EP4314655A1 - Brûleur - Google Patents

Brûleur

Info

Publication number
EP4314655A1
EP4314655A1 EP22716206.2A EP22716206A EP4314655A1 EP 4314655 A1 EP4314655 A1 EP 4314655A1 EP 22716206 A EP22716206 A EP 22716206A EP 4314655 A1 EP4314655 A1 EP 4314655A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
supply line
secondary air
fuel
air
hot gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP22716206.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4314655C0 (fr
EP4314655B1 (fr
Inventor
Roman SCHIESSER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mme Engineering EU
Original Assignee
Mme Engineering EU
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mme Engineering EU filed Critical Mme Engineering EU
Publication of EP4314655A1 publication Critical patent/EP4314655A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4314655C0 publication Critical patent/EP4314655C0/fr
Publication of EP4314655B1 publication Critical patent/EP4314655B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/06—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air into the fire bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/08—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with axial outlets at the burner head
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/08—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with axial outlets at the burner head
    • F23D14/085—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with axial outlets at the burner head with injector axis inclined to the burner head axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/66—Preheating the combustion air or gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J11/00—Devices for conducting smoke or fumes, e.g. flues
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/002—Gaseous fuel
    • F23K5/007—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L11/00—Arrangements of valves or dampers after the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/007—Mixing tubes, air supply regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2204/00—Burners adapted for simultaneous or alternative combustion having more than one fuel supply
    • F23D2204/10—Burners adapted for simultaneous or alternative combustion having more than one fuel supply gaseous and liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2204/00—Burners adapted for simultaneous or alternative combustion having more than one fuel supply
    • F23D2204/20—Burners adapted for simultaneous or alternative combustion having more than one fuel supply gaseous and pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2214/00—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/11403—Flame surrounding tubes in front of burner nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14021—Premixing burners with swirling or vortices creating means for fuel or air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F23J2215/101—Nitrous oxide (N2O)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/40—Carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/20—Non-catalytic reduction devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/15081—Reheating of flue gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2400/00—Pretreatment and supply of gaseous fuel
    • F23K2400/20—Supply line arrangements
    • F23K2400/201—Control devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07005—Injecting pure oxygen or oxygen enriched air

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a combustor that produces a low NOx exhaust gas and a method of combusting fuel with a low NOx content in the exhaust gas.
  • Nitrogen oxides chemically represented as the general formula NOx for various nitrogen oxides, are an environmentally harmful exhaust gas for which there are strict emission limits. Nitrogen oxides NOx are formed at high combustion temperatures from the nitrogen N 2 in the air. These limit values must be observed under all circumstances. The NOx limit values can be achieved either on the burner side by controlling the combustion of the fuel and the air supply or on the exhaust side by subsequent removal of NOx produced during combustion.
  • DE102004059888A1 describes a burner for pulverized, liquid and gaseous fuels with a tubular primary air and dust feed, which forms a primary air and dust nozzle at its front end, and a ring-shaped secondary air feed surrounding it with a ring-shaped secondary air nozzle, through which part of the combustion air can be introduced in a twisted manner , a ring of tertiary air nozzles arranged outside the secondary air supply and a conical burner block, with the conical burner block directly adjoining the secondary air nozzle and being designed as a semi-combustor, and the tertiary air nozzle ring being arranged outside the conical, funnel-shaped opening of the burner block and comprising several individual nozzles.
  • DE112011103913T5 describes a fuel dust fired
  • a boiler system in which a first nozzle for shooting out fuel dust to a furnace wall of a furnace and a second nozzle for shooting out air for high-temperature combustion as air for combustion are arranged alternately in the horizontal direction.
  • DE3623103A1 describes a continuous-flow or storage water heater with a combustion chamber heated by an atmospheric gas burner, via which heat exchange with the water takes place and which is connected to a supply air supply and exhaust gas discharge line with the interposition of a fan, the exhaust gas discharge line being connected directly to the supply air line via a branch line .
  • DE3832016A1 describes a method for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels, a mixture consisting of fuel and primary air as well as secondary air being fed to this combustion, with the primary air being mixed with a proportion of the exhaust gases produced during the combustion and the secondary air being mixed with a proportion of the fuel.
  • DE4133176A1 describes a burner for liquid and/or gaseous fuels, which in a burner housing has a primary air pipe with a fuel supply having a fuel outlet head and a secondary air pipe coaxial with the primary air pipe with a secondary air outlet at its free end, the secondary air pipe having the secondary air outlet through a burner axis limited in diameter tapered secondary air duct reduction ring.
