EP4426801A1 - Utilisation d'une base biodégradable lubrifiante, ainsi que son procédé de préparation - Google Patents
Utilisation d'une base biodégradable lubrifiante, ainsi que son procédé de préparationInfo
- Publication number
- EP4426801A1 EP4426801A1 EP22817874.5A EP22817874A EP4426801A1 EP 4426801 A1 EP4426801 A1 EP 4426801A1 EP 22817874 A EP22817874 A EP 22817874A EP 4426801 A1 EP4426801 A1 EP 4426801A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- carbon atoms
- branched
- lubricating base
- vegetable oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/36—Esters of polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
- C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/42—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
- C11C1/02—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/10—Lubricating oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
- C10M2207/301—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of biodegradable and preferably biosourced lubricants.
- the present invention relates to a new use of a biodegradable lubricant base composed of vegetable oil esters for lubricating applications, in particular for lubricating gears (for example wind turbines), ground turbines, stern tubes and other equipment used in the maritime sector or even chainsaws used in forestry operations.
- the present invention also relates to the process for the preparation of this lubricating base.
- the present invention also relates to a lubricating base obtained according to the aforementioned process.
- Lubrication is a process intended to reduce the friction between two moving elements.
- the introduction of a lubricant between two parts therefore makes it possible to reduce friction and therefore the negative effects that result from it, such as wear, fatigue, corrosion of parts, breakage, etc.
- a lubricating composition must, on the one hand, meet specific technical performances, in particular in terms of viscosity, viscosity index, rheology (cold and hot) and flash point.
- the viscosity is chosen according to the application and the system to be lubricated. For example, industrial gears require rather viscous grades around an ISO VG 220 and ISO VG 320 grade, while stern oils require an ISO VG 100 and ISO VG 150 grade.
- lubricating compositions based on alkyl isostearate or neopolyol have been developed and may in particular correspond to the commercial products Nycobase SNG, NB 8318S, Nycobase STM and Nycobase SMP.
- These esters are formed in particular from isostearic acid (iso-C18) resulting from the industrial production of dimer acid.
- These esters notably have viscous grades ranging from ISO VG 46 to ISO VG 150, standard NF ISO 3448, which are suitable for the needs of lubrication processes. Nevertheless, their synthesis remains relatively confidential and limited for the following reasons:
- variable quality from one manufacturer to another leading to different compositions (variable content of unsaponifiables, cyclic structures, etc.), hence the difficulty in securing quality supplies;
- variable quality from one batch to another which can lead to variable application properties and thus, for example, to variable and problematic interfacial properties.
- a stabilization step for example by hydrogenation, so as to obtain, for example, esterified and hydrogenated castor oil.
- the object of the present invention is thus to propose a new lubricating base which meets at least in part the aforementioned needs.
- the present invention relates to the use of a lubricating base comprising at least one biobased and biodegradable compound of formula (I) in order to lubricate devices and/or machines, such as wind turbines and stern tubes.
- said at least one compound of formula (I) corresponds to the following formula: wherein Ri , R2 and R3 are independently saturated hydrocarbon groups, linear or branched, comprising at least 16 carbon atoms, at least one group among Ri, R2 and Rs is branched on its hydrocarbon chain by at least one ester group O- CO-R4 in which R4 is a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and in which the said lubricating base has an acid number, in mg KOH/g, measured according to the ISO 6618 standard, which varies from 0 to 0.5.
