EP4339512A1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, appareil de régulation et de commande, appareil de chauffage et utilisation d'une vitesse de rotation détectée - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, appareil de régulation et de commande, appareil de chauffage et utilisation d'une vitesse de rotation détectée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4339512A1
EP4339512A1 EP23197371.0A EP23197371A EP4339512A1 EP 4339512 A1 EP4339512 A1 EP 4339512A1 EP 23197371 A EP23197371 A EP 23197371A EP 4339512 A1 EP4339512 A1 EP 4339512A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion air
heater
temperature sensor
flame temperature
mass flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP23197371.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4339512B1 (fr
Inventor
Marco Hahn
Tim Nettingsmeier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP4339512A1 publication Critical patent/EP4339512A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4339512B1 publication Critical patent/EP4339512B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/022—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/08—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems
    • F23N3/082—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity
    • F23N2225/30—Measuring humidity measuring lambda
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a heater, a computer program, a regulating and control device, a heater and the use of a detected speed.
  • a large number of heating devices which feed and burn a combustion mixture of a fuel, in particular a fuel gas such as natural gas or hydrogen, conveyed by a conveyor and use the resulting heat to supply a building.
  • a fuel in particular a fuel gas such as natural gas or hydrogen
  • These heaters usually have a control of the composition of the combustion mixture and thus the combustion air ratio (also referred to as lambda or air ratio).
  • the combustion air ratio also referred to as lambda or air ratio.
  • one or more flame monitoring signals are generally used, which on the one hand monitor the presence of a flame on the burner and, on the other hand, can also be used to regulate the combustion air ratio.
  • temperature sensors for measuring flame temperature can be subject to sensor drift, i.e. a slow change in the signal under the same measurement conditions.
  • sensor drift When used to control the combustion air ratio, a sensor drift can lead a control into an unsafe area, for example a combustion mixture with too high a proportion of fuel (hydrogen) with a combustion air ratio (lambda) ⁇ ⁇ 1, i.e. a rich combustion mixture.
  • a sensor drift can be monitored, for example, using a parallel lambda sensor.
  • lambda sensors are expensive and the heater must also be structurally modified.
  • the DE 10 2004 030 300 A1 describes a method for setting an operating parameter of a combustion device, in which a mixing ratio of the supplied air-gas mixture is set based on a maximum of the temperature generated by the combustion device.
  • the process only allows for indirect control of the mixing ratio.
  • unsafe operating conditions can occur.
  • the object of the invention to propose a method for operating a heater, a computer program, a control and control device and a heater that at least partially overcome the described problems of the prior art.
  • the invention is intended to enable a check of a sensor signal from a temperature sensor for controlling a combustion mixture of a heater, in particular a heater powered by hydrogen.
  • the method should be suitable for being carried out at least partially automatically and require as few structural changes as possible compared to a heater according to the prior art.
  • Steps a), b), c) and d) can be carried out at least once in the specified order.
  • steps a) to d) can be carried out at regular intervals (hourly or minute) during operation of a heater.
  • the method serves in particular to check a signal from a flame temperature sensor and/or a set combustion air ratio of the combustion mixture.
  • the heater can include at least one heat generator, in particular a gas condensing boiler, which releases heat energy by burning a fuel and can transfer it to a heating circuit via at least one heat exchanger, whereby consumers of the heating circuit can be connected to the heater via a flow and a return.
  • the exhaust gases produced during combustion can be fed to an exhaust system via an exhaust duct of the heater.
  • a circulation pump can be set up in the heating circuit to circulate a heat transfer medium (heating water), with heat transfer medium heated via a heating flow being supplied to consumers, such as convectors or surface heaters, and being returned to the heat generator or the at least one heat exchanger via a heating return.
  • the heater can have a conveyor device, in particular a fan, which can supply a combustion mixture of combustion air and fuel (hydrogen) to a burner of the heater.
  • the conveyor device can include a power control, in particular a speed controller.
  • the heater can form a pneumatic gas-air combination, in which a mass flow of combustion air provided via a gas supply is added to a mass flow of combustion air corresponding to a negative pressure (control pressure) of a throttle point, such as a Venturi nozzle, so that a can set a predefined (predetermined) combustion air ratio (air ratio, lambda).
  • the heater can alternatively have an electronic gas-air system, in which a signal from a flame monitoring system can be used to draw conclusions about the flames and the combustion air ratio (also referred to as lambda or air ratio), so that the same can be regulated.
  • the heater can in particular be set up to burn hydrogen as fuel or a mixture containing hydrogen.
  • the mixture can have a content of at least 80% or at least 90% hydrogen.
  • the heater can also have flame monitoring.
  • This can include a flame temperature sensor that is set up to detect a flame temperature or a temperature that provides an indication of the flame temperature (burner or housing temperature).
  • the flame temperature sensor is arranged in or in the immediate vicinity of the flame of the heater.
  • any temperature sensor can be used to record the flame temperature of the heater.
