EP4426800A1 - Utilisation d'une base biodégradable lubrifiante, son procédé de préparation et composition lubrifiante comprenant ladite base lubrifiante - Google Patents
Utilisation d'une base biodégradable lubrifiante, son procédé de préparation et composition lubrifiante comprenant ladite base lubrifianteInfo
- Publication number
- EP4426800A1 EP4426800A1 EP22817105.4A EP22817105A EP4426800A1 EP 4426800 A1 EP4426800 A1 EP 4426800A1 EP 22817105 A EP22817105 A EP 22817105A EP 4426800 A1 EP4426800 A1 EP 4426800A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating
- formula
- lubricating composition
- compound
- composition according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/36—Esters of polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
- C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/42—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
- C11C1/02—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/10—Lubricating oil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
- C10M2207/301—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of biodegradable and preferably biosourced lubricants.
- the present invention relates to a new use of a biodegradable lubricant base composed of vegetable oil esters for lubricating applications, in particular to lubricate gears, stern tubes and other equipment used in the maritime field. or chain saws used in logging.
- the present invention also relates to the process for the preparation of this lubricating base.
- the present invention also relates to a lubricating composition comprising said lubricating base and to its use for lubricating devices and/or machines used in marine and terrestrial industrial applications.
- Lubrication is a process intended to reduce the friction between two moving elements.
- the introduction of a lubricant between two parts therefore makes it possible to reduce friction and therefore the negative effects that result from it, such as wear, fatigue, corrosion of parts, breakage, etc.
- a lubricating composition must, on the one hand, meet specific technical performances, in particular in terms of viscosity, viscosity index, rheology (cold and hot) and flash point.
- the viscosity is chosen according to the application and the system to be lubricated. For example, industrial gears require relatively viscous grades, preferably ISO VG 220 and ISO VG 320, while stern oils preferably require ISO VG 100 and ISO VG 150 grades.
- lubricating compositions based on alkyl isostearate or neo-polyol have been developed and may in particular correspond to the commercial products Nycobase SNG, NB 8318S, Nycobase STM and Nycobase SMP.
- These esters are formed in particular from isostearic acid (iso-C18) resulting from the industrial production of dimer acid.
- These esters notably have viscous grades ranging from ISO VG 46 to ISO VG 150, standard NF ISO 3448, which are suitable for the needs of lubrication processes. Nevertheless, their synthesis remains relatively confidential and limited for the following reasons:
- variable quality from one manufacturer to another, results in different compositions (variable contents of unsaponifiables, cyclic structures, etc.) generating difficulty in securing quality supplies;
- variable quality from one batch to another can lead to variations in application properties, for example problematic interfacial properties.
- the object of the present invention is thus to provide a new lubricating composition which at least partially meets the abovementioned needs.
- the present invention relates to a lubricating composition
- a lubricating composition comprising a lubricating base and at least one additive, said lubricating base comprising at least one biosourced and biodegradable compound of formula (I), in which said at least one compound of formula (I) responds to the following formula:
- Ri , R2 and R3 are independently saturated hydrocarbon groups, linear or branched, comprising at least 16 carbon atoms, at least one group among Ri, R2 and Rs is branched on its hydrocarbon chain by at least an O-CO-R4 ester group in which R4 is a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon groups R1, R2 and R3 comprise from 18 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 18 to 20 carbon atoms;
- R4 group of the -O-CO-R4 ester group is chosen from a radical: methyl, ethyl, propyl or iso-propyl;
- the lubricating base also comprises at least one other biodegradable lubricating compound, different from the compound of formula (I), such as an alkyl or neo-polyol iso-stearate, a polyalphaolefin (PAO), a mineral oil or a of their mixtures;
- at least one other biodegradable lubricating compound different from the compound of formula (I), such as an alkyl or neo-polyol iso-stearate, a polyalphaolefin (PAO), a mineral oil or a of their mixtures;
- PAO polyalphaolefin
- the lubricating base has a tendency to foam, measured according to the ASTM D 892 standard, varying from 0 to 200 mL, preferably varying from 0 to 100 mL and typically varying from 0 to 50 mL;
- the lubricating base has a demulsification time, measured according to the ASTM D 1401 standard, ranging from 0 to 30 minutes, preferably ranging from 0 to 15 minutes and typically ranging from 0 to 10 minutes;
- the lubricating base has an oil deaeration time, measured according to standard NF ISO 9120, December 1999, ranging from 1 to 10 minutes, preferably ranging from 1 to 5 minutes and typically ranging from 1 to 3 minutes,
- the lubricating base has a resistance to hydrolysis, measured according to the Def stan 05-50 part 61 standard, which varies from 300 to 3500 hours, preferably from 600 to 3000 hours and typically ranges from 750 to 900 hours.