- the hydrocarbon groups R1, R2 and R3 comprise from 18 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 18 to 20 carbon atoms;
- R4 group of the -O-CO-R4 ester group is chosen from a radical: methyl, ethyl, propyl or iso-propyl;
- the lubricating base also comprises at least one other biodegradable or partially biodegradable lubricating compound different from the compound of formula (I), such as an alkyl or neopolyol iso-stearate, a polyalphaolefin (PAO), a mineral oil or one of their mixtures;
- a biodegradable or partially biodegradable lubricating compound different from the compound of formula (I), such as an alkyl or neopolyol iso-stearate, a polyalphaolefin (PAO), a mineral oil or one of their mixtures;
- PAO polyalphaolefin
- the lubricating base has a tendency to foaming, measured according to the ASTM D 892 standard, ranging from 0 to 200 mL, preferably ranging from 0 to 100 mL and typically ranging from 0 to 50 mL;
- the lubricating base has a demulsification time, measured according to the ASTM D 1401 standard, ranging from 0 to 30 minutes, preferably ranging from 0 to 15 minutes and typically ranging from 0 to 10 minutes;
- the lubricating base has an oil deaeration time, measured according to standard NF ISO 9120, December 1999, ranging from 1 to 10 minutes, preferably ranging from 1 to 5 minutes and typically ranging from 1 to 3 minutes,
- the lubricating base has a resistance to hydrolysis, measured according to standard DEF STAN 05-50 (part 61) method 6 ("Ministry of Defense, Defense Standard 05-50 (Part 61), Method 6"), which varies from 300 to 2000 hours, preferably from 600 to 1500 hours and typically ranges from 750 to 900 hours; - the lubricating base comprises, by mass, relative to its total mass, at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, in particular at least 90% and typically 100% of said at least compound of formula (I).
- the present invention also relates to a method for preparing a lubricating base as defined above, comprising a step (i) for preparing said at least one compound of formula (I) as defined above, said step (i ) comprising the following successive steps and preferably comprising only the following three steps:
- step (b) selective esterification at said at least hydroxyl group - OH of said hydrogenated vegetable oil obtained at the end of step (a) with at least one organic acid anhydride;
- the vegetable oil of step (a) comprises at least one triglyceride of the following formula: wherein the hydrocarbon groups R1, R2 or R3 are independently saturated hydrocarbon groups, linear or branched, comprising at least 16 carbon atoms, at least one group among Ri, R2 and Rs is branched on its hydrocarbon chain by at least one hydroxyl group -OH;
- the process may comprise the following intermediate steps:
- the lubricating base comprises, by mass, relative to its total mass, at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, in particular at least 90% and typically 100% of said at least compound of formula (I);
- the method may include a step (ii) which comprises mixing said at least vegetable oil ester corresponding to formula (I) obtained at the end of step (i) with at least one other biodegradable lubricant compound;
- the vegetable oil is chosen from one or more of the following oils: castor oil, lesquerella oil or any other oil comprising at least 50% fatty acids (relative % determined by CPG) chosen from: ricinoleic acid (C18:1-OH), densipoleic acid (C18:2-OH), lesquerolic acid (C20:1-OH), or alternatively auricolic acid (C20:2-OH);
- the organic acid anhydride corresponds to the formula (II) below: where R and R' are independently chosen from a linear or branched alkyl chain comprising from 1 to 12, in particular from 1 to 6 and typically from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
- the organic acid anhydride is chosen in particular from the group consisting of acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride or isobutyric anhydride and one of their mixtures.
- the present invention also relates to a lubricating base comprising at least one biosourced and biodegradable compound of formula (I) as defined above obtained according to the aforementioned process (step (i)), characterized in that it has an index of acid, in mg KOH/g, measured according to the ISO 6618 standard, varying from 0 to 0.5.
- the lubricating base has a resistance to hydrolysis, measured according to standard DEF STAN 05-50 (part 61), method 6, which varies from 300 to 2000 hours.
- the Applicant has endeavored to develop new lubricating compositions based on esters with long fluid branched saturated fatty chains intended to be used both hot and cold for lubrication needs, such as for the lubrication of machines and /or devices such as wind turbines (onshore or offshore).
- the Applicant has also endeavored to develop new biosourced and biodegradable fluid lubricating compositions that also meet the European Ecolabel for lubricants (NF511).
- the present invention refers to the use of a fluid lubricating base comprising at least one biobased and biodegradable ester compound of formula (I) in order to lubricate devices and/or machines, such as wind turbines and tubes.