  • a resistance-based temperature sensor for example a thermistor (NTC) or thermistor (PTC), a platinum or silicon measuring resistor, or even a semiconductor temperature sensor can be used.
  • the temperature sensor can be an ignition device, in particular a hot surface igniter (HSI) of the heater.
  • HSA hot surface igniter
  • the supplied mass flow of fuel gas (and thus the opening position of the gas valve) can be constant during the implementation of steps a) to c). remain so that a change (increase in the combustion air ratio ⁇ ) results when carrying out step c). This can advantageously ensure that the heater does not result in unsafe operating states while carrying out a method proposed here.
  • the heater can be in operation and a control of the heater can set a combustion air ratio based on a detected flame temperature.
  • no modulation of the heater i.e. no change in the operating point, should take place or should have taken place at a short time interval beforehand, so that the heater has a state that is as stationary as possible.
  • an operating point and associated operating parameters of the heater can be detected.
  • An associated operating parameter of the heater is in particular a temperature of the flame temperature sensor or a temperature which is determined using the flame temperature sensor.
  • Step a) can in particular be carried out by a control and control device of the heater, in particular recorded operating parameters being stored in a memory of the control and control device.
  • the conveyor device can in particular be a fan and a power of the conveyor device can be a speed of the same.
  • the flame temperature sensor can be heated.
  • the flame temperature sensor can be heated by a predetermined temperature difference.
  • the flame temperature sensor can be heated using electrical energy. Heating by a predetermined temperature difference can be carried out in particular by heating the flame temperature sensor with a predetermined electrical power. The (current) temperature of the flame temperature sensor can be further recorded.
  • the supplied mass flow of combustion air can be increased until the temperature of the flame temperature sensor corresponds to the temperature recorded in step a), and the change in the mass flow of combustion air required for this can be recorded.
  • the cooling effect or an effect of the forced convection caused by the mass flow of combustion air can be increased and thus the flame temperature sensor can be cooled.
  • a required change in the power of the conveyor device is thus detected, which is required to cool the flame temperature sensor (heated or supplied with electrical energy) to the temperature detected in step a). Due to different physical properties of fuel and combustion air the change in the performance of the conveying device also depends on the combustion air ratio, so that this can be determined from the determined change in the performance of the conveying device.
  • a mass flow (combustion air, fuel or a mixture of both) can also characterize a volume flow and vice versa. Knowing the density and temperature of the medium, a mass flow can easily be converted into a volume flow and vice versa.
  • a combustion air ratio can now be determined based on the required change in the performance of the conveyor device recorded in step c).
  • a reference context can be used that was empirically determined in advance in (laboratory) tests on a reference heater and assigns a combustion air ratio to a determined required change in the mass flow of combustion air for cooling the flame temperature sensor.
  • the reference context can also be a map depending on a modulation point of the heater.
  • a deviation of the combustion air ratio determined in step d) from the combustion air ratio stored in step a). be compensated.
  • a correction function can be determined which, implemented in the control of the heater, converts a combustion air ratio determined by the flame temperature sensor into a corrected combustion air ratio.
  • the setpoint or actual value of the temperature sensor can be adjusted iteratively in the control according to the deviation to be compensated.
  • a computer program is also proposed which is set up to (at least partially) carry out a method presented here.
  • this applies in particular to a computer program (product), comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause it to carry out a method proposed here.
  • the computer program can in particular be carried out on a control unit of the heater.
  • a machine-readable storage medium on which the computer program is stored is also proposed.
  • the machine-readable storage medium is usually a computer-readable data carrier.
  • a regulating and control device for a heater is also proposed, set up to carry out a method proposed here.
  • the control and control device can, for example, have and/or have a processor.
  • the processor can, for example, execute the method stored in a memory (of the control device).
  • the regulating and control device can in particular be electrically connected to a conveyor device and a flame temperature sensor.
  • recorded or required data are stored, for example an operating point recorded in step a) or associated operating parameters and / or a reference context.
  • a heater having a regulating and control device proposed here.
  • the heater can be a gas heater, in particular a hydrogen-powered gas heater.
  • the gas heater can have a burner and a conveyor device with which a mixture of fuel (hydrogen) and combustion air can be supplied to the burner.
  • the heater can include a flame temperature sensor, which can be arranged on the burner of the heater in such a way that a flame temperature can be detected directly or indirectly.
  • the use of a detected change in speed of a conveyor device of a heater is also proposed, wherein the detected change in speed is required to cool a temperature sensor by a predetermined temperature amount and is used to determine a combustion air ratio of the heater.
  • a method for operating a heater, a computer program, a control and control device, a heater and a use are specified here at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art.
