EP4449020A1 - Procédé de réglage d'un brûleur et agencement de brûleur doté d'un brûleur - Google Patents

Procédé de réglage d'un brûleur et agencement de brûleur doté d'un brûleur

Info

Publication number
EP4449020A1
EP4449020A1 EP22840020.6A EP22840020A EP4449020A1 EP 4449020 A1 EP4449020 A1 EP 4449020A1 EP 22840020 A EP22840020 A EP 22840020A EP 4449020 A1 EP4449020 A1 EP 4449020A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ionization
burner
determined
air
controlled variable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP22840020.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4449020B1 (fr
Inventor
Wilhelm Laux
Bastian Rothmer
Daniel Schättler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Truma Geraetetechnik GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Truma Geraetetechnik GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Truma Geraetetechnik GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Truma Geraetetechnik GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP4449020A1 publication Critical patent/EP4449020A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4449020B1 publication Critical patent/EP4449020B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/36—PID signal processing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/42—Function generator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a burner. Furthermore, the invention relates to a burner arrangement with a burner.
  • the burner is, for example, part of a device for heating room air and/or a liquid, e.g. B. service water.
  • Burners find application in heaters or water heaters in which the thermal energy gained by burning an air-fuel mixture is transferred through a heat exchanger to room air and/or a liquid, e.g. B. water is transferred.
  • the fuel is, for example, propane, butane, petrol or diesel.
  • ionization electrodes In order to monitor and regulate the presence of a flame or the combustion quality itself, it is known in the prior art to use so-called ionization electrodes, via which the ionization effect of a flame is exploited.
  • the measured ionization signal in the form of a voltage or current signal is evaluated and used to regulate the combustion behavior, for example the air ratio (other terms are: combustion air ratio lambda or air ratio) is set as the mass ratio of combustion air to fuel. This is done with the aim of ensuring the cleanest and most efficient combustion possible.
  • a gas valve and a combustion air fan are controlled depending on the ionization signal.
  • a method for monitoring a gas burner using the ionization signal is disclosed, for example, in DE 196 31 821 A1.
  • Gas burners and in particular fan-operated gas burners, in particular as part of mobile heating devices, are frequently exposed to changing environmental conditions which can lead to variable combustion behavior (see, for example, DE 102 20 773 A1).
  • environmental parameters are air pressure, temperature of the combustion air, gas pressure (ie the pressure at which the fuel gas is supplied) and also the calorific value of the gas.
  • the composition of the fuel gas can also vary. This is e.g. B. the case with typical gas mixtures such as LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas; Autogas).
  • LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas; Autogas
  • unfavorable combustion conditions can cause thermoacoustic effects disturbing noises occur, which can also be avoided or at least significantly reduced by adjusting the air ratio.
  • DE 102 20 772 A1 and DE 195 02 901 C1 disclose further methods for controlling the combustion process.
  • the invention solves the problem by a method for controlling a burner, the burner being supplied with an air-fuel mixture, with an ionization signal being measured, with a control variable being determined on the basis of the ionization signal, with depending on the control variable and at least a target value, the air-fuel mixture is set, with a spectrum being obtained from the ionization signal, with a measure of a surface area being determined from the spectrum or from at least one frequency range of the spectrum, and depending on the measure of the Area content of the target value is adjusted.
  • the ionization signal is used to regulate the combustion.
  • a controlled variable is obtained from the ionization signal.
  • a setpoint value is used in the regulation, which is initially specified, for example, or determined for the application. Based on the ionization signal, the setpoint value is adjusted according to the invention. Information is thus taken from the ionization signal, via which the desired value is corrected. For example, via the corrected setpoint, a disturbance, e.g. B. noise can be avoided by the control takes place in a different lambda range.
  • a frequency spectrum is obtained from the time signal. This happens, for example, via a Fourier transformation.
  • a value for an area (this measure can also be referred to as the area number) is then determined from the frequency spectrum. This builds on the knowledge that disturbances and in particular thermoacoustic effects show up as signals in the spectrum.
  • the area number therefore allows a statement to be made as to whether interference is present or whether the burning process is producing noise.
  • the setpoint for the control is adjusted accordingly, e.g. B. shifted so that the control takes place in a different air ratio range.
  • the measure of the surface area is obtained from a spectral range that is free from known interference such as e.g. B. the mains hum.
  • the evaluation of the area number has the advantage that frequency shifts due to changed environmental conditions or application conditions do not have to be taken into account and do not change the result of the evaluation.
  • the desired value is preferably adjusted when the determined dimension for the surface area deviates beyond a tolerance value from a predetermined reference value and/or a reference value determined for the burner.
  • the measure of the surface area obtained from the spectrum is related to a reference value. This is how the difference is formed, for example. If the difference becomes greater than a predefinable tolerance value, then this is interpreted by the control device to mean that a disturbance, in particular a thermoacoustic resonance, is present or is at least developing.
  • One embodiment of the method is that the ionization signal is subjected to a fast Fourier transformation.
  • the fast or Fast Fourier Transform allows a very effective method to transform time-discrete signals.
  • the controlled variable is adjusted based on the ionization signal.
  • the controlled variable is adapted based on the ionization signal.
  • information is thus extracted from the ionization signal, via which the controlled variable and the desired value are corrected. This results, for example, in a corrected controlled variable, the progression of which allows better control or even reliable control in the first place.