- said at least one compound of formula (I) corresponds to the following formula: wherein Ri , R2 and R3 are independently saturated hydrocarbon groups, linear or branched, comprising at least 16 carbon atoms, at least one group among Ri, R2 and Rs is branched on its hydrocarbon chain by at least one ester group O- CO-R4 in which R4 is a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and in which the said lubricating base has an acid number, in mg KOH/g , measured according to the ISO 6618 standard, which varies from 0 to 0.5.
- the lubricating base according to the invention Due to its characteristics, the lubricating base according to the invention has both adequate lubricating properties, while being environmentally friendly.
- esters with long saturated fatty chains according to the invention are biosourced and are for example derived from one or more vegetable oils, such as castor oil or even lesquerella oil. These esters are also biodegradable and meet the European Ecolabel for lubricants (NF511). They thus also have low, if any, aquatic toxicity. An illustration of this low ecotoxicity is given thanks to the test on daphne (EL50-48h (g/1000g) >0.11/1000 according to OECD 202) and biodegradability (80.3% according to OECD 301 B).
- the lubricating base according to the invention has a high resistance to hydrolysis and improved interfacial properties, in particular compared to the viscous esters obtained from the isostearic acid mentioned above in the description of the prior art.
- viscous grade generally between 135 and 165 cSt, which is a grade comparable to the most viscous (simple) isostearate available on the market (ISO VG 150 grade).
- fluid means that the lubricating base is capable of flowing at ambient temperature and is in liquid form under normal temperature (i.e.: ambient temperatures) and pressure (i.e.: atmospheric pressure) conditions.
- biobased means a lubricating base entirely or at least partially manufactured from materials of biological origin (for example plant or animal) derived from renewable resources, such as a vegetable oil.
- biodegradable lubricating base means its ability to be degraded by microorganisms present in the natural environment.
- the action of bacteria on the lubricant in the presence of water and oxygen transforms it, under ideal thermal and temporal conditions, into carbon dioxide, mineral salts and water.
- Ultimate biodegradability is based on the amount of carbon dioxide emitted over a given time (OECD 301 B approved test). This measure is more restrictive and biodegradable products reach lower rates than for primary biodegradability. This criterion better reflects the real biodegradability of the products since it takes into account the total assimilation of the product by organisms. living.
- the ultimate biodegradability determined in a reactor from a soil medium, shows a degradation rate of more than 70% for biolubricants against only 30% for the lubricant of mineral origin.
- the lubricating base according to the invention here has a degradation rate greater than or equal to 90% during the CEC L 33 A93 test test and a degradation rate equal to or greater than 70%, preferably equal to or greater than 75% and generally equal to or greater than 80% determined according to the OECD 301 B test.
- hydrocarbon groups Ri, R2 and R3 of the compounds of formula (I) are independently saturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon groups comprising at least 16 carbon atoms, at least one of these groups is branched by the ester group O-CO-R4 (namely the ester function is not located at the end of the hydrocarbon groups Ri, R2 or else R3).
- At least 16 carbon atoms is meant a hydrocarbon chain comprising the following carbon number or any interval between these values: 16;
- the hydrocarbon groups Ri, R2 and R3 comprise from 18 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 18 to 22 carbon atoms and typically from
- alkyl group denotes a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms (Ci to C10), preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms (Ci to Ce).
- “1 to 10 carbon atoms” includes the following values and any interval between these values: 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10.
- R4 group of the —O—CO—R4 ester group is chosen from a radical: methyl, ethyl, propyl or alternatively iso-propyl.
- At least two hydrocarbon groups among Ri, R2 and R3 and typically all the hydrocarbon groups among Ri, R2 and Rs are branched by the ester group -O-CO-R4
- the compounds of formula (I) can be formed by esterification from a hydrogenated vegetable oil which comprises at least one fatty acid branched by a hydroxyl group (not hydroxyl-terminated), such as castor oil (C18:1-OH) or lesquerella oil (C20:2-OH).
- a hydrogenated vegetable oil which comprises at least one fatty acid branched by a hydroxyl group (not hydroxyl-terminated), such as castor oil (C18:1-OH) or lesquerella oil (C20:2-OH).
- the esterification reaction takes place at the level of the hydroxyl group (- OH) of these oils.