- the present invention also relates to a method for preparing a lubricating base as defined above, comprising at least the following steps:
- step (ii) optionally, mixing the compound of formula (I) obtained at the end of step (i) with at least one other biodegradable lubricating compound, in which step (i) for preparing said compound of formula (I) comprises the following successive steps and preferably comprises only the following three steps:
- step (b) selective esterification at said at least hydroxyl group - OH of said hydrogenated vegetable oil obtained at the end of step (a) with an organic anhydride, such as an acid anhydride;
- the vegetable oil is chosen from one or more of the following oils: castor oil, lesquerella oil or any other oil comprising at least 50% fatty acids (% relative determined by GPC) chosen from: ricinoleic acid (C18:1-OH), densipoleic acid (C18:2-OH), lesquerolic acid (C20:1-OH), or even auricolic acid ( C20:2-OH).
- oils castor oil, lesquerella oil or any other oil comprising at least 50% fatty acids (% relative determined by GPC) chosen from: ricinoleic acid (C18:1-OH), densipoleic acid (C18:2-OH), lesquerolic acid (C20:1-OH), or even auricolic acid ( C20:2-OH).
- the present invention also relates to a lubricating composition characterized in that it comprises a lubricating base obtained according to the preparation process as defined above and at least one additive.
- said at least additive is chosen from one or more of the following compounds: an antioxidant, an anti-wear agent, a metal corrosion inhibitor, a passivating agent, a viscosity index improver, a detergent or a dispersing agent, anti-foaming agent, surfactant, swelling agent, tackifying agent, stabilizer, bulking agent, hydrolysis stabilizer, extreme pressure additive, pigment and an odor masking agent, or a pour point improver additive.
- the Applicant has endeavored to develop new lubricating compositions based on esters with long branched saturated fatty chains intended to be used both hot and cold for lubrication needs, such as for the lubrication of machines and/or or device (land or sea).
- the Applicant has also endeavored to develop new biosourced and biodegradable lubricating compositions that also meet the European Ecolabel for lubricants (NF511).
- the present invention relates to a lubricating base comprising at least one biobased and biodegradable ester compound of formula (I) which can be used to lubricate devices and/or machines, such as wind turbines and stern tubes, in which said at least compound of formula (I) corresponds to the following formula: [Chem.
- Ri , R2 and R3 are independently saturated hydrocarbon groups, linear or branched, comprising at least 16 carbon atoms, at least one group among Ri, R2 and Rs is branched on its hydrocarbon chain by at least one ester group O- CO-R4 in which R4 is a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the lubricating base according to the invention Due to its characteristics, the lubricating base according to the invention has both adequate lubricating properties, while being environmentally friendly.
- esters with long saturated fatty chains according to the invention are biosourced and are for example derived from one or more vegetable oils, such as castor oil or even lesquerella oil. These esters are also biodegradable and meet the European Ecolabel for lubricants (NF511). They also have low, if any, aquatic toxicity.
- the lubricating base according to the invention has a high resistance to hydrolysis and improved interfacial properties, in particular compared to the viscous esters obtained from the isostearic acid mentioned above in the description of the prior art. It also has a viscosity grade generally between 135 and 165 cSt comparable to the most viscous iso-stearate (simple) available on the market (ISO VG 150 grade).