  • the method for operating a heater, the computer program, the control and control device, the heater and the use at least contribute to checking a combustion air ratio determined based on a flame temperature of a heater and, if necessary, compensating for errors in the same.
  • a method proposed here can be carried out in a completely computer-implemented manner and therefore does not require any structural changes to a heater.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example and schematic of the process of a method proposed here.
  • the implementation of steps a), b), c and d) shown with blocks 110, 120, 130 and 140 can be carried out at least once in the specified order in a regular process sequence.
  • the procedure is used to check one with one Flame temperature sensor 13 determined combustion air ratio ( ⁇ ) 27 and, if necessary, a correction thereof.
  • the method can be carried out in particular on a heater 1 that is in operation.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example and schematic of a heater 1 proposed here.
  • This can include a burner 3 arranged in a combustion chamber 8.
  • Combustion air can be sucked in by a conveyor device 2, in particular designed as a fan, via a combustion air supply 4, in which a mass flow sensor can be arranged.
  • the conveyor 2 can be connected to a speed controller 6, which can regulate a speed n of the conveyor 2 by means of a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal.
  • a gas valve 5 can add combustion air to the sucked-in air mass flow of combustion air from a gas supply 14 and can include a safety valve and a gas control valve for controlling the mass flow of fuel gas to be added.
  • the generated mixture of fuel gas and combustion air can flow via a mixture channel 11 to the burner 3 and be ignited there by an ignition device 12 when the heater 1 is started.
  • the burner 3 can have a cylindrical shape, which can be attached with a base to a burner door 15 in such a way that combustion mixture can flow from the mixture channel 11 into the burner 3.
  • the combustion products can be discharged to the outside via an exhaust pipe 9 of the heater and an exhaust system 10.
  • a heat exchanger 16 can also be arranged in the combustion chamber 8, which can transfer heat obtained during combustion to a heat transfer medium circulating in a heating circuit.
  • the heater 1 proposed here can be set up in particular to burn hydrogen.
  • the heater 1 can have a flame temperature sensor 13 in a burner door 15 as a device for flame monitoring.
  • a control and control device 7 can be set up to regulate the heater 1. For this purpose, this can be electrically connected, for example, to the speed controller 6, the conveyor 2, the gas valve 5 and the flame temperature sensor 13.
  • the control and control device 7 can be set up to carry out a method proposed here.
  • Fig. 3 to 6 show parameter curves that can be set when carrying out a method proposed here, a curve of a valve position 17 of the gas valve 5, a speed 18 of the conveyor 2, an electrical power 19 for heating the flame temperature sensor 13, a temperature 20 of the flame temperature sensor 13 and the combustion air ratio 27 in the 3 and 4 for normal operation with a combustion air ratio ( ⁇ ) 27 in a range of approximately 1.35 and in the 5 and 6 with an increased proportion of fuel gas in the combustion mixture and a resulting lower combustion air ratio 27 of approximately 1.15.
  • ⁇ combustion air ratio
  • the flame temperature sensor 13 can be heated.
  • the heating can begin at a first time 21 by the flame temperature sensor 13 is supplied with a power 19 of approximately 5 W [watts] for heating.
  • the temperature 20 of the flame temperature sensor 13 can increase from approximately 900 ° C [degrees Celsius] to 1000 ° C by a temperature change 26.
  • the supplied mass flow of combustion air can be increased until the temperature 20 of the flame temperature sensor 13 corresponds to the temperature 20 recorded in step a), in the present case the temperature 20 at the first time 21 of approximately 900 ° C.
  • a speed 18 of the conveyor device 2 can be increased from a second time 22 until the temperature 20 of the flame temperature sensor 13 is reached at the first time 21 at a third time.
  • the required change in the mass flow of combustion air for cooling the flame temperature sensor 13 to the temperature 20 (of approximately 900 ° C) recorded in step a) can be detected (i.e. a temperature change 26 which corresponds to the heating in step b)), in the present case approx . 100 K [Kelvin]).
  • the corresponding speed change is 25 during normal operation according to 3 and 4 approx. 500 rpm [revolutions per minute] and when operating with a rich combustion mixture with a lower combustion air ratio in the 5 and 6 approx. 625 rpm. It can also be seen that the time period 24 required for cooling the flame temperature sensor 13 in step c) is extended from the first time 21 to the second time 22.
  • a combustion air ratio 27 can be determined based on the change in the mass flow of combustion air recorded in step c), in this case the change in speed 25.
  • first primarily serve (only) to distinguish between several similar objects, sizes or processes, i.e. in particular no dependency and/or order of these objects, sizes or prescribe processes to each other. Should be a dependency and/or order may be required, this is explicitly stated here or it is obvious to the person skilled in the art when studying the specifically described embodiment. To the extent that a component can occur multiple times (“at least one"), the description of one of these components can apply equally to all or part of the majority of these components, but this is not mandatory.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP23197371.0A 2022-09-19 2023-09-14 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, appareil de régulation et de commande, et appareil de chauffage pour la réalisation du procédé Active EP4339512B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022123899.7A DE102022123899A1 (de) 2022-09-19 2022-09-19 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Heizgerätes, Computerprogramm, Regel- und Steuergerät, Heizgerät und Verwendung einer erfassten Drehzahl

