a circle.
  • the third intermediate terminal, third impedance, and third arc chute are, respectively, an additional intermediate terminal, an additional impedance, and an additional arc chute according to this disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a sixth example of device 600 according to this disclosure.
  • the elements of device 600 are not numbered since they can be directly deduced from those of device 200.
  • the movable armature is movable in translation, the first main terminal, first intermediate terminal, second intermediate terminal, third intermediate terminal and fourth intermediate terminal being arranged on the same straight line.
  • the third and fourth intermediate terminals, third and fourth impedances, and third and fourth arc chutes are, respectively, additional intermediate terminals, additional impedances, and additional arc chutes according to this disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a seventh example of device 700 according to this disclosure.
  • the elements of device 700 are not numbered since they can be directly deduced from those of device 100.
  • the device 700 is functionally similar to the device 400, these devices having a symmetrical structure, the first main terminal and the second main terminal being connected to the same number of respective intermediate terminals, the armature being, in the disconnected position, separated from the first and second main terminals by the same number of electric arc breaking chambers.
  • the symmetry is an axial symmetry.
  • the symmetry is a central symmetry. In both cases, the symmetry is obtained by adding additional intermediate terminals, as well as corresponding impedances and breaking chambers.
  • the configuration of the device 700 is particularly compact and ergonomic, the movable armature being movable in rotation, the rotation being centered at the central point of symmetry, all of the terminals being arranged on the same circle centered at the point of symmetry.
  • Such a configuration may in some cases allow stacking of such devices, the centers of symmetry of the devices being on the same axis, the armatures of the devices being linked and rotating on this same axis, allowing currents passing through each of the stacked devices to be cut simultaneously by means of a single rotational movement.
  • a similar stacking structure may be used with other devices according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example arrangement 800 for connecting and disconnecting a high voltage circuit comprising a plurality of devices according to this disclosure connected in series.
  • three devices similar to device 700 are connected in series.
  • a device according to this description may take a cylindrical shape, for example by stacking different devices as illustrated in the Figure 8 , the devices being stacked concentrically.
  • the armature itself may take the form of a cylindrical piston.
  • An example of a method for disconnecting a high-voltage circuit includes continuously moving a movable armature of a device according to this disclosure from the connection position to the disconnection position.
  • Continuous movement may be understood as movement along a trajectory in a plane or in space, this movement following an unbroken curve in order to avoid an abrupt change of direction in the operation of the devices.
  • Examples of continuous movement include, in a plane or in three dimensions, straight lines, polynomial, spiral, exponential, parabolic, logarithmic, sinusoidal, hyperbolic, elliptical, oval or circular curves.
  • the movement is linear, such as for example in the cases of devices 200, 301, 400 or 600.
  • the movement is rotational, such as in the example of devices 100, 300 or 500.
  • the movement may combine rotational movement and translational movement, for example helical movement.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Vorrichtung (100, 200) zum Verbinden und Trennen eines Hochspannungsschaltkreises, umfassend:
    - einen ersten Hauptanschluss (110, 210) und einen zweiten Hauptanschluss (160, 260) zum Verbinden der Vorrichtung mit dem Hochspannungsschaltkreis;
    - einen ersten Zwischenanschluss (111, 211), der über eine erste Impedanz (121, 221) mit dem ersten Hauptanschluss verbunden ist;
    - eine erste Lichtbogenunterbrechungskammer (131, 231), die zwischen dem ersten Zwischenanschluss und dem ersten Hauptanschluss angeordnet ist;
    - einen zweiten Zwischenanschluss (112, 212), der über eine zweite Impedanz (122, 222) mit dem ersten Zwischenanschluss verbunden ist, wobei der erste Zwischenanschluss in Reihe zwischen dem ersten Hauptanschluss und dem zweiten Zwischenanschluss verbunden ist;
    - eine zweite Lichtbogenunterbrechungskammer (132, 232), die zwischen dem ersten Zwischenanschluss und dem zweiten Zwischenanschluss angeordnet ist;
    - wobei die Lichtbogenunterbrechungskammern in einem Raum mit einer Dicke von mindestens 5 cm angeordnet sind, der die jeweiligen Anschlüsse trennt, und
    - eine bewegliche Armatur (150, 250), die zwischen einer Verbindungsposition und einer Trennposition in einer bestimmten Richtung entlang einer Geraden oder einer Kurve in einer bestimmten Richtung verschiebbar ist, wobei die bewegliche Armatures es ermöglicht, in der festgelegten Richtung einerseits den zweiten Hauptanschluss und andererseits nacheinander den ersten Hauptanschluss, den ersten Zwischenanschluss und den zweiten Zwischenanschluss zu verbinden, wobei die Armatur in der Verbindungsstellung mit dem ersten und dem zweiten Hauptanschluss in Kontakt steht und in der Trennstellung in der festgelegten Richtung über den zweiten Zwischenanschluss hinaus bewegt wird, wobei die Armatur während der Bewegung der Armatur einen elektrischen Kontakt zwischen der Armatur und dem zweiten Hauptanschluss aufrechterhält und ein Stromwert während der Bewegung der Armatur von einem Anschluss zum anderen allmählich reduziert wird.
  2. Vorrichtung nach dem vorherigen Anspruch, wobei der zweite Hauptanschluss einen Gleitkontakt umfasst.
  3. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die bewegliche Armatur translatorisch beweglich ist.
  4. Vorrichtung nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei der erste Hauptanschluss, der erste Zwischenanschluss und der zweite Zwischenanschluss auf einer geraden Linie angeordnet sind.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei die bewegliche Armatur rotierend beweglich ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach dem vorherigen Anspruch, wobei der erste Hauptanschluss, der erste Zwischenanschluss und der zweite Zwischenanschluss auf einem gleichen Kreisbogen angeordnet sind.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, umfassend:
    - einen dritten Zwischenanschluss, der mit dem zweiten Hauptanschluss über eine dritte Impedanz verbunden ist;
    - eine dritte Lichtbogenunterbechungskammer, die zwischen dem dritten Zwischenanschluss und dem zweiten Hauptanschluss angeordnet ist;
    - wobei die bewegliche Armatur es ermöglicht, in der festgelegten Richtung einerseits nacheinander den zweiten Hauptanschluss und den dritten Zwischenanschluss und andererseits nacheinander den ersten Hauptanschluss, den ersten Zwischenanschluss und den zweiten Zwischenanschluss zu verbinden, wobei die Armatur in der Trennstellung in der festgelegten Richtung über den dritten Zwischenanschluss hinaus bewegt wird.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einem oder mehreren zusätzlichen Zwischenanschlüssen, einer oder mehreren zusätzlichen Lichtbogenunterbechungskammern oder einer letzten Unterbechungskammer.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit symmetrischem Aufbau, wobei der erste Hauptanschluss und der zweite Hauptanschluss mit jeweils gleicher Anzahl von Zwischenanschlüssen verbunden sind und die Armatur in der Trennstellung von dem ersten und dem zweiten Hauptanschluss durch gleiche Anzahl von Lichtbogenunterbechungskammern getrennt ist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jede Lichtbogenunterbechungskammer mehrere Metalllamellen umfasst, die voneinander durch einen bestimmten Abstand getrennt sind.
  11. Anordnung zum Verbinden und Trennen eines Hochspannungsschaltkreises, die mehrere Vorrichtungen nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche in Reihe geschaltet umfasst.
  12. Verfahren zum Trennen eines Hochspannungsschaltkreises, das das kontinuierliche Bewegen einer Armatur einer Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 aus der Verbindungsposition in die Trennposition umfasst.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Bewegung linear ist.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Bewegung eine Drehbewegung ist.
EP21382885.8A 2021-10-01 2021-10-01 Trennen von hochspannungsschaltkreisen Active EP4160637B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21382885.8A EP4160637B1 (de) 2021-10-01 2021-10-01 Trennen von hochspannungsschaltkreisen
US17/953,601 US12170179B2 (en) 2021-10-01 2022-09-27 High-voltage circuit disconnection
CN202211196219.4A CN115938854A (zh) 2021-10-01 2022-09-29 高压电路断开