- biobased means a lubricating base entirely or at least partially manufactured from materials of biological origin (for example plant or animal) derived from renewable resources, such as a vegetable oil.
- biodegradable lubricating base means its ability to be degraded by microorganisms present in the natural environment.
- the action of bacteria on the lubricant in the presence of water and oxygen transforms it, under ideal thermal and temporal conditions, into carbon dioxide, mineral salts and water.
- CEC L33 A 93 test Primary biodegradability measures the disappearance of the starting compound after a given time. The CEC L33 A 93 approved test carried out in a liquid medium is the most commonly used. Beyond a rate of 90% degradation, the substance has a high biodegradability. An oil of plant origin has a degradation rate of 90% after 120 days of experimentation. On the other hand, the lubricant of mineral origin is only degraded to 70% over the same period.
- OECD 301 B test OECD 301 B test
- Ultimate biodegradability is based on the amount of carbon dioxide emitted over a given time (OECD 301 B approved test). This measure is more restrictive and biodegradable products reach lower rates than for primary biodegradability. This criterion better reflects the real biodegradability of the products because it takes into account the total assimilation of the product by living organisms. The ultimate biodegradability, determined in a reactor from a soil medium, reaches a degradation rate of more than 70% for biolubricants against only 30% for the lubricant of mineral origin.
- the lubricating base according to the invention here has a degradation rate greater than or equal to 90% during the CEC L 33 A93 test test and a degradation rate equal to or greater than 70%, preferably equal to or greater than 75% and generally equal to or greater than 80% determined according to the OECD 301 B test.
- hydrocarbon groups Ri, R2 and R3 of the compounds of formula (I) are independently saturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon groups comprising at least 16 carbon atoms, at least one of these groups is branched by the ester group O-CO-R4 (namely the ester function is not located at the end of the hydrocarbon groups Ri, R2 or even R3).
- the hydrocarbon groups Ri, R2 and R3 comprise from 18 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 18 to 22 carbon atoms and typically from
- alkyl group is meant a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms (Ci to Cio), preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms (Ci to Ce).
- 1 to 10 carbon atoms comprises the following values and any interval between these values: 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10.
- R4 group of the —O—CO—R4 ester group is chosen from a radical: methyl, ethyl, propyl or alternatively iso-propyl.
- At least two hydrocarbon groups among Ri, R2 and R3 and typically all the hydrocarbon groups among Ri, R2 and Rs are branched by the ester group -O-CO-R4
- the compounds of formula (I) can be formed by esterification from a hydrogenated vegetable oil which comprises at least one fatty acid branched by a hydroxyl group (not hydroxyl terminated), such as castor oil (C18:1-OH) or lesquerella oil (C20:2-OH).
- a hydrogenated vegetable oil which comprises at least one fatty acid branched by a hydroxyl group (not hydroxyl terminated), such as castor oil (C18:1-OH) or lesquerella oil (C20:2-OH).
- the esterification reaction takes place at the level of the hydroxyl group - OH of these oils.
- the hydrocarbon groups R1, R2 and R3 may correspond to the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids contained in these oils.
- all the hydrocarbon groups Ri, R2 and Rs are branched by an ester group -O-CO-R4 and when the esterification reaction is carried out from lesquerella oil, two hydrocarbon groups among R1, R2 and R3 comprise an ester group -O-CO-R4.
- R2 and R3 of the compound or compounds of formula (I) branched by the ester group -O-CO-R4 is positioned in position 9, 10, 12 or in position 14 and is typically in position 12 or position 14.
- the lubricating base may also comprise at least one other biodegradable lubricating compound, different from the compound of formula (I), such as an alkyl iso-stearate, for example C1-C10 or neo-polyol, a polyalphaolefin (PAO ), a mineral oil or a mixture thereof.
- an alkyl iso-stearate for example C1-C10 or neo-polyol
- PAO polyalphaolefin
- mineral oil or a mixture thereof.