- the hydrocarbon groups R1, R2 and R3 may correspond to the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids contained in these oils.
- all the hydrocarbon groups Ri, R2 and Rs are branched by an ester group -O-CO-R4 and when the esterification reaction is carried out from lesquerella oil, two hydrocarbon groups among R1, R2 and R3 comprise an ester group -O-CO-R4.
- R2 and R3 of the compound or compounds of formula (I) branched by the ester group -O-CO-R4 is positioned in position 9, 10, 12 or in position 14 and is typically in position 12 or position 14.
- the lubricating base comprises, by mass, relative to its total mass, at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, in particular at least 90% and typically 100% of said at least compound of formula (I).
- the lubricating base comprises, by mass, relative to its total mass, at least 50% of said at least compound of formula (I)” comprises the following values and any interval between these values: 50; 55; 60; 65; 70; 75; 80; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 90; 91; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 100.
- the lubricating base may also comprise at least one other biodegradable lubricating compound, different from the compound of formula (I), such as an alkyl iso-stearate, for example C1-C10 or neopolyol, a polyalphaolefin (PAO ), a mineral oil or a mixture thereof.
- an alkyl iso-stearate for example C1-C10 or neopolyol
- PAO polyalphaolefin
- mineral oil or a mixture thereof.
- the lubricating base is composed of/only consists of said at least one compound of formula (I).
- the lubricating base or said at least compound of formula (I) according to the invention advantageously has the following characteristics:
- - a density, measured according to the ASTM D4052 standard, which varies from 0.930 to 0.970, preferably from 0.940 to 0.960 and typically ranges from 0.950 to 0.960;
- - a viscosity at 100°C, measured according to the ISO 3104 standard with a cannon fenske type laboratory viscometer, which varies from 16 to 22 mm 2 /s, preferably from 18 to 20 mm 2 /s and typically ranges from 18.5 at 19.5 mm 2 /s;
- a viscosity at 40°C measured according to the ISO 3104 standard with a cannon fenske type laboratory viscometer, which varies from 100 mm 2 /s to 200 mm 2 /s, preferably from 130 mm 2 /s to 170 mm 2 /s and typically ranges from 160 mm 2 /s to 165 mm 2 /s;
- - a viscosity index, measured according to the ISO 2909 standard, which varies from 110 to 170, preferably from 125 to 155 and typically ranges from 130 to 135;
- an acid number in mg KOH/g, measured according to the ISO 6618 standard, which varies from 0 to 0.5, preferably from 0 to 0.20 and typically ranges from 0 to 0.05;
- hydroxyl index measured according to the ASTM E 222B standard, which varies from 0 to 10, preferably from 0 to 5 and typically ranges from 0 to 3;
- COC flash point measured according to the ASTM D92 standard, which varies from 250 to 320, preferably from 265 to 310 and typically ranges from 295 to 305;
- the lubricating base and/or said at least compound of formula (I) according to the invention also has increased interfacial properties in contact with air and water;
- a foaming tendency which corresponds to the volume of foam measured in a graduated cylinder after five minutes of air blowing through said lubricating base, measured according to the ASTM D 892 standard carried out at three temperature sequences: sequence 1 at 24° C, sequence 2 at 93.5°C, then cooling to sequence 3 at 24°C, ranging from 0 to 200 mL, preferably ranging from 0 to 100 mL and typically ranging from 0 to 50 mL, and ideally does not foam;
- a demulsifying time measured according to the ASTM D 1401 standard, ranging from 0 to 30 minutes, preferably ranging from 0 to 15 minutes and typically ranging from 0 to 10 minutes (according to the ASTM D 1401 method, a known volume of oil (40 ml) is mixed with water (40 ml); the time required for the two fluids to separate is measured in minutes; the faster the separation, the better the demulsification); - an oil deaeration time, measured according to standard NF ISO 9120, December 1999, ranging from 1 to 10 minutes, preferably ranging from 1 to 5 minutes and typically ranging from 1 to 3 minutes (in particular, the deaeration is the time, in minutes, during which the air dispersed in the lubricant base is reduced to 0.2% of the total volume, at a prescribed temperature; in other words, the deaeration is the time necessary for the lubricant base to reach, through it itself, to reduce the air it contains);
- oil acid number ranging from 0.0 to 5.0, preferably ranging from 0.0 to 2.0 and typically ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 according to the ASTM D664 method as described in example C to this - below;
- a volatile acidity ranging from 0.0 to 5.0, preferably ranging from 0.0 to 2.0 and typically ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 according to the ASTM D974 method as described in comparative test C below;
- a deposit (mg/100ml) ranging from 0 to 100, preferably ranging from 0 to 50 and typically ranging from 0 to 20 by gravimetry as described in comparative test C below;
- the resistance to hydrolysis is increased for the oil esters according to the invention, in particular compared to a reference product (the isostearate mentioned above which corresponds to the product NYCOBASE SMP marketed by the company NYCO).
