EP4326485A1 - Porte-pièce, dispositif de support et procédé d'usinage - Google Patents

Porte-pièce, dispositif de support et procédé d'usinage

Info

Publication number
EP4326485A1
EP4326485A1 EP22722474.8A EP22722474A EP4326485A1 EP 4326485 A1 EP4326485 A1 EP 4326485A1 EP 22722474 A EP22722474 A EP 22722474A EP 4326485 A1 EP4326485 A1 EP 4326485A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
workpiece holder
blank
base body
machining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22722474.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Samuel VUADENS
Dylan MARET
Blaise METTAN
Mathieu CHESEAUX
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chiron Group SE
Original Assignee
Chiron Group SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chiron Group SE filed Critical Chiron Group SE
Publication of EP4326485A1 publication Critical patent/EP4326485A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/0002—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for mechanical working other than with a lathe
    • G04D3/0053—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for mechanical working other than with a lathe for framework components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/72—Auxiliary arrangements; Interconnections between auxiliary tables and movable machine elements
    • B23Q1/76—Steadies; Rests
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/08—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated
    • B23Q3/082—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated hydraulically actuated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
    • B23Q7/005—Lifting devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q2240/00—Machine tools specially suited for a specific kind of workpiece
    • B23Q2240/002—Flat workpieces

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally deals with precision engineering using machine tools.
  • the present disclosure relates to a workpiece holder for receiving and fixing flat blanks, in particular for the production of blank-like workpieces by means of multi-side machining.
  • the disclosure also relates to a support unit for processing, in particular for multi-side processing, of workpieces based on blanks made of flat material, with such a workpiece holder and with a support unit.
  • the present disclosure relates to a correspondingly equipped machine tool and a corresponding method for machining flat, blank-like workpieces.
  • a device for fixing a flat blank is known from EP 2 752 717 A1, the device providing a base on which the blank rests, a jaw movable relative to the base being provided in order to clamp or release the blank wherein both the base and the jaw are ring-shaped with a central opening, and the blank is accessible to machining tools through the opening at its front and rear.
  • DE 102009015 919 A1 discloses a holding and fixing device for producing at least one workpiece, for example a circuit board for a watch, from a flat blank with a small wall thickness.
  • the device has a lower part which has a first planar bearing surface for the blank and a first outer side pointing away from the first bearing surface.
  • the device comprises an upper part that can be placed on the lower part and fixed to it, which upper part has a second planar bearing surface for the blank and a second outer side pointing away from the second bearing surface.
  • the upper and lower parts sandwich the blank between the first and second support surfaces.
  • a working opening is provided in the upper part and/or in the lower part, which extends from its outside to its bearing surface. The working opening releases a flat area of a received blank for processing, the area in its flat dimensions at least corresponding to those of the workpiece to be manufactured.
  • EP 2 899 599 A2 Another device for holding blanks is known from EP 2 899 599 A2, for example for the production of watch plates.
  • the present disclosure relates to the production and processing of fine mechanical components, for example the production of watch plates and similar components of watches.
  • the manufacture and processing of other fine mechanical workpieces is also conceivable.
  • Such workpieces are usually made of flat semi-finished products, such as flat blanks previously separated from rods will.
  • the flat blanks are clamped and machined using a metal-cutting process. In this way, for example, a frame-like remnant is produced, in the center of which the actual workpiece is created.
  • the processing can be done on a single flat side. However, it is regularly necessary to machine the blank both on its first flat side and on a second, opposite flat side. Use cases are conceivable in which processing is also carried out on a third side, for example a narrow side.
  • an edge area (periphery) often remains as a remnant.
  • the blank is supported at least in sections and clamped at least in sections.
  • the workpiece that is created in the center of the blank is separated from the surrounding remainder towards the end of processing.
  • the handling of the blanks and the resulting workpieces is associated with various challenges. This also applies, for example, when the process includes a complete separation of the workpiece from the surrounding edge (offcut) of the blank.
  • the present disclosure is based on the object of specifying a workpiece holder and a support unit that support the production and machining of flat workpieces, for example watch plates and similar precision-mechanical workpieces, and contribute to increasing productivity and accuracy. wear.
  • the workpiece holder should enable fast and high-precision machining.
  • the workpiece holder should allow machining on both sides or even on more than one side.
  • the support unit should allow complete production, including separation from the surrounding remainder of the blank.
  • the workpiece holder and the support unit should be suitable for thin workpieces.
  • a correspondingly equipped machine tool and a relevant method for machining flat, blank-like workpieces are to be specified.
  • the support unit and the workpiece holder should be able to be combined with one another.
  • the present disclosure relates to a workpiece holder, in particular a workpiece pallet, for receiving and fixing flat blanks, in particular for the production of circular workpieces by means of multi-side machining, with a base body with a recess and with at least one clamping jaw on the base body is fixed and movable relative to the base body, wherein the at least one clamping jaw is biased in a clamping state by at least one biasing element in the direction of the base body in order to clamp a blank between the base body and the at least one clamping jaw, wherein a clamped blank is at least on its first Flat side, which faces the at least one clamping jaw, is accessible, and on its opposite, second flat side is accessible through the recess, wherein at least one fluidic actuator is provided between the at least one clamping jaw and the base body, which is provided with a Fluid is acted upon to urge the base body and the at least one jaw apart in a release state to release the clamped blank, wherein the workpiece holder has two opposing
  • such blanks are also referred to as "barquettes". This is not to be understood as limiting.
  • it is blanks made of flat material.
  • this does not rule out the flat (thin) blanks being sawn off, for example, from rod-like semi-finished products.
  • These are usually metallic blanks. This includes blanks made of brass, steel, aluminum, titanium, but also made of other materials. Ceramic materials are also sometimes used.
  • the blanks are regularly larger than the workpieces to be produced.
  • the workpieces are usually produced in the blanks by machining and are separated from the surrounding periphery of the blank during machining or in a subsequent process. What remains is a remnant (e.g. in the form of a frame or border).
  • the first flat side can also be referred to as the top (front side).
  • the second flat side can also be referred to as the underside (rear side). This is primarily for purposes of illustration and is not intended to be limiting. It goes without saying that after machining, the workpiece may be separated from the blank.
  • the first side of the blank faces the jaw.
  • the second side of the blank faces the base body.
  • the recess in the base body is adapted to the dimensions of the (planned) workpiece in order to make it accessible for machining tools.
  • the recess in the base body is slightly larger than the dimensions of the (planned) workpiece.
  • the workpiece holder is also used in one embodiment for aligning and securing the position of the blank, for example by means of suitable positive-locking elements.
  • the workpiece holder is particularly suitable for machining, CNC-based milling and fine machining. This includes, for example, milling and drilling. It is understood that the machining and manufacturing may involve other processes.