- - a Gardner color measured according to the ASTM 1544 standard ranging from 1 to 8, preferably from 1 to 5 and typically ranges from 1 to 2;
- - a density measured according to the ASTM D4052 standard, varying from 0.930 to 0.970, preferably from 0.940 to 0.960 and typically from 0.950 to 0.960;
- a viscosity at 100°C measured according to the ISO 3104 standard with a cannon fenske type laboratory viscometer, varying from 16 to 22 mm 2 /s, preferably from 18 to 20 mm 2 /s and typically from 18.5 to 19.5 mm 2 /s;
- a viscosity at 40°C measured according to the ISO 3104 standard with a cannon fenske type laboratory viscometer, varying from 100 mm 2 /s to 200 mm 2 /s, preferably from 130 mm 2 /s to 170 mm 2 /s and typically from 160 mm 2 /s to 165 mm 2 /s;
- - a viscosity index, measured according to the ISO 2909 standard, varying from 110 to 170, preferably from 125 to 155 and typically from 130 to 135;
- an acid index of the lubricating base in mgKOH/g, measured according to the ISO 6618 standard, varying from 0 to 0.5, preferably from 0 to 0.20 and typically from 0 to 0.05;
- hydroxyl index measured according to the ASTM E 222B standard, varying from 0 to 10, preferably from 0 to 5 and typically from 0 to 3;
- COC flash point measured according to the ASTM D92 standard, varying from 250 to 320, preferably from 265 to 310 and typically from 295 to 305;
- a foaming tendency which corresponds to the volume of foam measured in a graduated cylinder after five minutes of air blowing through said lubricating base, measured according to the ASTM D 892 standard carried out at three temperature sequences: sequence 1 at 24° C, sequence 2 at 93.5°C, then cooling to sequence 3 at 24°C, varying from 0 to 200 mL, preferably from 0 to 100 mL and typically from 0 to 50 mL, and ideally no foam not ;
- a demulsification time measured according to the ASTM D 1401 standard, varying from 0 to 30 minutes, preferably from 0 to 15 minutes and typically from 0 to 10 minutes (according to the ASTM D 1401 method, a known volume of oil ( 40 ml) is mixed with water (40 ml); the time required for the two fluids to separate is measured in minutes; the faster the separation, the better the demulsification); - an oil deaeration time, measured according to standard NF ISO 9120, December 1999, varying from 1 to 10 minutes, preferably from 1 to 5 minutes and typically from 1 to 3 minutes (in particular, the deaeration is the time, in minutes, at the end of which the air dispersed in the lubricating base is reduced to 0.2% of the total volume, at a prescribed temperature; in other words the deaeration is the time necessary at the end of which the lubricating base reaches, by it -even, to reduce the air it contains).
- the lubricating base according to the invention has a stability to hydrolysis, measured according to the standard Def stan 05-50 part 61, greater than or equal to 300 hours and typically greater than or equal to 600 hours.
- the lubricating base according to the invention has a stability to hydrolysis, measured according to the Def stan 05-50 part 61 standard, preferably varying from 650 hours to 3000 hours, in particular from 750 hours to 900 hours. and typically 780 hours to 900 hours.
- the resistance to hydrolysis of the lubricating base according to the invention is thus 25% to 100% greater than that of an iso-stearate of identical viscosity grade as defined above.
- a range greater than or equal to 300 hours includes the following values or any interval between these values: 300; 350; 400; 450; 500; 550; 560; 570; 580; 590; 600; 610; 620; 630; 640; 650; 660; 670; 680; 690;
- the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a lubricating base as defined above.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible in particular to obtain compounds of formula (I) making up the lubricating base according to the invention, namely esters with long branched fatty chains from at least one vegetable oil and this in a single step and can be summarized as follows: Vegetable oil + organic anhydride — vegetable oil ester + organic acid.
- reaction scheme may be the following: [Chem. 3]
- R s methyl, ethyl, propyl
- the process for preparing the lubricating base according to the invention comprises at least the following steps:
- step (ii) optionally, the mixture of the compound of formula (I) obtained at the end of step (i) with at least one other biodegradable lubricating compound, in which the step of preparation (i) of said compound of formula ( I) comprises the following successive steps:
- step (b) selective esterification at said at least hydroxyl group - OH of said at least fatty acid of said hydrogenated vegetable oil obtained at the end of step (a) with an organic anhydride, such as an anhydride of acid; the recovery of a vegetable oil ester corresponding to the formula (I) and of a possible organic acid.
