EP4336100B1 - Procédé de détection d'un retour de flamme dans un appareil de chauffage, appareil de réglage et de commande, appareil de chauffage et programme informatique - Google Patents

Procédé de détection d'un retour de flamme dans un appareil de chauffage, appareil de réglage et de commande, appareil de chauffage et programme informatique

Info

Publication number
EP4336100B1
EP4336100B1 EP23195740.8A EP23195740A EP4336100B1 EP 4336100 B1 EP4336100 B1 EP 4336100B1 EP 23195740 A EP23195740 A EP 23195740A EP 4336100 B1 EP4336100 B1 EP 4336100B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
heating appliance
burner
signal
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23195740.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4336100A1 (fr
EP4336100C0 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Reinert
Mark Wagner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4336100A1 publication Critical patent/EP4336100A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4336100B1 publication Critical patent/EP4336100B1/fr
Publication of EP4336100C0 publication Critical patent/EP4336100C0/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/82—Preventing flashback or blowback
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/28—Fail safe preventing flash-back or blow-back

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting a flame flashback in a heating appliance; a control and regulating device, a heating appliance and a computer program.
  • the start-up process in particular can trigger critical conditions.
  • critical conditions include a hard ignition, a deflagration, or a flame flashback, i.e., flame propagation from the burner into the fuel gas/combustion air supply during the start-up or ignition process.
  • These operating conditions lead to reduced user comfort due to noise emissions and can also cause critical damage to the heating appliance, resulting in its failure.
  • hydrogen when using hydrogen as the fuel gas, such critical conditions are more likely because hydrogen's significantly higher flame speed, volatility, and low density result in considerably less reliable start-up behavior, coupled with a greater influence from environmental factors such as wind gusts affecting the exhaust system or air intake. In such cases, the initial start of a cold heating appliance (cold start) can be particularly challenging.
  • the AT 510 002 A4 This describes a method in which a pressure difference between the gas and air supply of a premixing gas burner is measured, and the dispersion of the measured values is determined. If a reference value is exceeded by a threshold, the minimum speed of the gas burner's blower can be increased to prevent flame flashbacks.
  • the EP 3 919 817 A1 Disclosure reveals a method for detecting ignition faults in a burner, in which the rotational speed of a blower and the position of the gas valve are monitored during the ignition process. If characteristic changes are detected, an ignition fault can be assumed.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a method for detecting a flame flashback in a heating appliance; a control and regulating device, a heating appliance, and a computer program that at least partially overcome the problems of the prior art described above.
  • the invention is intended to enable the detection of a flame flashback in a heating appliance.
  • the invention should be suitable for being carried out at least partially automatically and should require as few structural changes as possible compared to a heating device according to the prior art.
  • the proposed method can be repeated continuously and/or in short succession (fractions of a second).
  • the method enables the detection of a flame flashback on a heating appliance and can be performed, in particular, on the control unit of a heating appliance.
  • the heating appliance in question is, in particular, a gas-fired heating appliance designed to burn a fuel gas, such as natural gas or, more specifically, hydrogen, with the addition of ambient air, and to generate heat energy, for example, to heat a heat transfer fluid in a heating circuit or to provide hot water.
  • the heating appliance may be a condensing boiler and designed to burn hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing mixture.
  • the heating appliance typically has a combustion chamber and a conveying device or fan that can supply a mixture of fuel and combustion air via a mixture channel into a combustion chamber containing a burner. The combustion products can then be discharged through an exhaust duct of the heating appliance into an exhaust system.
  • the heating appliance can, in particular, adjust (modulate) the burner output to the demand.
  • a control unit within the appliance can adjust the fan output and thus the combustion air mass flow rate to the heat demand.
  • a control system adjusts the fuel mass flow rate to the changing combustion air mass flow rate.
  • the burner can comprise at least one perforated plate connected to a burner cavity.
  • the burner cavity is connected to the mixture channel, so that The combustion mixture can flow through the cavity via the perforated plate and is burned.
  • An ignition device can also be arranged in the area of the perforated plate, designed to ignite a mass flow of combustion mixture exiting through the perforated plate.
  • the burner cavity also referred to as the burner body, can be designed, in particular, as a cylinder (a right circular cylinder), with one of the cylinder's base surfaces connected to the mixture channel.
  • the burner cavity can also be cuboidal, with the perforated plate forming the upper boundary.
  • a flame arrestor can also be arranged in the burner cavity to prevent the flame from propagating towards the mixture channel. However, the flame arrestor may, especially after prolonged use, develop a defect that allows a flame to penetrate and thus cause a flashback.
  • the burner can be located in the combustion chamber of the heating appliance, within a burner door.
  • an opening in the burner door can connect the burner cavity to the mixture channel, and the burner can be attached to the burner door.
  • a flame monitor can also be attached to or integrated with the burner door.
  • the heating appliance may also have a flame monitoring device that can detect the presence of a flame at the burner and interrupt the gas supply if the flame goes out.
  • a signal from the flame monitoring device can be used to regulate and control the heating appliance, in particular to determine and regulate the combustion air ratio of the gas mixture.
  • the flame monitoring device may include an optical sensor, for example, to detect UV (ultraviolet) radiation emitted by the flame, a device for measuring the flame's ionization current, such as an ionization electrode, and/or a temperature sensor for measuring the flame temperature.
  • an optical sensor for example, to detect UV (ultraviolet) radiation emitted by the flame
  • a device for measuring the flame's ionization current such as an ionization electrode
  • a temperature sensor for measuring the flame temperature.