  • the workpieces are circular blanks for watches and similar fine mechanical products.
  • Examples are watch plates, base plates, gears, dials, bridges, cocks, covers and housing parts for watches and comparable flat parts.
  • the present disclosure relates to a support unit which is designed to reach under and support a workpiece in a neutral position of the workpiece holder, the support unit having a movable support plate which can be moved between a rest position and a support position , and wherein the support plate is configured to supportively engage the workpiece in the support position.
  • the support unit can be combined with the workpiece holder.
  • the support plate can be moved vertically. In an exemplary embodiment, the support plate can be moved horizontally. It goes without saying that oblique directions of movement are also conceivable, for example ranges between 0 (vertical) and 90 (horizontal). It goes without saying that, depending on the specific drive, other directions of travel are also conceivable, for example curved directions of travel. In particular, when the workpiece holder is mounted on a swivel axis (e.g. B-axis or C-axis) or possibly even on two swivel axes coupled to one another (e.g. B-axis and C-axis), the desired flat side can be oriented in the required direction be brought for the support plate.
  • a swivel axis e.g. B-axis or C-axis
  • two swivel axes coupled to one another e.g. B-axis and C-axis
  • the present disclosure relates to a device, in particular for multi-side machining, of workpieces based on blanks made of flat material, with a workpiece holder according to at least one embodiment according to the disclosure, and with a support unit that is designed for this purpose
  • the support unit having a movable support plate which can be moved between a rest position and a support position, and wherein the support plate is designed to engage the workpiece in a supportive manner in the support position.
  • the device can also be referred to as a support device.
  • the support plate serves to support the blank or the workpiece manufactured in the blank. Machining forces can be absorbed with the aid of the support plate.
  • the support plate can help minimize deformation.
  • the support plate can serve to hold the workpiece after separation from the clamped edge of the blank. This can be done using gravity, but also by providing suction. Therefore, the support plate can be brought in from below (vertically) but if necessary also from the side (horizontally) or at an angle if the workpiece is oriented accordingly.
  • a workpiece can already be supported during processing in order to reduce deformation.
  • the workpiece can be machined on its upper side (facing the at least one clamping jaw) and at the same time supported on its lower side (facing the base body or the support plate), or vice versa.
  • the accuracy can be increased for certain machining tasks.
  • top and bottom are not necessarily to be understood in such a way that the top is absolutely always oriented above the bottom. It is essential that the top of the clamping jaw and the bottom face the base body.
  • the underside is usually that side which is contacted by the support plate, regardless of whether the support plate is fed vertically (from below) or horizontally (from the side).
  • the present disclosure relates to a device for supporting, in particular for multi-side machining, workpieces based on blanks made of flat material, with a workpiece holder for receiving and fixing flat blanks, and with a support unit designed for this purpose is to reach under and support a workpiece when the workpiece holder is in a neutral position, the support unit having a movable support plate which can be moved between a rest position and a support position, the support plate being designed to engage the workpiece in a supportive manner in the support position, wherein the Workpiece holder with a base body with a recess and with at least one clamping jaw which is fixed to the base body and movable relative to the base body, and wherein the at least one clamping jaw is biased in a clamping state by at least one biasing element in the direction of the base body in order to clamp a blank between the base body and the at least one clamping jaw.
  • a clamped blank is accessible at least on its first flat side, which faces the at least one clamping jaw of the workpiece holder, and on its opposite, second flat side through the recess of the workpiece holder when the support plate is in the rest position, at least one fluidic actuator being provided between the at least one clamping jaw and the base body, which can be acted upon by a fluid in order to force the base body and the at least one clamping jaw apart in a release state in order to release the clamped blank.
  • the present disclosure relates to a machine tool, in particular a machine tool with a compact design, for multi-axis machining, with a frame block, a Y slide which is arranged on a Y guide on an underside of the frame block and relative to the frame block can be moved horizontally, an X-slide, which is arranged on an X-guide on an inclined side of the frame block and can be moved horizontally relative to the frame block, the frame block being designed as a sloping-bed frame block, the X-slide along an X-axis is movable, which is oriented perpendicular to a Y-axis, along which the Y-carriage is movable, a Z-carriage, which is vertically movable on a Z-guide on a front side of the X-carriage, one on the Y-carriage indirectly or directly recorded rotary drive, which carries a rotary table with a workpiece interface, and with at least
  • the present disclosure relates to a machine tool, in particular a machine tool with a compact design, for multi-axis machining, with a frame block, a Y slide which is arranged on a Y guide on an underside of the frame block and can be moved horizontally relative to the frame block, an X slide which is arranged on an X guide on an inclined side of the frame block and can be moved horizontally relative to the frame block, the frame block being designed as a sloping bed frame block, the X carriage being able to be moved along an X axis which is oriented perpendicularly to a Y axis along which the Y carriage can be moved, a Z slide, which can be moved vertically on a Z guide on a front side of the X slide, a rotary drive mounted directly or indirectly on the Y slide, which carries a rotary table with a workpiece interface, and with at least one device with a support unit and workpiece holder at least one embodiment according to the disclosure, where
  • the Y-carriage is suspended under the frame block. This has the advantage that high rigidity is achieved with compact dimensions.
  • the working space of the machine tool is smaller than 250 mm ⁇ 250 mm ⁇ 250 mm.
  • the working space of the machine tool is smaller than 200 mm ⁇ 200 mm ⁇ 200 mm.
  • the working space of the machine tool is smaller than 150 mm ⁇ 150 mm ⁇ 150 mm.
  • the working space of the machine tool is smaller than 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm.
  • the working space of the machine tool is smaller than 75 mm ⁇ 75 mm ⁇ 75 mm.
  • This information relates in particular to the possible feeds (traverse paths) along the X, Y and Z axes.
  • the working space can be designed in the form of a cube. However, cuboid installation spaces are also conceivable, the travel paths of which in X, Y and Z are not uniform.
  • the machine tool includes a first rotary drive and a second rotary drive, which is rotatable by the first rotary drive and includes the turntable, wherein the workpiece interface is rotatable by the turntable about an axis oriented perpendicular to the turntable, and wherein the axes of rotation of the first and second rotary drives are oriented perpendicular to one another.
  • the two rotary drives form, for example, a B axis and a C axis of the machine tool.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method for processing flat, blank-like workpieces, in particular by means of multi-side processing, with the following steps:
  • the method also includes the step of reactivating the at least one fluidic actuator after the machining in order to bring the workpiece holder into a release state in order to release the workpiece and/or a residual piece of the blank from the workpiece holder to be able to
  • the method also includes at least one of the following steps: Provision of a device according to at least one embodiment according to the disclosure, in particular a support unit with a support plate,
  • the method further comprises, while the backing plate contacts the workpiece, machining the workpiece from the side opposite the backing plate.
