EP4334541A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un élément composite et élément composite - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un élément composite et élément composite

Info

Publication number
EP4334541A1
EP4334541A1 EP21726032.2A EP21726032A EP4334541A1 EP 4334541 A1 EP4334541 A1 EP 4334541A1 EP 21726032 A EP21726032 A EP 21726032A EP 4334541 A1 EP4334541 A1 EP 4334541A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
recess
composite
composite element
reinforcement
building
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP21726032.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4334541C0 (fr
EP4334541B1 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Ulrich Terkl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP24217500.8A priority Critical patent/EP4497890A3/fr
Publication of EP4334541A1 publication Critical patent/EP4334541A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4334541C0 publication Critical patent/EP4334541C0/fr
Publication of EP4334541B1 publication Critical patent/EP4334541B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B5/26—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with filling members between the beams
    • E04B5/261—Monolithic filling members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/48—Special adaptations of floors for incorporating ducts, e.g. for heating or ventilating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
    • E04B2005/235—Wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations having a special form
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
    • E04B2005/237—Separate connecting elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a composite element.
  • the invention further relates to a composite element, having a first element with a recess and at least one second element, which is connected to the first element and has a hardened material and a reinforcement.
  • Such composite elements are used, for example, in the construction of buildings in order to connect elements made of different materials, for example elements made of wood with elements made of concrete.
  • the disadvantage of such composite elements is that they always require concreting on a construction site, which means that on the one hand industrial production as in the case of a prefabricated building house is not possible. On the other hand, concreting on site also involves a lot of time and money.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a method of the type mentioned at the outset, which can be implemented particularly efficiently.
  • the first object is achieved according to the invention by a method of the type mentioned at the outset, in which a first element is provided with a recess, after which a reinforcement partially projecting out of the recess is positioned in the recess, after which the recess is filled with hardenable material, in particular concrete is, after which the hardenable material hardens in the recess to form a second element, so that the reinforcement is positively connected to the first element via the hardened material.
  • a connection between the first element and the second element can also be made in advance, for example in a precast plant, so that an industrial production of the composite element is possible.
  • the composite element can be connected to other components of a building on a construction site via the reinforcement protruding from the recess.
  • a composite element produced according to the invention thus has a first element with a recess and a second element which has a hardened material and a reinforcement usually made of steel, the first element and the second element being positively connected via the recess.
  • the recess is filled with a shrinkage-compensated, hardenable material, in particular shrinkage-compensated concrete. As a result, a form fit for power transmission remains even after hardening.
  • a first element to be provided with a recess, which recess essentially extends along a longitudinal direction and has a variable cross section along the longitudinal direction, in particular arrow-shaped thrust cams in a plan view.
  • the usually plate-shaped element can then be connected to the reinforcement in a shear-resistant manner along the longitudinal direction by means of the hardened material.
  • the composite element can advantageously be used in particular as a ceiling element, especially since the element, which usually consists of wood, can withstand the tensile forces on a lower region of the composite element in the event of deflection and a concrete beam, a concrete slab or can absorb the same compressive forces in an upper region of the composite element.
  • a lightweight and at the same time stable composite element for the formation of ceiling elements in buildings is thus achieved.
  • a displacement body preferably a filling material, a hollow body and/or formwork
  • hardenable material in particular fiber concrete, preferably micro-fiber concrete
  • the displacement body can also be a heat-insulating material, so that a heat-insulating and at the same time stable component is achieved.
  • the displacement body itself can be a load-bearing component, for example a reinforced concrete element. In this case, a stable connection of the reinforced concrete element to the composite element is achieved in a simple manner by means of the method according to the invention.
  • the hardenable material is applied in such a way that the displacement body is fixed by this material relative to the first element after the hardenable material has hardened. This enables a particularly advantageous combination of a prefabricated composite element with a wide variety of displacement bodies, so that a wide variety of components can be formed.
  • the material with which the recess is filled can correspond to the material in which the reinforcement is enclosed; however, different materials can also be used, for example concrete of different grades. Furthermore, the material in which the reinforcement is enclosed can be applied immediately after the recess has been filled or at a later point in time, for example on a construction site as in-situ concrete.
  • the first element has a plurality of parallel recesses, in each of which a reinforcement is positively connected to the first element via a hardenable material.
  • a composite element is achieved in a simple manner, which has a high strength over the hardened material usually made of concrete, even if the first element does not consist of a high-strength material.
  • the first element can also consist of a material of lower strength, for example wood, plastic or the like.
  • load-bearing components for buildings can be formed with the method according to the invention, which on the one hand can have an attractive appearance due to the first element and on the other hand also ensure high strength and stability due to the hardened material usually made of concrete.