- an organic anhydride such as an anhydride of acid
- the vegetable oil from step (a) comprises at least one triglyceride of the following formula:
- At least two groups and typically all three of R1, R2 and Rs are branched on their hydrocarbon chains by at least one hydroxyl group -OH.
- step (b) of esterification is carried out on said at least one hydrocarbon chain Ri, R2 and R3 in position 9, 10, 12 or in position 14.
- the vegetable oil is chosen from one or more of the following oils: castor oil, lesquerella oil or any other oil comprising at least 50% fatty acids (relative % determined by GPC) chosen among: ricinoleic acid (18:1 -OH), densipoleic acid (18:2-OH), lesquerolic acid (20:1 -OH), or even auricolic acid (20:2-OH ).
- the vegetable oil is chosen from: castor oil, lesquerella oil or their mixture.
- Stage (a) of hydrogenation of a vegetable oil is known to those skilled in the art and will not be further detailed below. Alternatively, it is possible to obtain a vegetable oil as defined above previously hydrogenated.
- Esterification step (b) is thus carried out between hydrogenated vegetable oil and an organic anhydride.
- the organic anhydride is an acid anhydride, such as acetic anhydride, butyric anhydride or else isobutyric anhydride.
- This is introduced into the hydrogenated vegetable oil, preferably continuously at a rate ranging from 0.05 L / h / kg to 0.2 L / h / kg of hydrogenated vegetable oil, preferably 0.06 L / h/kg to 0.15L/h/kg of hydrogenated vegetable oil and typically from 0.08L/h/kg to 0.12L/h/kg of hydrogenated vegetable oil.
- the anhydride organic is added continuously (to the mixture of hydrogenated vegetable oil) at a rate of 0.01 L/h/kg of hydrogenated vegetable oil or all at once.
- Esterification step (b) is generally carried out at a temperature below 200°C, in particular between 90°C and 150°C, preferably between 100°C and 140°C and typically between 110°C and 130°C.
- This step (b) generally lasts from 3 to 7 hours, in particular from 4 to 6 hours and typically about 5 hours.
- the organic acid formed is eliminated by heating the product obtained at the end of stage (b) to a temperature above the boiling point of the organic acid.
- the boiling point of acetic anhydride is for example 139°C at atmospheric pressure.
- This step can thus be carried out at a temperature of between 140°C and 200°C, preferably between 150°C and 190°C and in general between 160°C and 170°C.
- a vacuum can be applied during this step.
- this step (b1) can last from 1 to 5 hours, preferably from 2 to 4 hours and generally lasts 3 hours.
- the temperature of the product resulting from step (b1) is lowered to a temperature less than or equal to 60°C, preferably less than or equal to 50°C and typically less than or equal to 40°C.
- the cooled product from step (b2) is neutralized.
- 0.5 to 1% neutralizing additive is used, by mass, per relative to the total mass of the product from step (b2); the product is then introduced into a vacuum reactor in order to eliminate the water, heated to a maximum temperature of 80°C until the medium is dehydrated, then the product is generally placed on a filter of the filter press type, for example on Dicalite® bed.
- the product from step (b4) is optionally placed on a filter allowing fine filtration, such as a Gauthier® filter, for example, at a maximum temperature of 70°C.
- a filter allowing fine filtration, such as a Gauthier® filter, for example, at a maximum temperature of 70°C.
- step (c) of the process an ester of formula (I) is recovered (step (c) of the process) and, where appropriate, an organic acid if the latter has not been eliminated during the reaction of esterification.