  • the support plate finds excessive deformation.
  • the method further includes, while the backing plate contacts the workpiece, completely separating the workpiece from the surrounding periphery of the blank.
  • the support plate secures the workpiece.
  • the method further comprises activating a suction unit in order to suck the workpiece onto the support plate.
  • the workpiece can be firmly held on the support plate with a certain holding force.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method for processing flat, blank-like workpieces, in particular by means of multi-side processing, with the following steps:
  • the method further comprises at least one of the following steps: completely separating the workpiece from the surrounding periphery of the blank while the backing plate contacts the workpiece, and
  • the activation of the suction unit can take place before the workpiece is separated from the surrounding remainder of the blank.
  • the fluidic actuator overcomes the force applied by the at least one pretensioning element in the release state.
  • the base body and the at least one clamping jaw are pushed apart against the force of the at least one prestressing element.
  • the base body can be designed in one piece or in several pieces. In principle, the base body can also be designed or referred to as a base frame.
  • the clamped portion of the blank is usually a waste product, whereas the workpiece is severed or cut out. A remnant remains. This separation usually takes place towards the end of the machining process.
  • This can, for example, be a complete or almost complete cutting out of a circular contour (by creating cutouts in the form of ring segments).
  • ments include, with webs remain to connect to the periphery, which are severed towards the end of processing to separate the workpiece from the periphery.
  • the workpiece can therefore have a circular shape, but workpieces with a rectangular shape, barrel shape, oval shape and the like are also conceivable.
  • the blank is held autonomously in the clamped state, the workpiece holder preferably being able to be handled with the clamped blank. In other words, no external power supply is required to securely and permanently clamp the blank.
  • the workpiece holder comprises a mounting piece, referred to as a pallet, for attachment to a rotation axis or pivot axis of a machine tool.
  • the mounting piece can also be used to store the workpiece holder in a store or buffer.
  • the mounting piece can also be used for storage on a tray or similar loading aid.
  • the workpiece holder can be coupled, for example, to a rotation axis (A axis, B axis or C axis) of a machine tool.
  • a workpiece interface is provided there, for example, which is used for the coupling.
  • the assembly piece can also be designed for handling with a robot or similar handling mechanisms.
  • the workpiece holder has two opposing clamping jaws, each clamping jaw comprising two prestressing elements. In this way, the clamped and clamped blank is easily accessible between the two jaws.
  • the two jaws are arranged opposite one another and optionally symmetrically to one another and spaced apart from one another in relation to a pivot axis (C-axis or B-axis) for the workpiece holder in order to keep the blank accessible on its first flat side.
  • the base body is designed to hold precisely one blank with precisely one space for a blank-like workpiece.
  • the workpiece holder is suitable for machine tools and machining centers with small work spaces, for example with work spaces with possible travels in X, Y and Z of less than 250 mm each.
  • the traverse paths in the workspace in X, Y and Z are each less than 200 mm. In an exemplary embodiment, the traverse paths in the workspace in X, Y and Z are each less than 150 mm. In an exemplary embodiment, the traverse paths in the workspace in X, Y and Z are each less than 100 mm. In an exemplary embodiment, the traverse paths in the workspace in X, Y and Z are each less than 75 mm. Typical components for the watchmaking industry and comparable precision-mechanical components can nevertheless be produced with such compactly designed machine tools.
  • the at least one prestressing element is designed as a compression spring and in particular as a helical compression spring, with the at least one prestressing element being guided on a guide pin in order to compress the base body and the at least one clamping jaw.
  • the guide bolt of the at least one prestressing element is firmly connected to the at least one clamping jaw, with the at least one prestressing element extending between a collar on an end of the guide bolt facing away from the clamping jaw and an opposite contact surface of the base body .
  • at least one guide pin is provided, which extends between the at least one clamping jaw and the base body and which can be moved at least with one end in a guide recess when the at least one clamping jaw and the base body can be moved towards or away from one another.
  • the guide pin is fixed at the other end, resulting in a linear guide with a limited stroke.
  • the guide recess is adapted to the diameter of the guide pin in order to enable good mobility and precise guidance at the same time.
  • a guide pin is adjacent to each of the two prestressing elements of a clamping jaw, the two two prestressing elements of a clamping jaw preferably being arranged between the two guide pins.
  • a lateral recess is provided on the base body, which is laterally accessible for a machining tool that is oriented perpendicular to the first flat side of the blank. In this way, the blank can be machined laterally on its outer circumference in this area.
  • an adapter piece is arranged on the base body, which provides a support surface for the blank in the direction of the base body, the adapter piece having a cutout adjoining the cutout in the base body, and the cutout of the adapter piece is preferably laterally accessible for a machining tool.
  • the blank or the workpiece to be formed in the blank can also be machined on a third side, for example on a peripheral cut.
  • the blank is not in contact with the at least one clamping jaw, not with the base body and not with the adapter piece.
  • a machining tool can be fed radially or laterally onto the blank-like workpiece. If the adapter piece is cut out in this area, a tool can be fed in, for example, the tip of which protrudes beyond the thickness of the (flat) workpiece.
  • the adapter piece is fixedly connected to the base body.
  • the adapter piece permits radial accessibility of the blank-like workpiece because the blank does not lie flat in the area of the recess there.
  • the adapter piece is adapted specifically to the component.
  • the adapter piece can be adapted to different workpieces or different machining states.
  • the adapter piece is designed in the shape of a horseshoe, for example, in order to provide a large contact surface on the one hand and to allow access to the flat side of the blank on the other hand, as well as to allow lateral processing at least in a limited section.
  • the fluidic actuator is arranged between two pretensioning elements which are assigned to a clamping jaw.
  • This contributes to a favorable introduction of force.
  • the various functions (guiding the movement of the jaw, providing the force to clamp and providing the force to release) are functionally separate from each other.
  • it is a pneumatic actuator.
  • hydraulic actuators are also conceivable.
  • the fluidic actuator comprises at least two components that can be moved relative to one another, with the movement being generated by a fluid (pressure medium) that is introduced into a cavity between the two components.
  • the fluidic actuator can be temporarily acted upon by the fluid in order to insert or release the blank, the workpiece holder being in the clamped state when no fluid is present.
  • the base body is connected to an assembly piece which can be accommodated on a turntable of a machine tool.
  • the rotary table is, for example, part of a B-axis or a C-axis of a machine tool.
  • the turntable includes a workpiece interface, which is optionally designed to provide a pressure medium (for example compressed air).
  • a pressure medium for example compressed air
  • the workpiece is not picked up directly at the workpiece interface. Instead, the workpiece is placed in the workpiece holder, which can also be referred to as a pallet. The workpiece holder is then placed at the workpiece interface.