  • a ceiling of a building can be formed in a simple manner, which consists exclusively of a visible underside Wood, or the like, and which is positively connected to a trained by the reinforcement and the hardened material as a reinforced concrete beam second element.
  • a wood-concrete ceiling can be completely prefabricated so that it is no longer necessary to build formwork on a construction site.
  • a wood-concrete composite element is thus formed which can be produced much more cost-effectively, more reliably and more quickly than with methods of the prior art.
  • a composite element designed according to the invention can be used in a wide variety of ways.
  • a use of the composite element formed with the method according to the invention, in particular as a ceiling in a building, is possible in a particularly favorable manner if a first element with a recess with a cross section is used, which cross section is designed in such a way that a positive connection of the hardened material with the first element can be loaded with a tensile force perpendicular to a surface of the first element, in which surface the recess is arranged.
  • a wooden ceiling supported by reinforced concrete beams can be easily achieved, with the first element designed as a wooden ceiling and arranged on an underside of the composite element via a form fit formed by the cross section from the second element designed as a reinforced concrete beam and positioned on a non-visible upper side will be carried.
  • stability is also ensured when the hardened material shrinks slightly during hardening.
  • Such a cross section of the recess can be achieved in a wide variety of ways. As a rule, a so-called dovetail-shaped cross section is used.
  • the first element is formed by providing at least two partial elements which are connected to form the first element, the partial elements being connected in particular via a connecting element, preferably a mandrel, which is connected at a first end to a first partial element and connected at a second end to a second sub-member and extending through the recess.
  • a connecting element preferably a mandrel
  • a reinforcement is then positioned in the cavity, usually adjacent the mandrel, and the cavity filled with the hardenable material.
  • the hardenable material encloses the mandrel and thus forms a connection with the mandrel upon hardening first element over the mandrel, which has a high shear strength.
  • a connection between the mandrel and the first element or the sub-elements forming the first element that is suitable for the transmission of high forces can be made by a form-fitting connection, for example by making bores in the sub-elements into which the mandrel protrudes.
  • the partial elements can also only be connected via the mandrel, so that the partial elements are spaced apart by the recess.
  • the mandrel which can also be referred to as a shear mandrel, ensures a stable connection between the first element and the hardened material, both in a longitudinal direction and vertically or perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the recess.
  • the connecting element is preferably designed as a mandrel with an approximately circular cross-section and a diameter of approximately 10 mm to 20 mm, the connecting element can of course also have other shapes and cross-sections in order to create a connection between the first element and the hardened material that is stable in several directions form.
  • the connecting element usually protrudes partially into the recess, is fixed in the first element and consists of a material with a higher strength than the material of the first element or a higher strength than wood.
  • the connecting element preferably consists of a metal or a fiber composite material.
  • the method according to the invention can be implemented industrially with a high degree of automation, for example in a precast plant. It is therefore favorable in a method for the production of a building if a composite element produced in a method according to the invention is used in order to achieve an advantageous and process-reliable production.
  • a connection of the composite element to other components of a housing can be produced in a wide variety of ways.
  • a high degree of flexibility with regard to different application or connection options is achieved in a simple manner if the recess in a precast plant is filled with curable material in a first step, which hardens in the recess, after which the composite element is transported to a construction site and to other components adjacent is arranged, after which in a second step further hardenable material is applied to a part of the reinforcement projecting out of the recess, so that the composite element is connected to the other components via the second hardenable material when this hardenable material hardens.
  • concrete is used as the hardenable material.
  • a concrete applied on the construction site is also referred to as in-situ concrete or also as top-up concrete if the concrete is applied in the second step to a concrete that was introduced into the recess in the first step.
  • hardenable material for connecting the reinforcement to the first element is introduced into the recess at the factory or in advance, and the reinforcement protruding from the recess is connected to other components of the building at the construction site by means of further hardened material.
  • the hardenable material, which is introduced into the recess at the factory can correspond to that which is used on the construction site. However, different curing materials can also be used.
  • a connection to other components on the construction site can be achieved on the one hand via a reinforcement, which is connected to the reinforcement of the second element by means of hardenable material, usually in-situ concrete, brought in at the construction site. Furthermore, the connection can be made by means of a form fit via the in-situ concrete or topping.
  • the building can be produced without concreting on site if all the curable material is applied in advance, for example in a precast plant, after which the composite element is transported to a construction site on which the composite element is connected to other components of the building essentially without using a water-containing building material is connected.
  • This enables the production of a building, in which composite elements designed according to the invention are provided, for example as wood-concrete composite elements, in a dry construction method, which can therefore be implemented particularly quickly and independently of the weather.
  • the further object is achieved by a composite element of the type mentioned, in which the at least one second element protrudes at least partially from a recess of the first element and in the recess with a positive fit first element is connected, wherein the composite element is produced in particular in a method according to the invention.