- the stability to hydrolysis according to standard DEF STAN 05-50 (part 61) method 6 goes from 400 hours for the product NYCOBASE SMP to between 790 hours and 850 hours for the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention.
- the lubricating base and/or said at least compound of formula (I) in fact possesses properties of resistance to hydrolysis that are reinforced in marine, aqueous or even humid environments.
- the lubricating base/said at least compound of formula (I) according to the invention has a stability to hydrolysis, measured according to the standard DEF STAN 05-50 (part 61) method 6, greater than or equal to 300 hours and typically greater than or equal to 600 hours.
- the lubricating base/said at least compound of formula (I) according to the invention has a stability to hydrolysis, measured according to standard DEF STAN 05-50 (part 61) method 6, preferably ranging from 650 hours to 2000 hours, in particular from 750 hours to 900 hours and typically from 780 hours to 900 hours.
- the resistance to hydrolysis of the lubricating base according to the invention is thus 25% to 100% greater than that of an iso-stearate of identical viscosity grade as defined above.
- a range greater than or equal to 300 hours includes the following values or any interval between these values: 300; 350; 400; 450; 500; 550; 560; 570; 580; 590; 600; 610; 620; 630; 640; 650; 660; 670; 680; 690;
- the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a lubricating base as defined above.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible in particular to obtain compounds of formula (I) making up the lubricating base according to the invention, namely esters with long branched fatty chains from at least one vegetable oil and this in a single step and can be summarized as follows:
- Vegetable oil + organic anhydride vegetable oil ester + organic acid.
- reaction scheme may be the following:
- the process for preparing the lubricating base according to the invention comprises at least one step (i) of preparing said at least one compound of formula (I) as mentioned above, said step (i) comprising the following successive steps and in general only comprises the following three steps:
- step (b) selective esterification at said at least hydroxyl group - OH of said at least fatty acid of said hydrogenated vegetable oil obtained at the end of step (a) with at least one organic acid anhydride;
- the vegetable oil from step (a) comprises at least one triglyceride of the following formula: in which the hydrocarbon groups R1, R2 or R3 are as defined above except that at least one group among R1, R2 and Rs is branched on its hydrocarbon chain by at least one hydroxyl group -OH.
- At least two groups and typically all three of R1, R2 and Rs are branched on their hydrocarbon chains by at least one hydroxyl group -OH.
- step (b) of esterification is carried out on said at least one hydrocarbon chain Ri, R2 and R3 in position 9, 10, 12 or in position 14.
- the vegetable oil is chosen from one or more of the following oils: castor oil, lesquerella oil or any other oil comprising at least 50% of fatty acids (relative % determined by GPC) chosen from: ricinoleic acid (C18:1 -OH), densipoleic acid (C18:2-OH), lesquerolic acid (C20:1 - OH), or even auricolic acid (C20:2-OH).
- oils castor oil, lesquerella oil or any other oil comprising at least 50% of fatty acids (relative % determined by GPC) chosen from: ricinoleic acid (C18:1 -OH), densipoleic acid (C18:2-OH), lesquerolic acid (C20:1 - OH), or even auricolic acid (C20:2-OH).
- vegetable oil is chosen: castor oil, lesquerella oil or their mixture.