  • rotary table also includes swivel tables. Depending on the design of the machine tool and the actual machining task, a 180° rotation of the workpiece is sufficient to bring the first and the second flat side into a machining position, at least in exemplary configurations.
  • the machining takes place on a machine with 4 axes or a machine with 5 axes. This usually includes three translational axes and one or two pivoting axes. This is not to be understood as limiting.
  • the assembly piece has a pressure medium connection, in particular a pneumatic pressure medium connection, in order to couple the workpiece holder in the mounted state to a pressure medium supply for actuating the fluidic actuator.
  • a pressure medium connection in particular a pneumatic pressure medium connection
  • the assembly piece can be automatically coupled to a fluid line when the assembly piece is mounted, for example, on a turntable of a machine tool or a set-up station.
  • the workpiece holder provides a support surface for the at least one blank, which is oriented parallel to an axis of rotation of a turntable, the workpiece holder preferably being designed symmetrically to a central plane running through the axis of rotation.
  • the center plane is a plane through the axis of rotation, the plane being perpendicular to the bearing surface.
  • the workpiece holder "stands” with the blank on the rotary table (e.g. C-axis or B-axis) of the machine tool.
  • the support unit is designed to hold a workpiece that has been separated from a surrounding residual piece after processing. In this way, the workpiece can be completely separated from the edge of the blank and removed in a defined manner.
  • the machining can be complete and also include a separation of the workpiece from the surrounding periphery of the blank and from the workpiece holder.
  • the workpiece can be supported and held in a defined manner with the support unit. Controlled handling can follow. The workpiece can be removed (ejected) from the work area in a controlled manner.
  • the support plate can help to support and stiffen the workpiece when a certain machining progress has already been made. This is usually accompanied by a reduction in the inherent stiffness of the (flat) material.
  • severing the workpiece from the edge of the blank does not require a separate device, at least in exemplary embodiments. Instead, a conventional machining tool housed in the spindle of the machine tool can be used.
  • the support plate contacts the workpiece through the recess of the base body.
  • the support plate is designed like a die and is adapted to the contour of the second flat side (for example the underside or rear side) of the workpiece.
  • the support plate has a suction contour, wherein the support plate can be connected to a fluid supply in order to fluidly suck in and hold the workpiece if necessary.
  • the separation includes, for example, separating the remaining support arms between the workpiece table and the periphery of the blank clamped in the workpiece holder. In this way, the workpiece can be detached from the workpiece holder and held in a defined manner.
  • the fluid supply When using a pneumatic suction, the fluid supply is designed to generate a negative pressure in the area of the suction contour.
  • the term fluid supply is therefore not to be understood as limiting.
  • the support plate has positive-locking elements for receiving the workpiece in a positive-locking manner. Recesses and other contours are usually created in the workpiece during machining.
  • the support plate can be designed at least in sections as a negative of the workpiece, so that the workpiece can be gripped and supported with great precision.
  • the support unit comprises a linear drive, in particular comprising at least one cylinder, which moves the support plate between the rest position and the support position.
  • a linear drive in particular comprising at least one cylinder, which moves the support plate between the rest position and the support position.
  • it is a fluidic linear drive.
  • this is a vertical movement.
  • it is a horizontal movement. Different directions of movement are conceivable.
  • the support unit comprises a housing, with the housing housing the support plate and the linear drive in the rest position, with the support plate being moved out of the housing in the support position, and with preferably the housing in the rest position Backing plate protects against machining abrasion.
  • the housing is designed like a quiver with a lid.
  • a top cover with a lid has the advantage that no chips get in the case fall when the case is closed.
  • the housing is initially closed during processing, towards the end of processing the housing opens so that the support plate can move out.
  • At least one position securing element is also provided, which connects the support plate to the workpiece holder in the support position.
  • the at least one position securing element ensures the desired relative orientation between the support plate and the workpiece holder and, as a result, between the support plate and the workpiece.
  • the at least one position securing element is designed as an orientation nose, for example.
  • a design as a latching element is also conceivable, for example as a spring-assisted or otherwise actuated latching element.
  • the support plate and the workpiece holder are assigned position securing elements that are adapted to one another.
  • a workpiece holder and configurations of a support unit are described.
  • the workpiece holder and the support unit can be used independently of one another in a machine tool for producing and machining flat workpieces.
  • a combined application is also conceivable.
  • the device described within the scope of the present disclosure can also be described as a support device.
  • the support device regularly includes the support unit.
  • the supporting device additionally comprises a workpiece holder according to the disclosure. It is conceivable that a support device combines a support unit according to the disclosure with a workpiece holder that is not designed according to the disclosure. Furthermore, the combination of a workpiece holder designed according to the disclosure with a support unit not designed according to the disclosure is also conceivable.
  • a workpiece holder according to the disclosure and/or a support unit according to the disclosure can be used with various types of machine tools that provide the necessary axes for machining the workpieces.
  • it can be a traveling column machine, portal machine machines, gantry machines, mobile portal machines and the like, which have three translational axes oriented perpendicular to one another and at least one axis of rotation (two axes of rotation are also conceivable). Therefore, the present disclosure expressly also relates to a machine tool for machining workpieces based on flat blanks with a workpiece holder and/or a support unit according to at least one embodiment described herein.
  • FIG. 2 shows another view of the machine tool with the components shown in FIG. 1 being omitted;
  • Fig. 3 is a view of a flat blank from which a workpiece is formed
  • Fig. 4 an enlarged partial representation of the machine tool according to FIG. 1 and
  • Fig. 5 a further detailed view based on Fig. 4 to illustrate the
  • FIG. 6 a further detailed illustration based on FIGS. 4 and 5 to illustrate the interaction between the workpiece holder and the support unit;
  • Fig. 7 is a plan view of a workpiece holder into which a support plate for supporting a workpiece is engaged;
  • FIG. 9 is a partial sectional front view of the workpiece holder taken along the line IX-IX in FIG. 8, showing a released state;
  • FIG. 10 is another front partial sectional view of the workpiece holder taken along the line IX-IX in FIG. 8 to illustrate a clamped state
  • FIG. 11 is a side view of a workpiece holder
  • FIG. 12 is a side sectional view of the workpiece holder based on FIG. 11 along the line XII-XII in FIG. 8 for illustrating an actuator;
  • FIG. 13 shows a block diagram to illustrate an embodiment of a method for producing flat, circular workpieces
  • FIG. 14 shows a block diagram to illustrate a further embodiment of a method for producing flat, blank-like workpieces.
  • FIG. 1 uses a perspective view to illustrate an exemplary configuration of a machine tool 10 that is suitable for producing compact precision mechanical components.