  • the form-fitting connection between the first element and the second element, which has a hardened material means that the composite element can be manufactured in advance in a cost-effective and reliable manner, for example in one finished product! possible.
  • the composite element has a high strength with an attractive appearance, even if the first element does not consist of a high-strength material.
  • the recess generally has a constant cross section in the first element extending along a straight line.
  • a cross section of the recess is usually designed in such a way that a positive connection of the hardened material to the first element can be loaded with a tensile force perpendicular to a surface of the first element in which surface the recess is arranged.
  • the composite element can advantageously be used to form ceilings of a building if the composite element has a visually appealing first element of low strength and a load-bearing second element of high strength.
  • a wooden ceiling supported by one or more reinforced concrete beams can be formed in a particularly simple manner.
  • Such a cross section can be formed in a wide variety of ways.
  • a cross section that can be loaded with a tensile force can usually be achieved in a simple manner if a distance between side surfaces of a cross section of the recess increases at least in regions with increasing distance from a surface in which the recess is arranged. This ensures a form-fitting power transmission even if the hardened material shrinks slightly during hardening, for example.
  • the recess has a dovetail cross section.
  • the recess can then be automated in a simple manner by means of milling and formed with high accuracy. It has proven itself that the first element essentially consists of wood, in particular of several single-layer boards glued crosswise. Wood has proven to be advantageous in buildings, since this material can be used to achieve an attractive appearance on the one hand and a pleasant indoor climate on the other. So far, the formation of a wooden ceiling in a building with load-bearing reinforced concrete beams was only possible with great effort, in that an intermediate ceiling made of wood was subsequently applied or hung on a concrete ceiling.
  • a wooden ceiling can be formed simultaneously with the formation of a load-bearing part of the building, in that the composite elements according to the invention are designed with a first element designed as a wooden ceiling and second elements designed as reinforced concrete beams.
  • the second elements are elongate or in the form of a carrier and are designed with an approximately constant cross section along a longitudinal extension.
  • the first element can in particular contain one or more of the materials solid wood, glued laminated timber, glued laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber, plywood, building beech, single or multi-layer OSB boards, in particular Magnum Board, or consist of one of these materials.
  • the wooden ceiling Due to the form-fitting connection between the wooden ceiling and the reinforced concrete beam, the wooden ceiling can also take on a load-bearing function, so that the strength of the reinforced concrete beam can be correspondingly reduced.
  • in-situ concrete applied on site can also have a load-bearing effect and contribute to the strength of the building. This in turn results in a reduced weight and thus lower material costs.
  • the first element has several single-layer panels glued crosswise or is designed as a so-called cross-laminated timber panel, both an attractive appearance and a certain contribution to the overall load-bearing capacity of the composite element can be achieved with the first element.
  • the reinforcement In order to achieve high strength and stability, it has proven advantageous for the reinforcement to be in the form of a lattice girder, with two lower chords and one upper chord being provided and the lower chords being positioned in the recess. This can open a high moment of inertia and thus a high strength and rigidity of the second element or of the entire composite element can be achieved in a simple manner.
  • the recess has a variable cross-section along its length. This results in a so-called thrust cam made of hardened material in the recess, through which a form fit is formed in the longitudinal direction with the first element, so that it is also possible to transmit forces in the longitudinal direction. This achieves a connection between the first element or wood and the hardened material or concrete with high shear strength or high flexural rigidity and strength.
  • Such composite elements can advantageously be used in particular for lightweight components with which large spans can be bridged with little deflection, for example ceilings of halls or the like.
  • the recess is usually elongate and closed at the side. On the one hand, this ensures simple manufacturability. On the other hand, as a result, for example, a plurality of recesses can be arranged approximately in parallel in a composite element, which are filled sequentially without curable material flowing from one recess into an adjacent recess.
  • a cross section that is discontinuous over a length of a usually elongate and laterally closed recess can be formed in a wide variety of ways.
  • the recess is advantageously configured with tapering side edges, at least in regions, in order to enable particularly good transmission of shearing forces.
  • rectangular or round thrust cams can also be provided in order to enable forces to be easily transmitted in the longitudinal direction.
  • two to ten thrust cams are provided along a length of the recess.
  • the recess advantageously extends over a large part of the length of the composite element, preferably over more than 70%, in particular more than 80%. a length of the composite element.
  • the recess usually extends essentially over the entire length of the composite element. Normally, the recess runs approximately along a straight line.
  • the reinforcement has two lower chords, which are positioned in the recess, with a distance between the lower chords along a length of the recess not being constant.
  • the lower chords can then be at a distance from one another which, in the case of a recess formed along a longitudinal direction with a discontinuous cross section, increases and decreases almost synchronously with an increase and a decrease. This achieves a particularly shear-resistant connection between the hardened material and the recess.