- the preparation process according to the invention has many advantages. First of all, it thus implements an esterification step (b) generally carried out at a temperature lower than those of conventional esterification reactions and therefore less energy-intensive than the latter (the temperature is of the order of 120- 160°C against 220-260°C for a conventional esterification reaction). Furthermore, the heating and cooling ramps applied during the preparation process (esterification step (b)/topping step (b1)/cooling step (b2)) are shorter. The durations of each stage and especially the number of stages implemented from the extracted and refined starting oil are furthermore reduced, in particular in comparison with the production of the iso-stearate mentioned in the description of the prior art.
- the present invention also relates to a lubricating composition, characterized in that it comprises a lubricating base as defined above or obtained according to the aforementioned preparation process and at least one additive.
- said at least additive is chosen from one or more of the following compounds: an antioxidant, an anti-wear agent, a metal corrosion inhibitor, a passivating agent, an agent improving the viscosity index, a detergent or a dispersing agent, anti-foaming agent, surfactant, swelling agent, tackifying agent, stabilizer, bulking agent, hydrolysis stabilizer, extreme pressure additive, pigment and an odor masking agent, or a pour point improver additive.
- the lubricating composition comprises, by mass, relative to its total mass:
- the lubricating composition according to the invention comprising, by mass, relative to its total mass:
- the antioxidant additive may for example be chosen from antioxidants of the phenolic or amine type.
- the antioxidant additives may in particular be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted with at least one C1-C12 alkyl group, N,N '-dialkyl-aryl-diamines and mixtures thereof.
- Anti-wear additives protect friction surfaces by forming a protective film adsorbed on these surfaces.
- the anti-wear additives are chosen from phosphosulfur additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
- the preferred compounds are of formula Zn((SP(S)(OQ 2 )(OQ 3 ))2, in which Q 2 and Q 3 , which are identical or different, independently represent an alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the corrosion inhibitor or passivating agent can be chosen from polyisobutene succinic anhydrides, thiadiazole sulfonates or mercaptobenzothiazoles.
- the lubricating composition is compatible with an elastomer based on esters of formula (I), such as a standard FKM, HNBR or AU elastomer.
- an elastomer based on esters of formula (I) such as a standard FKM, HNBR or AU elastomer.
- FKM elastomer marketed under the brand names Viton® from DuPont, Tecnoflon® from Solvay Solexis S.p.A and Dyneon® from 3M is an elastomer made up of approximately 80% fluoroelastomers and possessing excellent heat resistance ( use from -10°C to 250°C), fuels and aggressive chemicals.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the lubricating composition for lubricating devices and/or machines used in marine and terrestrial industrial applications.
- the invention also relates to a process for lubricating at least one device and/or machine used in industrial, windfall and/or terrestrial applications, said process comprising bringing the lubricating composition according to the invention into contact with at least one mechanical part of said device and/or of said machine.
- the lubricating composition is chosen from industrial greases, marine lubricants, lubricants for gears, automotive lubricants, in particular for automotive transmissions, heavy-duty lubricants, lubricants for metal working and lubricants stern tubes.
- the lubricating composition is used to lubricate gears.
- Example 1 Process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) (ester with long branched fatty chains) obtained by esterification of castor oil with an acetic anhydride.
- the preparation process takes place under very mild conditions (with or without catalyst) at a temperature of 120°C, by extracting the acetic acid formed during the esterification reaction:
- the hydroxyl index is monitored in parallel by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) until the hydroxyl index IOH is less than 1 mg KOH/g; all of these steps generally last 5 hours and a clear product is obtained; the acetic acid formed is then eliminated by increasing the temperature from 120°C to 160°C (the boiling point of acetic acid is 118°C and that acetic anhydride is 139° C. at atmospheric pressure) for a period of 3 hours at a pressure of 2 mbar;
- FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- the product obtained is neutralized by adding 0.5% to 1% of neutralizing agent and black (by mass relative to the total mass of product) / the product obtained is placed in a vacuum reactor in order to eliminate the water/the mixture is heated to a maximum temperature of 80° C. until the medium is dehydrated and the mixture is filtered through Dicalite®;
- Example 2 Process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) (ester with long branched fatty chains) obtained by esterification of castor oil with a butyric anhydride.