  • FIG. 2 shows a corresponding representation to illustrate a core machine 12 of the machine tool 10.
  • the machine tool 10 comprises a support frame 14 which is mounted on a base 16 in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the core machine 12 includes a frame block 18 .
  • the frame block 18 is mounted on the support frame 14 via bearing points 20 .
  • Four such bearing points 20 are provided as an example.
  • the core machine 12 is designed in such a way that displacement drives of the machine tool 10 are mounted directly or indirectly on the compact frame block 18 . This leads to a favorable introduction of force.
  • the support frame 14 and the base 16 in the embodiment must tion example according to Figures 1 and 2 usually absorb only weight forces, but not reaction forces that occur during processing.
  • the compact frame block 18 allows a space-saving design of the core machine 12 and the entire machine tool 10, at least in the embodiment illustrated with reference to FIGS.
  • a Cartesian coordinate system X-Y-Z is also indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2 for reasons of illustration.
  • the axes are assigned according to the usual conventions in the field of machine tools.
  • the X-axis usually describes a lateral extension.
  • the Y axis usually describes a depth extension.
  • the Z-axis usually describes a height extension (vertical).
  • the X-axis and the Y-axis are usually oriented horizontally.
  • the X-Y-Z axes are usually at right angles to each other.
  • a so-called A-axis usually describes rotational movements around the X-axis.
  • a B-axis usually describes rotational movements around the Y-axis.
  • a C-axis usually describes rotational movements around the Z-axis. If an axis of rotation (or pivot axis) in a kinematic chain is held and rotatable directly or indirectly by another axis of rotation (or pivot axis), this assignment usually changes. This is known to those skilled in the art.
  • the machine tool 10 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is designed as a so-called five-axis machine, with three translatory axes (X, Y, Z) and two rotary axes (for example B-axis and C-axis) being provided.
  • a design as a four-axis machine is also conceivable, in which case usually only one rotary axis (for example the B axis) is provided.
  • the term axis usually includes an assembly with two axes that can be moved relative to one another, appropriate guidance/bearings and an associated drive. It goes without saying that the person skilled in the art also knows other axis assignments and can transform them if necessary.
  • the core machine 12 comprises an X-carriage 22, which is mounted on the frame block 18 so that it can be moved linearly in the X-direction Drive 24 provided.
  • the X carriage 22 is guided on a sloping side 26 of the frame block 18 .
  • the frame block 18 provides a slanted bed for the X-carriage 22 .
  • the inclined side 26 is inclined by 30° to 60° with respect to a vertical plane which is defined by the X and Z axes.
  • a Y slide 28 is also provided, which is mounted on the frame block 18 so that it can be moved linearly in the Y direction, see also a double arrow labeled 52 in FIG , compare Fig. 2.
  • the Y slide 28 hangs on an underside 34 of the frame block 18. This leads to the desired compact design of the frame block 18. Reaction forces that arise during processing are transmitted over a short distance through the frame block 18 passed through.
  • the support frame 14 and subframe 16 serve primarily as a pedestal for the frame block 18.
  • the rigidity of the machine tool 10 depends primarily on the rigidity of the core machine 12, particularly the rigidity of the frame block 18.
  • the core machine 12 also includes a Z slide 32, which is mounted on the frame block 18 so that it can be moved linearly in the Z direction, see also a double arrow labeled 54 in FIG. 2.
  • a drive is used to move the Z slide 32 36 provided.
  • a rotary drive 40 which can also be referred to as a B drive or B axis, is also assigned to the Y carriage.
  • the rotary drive 40 carries a further rotary drive 42, which can also be referred to as a C drive or C axis.
  • the rotary drives 40, 42 can be rotary drives, for example rotary drives or swivel drives.
  • the possible pivoting movement of the rotary drive 40 is indicated by a curved double arrow 56 in FIG.
  • the possible pivoting movement of the rotary drive 42 is indicated by a curved double arrow 58 in FIG.
  • the arrows 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 in Fig. 2 illustrated a total of five axes of movement.
  • the axes 50 and 54 are tool axes that move the tool.
  • the axes 52, 56 and 58 are workpiece axes which move the workpiece.
  • a control device for the machine tool 10 is also indicated at 48 in FIG. 1 .
  • the machine tool 10 regularly has an NC or CNC control.
  • the Z slide 32 carries a tool holder 44 on which a machining tool 46 is accommodated.
  • the processing tool 46 is, for example, a milling cutter, a drill and the like.
  • the tool holder 44 is part of a tool spindle (not shown explicitly in FIGS. 1 and 2) with a drive for the machining tool 46.
  • the machining tool 46 can be rotated about its longitudinal axis (vertical axis in the exemplary embodiment).
  • Other configurations are conceivable.
  • a workpiece holder 60 is attached to the rotary drive 42 (for example the C axis). A workpiece picked up on it can be moved via the axes 52, 56, 58.
  • the workpiece holder 60 can also be referred to as a pallet or workpiece pallet.
  • the B axis (arrow 56) and/or the C axis (arrow 58) can be used to rotate the workpiece holder 60 by 180°. In other words, in this way the workpiece holder 60 can be turned with the workpiece in order to be able to process workpieces on at least two sides.
  • the rotary drive 42 (C-axis 58) can be dispensed with if the workpiece holder 62 is instead attached directly to the rotary drive 40 (B-axis 56).
  • the workpiece holder 60 can be part of a support device 70 which also includes a support unit 62 .
  • the support unit 62 serves as needed for temporarily supporting a workpiece to be machined when the workpiece holder 60 has assumed a specific position (e.g. neutral position). This is an advantage, for example, when thin workpieces are to be produced with high precision.
  • the workpiece holder 60 and the support unit 62 can be implemented independently of each other. In certain embodiments and for certain applications, the workpiece holder 60 and the support unit 62 are combined. In this way, a support device 70 with support unit 62 and workpiece holder 60 can result.
  • the support unit 62 comprises a housing 64 and a cover 66 which closes the housing 64 in the direction of the workpiece holder 60.
  • the cover 66 can be opened as required in order to be able to move elements of the support unit 62 in the direction of the workpiece holder 60 . When closed, the cover 66 prevents the ingress of chips and the like.
  • the support unit 62 comprises a base 74 which is connected to the machine tool 10 so that it is fixed to the frame.
  • the base 74 carries a carrier 76 that can be moved by a drive 80, compare the double arrow 82 in FIG. 2.
  • the carrier 76 can be moved vertically. This is not to be understood as limiting. A horizontal mobility of the carrier 76 is also conceivable if the workpiece holder 60 is aligned accordingly.
  • a support plate 78 is accommodated on the carrier 76, which in the extended state of the support unit 62 approaches the workpiece holder 60 and interacts with it in order to support a workpiece.