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21382885.8A EP4160637B1 (de) 2021-10-01 2021-10-01 Trennen von hochspannungsschaltkreisen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4160637A1 EP4160637A1 (de) 2023-04-05
EP4160637B1 true EP4160637B1 (de) 2025-08-27

Family

ID=78413928

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21382885.8A Active EP4160637B1 (de) 2021-10-01 2021-10-01 Trennen von hochspannungsschaltkreisen

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US12170179B2 (de)
EP (1) EP4160637B1 (de)
CN (1) CN115938854A (de)

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4849590A (en) * 1988-04-01 1989-07-18 Kohler Company Electric switch with counteracting electro-electro-dynamic forces
FR2677485A1 (fr) 1991-06-07 1992-12-11 Stopcircuit Sa Appareil de coupure en charge pour circuit electrique.
CN1040810C (zh) 1993-07-06 1998-11-18 郑江 无弧式高压开关的触头机构
FR2883658B1 (fr) 2005-03-22 2009-04-24 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de commutation d'un circuit electrique a ouverture sequentielle
US7432787B2 (en) * 2005-12-15 2008-10-07 Cooper Technologies Company Motorized loadbreak switch control system and method
FR2967293A1 (fr) * 2010-11-08 2012-05-11 Abb France Dispositif de deconnexion electrique et parafoudre comprenant un tel dispositif
US8773235B2 (en) 2011-11-30 2014-07-08 General Electric Company Electrical switch and circuit breaker
EP2650894B1 (de) * 2012-04-12 2018-06-06 ABB Oy Elektrische Stromschaltungsvorrichtung
US9368295B2 (en) * 2013-02-27 2016-06-14 General Electric Company Electrical transfer switch system
CN105723489B (zh) 2013-08-05 2019-06-04 英诺锂资产公司 具有阻断半导体的换向开关
WO2016091318A1 (en) * 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Abb Technology Ltd A switching device
KR101894970B1 (ko) 2016-12-02 2018-10-18 공주대학교 산학협력단 고전압직류용 복합형 회로차단기
RU2715622C1 (ru) * 2017-01-13 2020-03-03 Абб Швайц Аг Дугогасительная камера с разделительными перегородками, соединенными между собой резисторами
EP3561837B1 (de) * 2018-04-24 2022-12-21 ABB Schweiz AG Elektrischer schalter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN115938854A (zh) 2023-04-07
US12170179B2 (en) 2024-12-17
EP4160637A1 (de) 2023-04-05
US20230105868A1 (en) 2023-04-06

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