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4339512A1 true EP4339512A1 (fr) 2024-03-20
EP4339512B1 EP4339512B1 (fr) 2026-04-29

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EP23197371.0A Active EP4339512B1 (fr) 2022-09-19 2023-09-14 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, appareil de régulation et de commande, et appareil de chauffage pour la réalisation du procédé

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EP (1) EP4339512B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022123899A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102024108228A1 (de) * 2024-03-22 2025-09-25 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Heizgerätes, Heizgerät und Computerprogramm

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3716641C2 (de) * 1986-05-27 1997-10-02 Rinnai Kk Brennervorrichtung
DE102004030300A1 (de) 2004-06-23 2006-01-12 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Einstellung eines Betriebsparameters einer Feuerungseinrichtung und Feuerungseinrichtung
DE102004055716C5 (de) 2004-06-23 2010-02-11 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung einer Feuerungseinrichtung und Feuerungseinrichtung (Elektronischer Verbund I)
ITMI20130013A1 (it) * 2013-01-08 2014-07-09 Nordgas S R L Dispositivo di regolazione e controllo fiamma per bruciatori premiscelati.
US10502418B2 (en) * 2015-03-17 2019-12-10 Intergas Heating Assets B.V. Device and method for mixing combustible gas and combustion air, hot water installation provided therewith, corresponding thermal mass flow sensor and method for measuring a mass flow rate of a gas flow

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012017241A1 (de) * 2012-08-31 2014-03-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ölbrenner sowie Verfahren zur Regelung der Mischzonentemperatur hierzu
DE102012108268A1 (de) * 2012-09-05 2014-03-06 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Erkennung der Gasfamilie sowie Gasbrennvorrichtung

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3716641C2 (de) * 1986-05-27 1997-10-02 Rinnai Kk Brennervorrichtung
DE102004030300A1 (de) 2004-06-23 2006-01-12 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Einstellung eines Betriebsparameters einer Feuerungseinrichtung und Feuerungseinrichtung
DE102004055716C5 (de) 2004-06-23 2010-02-11 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung einer Feuerungseinrichtung und Feuerungseinrichtung (Elektronischer Verbund I)
US8500441B2 (en) * 2004-06-23 2013-08-06 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Method for regulating and controlling a firing device and a firing device
ITMI20130013A1 (it) * 2013-01-08 2014-07-09 Nordgas S R L Dispositivo di regolazione e controllo fiamma per bruciatori premiscelati.
US10502418B2 (en) * 2015-03-17 2019-12-10 Intergas Heating Assets B.V. Device and method for mixing combustible gas and combustion air, hot water installation provided therewith, corresponding thermal mass flow sensor and method for measuring a mass flow rate of a gas flow

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DE102022123899A1 (de) 2024-03-21
EP4339512B1 (fr) 2026-04-29

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