  • the support plate 78 has form-fitting elements 84 that are adapted to the contour of the workpiece.
  • the support plate 78 is adapted to the design of the workpiece (eg circular, oval or angular). In this way, even a thin workpiece can be machined with high precision when supported by the support plate 78 .
  • the Support plate 78 serve to hold a workpiece that has been separated from a remnant, for example, when the workpiece holder 60 is unloaded and supplied with a new blank.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary configuration of a workpiece 100 using a plan view of a flat side.
  • the workpiece 100 is produced on the basis of a flat blank 102 .
  • thin blanks 102 are sawn off as discs from a semi-finished product (rod).
  • the blank 102 consists, for example, of a metal material such as brass, steel, aluminum, titanium or the like.
  • the workpiece 100 has a round shape, compare the round blank 104.
  • the workpiece 100 is circular or essentially round in shape. Different configurations are also conceivable (oval, convex or even angular).
  • the workpiece 100 is produced in the blank 102 by machining.
  • An edge (residual piece) 106 remains after processing.
  • the blank 102 is provided with at least one positioning aid 108, for example.
  • the at least one positioning aid 108 allows precise positioning of the blank 102 for machining.
  • design elements 110 are usually formed during processing, such as blind holes, through holes, openings, recesses and the like.
  • the processing for generating the design elements 110 takes place on a flat side.
  • the machining takes place on both (opposite) flat sides. It is therefore advantageous if the workpiece holder 60 allows access to the blank 102 in the area of the workpiece 100 to be produced on both flat sides.
  • the separation of the workpiece 100 from the peripheral edge 106 of the blank 102 is carried out, for example, by a gap or annular gap 112, which is machined is sired.
  • the annular gap 112 is initially not produced continuously; instead, webs 114 remain, which connect the workpiece 100 or the blank 104) to the surrounding edge 106.
  • the ridges 114 are removed to separate the workpiece 100 from the rim 106.
  • the machining of the workpiece 100 can include machining steps in a (single) machine tool 10 or machining steps in a plurality of machine tools 10 .
  • FIG. 3 also uses an incision 116 to illustrate lateral processing that requires the tool to be fed in from the side or front (compare the processing tool 46 in FIGS. 1 and 2). If an incision 116 or a comparable lateral design element is to be produced, it is advantageous if the blank 102 does not rest there with its edge 106 on a support.
  • the rotary drive 42 provides a rotary table (pivoting table) 118 with a workpiece interface 122 for receiving workpieces, pallets, devices and the like.
  • the workpiece holder 60 has a mounting piece 120, which can also be referred to as a pallet.
  • the mounting piece 120 is attached to the workpiece interface 122 of the turntable 118 . In this way, the workpiece holder 60 can be pivoted about the pivot axis 58 (C-axis) of the turntable 118 .
  • the workpiece holder 60 provides a recess 124 in its center.
  • the recess 124 is a continuous recess. This has the advantage that a flat workpiece 100 held on the workpiece holder 60 can be machined on both of its flat sides when the workpiece holder 60 with the workpiece 100 is rotated through 180° in relation to the machining tool 46 . In this way, the two flat sides of the blank 102 can be presented to the machining tool 46 .
  • the workpiece holder 60 has a base body 126 .
  • the base body 126 comprises a base plate 128 and a carrier 130, which is mounted on the base plate 128.
  • an adapter piece 134 is also provided, which provides the actual bearing surface 136 for the blank 102, on the basis of which the workpiece 100 is produced.
  • the adapter piece 134 rests on the carrier 130 . When the blank 102 is mounted, the adapter piece 134 is arranged between the carrier 130 and the blank 102 .
  • the adapter piece 134 is adapted to the respective workpiece 100 or the respective blank 102 .
  • the workpiece holder 60 with the base body 126 has a basic configuration.
  • the adaptation to the specific workpiece 100 takes place by exchanging the adapter piece 134.
  • the adapter piece 134 can also be an integral part of the base body 126 .
  • Figure 4 further illustrates a lateral recess 142 in the base body.
  • the cutout 142 is formed in the carrier 130 of the base body 126 .
  • the adapter piece 134 has a lateral recess 144 .
  • the recess 144 and optionally the recess 142 allow the edge region of the blank 102 to be machined, compare the incision 116 in FIG Bearing surface 136 or the flat side of the blank 102 is.
  • the housing 64 of the support unit 62 is closed.
  • the functionality of the support unit 62 is illustrated in more detail.
  • the support device 70 uses tion example, the workpiece holder 60 and the support unit 62 to edit workpieces 100 with high precision and easy to handle.
  • Figure 5 shows the outrigger assembly 62 in a partially deployed configuration.
  • the cover 66 is open so that the support plate 78 arranged on the carrier 70 can be moved out of the housing 64 .
  • a drive 80 is provided for this purpose.
  • a longitudinal guide 158 is installed in the exemplary embodiment, which is designed as a cylinder, for example.
  • FIG. 5 further illustrates that the support plate 78 has a carrier plate 150 and an elevation 156 in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the elevation 156 is adapted to the shape (outline) of the workpiece 100 .
  • the elevation 156 is therefore designed as a circular elevation on the carrier plate 150 .
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a support position of the support unit 62, in which the support plate 78 is retracted into the recess 124 (compare FIG. 4).
  • the support plate 78 is engaged in the work holder 60 .
  • the turntable 118 has brought the workpiece holder 60 into a neutral position.
  • an end face of the support plate 78 is flush or almost flush with the bearing surface 136 of the adapter piece 134 . This reduces deformations caused by machining forces and increases machining accuracy.
  • the support plate 78 also includes position securing elements 152, 154, cf. also FIG. 7 illustrates a top view of the workpiece holder 60 in the neutral position, with the backup assembly 62 engaged.
  • the blank 102 is indicated by the dashed line and would cover the backup plate 78 here.
  • the blank 102 is clamped by the clamping jaw 138, 140 against the base body 126 or against the adapter piece 134.
  • the workpiece holder 60 in turn has position securing elements 176, 178 which are adapted to the position securing elements 152, 154.
  • the position assurance elements 152, 154, 176, 178 can engage one another to align the support plate 78 in the desired orientation and position relative to the workpiece holder 60 and workpiece 100, respectively.
  • the position securing elements 176, 178 are formed in the adapter piece 134.
  • a (vertical) stop of the carrier plate 150 can result on an underside of the adapter piece 134 .
  • the position of the support plate 78 relative to the base body 126 of the workpiece holder 60 is positively defined and precisely defined by a stop.
  • 162 also designates a suction unit, which is connected to the support plate 78 via a fluid line 164 (shown only schematically).
  • 170 indicates an intake contour into which the fluid line 164 opens.