  • a distance between the lower chords is greater, at least in some areas, than a minimum distance from side edges of the recess. This ensures in a simple manner that material hardened in the recess cannot be displaced along the recess, so that a shear-resistant connection is provided.
  • the lower chords are at an angle to one another, at least in regions, in a top view, in particular at an angle of 1 degree to 170 degrees, preferably 10 degrees to 45 degrees.
  • the lower chords can then be designed in particular to correspond with thrust cams, so that a distance between side edges of the recess can be approximately constant for the lower chord lying closest to the respective side edge. This ensures high flexural strength with low weight.
  • the recess has wider and narrower areas along a longitudinal direction, in particular shear cams, with a metal part connected to the reinforcement, in particular a steel bracket, being provided in the recess, which extends into the broader areas. It is particularly preferably provided that the metal part follows a contour of a side edge of the recess at least in regions, in particular is approximately parallel to the side edge of the recess in regions.
  • a steel bracket is positioned in the recess, which is aligned at least in some areas at an angle of 45 degrees to 135 degrees, in particular 80 degrees to 100 degrees, to a longitudinal direction of the recess and is connected to the lower chords of the reinforcement.
  • the steel bracket can thus in particular ensure a distance between the lower chords, so that a local widening of the lower chords or a locally larger distance between the lower chords can be mechanically stabilized by means of the steel bracket.
  • a connecting element in particular a mandrel, is rigidly connected to the first element and partially protrudes into the recess, the connecting element preferably being connected to the first element on two sides and hardened in the recess material is surrounded.
  • the connecting element designed as a mandrel is positively connected both to the first element and to the hardened material.
  • the hardened material is thus positively connected to the first element via the mandrel, both in the longitudinal direction for the transmission of shear forces and in the vertical direction.
  • the first element is designed as a wooden element and the hardened material is designed as a concrete beam above the wooden element, this results on the one hand in a load-bearing connection in the vertical direction, with the wooden element being carried by the concrete beam via the mandrel, and on the other hand a composite element with high shear strength and flexural strength , since both the timber element and the concrete beam contribute to the stiffness.
  • the composite element is also particularly suitable for large spans or as a self-supporting component.
  • the mandrel usually extends through the recess and is connected at the end on opposite sides of the recess to the first element, generally in a form-fitting manner.
  • the reinforcement can be designed in a wide variety of ways, for example as a metal element, in particular as a steel element.
  • the reinforcement is designed as textile reinforcement, in particular with glass or carbon fibers.
  • the reinforcement can be designed as a grid-like textile reinforcement in order to achieve high strength with low weight.
  • Such a textile reinforcement is generally thin and flexible, so that small and/or twisted composite elements with a narrow recess can also be produced.
  • the hardened material can be formed in a wide variety of ways.
  • the hardened material essentially consists of concrete, in particular fiber concrete, preferably micro-fiber concrete.
  • a flat element as a composite element according to the invention when constructing a building, it has proven to be advantageous for a plurality of second elements to be connected to the first element, with the second elements being connected to the first element via a plurality of recesses. A high rigidity and strength of the composite element is then achieved by the plurality of second elements.
  • the first element can be formed as a visually appealing element with low strength, for example as a wooden deck or the like.
  • the recesses are approximately parallel and preferably regularly spaced. As a result, uneven deformations are avoided in a simple manner.
  • a composite element according to the invention can be manufactured industrially and thus inexpensively and with high process reliability. It is therefore advantageous in a building with a composite element if the composite element is designed according to the invention.
  • the composite element according to the invention can be designed in a simple manner such that the first element is designed to be visually appealing and of low strength, while a required strength and rigidity is provided by the second element, which essentially supports the first element. It is therefore favorable when the first element forms a ceiling of an interior space, which in the Substantially supported by at least a second element.
  • the first element is then usually made of wood, preferably cross-laminated timber, in particular made of single-layer boards glued crosswise. In this case, the single-layer panels glued crosswise can also contribute to the stability of the building, although this is not necessary.
  • the second element is positioned above the first element.
  • the second element is usually designed as a load-bearing element, which usually consists of reinforced concrete.
  • the first element is thus carried by the second element via the form fit or hangs on a support of the building formed by the second element.
  • the at least one second element is designed, for example, in the form of an I-beam.
  • a building can thus be formed in a simple manner in which load-bearing elements are formed by reinforced concrete components such as reinforced concrete beams, with a wooden ceiling hanging from reinforced concrete beams of a ceiling at a lower end, which forms a first element of a composite element according to the invention.
  • the at least one second element can contain a steel girder.
  • reinforcement such as a lattice girder embedded in the concrete of the second element may also be sufficient.
  • the second element is connected to the first element at a lower end and to a floor of a floor arranged above it at an upper end.