  • DE4435640A1 describes a method for burning pulverized fuel, in particular coal, using a burner with a primary air tube carrying a mixture of air and fuel (primary air) and a jacket air tube carrying jacket air and surrounding the primary air tube, both containing the primary air and swirled jacket air exit into a burner muffle, forming a primary combustion zone with an internal recirculation area, in which, when the primary air exits, the pulverized coal concentration in the edge area of the primary air pipe is broken up, generating vortices, and in which the swirled stage air is fed to the primary flame, with the pulverized coal concentration in the Edge region, the flow rate of the primary air is changed and the staged air is introduced into a ring of individual jets surrounding the primary combustion zone in such a way that the overall staged air is imparted with a twist.
  • primary air primary air
  • jacket air tube carrying jacket air and surrounding the primary air tube
  • EP2498002B1 describes an industrial burner of a thermoprocessing system for the direct or indirect heating of a furnace chamber, which has a combustion chamber with at least one opening opening into a heating chamber, through which a material flow from the combustion chamber enters the heating chamber, and at least one heat exchange device, which flows from the heating chamber into the Heat exchange device promoted exhaust gas cools by heat exchange with combustion air, wherein the at least one heat exchange device extends in the axial direction at least partially along the combustion chamber, wherein thermal insulation is arranged between the combustion chamber and the at least one heat exchange device.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a burner which produces a low NOx content in the exhaust gas.
  • a burner comprising a hot gas side region and an outer region, a primary air supply duct, a secondary air supply duct, a fuel supply duct, the secondary air supply duct comprising three concentrically arranged cylindrical tubes (an innermost tube, a middle tube and an outermost tube), where: the supply line for secondary air protrudes into the hot gas side area; the innermost tube is open to the outside and is open to the hot gas side; the middle tube is arranged concentrically around the innermost tube and has a dome-shaped closure which encloses the innermost tube on the hot gas side in a dome shape and is closed to the outside; the middle tube has overflow channels which are arranged in the outer area, have bores and are open in the direction of the outermost tube; the outermost tube is closed to the outside and is open to the hot gas side and has adjustable swirl vanes at the opening on the hot gas side, which have an angle of attack of 15° to 80°; the fuel supply line is arranged concentrically around the secondary air supply
  • This burner design achieves effective combustion of the fuel with a low NOx content in the exhaust gas.
  • the secondary air is preheated in the dome-shaped shutter located on the hot gas side and enters the combustion chamber preheated.
  • the baffles in the outermost tube of the secondary air supply line cause the secondary air to be distributed evenly around the circumference of the outermost tube, so that an even flow of secondary air enters the combustion chamber (i.e. the hot gas side) over the entire circumference of the opening.
  • a vortex flow is forced by the swirl plates, which stabilizes the flame.
  • the "supply line for primary air” can also be called “primary air supply line”
  • the "supply line for secondary air” can also be called “secondary air supply line”
  • the "supply line for fuel” can also be called “fuel supply line”.
  • the outermost tube of the secondary air supply line and/or the dome-shaped closure of the middle tube of the secondary air supply line can be heat-resistant coated or formed of heat-resistant material, eg ceramic.
  • the design of the nozzle in the fuel supply line causes the fuel to be evenly distributed over the entire circumference of the fuel supply line.
  • the nozzle construction consists of an annular orifice with holes through which the fuel is fed into the combustion chamber and injector suction nozzles for sucking in exhaust gas from the surrounding area, which are built into this annular orifice.
  • the injector intake nozzles are placed along the flow channels for the fuel.
  • the injectors have tubular, elongated intake nozzles on the intake side.
  • the length of the injector suction nozzles on the intake side is longer than the thickness of the primary air supply line, ie the injector suction nozzles can suck exhaust gas from the vicinity of the burner directly into the gaseous fuel flow.
  • the intake ports of the injector priming nozzles face inward and are in fluid communication with the volume of exhaust gas surrounding the secondary air nozzle.
  • the embodiment of the exhaust gas intake from the inside or from the outside depends on the structural conditions of the thermal process plant to be fired, with the embodiment with the intake from the outside offering the advantage that the exhaust gas sucked in is cooled in the intake pipes of the injectors by the outflowing primary air. The sucked in and cooled exhaust gas flow is introduced into the fuel flow.