  • the intake unit 162 is designed to generate a vacuum. In this way, a workpiece 100 resting on the support plate 78 can be sucked in and held via the suction contour 170 . This allows, for example, a complete separation of the workpiece 100 (compare the blank 104 in FIG. 3) from the surrounding edge 106 of the blank 102. If, for example, the remaining webs 114 in FIG. 3 were removed without additional support, the workpiece 100 would fall out.
  • the workpiece 100 can be completely separated from the edge 106 of the blank 102 directly in the workpiece holder 60 in the clamping provided for machining in the machine tool 10. No separate devices are required. The separation can take place with the processing tool 46 of the machine tool 10 .
  • the necessary holding force can be provided by a suitable form-fitting mount.
  • a suction unit 162 can also be used to support the suction of the workpiece 100 .
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 also illustrate the lateral accessibility of the blank 102 on the basis of the recesses 142, 144. This area is not covered by the support plate 78 either.
  • Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 also show raised form-fitting elements 84 on the support plate 78. These are, for example, on design elements 110 (See Fig. 3) of the workpiece 100 adjusted. This results overall in precise positioning between support plate 78, workpiece holder 60 and workpiece 100.
  • FIG. 8 shows a top view of the workpiece holder 60, with the blank 102 and the workpiece 100 being indicated by dashed lines.
  • 9 and 10 each show a front view of a partial section through the workpiece holder 60 along the line IX-IX in FIG. 8.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 show a side view of the workpiece holder 60, with FIG line XII-XII in fig.
  • FIG. 9 shows a release state.
  • 10 shows a clamped state.
  • the blank 102 is held and clamped between the base body 126 and the clamping jaws 138,140.
  • the blank 102 lies in the clamped state between the clamping jaws 138, 140 and the adapter piece 134.
  • the blank has a first side (flat side) 202 which faces the clamping jaws 138, 140.
  • the blank 102 has a second, opposite side (flat side) 204 which faces the bearing surface 36 or the adapter piece 134 .
  • the workpiece holder 60 is designed symmetrically to a central plane 200, see Fig.
  • Positioning aids 108 are provided in the exemplary embodiment on the blank 102 for positively locking the position and as orientation support, which are adapted to associated positioning aids 188 on the base body 126, which are arranged on the adapter piece 134 in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the positioning aids 108, 188 are bores and elevations that are adapted to one another.
  • the blank 102 can be secured in its position on the workpiece holder 60 with a form fit and additionally with a force fit.
  • the workpiece 100 can be machined within the recess 124 in the workpiece holder 60 and separated from the edge 106 of the blank 102 .
  • the processing The direction can take place both on the first side 202 and on the second side 204 when the workpiece holder 60 or the mounting piece 120 is pivoted by 180 °.
  • the clamping jaws 138, 140 are pressed in the direction of the base body 126 by prestressing elements 192. In this way, the workpiece 100 or its blank 102 is clamped between the clamping jaws 138, 140 and the base body 126.
  • the pretensioning elements 192 are each mounted on a guide pin 190 .
  • the guide pin 190 extends between the clamping jaws 138, 140 and the base body 126, which includes the base plate 128 around the carrier 130 in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the pretensioning element 192 is designed as a compression spring 194 which surrounds the guide pin 190 in sections.
  • the pretensioning element 192 is supported on the guide pin 190 between a contact surface 196 and a collar 198 .
  • the contact surface 196 is formed on the carrier 130 of the base body 126 .
  • the guide pin 190 is firmly connected to the associated clamping jaw 138, 140, for example by a suitable screw connection or the like.
  • the guide pin 190 can move in unison with the jaw 138, 140 relative to the base body 126 to move the jaw 138, 140 closer to the adapter piece 134. Compare the release state in FIG. 9 and the clamped state in FIG. 10.
  • the movement of the guide pin 190 during the transition from the released state to the clamped state is illustrated in FIG. 9 by an arrow labeled 206.
  • Resulting clamping forces of the clamping jaws 138, 140 on the blank 102 are illustrated in FIG. 10 by arrows 208, 210.
  • the blank 102 is held on the workpiece holder 60 in a non-positive manner. If positioning aids 108, 180 are provided, a positive locking position is also possible, which increases the accuracy.
  • an actuator 220 is used to move the workpiece holder 60 from the clamped state (Fig. 10) to the release state (Fig. 9).
  • the actuator 220 is designed as a fluidic actuator 220 and is arranged between one of the clamping jaws 138 , 140 and the base body 126 .
  • the sectional view in FIG. 12 shows that the fluidic actuator 220 includes a thrust piece 224 (comparable to a piston) and a cavity 226 (comparable to a cylinder).
  • the cavity 226 can be filled with a pressurized fluid 230 via a port 228 . In this way, the thrust piece 224 is displaced so that the clamping jaw 138, 140 is moved away from the base body 126.
  • the actuator 220 When the actuator 220 is activated in this way, the workpiece holder 60 can be moved from the clamped state (Fig. 10) to the released state (Fig. 9), see arrow 230 in Fig. 12. In the released state, the blank 102 can be inserted or . change.
  • the fluid line 240 is indicated only schematically in FIG.
  • a pressure medium connection 242 is provided on the mounting piece 120, which allows the fluid line 240 to be disconnected and connected as required.
  • the actuator 220 is a pneumatic actuator that is supplied with compressed air. It goes without saying that, in principle, hydraulic actuators are also conceivable. Equally, in principle, electromotive actuators or other drives are also conceivable.
  • the actuator 220 is deactivated. No supply of the pressure medium is required.
  • the workpiece holder 60 can be transferred or otherwise handled with the clamped blank 102 .
  • the workpiece holder 60 can be coupled via its mounting piece 120 at suitable positions (rotary table, set-up station, measuring station and the like) to a suitable receptacle/interface that has a fluid supply. (Fluidic) energy can therefore be provided to supply the actuator 220 as required.
  • the workpiece holder 60 is self-sufficient.
  • Figures 11 and 12 illustrate a design in which guide pins 246 are provided to guide the release movement (arrow 230 in Fig. 11) and the opposite clamping movement.
  • the guide pins 246 extend between the clamping jaws 138, 140 and the base body 126.
  • the base plate 128 and the carrier 130 of the base body 126 provide a guide recess 248 for the guide pins 246.
  • FIGS. 8-12 show that the workpiece holder 60 has two clamping jaws 138, 140 lying opposite one another.
  • the clamping jaws 138, 140 each have two prestressing elements 192.
  • two guide pins 246 are provided to guide the movement of the clamping jaws 138, 140.
  • the two pretensioning elements 192 which are mounted on guide bolts 190 , are arranged between the two guide pins 246 .
  • the fluidic actuator 220 is arranged between the guide pins 246 and between the guide bolts 190 . The result is symmetrical guidance and a favorable force distribution.