  • the second element usually forms a reinforced concrete beam, on which a ceiling of a room below hangs or is connected via the form fit and on which a floor of a room above is positioned at the top. If the second element is designed, for example, as an I-shaped beam, a space between the second element can be used for a heat-insulating material or for routing installation lines, for example.
  • the second elements which are preferably elongate and designed as a carrier, perpendicular to a longitudinal extension be attached to the same openings through which cables can be routed.
  • the second element is usually connected to the floor with an elastic adhesive.
  • pipes are positioned in the second element in order to enable the building to be heated or cooled by the composite element.
  • the pipes can also be arranged in the second element beforehand when the composite element is produced, so that underfloor heating and/or cooling can also be formed at very low cost and with high process reliability.
  • a stable construction of the building is achieved in a simple manner if the second element is designed as a beam which is supported at the end, preferably by side walls.
  • the side walls can be made of a wide variety of materials, for example bricks or concrete.
  • the composite element is mounted on side walls which essentially consist of wood, in particular of several single-layer boards glued crosswise.
  • a building with wooden walls and a wooden ceiling and wooden walls can be achieved in a simple way, which has a high level of stability due to the use of reinforced concrete and at the same time can be produced cost-effectively and reliably and has an attractive appearance.
  • FIG. 2 shows part of a ceiling of a building with a composite element according to FIG. 1; 3 shows a further composite element according to the invention;
  • FIG. 4 shows a ceiling of a building with a composite element according to FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 1 shows a composite element 1 according to the invention in a sectional view.
  • a first element 2 is formed by a cross-laminated timber panel 14, which has five cross-glued single-layer panels made of wood.
  • a recess 5 is provided in the plate-shaped first element 2, with a cross-section of the recess 5 having side surfaces 19 in an upper region, which have an increasing distance from one another with increasing distance from a surface 10 in which the recess 5 is arranged.
  • Such a cross section is also called a dovetail cross section and is generally introduced into the first element 2 by means of milling.
  • a lattice girder 6 which projects out of the recess 5 and has two lower chords 12 and an upper chord 11 is fixed in the recess 5 by means of concrete 4 as the hardenable material.
  • the composite element 1 shown in FIG. 1 can be fully automated in the factory or in a precast plant and can be produced with high process reliability.
  • a corresponding recess 5 is milled into the cross-laminated timber panel 14 or the first element 2, after which the lattice girder 6 is positioned in the recess 5 and the recess 5 is filled with concrete 4 in order to fix the lattice girder 6 in the recess 5.
  • Due to the dovetail-shaped cross section of the Recess 5 results in a form fit between the second element 3 formed by the concrete 4 and the lattice girder 6 and the first element 2, which can also be loaded by a tensile force perpendicular to the surface 10.
  • the composite element 1 according to the invention can be used, for example, to form a ceiling 13 when the second element 3 is supported at the end, so that the first element 2 hangs on the second element 3 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of a ceiling 13 of a building, which is formed with a composite element 1 shown in FIG.
  • the cross-laminated timber panel 14 forms a wooden ceiling in which several roughly parallel and regularly spaced dovetail-shaped recesses 5 are positioned.
  • a lattice girder 6 is arranged in each of the dovetail-shaped recesses 5 and is positively connected to the cross-laminated timber panel 14 via concrete 4 .
  • the lattice girders 6 with the concrete 4 arranged in the recesses 5 thus form girders to which the cross laminated timber panel 14 is fastened via the dovetail cross section.
  • displacement bodies 30 embodied as precast concrete parts 9 and having a U-shaped cross section are positioned.
  • the displacement bodies 30 serve as a bearing surface for a floor 16 of a room arranged above.
  • the displacement bodies 30 form a formwork, so that on a construction site, in-situ concrete or top-up concrete 27 can be poured onto parts of the lattice girders 6 protruding from the recess 5 in order to cover the cross-laminated timber panel 14 over the concrete 4, the lattice girder 6 and the in-situ concrete or top-up concrete 27 to connect with the precast concrete parts 9, so that a stable ceiling 13 is formed.
  • Cavities in the precast concrete parts 9 are used here for piping 18 in order to route lines 29 such as installation lines.
  • a ceiling 13 shown in FIG. 2 can be produced on a construction site with very little concreting effort, since only top concrete 27 has to be applied to the parts of the lattice girders 6 protruding from the recess 5, while all other parts are prefabricated be able. This makes it possible to produce a building with a very high degree of prefabrication.
  • a self-supporting ceiling 13 is achieved in a simple manner, which has a visually appealing bottom view made of wood and reinforced concrete beams.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further composite element 1 according to the invention, which is usually completely manufactured in advance in a prefabricated parts plant, in that formwork is positioned above and to the side of the recess 5 , after which the lattice girder 6 is completely cast in concrete 4 .