- Stage (a) of hydrogenation of a vegetable oil is known to those skilled in the art and will not be further detailed below. Alternatively, it is possible to obtain a vegetable oil as defined above previously hydrogenated.
- Esterification step (b) is thus carried out between hydrogenated vegetable oil and an organic acid anhydride.
- the organic acid anhydride corresponds to the formula (II) below: where R and R' are independently chosen from a linear or branched alkyl chain comprising from 1 to 12, in particular from 1 to 6 and typically from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the organic acid anhydride is chosen from the group consisting of an acetic (ethanoic anhydride), a propanoic anhydride, a butyric anhydride or even an isobutyric anhydride, an ethanoic propanoic anhydride, a pentanoic anhydride, an isopentanoic anhydride, hexanoic anhydride, heptanoic anhydride, octanoic anhydride, nonanoic anhydride, decanoic anhydride, undecanoic anhydride, dodecanoic anhydride.
- This is introduced into the hydrogenated vegetable oil, preferably continuously at a rate ranging from 0.05 L/h/kg to 0.2 L/h/kg of hydrogenated vegetable oil, preferably 0.06 L/ h/kg to 0.15L/h/kg of hydrogenated vegetable oil and typically from 0.08L/h/kg to 0.12L/h/kg of hydrogenated vegetable oil.
- a flow rate ranging from 0.05 L/h/kg to 0.2 L/h/kg of hydrogenated vegetable oil includes the following values or any interval between these values: 0.05; 0.06; 0.07; 0.08; 0.09;0.10; 0.11; 0.12; 0.13; 0.14; 0.15; 0.16; 0.17; 0.18; 0.19; 0.20.
- the organic acid anhydride is added continuously (to the hydrogenated vegetable oil mixture) at a rate ranging from 0.001 to 1 L/h/kg, preferably ranging from from 0.005 to 0.05 L/h/kg and typically from 0.01 L/h/kg of hydrogenated vegetable oil or all at once.
- the esterification step (b) is generally carried out at a temperature below 200° C., in particular ranging from 90° C. to 150° C., preferably from 100° C. to 140° C. and typically from 110° C. at 130°C.
- This step (b) generally lasts from 3 to 7 hours, in particular from 4 to 6 hours and typically about 5 hours. This duration can be much shorter by reaction in continuous flow, for example through a static reactor.
- the esterification step (b) can be carried out with or without a catalyst.
- a basic or acid catalyst such as strong acids and sulphonic resins of the AMBERLYST or NAFION type may be suitable.
- a catalyst makes it possible to reduce the temperature used during this esterification step (b) and/or to increase the reaction rate.
- the organic acid formed is eliminated by heating the product obtained at the end of stage (b) to a temperature above the boiling point of organic acid anhydride.
- the boiling point of acetic anhydride is for example 139° C. at atmospheric pressure.
- This step can thus be carried out at a temperature ranging from 140°C to 200°C, preferably from 150°C to 190°C and in general from 160°C to 170°C.
- a vacuum can be applied during this step.
- this step (b1) can last from 1 to 5 hours, preferably from 2 to 4 hours and generally lasts 3 hours.
- FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared
- step (b2) the temperature of the product resulting from step (b1) is lowered to a temperature less than or equal to 60° C., preferably less than or equal to 50° C. and typically less than or equal to at 40°C.
- This step (b2) can last from 0.5 hour to 3 hours, preferably from 0.75 hour to 2.5 hours and generally lasts from 1 to 2 hours.
- the cooled product from step (b2) is neutralized. For this, less than 5%, in particular less than 3%, and typically 0.5 to 1% of neutralizing additive, by mass, relative to the total mass of the product from step (b2) is used. ; the product is then placed in a vacuum reactor in order to eliminate the water; the product is heated to a maximum temperature of 100°C, preferably 90°C and typically 80°C until the medium is dehydrated and the product is generally placed on a filter of the filter press type, for example on a bed of Dicalite®.
- the product from step (b3) is optionally placed on a filter allowing fine filtration, such as a Gauthier® filter for example at a maximum temperature of 70°C. .