  • FIG. 13 uses a block diagram to illustrate an embodiment of a method for machining workpieces, in particular for producing circular workpieces from flat blanks.
  • the method is suitable, for example, for the production of precision mechanical components such as watch plates and the like.
  • the method includes a step S10, which includes the provision of a machine tool.
  • the machine tool is designed for machining, in particular for multi-side machining.
  • the machine tool provides corresponding travel axes.
  • the machine tool is designed, for example, as a machine with four controlled axes or as a machine with five controlled axes.
  • the machine tool has at least one table for accommodating a workpiece or for accommodating a pallet (assembly piece).
  • a workpiece holder is provided according to at least one embodiment described herein, which is used for receiving and handling a blank.
  • the workpiece holder includes a clamping mechanism mus having at least one jaw urged by at least one biasing member toward a clamped condition.
  • a step S14 follows, in which a blank made of a flat material is provided. The blank is regularly larger than the workpiece to be manufactured, so that an edge is available on which the blank can lie flat and be clamped.
  • a step S16 follows, which includes the activation of an actuator in order to bring the workpiece holder into a release state.
  • a pressure medium for example compressed air
  • the actuator can perform a movement that relaxes the workpiece holder. This includes, for example, overcoming the clamping force applied by the at least one prestressing element.
  • a blank In the release state, a blank can be inserted or removed. In this way, for example, a leftover edge area of a processed blank can be detached from the workpiece holder and a new blank can be inserted. This takes place in a step S18.
  • the blank can also be positioned and aligned in a form-fitting manner.
  • the workpiece holder is provided with a recess so that the blank can be machined at least in sections both on its first flat side and on its second flat side.
  • the actuator is deactivated in order to bring the workpiece holder from the release state to a clamped state.
  • This includes, for example, the decoupling of a fluidic actuator from a pressure medium supply.
  • the workpiece holder can automatically switch to the clamping state.
  • the clamping state the clamping force is generated and maintained independently.
  • the actuator In the clamped state with the clamped blank, the actuator can be moved and possibly even transferred. In the clamped state, no connection to a pressure medium supply is required.
  • a subsequent step S22 includes the actual machining of the blank to produce the workpiece. This can be individual work steps or the include complete machining of the workpiece. Towards the end of the processing in step S22, the workpiece can be partially separated from the surrounding edge of the blank, with webs or similar connections remaining. However, it is also conceivable to completely separate the workpiece from the surrounding edge of the blank.
  • a further step S24 relates to reactivating the actuator in order to bring the workpiece holder into a release state.
  • the machined/processed blank can then be removed.
  • a new blank can be recorded (compare step S18).
  • FIG. 14 uses a block diagram to describe its further embodiment of a method for machining workpieces, in particular for producing circular workpieces from flat blanks. Similar to steps S10-S20, steps S50-S60 relate to the provision of a machine tool (step S50), the provision of a workpiece holder (step S52), the provision of a suitable blank (step S54), the transition of the workpiece holder to a release state ( Step S56), the picking up and placement of the blank on the workpiece holder (step S58) and the transfer of the workpiece holder to a clamped state (step S60).
  • steps S50-S60 relate to the provision of a machine tool (step S50), the provision of a workpiece holder (step S52), the provision of a suitable blank (step S54), the transition of the workpiece holder to a release state ( Step S56), the picking up and placement of the blank on the workpiece holder (step S58) and the transfer of the workpiece holder to a clamped state (step S
  • step S52 it should be noted that, in exemplary configurations, this is also aimed at providing a supporting device which, in addition to the workpiece holder, also includes a supporting unit. If required, the support unit can be brought into engagement with the workpiece holder, so that the workpiece to be produced on the basis of the blank is additionally supported.
  • Step S62 includes activating a drive of the support unit in order to move a support plate into a support position.
  • the support plate can be moved between a rest position and the support position.
  • the support plate is housed in a housing in the rest position. The support plate can therefore be activated as required to ling to reach under and support in sections. This can serve to increase the accuracy and to avoid deformation.
  • step S64 which comprises processing the blank in a state where the support plate is in the support position. It goes without saying that other processing steps are conceivable before or after step S64, in which the support plate is in the rest position, for example for reasons of accessibility. This can also affect machining in the area or on that side of the workpiece on which the support plate later comes to rest.
  • step S64 the workpiece is gripped and supported at its center, for example.
  • the workpiece can be completely separated from the surrounding edge (offcut) of the blank.
  • the separated workpiece is then no longer connected to the edge and the workpiece holder.
  • the support is provided by the support plate.
  • a further step S66 includes the removal of the workpiece after separation from the remainder. This can be done with a gripper or similar handling elements. If necessary, the support plate can be moved so that there is better accessibility.
  • a further step S68 includes the removal or delivery of the remnant in parallel or with a time delay. The workpiece holder is then ready to receive a new blank. The support unit with the support plate can be moved to the rest position.
  • a suction unit is additionally activated in order to additionally suck the workpiece onto the support plate. This ensures that the workpiece is held firmly and securely on the support plate of the support unit and makes further handling easier.

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Abstract

Selon l'invention, un porte-pièce (60) pour recevoir et fixer des ébauches plates (102) comprend un corps de base (126) pourvu d'une découpe (124) et au moins une mâchoire de serrage (138, 140) qui est fixée au corps de base (126) et qui est mobile par rapport au corps de base (126). À l'état serré, la ou les mâchoires de serrage (138, 140) sont précontraintes par au moins un élément de précontrainte (192) en direction du corps de base (126) afin de serrer une ébauche plate (102) entre le corps de base (126) et la ou les mâchoires de serrage (138, 140). Une ébauche serrée (102) est accessible au moins sur sa première face plane (202) qui est tournée vers la ou les mâchoires de serrage (138, 140), et est accessible sur sa deuxième face plane opposée (202) par la découpe (124). Entre la ou les mâchoires de serrage (138, 140) et le corps de base (126) se trouve au moins un actionneur fluidique (220) qui peut être soumis à l'action d'un fluide pour, dans un état de libération, séparer le corps de base (126) et la ou les mâchoires de serrage (138, 140) afin de libérer l'ébauche serrée (102). L'invention concerne en outre un dispositif (70) destiné à porter des ébauches (102) formées par un matériau plat, une machine-outil (10), ainsi qu'un procédé d'usinage de pièces plates et circulaires (100).
EP22722474.8A 2021-04-22 2022-04-12 Porte-pièce, dispositif de support et procédé d'usinage Pending EP4326485A1 (fr)

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CN118237914B (zh) * 2024-05-27 2024-09-27 江苏百安科技有限公司 一种发动机活塞生产用加工机床

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CH718530B1 (de) 2024-09-13
DE102021110335A1 (de) 2022-10-27

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