  • a flashback is characterized by the flame spreading from the burner of the heating appliance (backwards, i.e., against the usual flow direction) towards the mixture channel. For example, an area of the surface of the perforated plate can become so hot from the flame at the burner that the combustion mixture in the burner cavity ignites.
  • the resulting deflagrations or pressure surges in the flow path of the heating appliance can damage the flow path or connected components, such as the conveying mechanism. This damage can also lead to a leak in the flow path to the surroundings, allowing (unburned) fuel gas to escape. Continued operation of the heating appliance in the event of a leak could therefore pose a significant safety risk.
  • the occurrence of a flashback is considerably more likely when using hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing mixture as fuel gas due to the physical properties of hydrogen, particularly its flame speed and volatility.
  • a flame flashback can be detected by the (almost) simultaneous or immediately successive occurrence of two operating states, namely a) a loss (failure to capture) of the flame and b) a predetermined (significant) signal change, in particular a drop or fall, of a (monitoring) signal that allows a conclusion to be drawn about the mass flow of combustion air, fuel gas or combustion mixture supplied to the burner.
  • a flame flashback typically results in flame loss, meaning the flame goes out at the burner. Flame loss alone can have a variety of other causes, such as faults in the gas supply, a partially blocked exhaust path, or similar issues.
  • the loss of flame (state a)) can be detected by means of the flame monitoring of the heating device, in particular by a signal change - interruption or jump of a determined sensor value of the flame monitoring.
  • State b namely a significant signal change or even a complete signal loss that allows conclusions to be drawn about the mass flow of combustion air, fuel gas, or combustion mixture supplied to the burner, can be determined by acquiring signals from appropriate sensors or components.
  • a signal change is considered “significant” can be determined through tests and/or observations of the heating appliance and, if necessary, stored in a data storage device as a reference.
  • a conveying device designed as a blower this could be, in particular, the blower speed. This information is often already available for the heating appliance's control processes.
  • a control signal from a controller of the conveying device can also be used.
  • the controller could, for example, be a speed controller, and the control signal a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal.
  • PWM pulse-width modulated
  • signals from a mass flow sensor in the mixture channel, a combustion air supply, and/or a gas supply can also be used to detect state b).
  • a volumetric flow rate can also be used and, given the density of the respective medium and the temperature, can easily be converted into a mass flow rate.
  • a predetermined signal change or signal termination refers to a sudden change in the signal, i.e., a sudden increase or decrease in the signal.
  • a sudden change can be defined as a signal change of at least 10%, or in particular at least 20%, 30%, or 40%.
  • the signal change can occur within a short period, for example, within one second, but especially within half a second or a quarter of a second.
  • a sudden drop in signal can occur due to the pressure surge on the pressure side of the conveying device caused by a flame flashback.
  • a similar behavior is to be expected with a signal from a mass flow sensor in the mixture channel, a combustion air supply, and/or a gas supply.
  • a control signal from the conveying device a sudden increase in signal is to be expected due to a flame flashback, since a speed control system will increase the control signal to counteract a drop in speed (due to the flame flashback).
  • Condition b) can also occur in a heating appliance due to other circumstances, for example, a pressure surge caused by strong wind in the exhaust system outlet or in the combustion air intake (supply).
  • condition b) in conjunction with a loss of flame (condition a)) can be a reliable indication of a flame flashback.
  • the heating appliance can be taken out of service to avoid associated safety risks. Furthermore, the heating appliance can be put into a fault state that can only be cleared by a qualified person, such as a service technician. This advantageously ensures that the heating appliance can be inspected for damage caused by the flame flashback before being put back into operation.
  • information about a detected flame flashback can be displayed via a display device and/or made available for retrieval via a network, particularly the internet, and/or sent as a message.
  • the information can be made available for retrieval on an appliance interface of the heating device or on network storage (cloud).
  • this allows, for example, a user/operator of the heating device and/or a specialist company to be informed about a fault during the implementation of a procedure proposed here, and the specialist company can then schedule and carry out an appointment for maintenance and/or repair accordingly. In particular, this can lead to a rapid resolution of a fault condition of the heating device.
  • control unit for a heating appliance is proposed, designed to carry out a procedure proposed herein.
  • This control unit may, for example, include a processor.
  • the processor can, for instance, execute the procedure stored in the control unit's memory.
  • the control unit may, in particular, be electrically connected to a conveying system and a flame monitoring system.
  • This heating appliance can be a gas-fired appliance, specifically a hydrogen-powered gas-fired appliance.
  • the gas-fired appliance can include a burner and a delivery system for supplying a mixture of fuel (hydrogen) and combustion air to the burner.
  • the heating appliance can also include a flame monitoring system that can detect a loss of flame at the burner.
  • a computer program is proposed that is designed to (at least partially) execute one of the procedures presented here.
  • the computer program can, in particular, be executed on a control unit of the heating device.
  • Another aspect that is proposed is a machine-readable storage medium on which the computer program is stored.
  • the machine-readable storage medium is usually a computer-readable data carrier.
  • This document presents a method for detecting flame flashback in a heating appliance, a control and monitoring device, a heating appliance, and a computer program, which at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art.
  • the method for operating the heating appliance, the computer program, the control and monitoring device, the heating appliance, and its use contribute, at least in part, to the unambiguous detection of flame flashback in a heating appliance and, if necessary, to the initiation of appropriate measures.
  • the method proposed here is advantageously fully computer-implemented and generally requires no structural modifications compared to a heating appliance built according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary and schematic representation of a heating device 1 proposed here.
  • This device can include a burner 3 arranged in a combustion chamber 8.