  • the first dead volume is used for thermal insulation and can be filled with a suitable material for thermal insulation between the secondary air and fuel areas.
  • the conical taper in the primary air supply line serves to accelerate the primary air flow.
  • the adjustable ring diaphragm and the swirl plates which can be adjusted in the angle of attack, serve to Even distribution of the primary air over the entire circumference of the supply line or to create a vortex structure in the outflowing fluid.
  • a burner can cover an output range from 10 kWh to 100,000 kWh, which corresponds to an hourly natural gas consumption of 1 m 3 to 10,000 m 3 .
  • the burner can be operated with any gaseous fuel, such as natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc., as well as with pulverized solid fuels, such as pulverized coal, or gasified liquid fuels, such as hydrazine.
  • ADi Supply line for secondary air
  • ADm Outer diameter of middle secondary air supply pipe
  • ADa Outer diameter of outermost secondary air supply pipe
  • the second dead volume can be approximately 1/5 of the length of the secondary air supply line. This is used for thermal insulation between the secondary air area and the fuel supply line.
  • the ratio of (internal diameter of the fuel supply line) (hereinafter:
  • IDZ (outer diameter of the feed line for fuel) hereinafter: ADZ) about 0.7-1.3: 0.98-1.82, preferably about 1: 1.4. This represents an excellent geometry that delivers an improved combustion result.
  • the ratio of (internal diameter of the primary air supply line) (hereinafter:
  • IDP (outer diameter of the primary air supply line) (hereinafter: ADP) about 0.7-1.3 : 0.91-1.69, preferably about 1 : 1.3. This represents an excellent geometry that delivers an improved combustion result.
  • the first dead volume can have vacuum or thermal insulation. This ensures that the fuel does not heat up before it enters the hot gas side.
  • the outermost pipe of the supply line for secondary air can have overflow ducts that open into the first dead volume, and the first dead volume has partitions that reduce the first dead volume, and the ring baffle can be adjustable and have passages on the inside. This creates a tertiary air flow that flows into the hot gas side area via an adjustable ring orifice on the inside of the fuel nozzle. This achieves more efficient and stable combustion.
  • the radially aligned injector intake nozzle can have at least one guide plate that is aligned in the same way as the swirl plate in the primary air supply line. This gives the primary air an additional twist. This additionally supports the formation of a vortex flow of the primary air.
  • the outermost tube of the supply line for secondary air can have a nozzle ring with outflow openings aligned radially or radially and axially at the outlet into the hot-gas side region.
  • pipe sections can be arranged in the dome-shaped closure of the middle pipe of the secondary air supply line, which protrude through the dome-shaped closure at one end and protrude through a baffle at the opposite end.
  • the returning secondary air uses the injector effect to “take along” exhaust gas from the combustion chamber and mix it with the secondary air. This gas mixture is burned with the fuel at the outflow openings of the secondary air supply line .
  • the cross section of the annular orifice carrying natural gas has an outwardly directed cone, over which the primary air flows.
  • an inward flow of the primary air is forced.
  • a cylindrical annular baffle can be placed on the cone for better alignment of the primary air flow.
  • holes can be arranged on the annular diaphragm on the inside, which are in fluid communication with the holes in the annular diaphragm. As a result, exhaust gas is sucked into the fuel flow from the inside via the injector intake nozzle.
  • an additive supply duct may be centrally located along the burner axis and protrude through the dome-shaped closure of the center tube of the secondary air supply duct, which duct has a nozzle on the hot gas side portion.
  • the feed line can also be arranged radially around the burner.
  • Combustible or non-combustible additives such as waste oils and fuel oils, fatty solutions of animal or vegetable origin, organic waste materials and solvents, waste acids and alkalis, waste water, sulphurous liquids, chlorinated and halogenated gases and liquids can also be burned via this additional injection system through this supply line.
  • the substances mentioned are supplied to the combustion chamber by means of the additional feed line, which is arranged centrally along the burner axis or radially around the burner.
  • the additives are sprayed into the flame of the burner in finely atomized form via a nozzle. Through this supply line, exhaust gas can also be drawn off to the outside in counterflow to the secondary air, as a result of which the secondary air flow is preheated.
  • the outflow openings of the pipe sections on the side of the baffle plates can be narrowed by a cone (valve) that can be adjusted in the longitudinal direction.