- Example 3 Process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) (ester with long branched fatty chains) obtained by esterification of castor oil with an isobutyric anhydride.
- Lubricating bases according to the invention were prepared by mixing the compound of formula (I) of Example 1 with an iso-stearate (NYCOBASE SMP marketed by the company NYCO) according to the following mass contents (by mass, relative to the total mass of the lubricating base composition thus formed):
- the lubricating bases according to the invention and prepared according to Examples 1 to 4 have the following characteristics (Table 5).
- the comparative example hereinafter called “Comp.1”
- Compar.1 illustrates a lubricating base composed of 100% of the iso-stearate mentioned above (product NYCOBASE SMP marketed by the company NYCO):
- the lubricating bases according to the invention have adequate technical lubrication performances close to the comparative example Comp.1 (iso-stearate), in particular in terms of viscosity grade, index viscosity and flash point.
- this table 5 also shows that the lubricating bases according to the invention have improved interfacial properties compared to those of Ex. Comp.1: no foaming problems, short demulsification and deaeration times. They also have better stability to hydrolysis (resistance to hydrolysis) than Ex.Comp.1.
- the lubricating compositions according to the invention thus exhibits enhanced stability in marine, aqueous or even humid environments.
- Table 6 shows the technical performance of the lubricating compositions of Examples 1, 4 to 7 according to the invention and of Example Comp.1: [Table 6]
- the compounds of formula (I) exhibit adequate technical lubrication performance.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2111745 | 2021-11-04 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/080655 WO2023078985A1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 | 2022-11-03 | Utilisation d'une base biodégradable lubrifiante, son procédé de préparation et composition lubrifiante comprenant ladite base lubrifiante |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4426800A1 true EP4426800A1 (fr) | 2024-09-11 |
Family
ID=80122788
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22817105.4A Withdrawn EP4426800A1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 | 2022-11-03 | Utilisation d'une base biodégradable lubrifiante, son procédé de préparation et composition lubrifiante comprenant ladite base lubrifiante |
| EP22817874.5A Active EP4426801B1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 | 2022-11-03 | Utilisation d'une base biodégradable lubrifiante, ainsi que son procédé de préparation |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22817874.5A Active EP4426801B1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 | 2022-11-03 | Utilisation d'une base biodégradable lubrifiante, ainsi que son procédé de préparation |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250313770A1 (fr) |
| EP (2) | EP4426800A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2024539951A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20240107116A (fr) |
| CN (2) | CN118414415A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2022381386A1 (fr) |
| WO (2) | WO2023079025A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2049072A (en) | 1933-08-29 | 1936-07-28 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricants |
-
2022
- 2022-11-03 WO PCT/EP2022/080723 patent/WO2023079025A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-03 AU AU2022381386A patent/AU2022381386A1/en active Pending
- 2022-11-03 EP EP22817105.4A patent/EP4426800A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-11-03 KR KR1020247014831A patent/KR20240107116A/ko active Pending
- 2022-11-03 CN CN202280072333.8A patent/CN118414415A/zh not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-11-03 CN CN202280073703.XA patent/CN118451165A/zh active Pending
- 2022-11-03 EP EP22817874.5A patent/EP4426801B1/fr active Active
- 2022-11-03 WO PCT/EP2022/080655 patent/WO2023078985A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-03 JP JP2024524600A patent/JP2024539951A/ja active Pending
- 2022-11-03 US US18/703,894 patent/US20250313770A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023078985A1 (fr) | 2023-05-11 |
| AU2022381386A1 (en) | 2024-05-02 |
| WO2023079025A1 (fr) | 2023-05-11 |
| KR20240107116A (ko) | 2024-07-08 |
| EP4426801A1 (fr) | 2024-09-11 |
| EP4426801B1 (fr) | 2026-05-20 |
| US20250313770A1 (en) | 2025-10-09 |
| CN118414415A (zh) | 2024-07-30 |
| WO2023078985A8 (fr) | 2024-05-02 |
| JP2024539951A (ja) | 2024-10-31 |
| CN118451165A (zh) | 2024-08-06 |
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