- step (c) of the process an ester of formula (I) is recovered (step (c) of the process) and, where appropriate, an organic acid if the latter has not been eliminated during the esterification reaction .
- the preparation process according to the invention has many advantages. First of all, it thus implements an esterification step (b) which is generally carried out at a lower temperature than conventional esterification reactions and is therefore less energy-intensive than the latter (the temperature is around 120-160°C versus 220-260°C for a conventional esterification reaction). Then, the heating and cooling ramps used during the preparation process (esterification step (b)/topping step (b1)/cooling step (b2)) are shorter). The times for each step and especially the number of steps from the initial extracted and refined oil are also reduced, in particular with respect to the production of the isostearate mentioned in the description of the prior art.
- isostearate requires at least four synthetic steps from refined oil (ie: hydrolysis of rapeseed oil into fatty acids/dimerization and production of isotearic/hydrogenation and distillation/esterification into isostearic acid) against two for the process according to the invention.
- refined oil ie: hydrolysis of rapeseed oil into fatty acids/dimerization and production of isotearic/hydrogenation and distillation/esterification into isostearic acid
- the lubricating base comprises, by mass, relative to its total mass, at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, in particular at least 90% and typically 100% of said at least compound of formula ( I).
- the method may include a step (ii) which comprises mixing said at least vegetable oil ester corresponding to formula (I) obtained at the end of step (i) with at least one other biodegradable lubricating compound .
- Said other biodegradable lubricating compound different from the compound of formula (I) can be an alkyl iso-stearate, for example C1-C10 or neopolyol, a polyalphaolefin (PAO), a mineral oil or a mixture thereof.
- alkyl iso-stearate for example C1-C10 or neopolyol, a polyalphaolefin (PAO), a mineral oil or a mixture thereof.
- PAO polyalphaolefin
- the present invention also relates to a lubricating base obtained by the preparation process as defined above, characterized in that it has an acid number, in mg KOH/g, measured according to the ISO 6618 standard, varying from 0 to 0.5.
- the lubricating base has a resistance to hydrolysis, measured according to standard DEF STAN 05-50 (part 61) method 6, which varies from 300 to 2000 hours.
- the lubricating base comprises, by mass, relative to its total mass, at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, in particular at least 90% and typically 100% of said at least compound of formula (I).
- Example 1 Process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) (ester with long branched fatty chains) obtained by esterification of castor oil with an acetic anhydride.
- the preparation process takes place under very mild conditions (with or without catalyst) at a temperature of 120°C, by extracting the acetic acid formed during the esterification reaction:
- the hydroxyl index is monitored in parallel by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) until the hydroxyl index IOH is less than 1 mg KOH/g; all of these steps generally last 5 hours and a clear product is obtained; the acetic acid formed is then eliminated by increasing the temperature from 120°C to 160°C (the boiling point of acetic acid is 118°C and that of acetic anhydride is 139°C at pressure atmospheric) for a period of 3 hours at a pressure of 20 mbar;
- FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- the product obtained is neutralized by adding 0.5 to 1% of neutralizing agent and black (by mass relative to the total mass of product)/the product obtained is placed in a vacuum reactor in order to eliminate the water/the mixture is heated to a maximum temperature of 80° C. until the medium is dehydrated and the mixture is filtered through Dicalite®;
- Example 2 Process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) (ester with long branched fatty chains) obtained by esterification of castor oil with a butyric anhydride
- Example 3 Process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) (ester with long branched fatty chains) obtained by esterification of castor oil with an isobutyric anhydride
- the procedure is the same as for Example 1, except that the acetic anhydride is replaced by isobutyric anhydride under the conditions announced in Table 3 below.
- Lubricating bases according to the invention were prepared by mixing the compound of formula (I) of Example 1 with an isostearate (NYCOBASE SMP marketed by the company NYCO) according to the following mass contents (by mass, relative to the total mass of the lubricating base composition thus formed):
- the lubricating bases according to the invention and prepared according to Examples 1 to 4 have the following characteristics (Table 5).