  • a composite element 1 designed in this way concreting on a construction site is no longer necessary, which is why, for example, a ceiling 13 can be produced entirely in dry construction.
  • recesses 24 are provided in the concrete 4, through which lines 29 can also be guided transversely to a longitudinal extension of the carrier made of concrete 4 or reinforced concrete, the carriers usually being of elongated design and project from one side wall 7 of a building to a next side wall 7 of the building.
  • Such a ceiling 13 is shown in FIG. 4, for example.
  • a ceiling 13 there is also a cavity 21 between a top side of a floor 16 of a floor of a building and a bottom side of a ceiling 13 of a floor below, in which cavity 21 piping 18, for example, can be positioned.
  • tubes 20 are arranged on or in a fibrous mat 22 in order to be able to heat or cool an interior space.
  • the second elements 3 made of concrete 4 or reinforced concrete designed as supports have recesses 24 here, so that lines 29 can also be laid transversely or perpendicularly to a direction in which the supports run.
  • the first element 2 is designed as a wooden cover, which consists of single-layer panels glued crosswise and has a thickness of about 100 mm.
  • a connection between a bottom 16 positioned above the second elements 3 and the second elements 3 takes place here via an elastic adhesive 17, as a result of which vibrations are reduced. As a result, favorable sound insulation is achieved.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a composite element 1 according to the invention, thermal insulation 8 being arranged between the first element 2 and the second element 3 .
  • a composite element 1 is usually produced by forming a composite element 1 according to FIG. 1 in a first step, after which the thermal insulation 8 is positioned adjacent to the recess 5 on the first element 2, which is also designed here as a cross laminated timber panel 14, after which concrete 27 is applied, which Lattice girder 6-trained reinforcement and thermal insulation 8 covered.
  • the thermal insulation 8 is fixed in a form-fitting manner by the hardened top concrete 27 and is thus connected to the cross-laminated timber panel 14 and the second element 3 formed by the concrete 4 and lattice girder 6 .
  • a wood-concrete composite panel formed in this way can advantageously be used as a heat-insulating ceiling 13 in a building without the need for on-site concreting.
  • Fig. 6 shows a composite element 1 according to FIG are also included in the topping 27, which is applied in the second step after the displacement body 30 has been positioned.
  • the displacement body 30 can of course be designed in a wide variety of ways, for example in order to achieve certain physical properties such as soundproofing, thermal insulation 8 or a particularly high level of stability.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further composite element 1 according to the invention, in which an area above the first element 2, which is also designed here as a cross-laminated timber panel 14, is completely filled with topping concrete 27.
  • a transverse reinforcement 28 is also provided in this case in order to achieve particularly high strength of the composite element 1 or a ceiling 13 of a building.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a ceiling 13 of a building with a composite element 1 according to the invention as shown in FIG. 3 in a sectional view.
  • a floor 16 of an overlying storey is formed by prefabricated slabs 23, usually prefabricated concrete slabs, which are connected via an elastic adhesive 17 to the second element 3 designed as a reinforced concrete beam in order to reduce vibrations.
  • pipes 20 are arranged in a bulk material 31, usually a bulk material 31 available under the name Liapor Ground, so that the ceiling 13 can be used for heating or cooling purposes.
  • the bulk material 31 is in this case arranged between the prefabricated panels 23 and the first element 2, which is designed as a cross-laminated timber panel 14, in order to achieve favorable structural properties.
  • Fig. 10 shows a section of another ceiling 13 with a composite element 1 according to the invention.
  • the ceiling 13 shown in Fig. 10 contains a second element 3 with reinforcement, which has four lower chords 12 and three upper chords 11, which are supported by steel elements, not shown, of the lattice girder 6 are connected. This achieves a very high level of strength, so that a large span can be achieved even with a low slab thickness.
  • floor elements designed as prefabricated panels 23 are provided, on which a floor covering 32 is positioned.
  • a connection is also made here via an elastic adhesive 17 in order to reduce vibrations.
  • FIG. 10 Another embodiment is shown in FIG. In contrast to the ceiling 13 shown in FIG. 10, the floor 16 of this ceiling 13 is formed by single-layer panels glued crosswise or a cross-laminated timber panel 14 and a floor covering 32.
  • Fig. 12 shows a section of a ceiling 13 with a composite element 1 according to the invention, in which the composite element 1 is mounted on a side wall 7 formed by a cross-laminated timber panel 14, in a sectional view through a second element 3 designed as a carrier.
  • the second element 3 protrudes partially into the side wall 7, so that forces from the ceiling 13 or the floor 16 can be transmitted to the side wall 7 and dissipated via the second element 3 designed as a support.
  • the first element which is also designed as a wooden ceiling here, is carried by the second element 3 or hangs on the second element 3.
  • Fig. 13 shows another section through the ceiling 13 shown in Fig. 12 in an area between two second elements 3 or between two second elements 3.