  • a cone valve
  • the total exhaust gas mass flow can be regulated in the secondary air flow.
  • an outer annular gap can be formed by two tubes that surround the burner on the outside, the inner of the two tubes having an opening and the outer of the two tubes having an outlet. Exhaust gas can be drawn off to the outside via the outer annular gap in counterflow to the primary air via the outlet, which is arranged on the outside of the two tubes, whereby the primary air flow is preheated.
  • a closed combustion chamber is created through the inside of the two tubes, in which the staged combustion takes place and the hot gases can flow out via the opening arranged on the inside of the two tubes.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for burning fuel in a burner as defined above, secondary air being introduced into the supply line for secondary air in a burner as defined above, the secondary air being twisted by the swirl plates; Fuel is introduced into the fuel supply line, with the fuel being injected through the holes in the ring diaphragm at an outwardly directed angle of attack into the swirled primary air; Primary air is introduced into the supply line for primary air, the primary air being twisted by the swirl plates. This achieves efficient combustion with a low NOx content in the exhaust gas.
  • the proportion of secondary air can be 20-50% by volume and the proportion of primary air 50-80% by volume of the total air required for combustion. This split ratio gives excellent exhaust performance.
  • the total air ratio for the sum of primary and secondary air ⁇ can be about 1.0 to 2.0, preferably about 1.0 to 1.5, in particular about 1.0 to 1.1. A stoichiometric excess of air or oxygen can thus be used.
  • the oxygen concentration in the secondary air and primary air can be from 21% by volume to 100% by volume. Accordingly, the nitrogen content has lower concentrations with increasing oxygen concentrations. through higher
  • Oxygen concentrations combustion processes can be carried out much more efficiently, since the combustion temperature and the heat transfer based on the gas radiation increase significantly with increasing oxygen concentrations in the oxidizer flow. Thus, with this burner, an increase in energy efficiency can be achieved with low NOx emissions at the same time.
  • the primary air and secondary air can be an air/exhaust gas mixture, an air/oxygen mixture or an exhaust gas/oxygen mixture.
  • a method of external exhaust gas circulation with oxygen enrichment can thus be implemented with the present burner.
  • a partial flow of exhaust gas is branched off from the main flow, enriched with oxygen and fed to the burner at the inlets for primary and secondary air as an air substitute.
  • the enthalpy of the recirculated exhaust gas oxygen mass flow can then be used directly to save energy. On the basis of this concept, not only NOx but also CO 2 emissions can be drastically reduced.
  • the fuel may comprise nitrogen.
  • Nitrogenous fuels such as hydrazine can be used.
  • Hydrocarbons used as fuels can also contain small amounts of nitrogen. With this burner, these fuels loaded with nitrogen can be burned without causing significant NOx emissions.
  • the fuel may include gaseous hydrocarbons, hydrogen, biogases, pulverized coal-air mixtures, hydrogen sulfides, carbon monoxide gas, carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixtures, coke oven gases, tail gases.
  • exhaust gas can be sucked directly into the fuel flow by the injector effect. This achieves more efficient NOx reduction.
  • the outwardly directed injector intake nozzles can be cooled by the outflowing primary air. This minimizes the thermal load on the injector intake nozzles.
  • the aspirated exhaust gas flow inside the injector intake nozzles under the
  • Condensation temperature (dew point) for the exhaust gas humidity are cooled, with water condensing out in the exhaust gas flow and the liquid water is introduced into the fuel flow. This also results in a lower combustion temperature, which suppresses thermal NOx formation.
  • exhaust gas can be sucked into the secondary air flow and subsequently an air-exhaust gas mixture can be brought to the nozzle opening of the secondary air for combustion with the injected fuel.
  • the introduced exhaust gas reduces the combustion temperature and thus the NOx emissions.
  • the quantities of the material flows can be automatically controlled for low NOx and CO emissions on the basis of a rigidly functioning programmed logic or a neural network individually trained for the respective process conditions. This makes it easy to comply with the legal limit values.
  • the following reference symbols are used in the examples and figures:
  • Figure 1 shows a cross section of a burner of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a nozzle construction of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows a burner of the invention with an axial outflow of the secondary air into the hot gas area.
  • FIG. 4 shows a three-dimensional view of a burner of the invention.
  • FIG 5 shows an embodiment of the invention with overflow openings and partitions.