  • Combustion air can be drawn in via a combustion air supply 4, in which a mass flow sensor 12 may be arranged, by a conveying device 2, in particular designed as a blower.
  • the conveying device 2 can be connected to a speed controller 6, which can regulate the speed n of the conveying device by means of a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal.
  • a gas valve 5 can add fuel gas from a gas supply 14 to the drawn-in mass air flow of combustion air and includes a safety valve and a gas control valve for controlling the mass flow of fuel gas to be added.
  • the generated mixture of fuel gas and combustion air can flow to the burner 3 via a mixture channel 11.
  • the burner 3 can have a cylindrical shape, the base of which can be attached to a burner door 15 in such a way that combustion mixture can flow from the mixture channel into the burner 3.
  • the combustion products can be discharged to the outside via an exhaust pipe 9 of the heating appliance and an exhaust system 10.
  • the heating device 1 proposed here can be configured specifically for the combustion of hydrogen. Furthermore, the heating device 1 can have a flame monitoring device 13 on/in the burner door 15, which can be designed as a sensor for UV (ultraviolet) radiation emitted by the flame.
  • a flame monitoring device 13 on/in the burner door 15 can be designed as a sensor for UV (ultraviolet) radiation emitted by the flame.
  • a control and regulating unit 7 can be set up to regulate the heating device 1.
  • it can be electrically connected, for example, to the speed controller 6, the conveying device 2, the gas valve 5, the flame monitoring device 13 and a network 16 (Internet).
  • FIG. 2 Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a burner 3 during the occurrence of a flashback.
  • the burner 3 can have a cylindrical shape with an externally arranged perforated plate 23 and a burner cavity 22, in which a flame arrestor 17 can be arranged.
  • This flame arrestor is intended to prevent a regular flame from passing from outside the perforated plate 23 into the burner cavity 22 and further into the mixture channel 11.
  • the flame arrestor 11 may develop a defect 19 through which flame passage is possible.
  • a local overheating 18 of the perforated plate 23 can ignite the mixture of fuel gas and combustion air between the perforated plate 23 and the flame arrestor 17, and the flame can penetrate further through the defect 19 into the burner cavity 22 and the mixture channel 11, leading to a flame flashback 20 there.
  • FIG. 3 Figure 27 shows an exemplary and schematic parameter profile of a rotational speed n of the conveying device 2 as signal 27, which allows a conclusion to be drawn about the mass flow of combustion air, fuel gas or combustion mixture supplied to the burner 3, as a function of time t. If, during the implementation of a procedure proposed here, a flame loss, i.e., an extinguishing of the regular flame, is detected by the flame monitoring 13 Once the flame at burner 3 is detected, and thus state a) is established, state b) can be detected, for example, by signal 27 indicating the rotational speed n of the conveying device 2.
  • the rotational speed n can decrease from a first speed 24, which may correspond to the current operating point of the heating device 1, to a second speed 26 within a short period 25 of a quarter of a second. Subsequently, the rotational speed n can increase again to the first speed 24.
  • first the numerical terms used here
  • second the numerical terms used here primarily serve (only) to distinguish between several similar objects, quantities, or processes, and thus do not necessarily dictate any dependency and/or sequence between these objects, quantities, or processes. Should a dependency and/or sequence be required, this is explicitly stated here, or it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art upon studying the specific configuration described. Where a component can occur multiple times (“at least one"), the description of one of these components may apply equally to all or some of the multiple components, but this is not mandatory.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour déterminer un retour de flamme (20) dans un appareil de chauffage (1), comprenant un appareil de transport (2) pour transporter un mélange combustible composé de gaz combustible et d'air de combustion vers un brûleur (3), dans lequel un retour de flamme (20) est déterminé lorsque les conditions suivantes sont détectées simultanément ou dans un court intervalle de temps :
    a) une perte de flamme au niveau du brûleur (3), et
    b) une variation de signal (21) prédéterminée d'un signal (27) qui permet de déduire le débit massique d'air de combustion, de gaz combustible ou de mélange combustible alimentant le brûleur (3).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'état b) est sélectionné à l'aide d'un signal (27) de l'appareil de chauffage (1) sélectionné parmi :
    - une vitesse de rotation n d'un appareil de transport (2) conçu en tant que ventilateur ;
    - un signal de commande de l'appareil de transport (2) ;
    - un signal d'un capteur de débit massique dans une alimentation en air de combustion, une alimentation en gaz combustible ou un canal de mélange de l'appareil de chauffage (1).
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'état a) est déterminé au moyen d'un dispositif de surveillance de flamme (13) de l'appareil de chauffage (1).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le dispositif de surveillance de flamme (13) présente un capteur optique, un appareil de mesure d'un courant d'ionisation de la flamme et/ou un capteur thermique.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, en cas de détermination d'un retour de flamme (20), l'appareil de chauffage (1) est mis hors service et/ou l'appareil de chauffage (1) est mis dans un état d'erreur dans lequel l'appareil de chauffage (1) ne peut être mis en service que par une personne compétente.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, lorsqu'un retour de flamme (20) est déterminé, une information à cet effet est mise à disposition sur un appareil d'affichage et/ou par l'intermédiaire d'un réseau (16) pour être consultée ou envoyée en tant que message.
  7. Appareil de régulation et de commande (7) d'un appareil de chauffage (1) configuré pour mettre en œuvre un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.
  8. Appareil de chauffage (1) comprenant un appareil de transport (2), un dispositif de surveillance de flamme (13), un brûleur (3) ainsi qu'un appareil de régulation et de commande (7) selon la revendication 7.
  9. Programme informatique comprenant des instructions qui font en sorte qu'un appareil de chauffage (1) selon la revendication 8 met en œuvre les étapes de procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.
EP23195740.8A 2022-09-12 2023-09-06 Procédé de détection d'un retour de flamme dans un appareil de chauffage, appareil de réglage et de commande, appareil de chauffage et programme informatique Active EP4336100B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022123081.3A DE102022123081A1 (de) 2022-09-12 2022-09-12 Verfahren zum Feststellen eines Flammenrückschlages bei einem Heizgerät; Regel- und Steuergerät, Heizgerät und Computerprogramm