  • the first element 2, designed as a wooden ceiling protrudes into the side wall 7 in this area.
  • FIG. 14 shows another ceiling 13 of a building with a composite element 1 according to the invention.
  • pipes 20 for heating or cooling are arranged above the second elements 3 in concrete slabs 33 in order to ensure efficient heat transfer.
  • FIG. 15 shows an area in which a ceiling 13 of a building rests on side walls 7, the side walls 7 thereby being formed of masonry 25 or bricks.
  • the first element 2 designed as a wooden ceiling protrudes into the side wall 7.
  • a connection between the ceiling 13 and the side wall 7 also takes place via the second elements 3 designed as reinforced concrete beams.
  • Between the ceiling 13 and the masonry 25 there is an elastic Material arranged to achieve shell decoupling.
  • a space between the masonry 25 and the composite element 1 is filled with a casting concrete 26.
  • FIG. 16 shows a further composite element 1 according to the invention, wherein the recess 5 has a variable cross section along a longitudinal direction 39, so that thrust cams are formed in the recess.
  • the projecting and subsequently tapering side edges 38 of the recess 5 form a thrust cam 37 on a surface 10 of the first element 2 for the transmission of forces in the longitudinal direction 39 between the first element 2 and hardened concrete 4 in the recess 5.
  • a recess 5 shown in Fig. 16 with a dovetail-shaped cross-section and additional thrust cams 37 can be produced, for example, by making a dovetail-shaped milling along the longitudinal direction 39 in the first element 2, which is usually made of wood, preferably laminated veneer lumber, in particular building beech, after which the Thrust cam 37 are introduced, for example milled.
  • the thrust cams 37 can thereby a in the vertical direction or have a constant cross-section in a direction perpendicular to the surface 10 of the first element 2 .
  • FIG. 17 shows a composite element 1 shown in FIG. 16 or a first element 2 of a corresponding composite element 1 in a plan view.
  • positive connections between the first element 2 and the concrete 4 are formed at several positions by the six approximately arrow-shaped thrust cams 37, so that shear forces can be easily transmitted and a high degree of flexural rigidity and flexural strength is achieved.
  • Six arrow-shaped thrust cams 37 are provided, with three thrust cams 37 being oriented along the longitudinal direction and three thrust cams being oriented counter to the longitudinal direction, so that a plurality of thrust cams 37 being oriented in opposite directions are arranged in the recess 5 in order to enable a uniformly good transmission of forces along the longitudinal direction 39 .
  • an orientation of the arrow-shaped thrust cams 37 is advantageously chosen such that the thrust cams 37 taper towards a center of the composite element 1 in a top view or the arrow-shaped thrust cams 37 point to a center of the composite element 1 .
  • This enables optimal stress distribution in the wood and in the concrete 4 when the first element 2 is designed as a wooden element and the hardened material is designed as a concrete 4 .
  • FIG. 18 shows another composite element 1 according to the invention or a first element 2 of a corresponding composite element 1 in a top view, with the thrust cams 37 being approximately rectangular in shape. It goes without saying that other shapes of the thrust cams 37 are also possible. Furthermore, the corners of the thrust cams 37 can of course also be rounded to avoid stress peaks.
  • a cross section of the composite elements 1 shown in FIGS. 16 to 18 thus changes along the longitudinal direction 39, the cross section also being
  • Dovetail cross section can be formed.
  • a depth of the cross section or a distance of a lower edge of the cross section from the surface 10 of the first element 2 usually remains approximately constant over a length of the recess 5 or along the longitudinal direction 39 .
  • 19 and 20 show other devices according to the invention Composite elements 1 in a sectional view.
  • a positive connection between the first element 2 and the concrete 4 is not achieved via a cross section of the recess 5 with tapering side surfaces 19 but via a connecting element designed as a mandrel, which is also referred to as a shear mandrel 34 .
  • the shear pin 34 which is usually made of a high-strength material such as metal, in particular steel, or a fiber material such as glass fiber or a fiber composite material, is positively connected to the first element 2 by the shear pin 34, which can have a diameter of 16 mm, for example, in bores 40 is positioned in the first element 2.
  • the concrete 4 encloses the shear mandrel 34 so that a load-bearing connection between the concrete 4 and the first element 2 is achieved both in the longitudinal direction 39 and perpendicular to a surface 10 of the first element 2 or in the vertical direction. Reinforcement is also provided here in the concrete 4 , which in the example shown has lower chords 12 and an upper chord 11 and is connected to a transverse reinforcement 28 .
  • the composite element 1 shown in FIG. 20 essentially corresponds to the composite element 1 shown in FIG. 20 .