- the comparative example named "Comp.1” below, illustrates a lubricating base composed of 100% of the isostearate mentioned above (NYCOBASE SMP product marketed by the company NYCO): [Table 5]
- the lubricating bases according to the invention have adequate technical lubrication performances close to the comparative example Comp.1 (isostearate), in particular in terms of viscosity grade, viscosity index and flash point.
- this table 5 also shows that the lubricating bases according to the invention have improved interfacial properties compared to those of Comp.1: no problem of foaming, rapid demulsification and deaeration times. They also have better stability to hydrolysis (resistance to hydrolysis) than Comp.1.
- the lubricating compositions according to the invention thus exhibit enhanced stability in marine, aqueous or even humid environments and are therefore ideal for lubricating gears located, for example, in offshore or onshore wind farms.
- Table 6 below shows the technical performance of the lubricating compositions of Examples 1, 4 to 7 according to the invention and of Example Comp.1:
- Examples 1 and 2 of this document have been reproduced following the parameters/standards described in this document US'072. These examples are hereinafter referred to as Comp.2 and Comp.3, respectively.
- the results of this comparative test are summarized in Table 7 below.
- the first column corresponds to the characteristics of pure castor oil
- the second and fourth columns correspond respectively to the characteristics of Ex.1 and Ex.2 described in the document US'072
- the third and fifth columns correspond to the characteristics of Ex. 1 and Ex.2 measured by the Applicant
- the sixth column corresponds to the castor oil ester according to Ex.1 of the invention.
- this product would be incompatible and would damage, for example, the elastomer-based seals of the devices to be lubricated, such as casings.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2111745 | 2021-11-04 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/080723 WO2023079025A1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 | 2022-11-03 | Utilisation d'une base biodégradable lubrifiante, ainsi que son procédé de préparation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4426801A1 true EP4426801A1 (fr) | 2024-09-11 |
Family
ID=80122788
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22817105.4A Withdrawn EP4426800A1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 | 2022-11-03 | Utilisation d'une base biodégradable lubrifiante, son procédé de préparation et composition lubrifiante comprenant ladite base lubrifiante |
| EP22817874.5A Pending EP4426801A1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 | 2022-11-03 | Utilisation d'une base biodégradable lubrifiante, ainsi que son procédé de préparation |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22817105.4A Withdrawn EP4426800A1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 | 2022-11-03 | Utilisation d'une base biodégradable lubrifiante, son procédé de préparation et composition lubrifiante comprenant ladite base lubrifiante |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250313770A1 (fr) |
| EP (2) | EP4426800A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2024539951A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20240107116A (fr) |
| CN (2) | CN118451165A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2022381386A1 (fr) |
| WO (2) | WO2023079025A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2049072A (en) * | 1933-08-29 | 1936-07-28 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricants |
-
2022
- 2022-11-03 CN CN202280073703.XA patent/CN118451165A/zh active Pending
- 2022-11-03 AU AU2022381386A patent/AU2022381386A1/en active Pending
- 2022-11-03 CN CN202280072333.8A patent/CN118414415A/zh not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-11-03 EP EP22817105.4A patent/EP4426800A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-11-03 JP JP2024524600A patent/JP2024539951A/ja active Pending
- 2022-11-03 KR KR1020247014831A patent/KR20240107116A/ko active Pending
- 2022-11-03 WO PCT/EP2022/080723 patent/WO2023079025A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-03 EP EP22817874.5A patent/EP4426801A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-11-03 WO PCT/EP2022/080655 patent/WO2023078985A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-03 US US18/703,894 patent/US20250313770A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN118451165A (zh) | 2024-08-06 |
| JP2024539951A (ja) | 2024-10-31 |
| WO2023078985A1 (fr) | 2023-05-11 |
| US20250313770A1 (en) | 2025-10-09 |
| CN118414415A (zh) | 2024-07-30 |
| WO2023079025A1 (fr) | 2023-05-11 |
| KR20240107116A (ko) | 2024-07-08 |
| EP4426800A1 (fr) | 2024-09-11 |
| AU2022381386A1 (en) | 2024-05-02 |
| WO2023078985A8 (fr) | 2024-05-02 |
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