  • FIG. 6 shows a nozzle construction of an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of the invention with integrated baffles on the injector suction nozzles.
  • 8 shows yet another embodiment of the invention with a supply line for additives.
  • FIG 9 shows yet another embodiment of the invention with injector intake pipes for mixing exhaust gas from the combustion chamber into the secondary air flow.
  • FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the invention with an adjustable ring diaphragm in the primary air supply line.
  • Fig. 11 shows a serrated nozzle gap that discharges the secondary air both axially and radially in relation to the longitudinal axis.
  • a burner according to the invention comprises a hot gas side area 21 and an outer area 22, a primary air supply line 3, a secondary air supply line 1, a fuel supply line 2, the secondary air supply line 1 comprising three concentrically arranged cylindrical tubes an innermost tube 1a, a middle tube 1b and an outermost tube 1c, wherein: the secondary air supply duct 1 protrudes into the hot gas side portion 21; the innermost tube 1a is open to the outside area 22 and is open to the hot gas side 21; the middle tube 1b is arranged concentrically around the innermost tube la and has a dome-shaped closure ld, which encloses the innermost tube la on the hot gas side 21 in a dome shape and is closed to the outer area 22; the middle tube lb has overflow channels le, which are arranged in the outer area 22, have bores and are open in the direction of the outermost tube 1c; the outermost tube 1c is closed to the outside area 22 and is open to the hot gas side 21 and has adjustable swirl plates lf at the opening on the hot gas
  • the length of the supply line for secondary air 1a, 1b, 1c can be adjusted. Approximately 1/3 of the supply line for secondary air 1 protrudes into the side area 21 of the hot gas.
  • the ratio of the outer diameter of the innermost pipe 1a of the secondary air feed line: the outer diameter of the middle pipe 1b of the secondary air feed line: the outer diameter of the outermost pipe 1c of the secondary air feed line is approximately 1:1.8:2.6.
  • the second dead volume 9 is about 1/5 of the length of the secondary air supply line 1.
  • the first dead volume 4 has a vacuum or thermal insulation.
  • the burner as described in Example 1 is modified as follows: the outermost tube of the secondary air supply line 1c has overflow channels lg which open into the first dead volume 4, and the first dead volume 4 has partitions 4a which reduce first dead volume 4, and the ring diaphragm 5a is adjustable and has passages 5d on the inside.
  • the burner as described in Example 1 or Example 2 has the following modification: the radially aligned injector suction nozzle 5c has at least one guide plate 5e, which is aligned in the same way as the swirl plate 11 in the primary air supply line 3.
  • the outermost tube of the secondary air supply line 1c has a nozzle ring 1h with radially or radially and axially directed outflow openings at the outlet into the hot gas side area 21.
  • the burner as given in one of the above examples has the following modification: in the dome-shaped closure ld of the middle pipe of the secondary air supply line 1b there are pipe sections 1i which protrude at one end through the dome-shaped closure 1d and at the opposite end through a baffle 1j protrude.
  • the burner as given in one of the above examples has the following modification: an additive supply pipe 2a is arranged centrally along the burner axis and protrudes through the dome-shaped closure of the central tube of the supply pipe Secondary air ld, which supply line 2a on the hot gas side area 21 has a nozzle 2b.
  • secondary air is introduced into the supply line for secondary air 1, the secondary air being twisted by the swirl plates 1f;
  • Fuel is introduced into the fuel supply line 2, the fuel being injected through the holes in the ring diaphragm 5a at an outwardly directed angle of attack into the swirled primary air;
  • Primary air is introduced into the primary air supply line 3 , the primary air being twisted by the swirl plates 11 .
  • the proportion of secondary air is 40% by volume and the proportion of primary air is 60% by volume of the total air required for combustion.
  • the total air ratio for the sum of primary and secondary air ⁇ is about 1.1.
  • the primary air and secondary air is an air-exhaust mixture.
  • the fuel is natural gas.
  • Exhaust gas is drawn directly into the fuel stream by injector action.
  • the outwardly directed injector intake nozzles 5c are cooled by the outflowing primary air.