  • the thrust mandrel 34 is positioned in a bore 40 in the first sub-element 35, after which the second sub-element 36 is moved to the first sub-element 35, with the thrust mandrel 34 being inserted into a bore 40 in the second sub-element 36.
  • the first partial element 35 is connected to the second partial element 36 .
  • the thrust mandrel 34 is positively connected to the first partial element 35 and the second partial element 36 in all directions.
  • the reinforcement is then placed in the recess 5, the recess 5 is filled with concrete 4 and the partial elements 35, 36 are connected. This results in a connection that is stable in all directions between the first element 2 and the hardened material.
  • the cross section of the recess 5 is rectangular.
  • a dovetail-shaped cross section is not required here for the transmission of forces in the vertical direction, since vertical forces can also be transmitted via the connecting element designed as a shear pin 34 .
  • the cross-section of the recess 5 can in principle be of any desired design, in particular also in the form of a dovetail.
  • the recess 5 has an arrow-shaped area in which the reinforcement is positioned, which reinforcement here also has an upper chord, a lower chord and a lattice girder.
  • a metal part formed by a steel bracket 41 which, as shown, extends into the arrow-shaped area of the recess 5, which area here forms a local widening of the recess 5, in order to ensure a particularly good connection between the first element 2, which is also formed here essentially by a wooden panel, and to achieve the second element 3, which is still to be formed here, for the transmission of shear forces.
  • this composite element like the one shown in FIG.
  • the steel bracket 41 extends in some areas along the sloping side edges 38 of the arrow-shaped area of the recess 5 and the sloping areas of the steel bracket 41 are connected by a part of the steel bracket 41 oriented approximately normal to a longitudinal direction 39 of the recess 5 .
  • the lower chords 12 of the reinforcement could of course also extend into the broadening or into the arrow-shaped area.
  • All illustrated exemplary embodiments of composite elements 1 can be produced partially or completely in a precast plant or completely on site and are in combination with piping 18, insulating materials,
  • Displacement bodies 30 and prefabricated slabs 23 can be used to form structures of all kinds. When using composite elements according to the invention, there is therefore a high degree of flexibility.
  • a wooden ceiling can be formed in a building in a particularly cost-effective and process-reliable manner.
  • visually appealing ceilings 13 can be formed at low cost and without concreting on site, even in buildings that have reinforced concrete elements as load-bearing parts.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un élément composite (1). Selon l'invention, afin de produire efficacement un élément composite (1) ayant une capacité de support de charge élevée, un premier élément (2) présentant un évidement (5) est fourni, une armature faisant partiellement saillie à partir de l'évidement (5) est positionné dans l'évidement (5), puis l'évidement (5) est rempli d'un matériau durcissable, plus particulièrement de béton (4), et ledit matériau durcissable durcit dans l'évidement (5) et forme ainsi un second élément (3), de telle sorte que le renforcement est relié par complémentarité de forme au premier élément (2) au moyen du matériau durci. L'invention concerne également un élément composite (1) doté d'un premier élément (2) présentant un évidement (5) et d'au moins un second élément (3) qui est relié au premier élément (2) et comprend un matériau durci et un renforcement.
EP21726032.2A 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément composite et élément composite Active EP4334541B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP24217500.8A EP4497890A3 (fr) 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément composite et élément composite

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/AT2021/060158 WO2022232851A1 (fr) 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément composite et élément composite

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP24217500.8A Division EP4497890A3 (fr) 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément composite et élément composite

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4334541A1 true EP4334541A1 (fr) 2024-03-13
EP4334541C0 EP4334541C0 (fr) 2024-12-25
EP4334541B1 EP4334541B1 (fr) 2024-12-25

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EP24217500.8A Pending EP4497890A3 (fr) 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément composite et élément composite
EP21726032.2A Active EP4334541B1 (fr) 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément composite et élément composite

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP24217500.8A Pending EP4497890A3 (fr) 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément composite et élément composite

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EP (2) EP4497890A3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022232851A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1010564A (fr) * 1948-09-10 1952-06-12 Procédé de fabrication de poutres ou de plafonds en béton et poutres ou plafonds réalisés d'après ce procédé
FR2780427B1 (fr) * 1998-06-30 2002-09-06 Georges Deperraz Poutre mixte bois-beton pour la construction et l'ouvrage d'art
FR2876718B1 (fr) * 2004-10-19 2009-01-23 Claude Blouet Coffrage bois d'armature de poutre de plancher beton
AT518496B1 (de) * 2016-04-13 2021-12-15 Hans Ulrich Terkl Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundelementes sowie Verbundelement

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WO2022232851A1 (fr) 2022-11-10
EP4497890A3 (fr) 2025-03-05
EP4497890A2 (fr) 2025-01-29
EP4334541C0 (fr) 2024-12-25
EP4334541B1 (fr) 2024-12-25

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