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4336100A1 EP4336100A1 (fr) 2024-03-13
EP4336100B1 true EP4336100B1 (fr) 2025-10-29
EP4336100C0 EP4336100C0 (fr) 2025-10-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23195740.8A Active EP4336100B1 (fr) 2022-09-12 2023-09-06 Procédé de détection d'un retour de flamme dans un appareil de chauffage, appareil de réglage et de commande, appareil de chauffage et programme informatique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4336100B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022123081A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102024109392A1 (de) * 2024-04-04 2025-10-09 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zum Erkennen eines unregelmäßigen Zündvorganges eines Heizgerätes, Computerprogrammprodukt und Heizgerät

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7721553B2 (en) * 2006-07-18 2010-05-25 Siemens Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting a flashback condition in a gas turbine
AT510002B1 (de) * 2010-12-20 2012-01-15 Vaillant Group Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur regelung eines gas-/luftgemisches
DE102019121973A1 (de) 2019-08-15 2021-02-18 Vaillant Gmbh Heizgerät für ein Gebäude
DE102020114044A1 (de) * 2020-05-26 2021-12-02 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Fehlern beim Zünden eines Brenners mit einem Gebläse für die Zufuhr von Luft und einem Brennstoffventil
DE102020128611A1 (de) 2020-10-30 2022-05-05 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zünden eines Brenners
DE102021102713A1 (de) * 2021-02-05 2022-08-11 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur Erkennung eines Flammenrückschlages in einen Vormisch-Brenner

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EP4336100A1 (fr) 2024-03-13
EP4336100C0 (fr) 2025-10-29
DE102022123081A1 (de) 2024-03-14

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