  • the quantities of the material flows are controlled on the basis of a rigidly functioning programmed logic for low NOx and CO emissions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un brûleur comprenant une zone côté gaz chaud (21) et une zone extérieure (22), une conduite d'alimentation en air primaire (3), une conduite d'alimentation en air secondaire (1), une conduite d'alimentation en combustible (2). Selon l'invention, la conduite d'alimentation en air secondaire (1) comprend trois tubes cylindriques disposés de manière concentrique, la conduite d'alimentation en combustible (2) étant disposée de manière concentrique autour de la conduite d'alimentation en air secondaire (1) ; un premier volume mort (4) se trouve à l'intérieur du brûleur entre la conduite d'alimentation en air secondaire (1) et la conduite d'alimentation en combustible (2), et la conduite d'alimentation en combustible (2) comporte du côté gaz chaud (21) une structure à buses (5) ; un second volume mort (9) est situé entre la conduite d'alimentation en air secondaire (1) et la conduite d'alimentation en combustible (2) du côté de la zone extérieure (22) ; la conduite d'alimentation en air primaire (3) est disposée de manière concentrique autour de la conduite d'alimentation en combustible (2).
EP22716206.2A 2021-03-23 2022-03-17 Brûleur Active EP4314655B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA61/2021A AT524888A1 (de) 2021-03-23 2021-03-23 Ultra-Low-NOx-Brenner
PCT/EP2022/057025 WO2022200174A1 (fr) 2021-03-23 2022-03-17 Brûleur

Publications (3)

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EP4314655A1 true EP4314655A1 (fr) 2024-02-07
EP4314655C0 EP4314655C0 (fr) 2025-04-23
EP4314655B1 EP4314655B1 (fr) 2025-04-23

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US (1) US20240175576A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4314655B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT524888A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022200174A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116576483B (zh) * 2023-05-16 2025-12-02 北京航空航天大学 一种用于氢燃料亚燃冲压发动机的支板火焰稳定装置
CN120043117B (zh) * 2025-03-06 2025-12-05 北京科技大学 一种小型低氮燃烧器及燃烧方法

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FR1518756A (fr) * 1967-01-18 1968-03-29 Pillard Chauffage Brûleur à gaz à flamme rayonnante
JPS6086312A (ja) * 1983-10-19 1985-05-15 Daido Steel Co Ltd 微粉炭バ−ナ−
DE3623103A1 (de) 1985-07-11 1987-03-26 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Durchlauf- oder speicherwasserheizer
US4659305A (en) * 1985-12-30 1987-04-21 Aqua-Chem, Inc. Flue gas recirculation system for fire tube boilers and burner therefor
AT391195B (de) 1987-09-21 1990-08-27 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zur verbrennung fluessiger oder gasfoermiger brennstoffe und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE4133176A1 (de) 1991-10-07 1993-04-08 Wulff Maschf Appbau Gmbh Brenner fuer fluessige und/oder gasfoermige brennstoffe
DE4435640C2 (de) * 1994-10-06 2001-01-04 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Brenner zur Verbrennung von staubförmigem Brennstoff
US5709541A (en) * 1995-06-26 1998-01-20 Selas Corporation Of America Method and apparatus for reducing NOx emissions in a gas burner
US5807094A (en) * 1997-08-08 1998-09-15 Mcdermott Technology, Inc. Air premixed natural gas burner
US6652268B1 (en) * 2003-01-31 2003-11-25 Astec, Inc. Burner assembly
DE102004010063A1 (de) * 2004-03-02 2005-09-22 Khd Humboldt Wedag Ag Drehofenbrenner
DE102004059888A1 (de) 2004-12-10 2006-06-22 Dr. Wiedmann Kg Brenner
DE102006060867B4 (de) * 2006-12-22 2020-07-02 Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh Drehofenbrenner
JP5707897B2 (ja) 2010-11-25 2015-04-30 株式会社Ihi 微粉燃料焚きボイラ装置
EP2498002B1 (fr) 2011-03-08 2016-05-11 Elster GmbH Brûleur industriel à haute efficacité
US8920159B2 (en) * 2011-11-23 2014-12-30 Honeywell International Inc. Burner with oxygen and fuel mixing apparatus
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US20140182491A1 (en) * 2012-12-31 2014-07-03 Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme pour Etude et Exploitation des Procedes Gorges Claude Biomass combustion
ES2809462T5 (es) * 2016-03-11 2024-01-15 Air Prod & Chem Aparato quemador y método de combustión

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EP4314655C0 (fr) 2025-04-23
WO2022200174A1 (fr) 2022-09-29
AT524888A1 (de) 2022-10-15
EP4314655B1 (fr) 2025-04-23
US20240175576A1 (en) 2024-05-30

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