  • the air/fuel mixture is adjusted in such a way that combustion is as clean as possible, but also as low-noise as possible.
  • regulation is therefore carried out so that resonances that result from thermoacoustic effects disappear or at least are reduced.
  • thermoacoustic effects show up much earlier in the ionization signal than they lead to clearly audible noises.
  • at least one value of an absolute value of the ionization voltage is determined from the ionization signal and used as a controlled variable.
  • the amplitude of the ionization voltage is used as the controlled variable.
  • a target value is preferably a target amount of the voltage value.
  • a supplementary or alternative embodiment of the method is such that several individual values of an amount of the ionization voltage are determined from the ionization signal, that a scatter is determined from the individual values, and that the controlled variable is determined as a function of the scatter.
  • individual values for the magnitude of the ionization voltage are determined from the ionization signal.
  • a scatter ie a measure of the deviation of the individual values from a mean value, is determined. The scatter is then used to correct the controlled variable.
  • This variant of the method is based on the finding that the ionization voltage can change significantly when there are disturbances and in particular when thermoacoustic effects are present.
  • the variation of the voltage values is reflected in the scattering, so that a variable for further processing and in particular for determining a controlled variable results. Accordingly, based on an increasing scattering of the individual values, it can be concluded that, for example, a disturbing noise is occurring. It is therefore possible to react earlier and take countermeasures accordingly.
  • the ionization signals come from a predefinable period of time in which the air ratio is essentially constant or changes only within a predefinable range. In particular, no changes are made to the settings for the period of averaging.
  • a mean value and the scatter are determined from the individual values, and that the controlled variable is determined as the difference between the mean value and the scatter.
  • a mean value of the absolute value of the ionization voltage is formed over a period of time. The scatter of the voltage values is then subtracted from this mean value. This difference is used, for example, as a controlled variable. The larger the scatter and thus the fluctuation of the ionization voltage, the smaller the controlled variable.
  • the individual values are evaluated in the manner of a moving average.
  • the ionization signals are evaluated at a predetermined time interval (e.g. every five minutes) in a time interval of a predetermined width (eg the measurements within five seconds).
  • the combustion behavior of the burner is essentially permanently regulated and the scattering of the individual values is determined continuously in the sense of the sliding averaging.
  • the method is designed, for example, in such a way that the operation of the burner is regulated to a desired, specifiable operating point. This is, for example, with the lambda value 1.5. If the environmental conditions change - e.g. B. by a change in air pressure - in one direction, z. B. in the direction of a lean mixture of air and fuel, this is reflected in the increasing scatter. Above all, the scatter changes before the mean value moves outside a predeterminable tolerance range.
  • control in the richer range is triggered.
  • the rule here is that in the normal case without interference, the ionization voltage decreases as the air ratio increases. Experiments have shown that the ionization voltage increases or remains constant in the area of disturbances.
  • the aforementioned configuration with the difference between the mean value and the scatter results in a control variable that can be controlled, e.g. B. using a PID controller.
  • One embodiment of the method consists in the air-fuel mixture being adjusted in the manner of a PID controller as a function of the controlled variable.
  • a PID controller is present or its behavior is implemented accordingly in order to regulate the combustion behavior.
  • a standard PID controller requires a continuous curve of the controlled variable. This is what the aforementioned variants of the method offer.
  • the controlled variable is determined permanently or at specified points in time.
  • the invention solves the problem with a burner arrangement having a burner, a heat exchanger, an ionization electrode, an air-fuel mixture supply and a control device, the control device receiving and evaluating ionization signals measured by the ionization electrode, the Control device acting on the basis of the evaluation of the ionization signals on the air-fuel mixture supply regulating, and wherein the control device is designed such that the control device implements the method according to one of the configurations described above or below.
  • the explanations and configurations also apply accordingly to the burner arrangement, so that they are not repeated.
  • the burner arrangement is, for example, part of a device for heating room air and/or a liquid, e.g. e.g. water.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a burner arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 a) and b) curves of the ionization voltage and the number of areas at different outputs of the burner
  • FIG. 5 two curves with a value of the ionization voltage and a controlled variable determined therefrom as a function of the air ratio.
  • 1 schematically shows a burner arrangement with a burner 1 which is supplied with an air-fuel mixture via an air-fuel mixture supply 2 .
  • the fuel is, for example, a combustible gas such as propane or butane.
  • the flue gas generated when the air-fuel mixture is burned is fed to a heat exchanger 3, which transfers the thermal energy to water or air.
  • There is an ionization electrode 4 for monitoring the combustion process which is arranged relative to the burner 1 in such a way that it protrudes into the flame produced during combustion.
  • an ionization voltage or an ionization current can be measured as an ionization signal via the ionization electrode 4 .
  • the ionization signal is fed to the control device 5 for evaluation.
  • the control device 5 acts on the air/fuel mixture supply 2 by changing the proportion of fuel and/or air, for example. The aim is to ensure that combustion is as low-emission and low-noise as possible.
  • thermoacoustic effects in particular occurring as disturbances. These noises are then avoided or at least reduced by changing the mixing ratio.
  • FIG. 2a shows a spectrum of the ionization signal obtained by an FFT without an audible thermoacoustic resonance.
  • the frequency in Hz is plotted on the x-axis.
  • the signal was obtained at an air ratio of 1.2.
  • an area in a frequency range of the spectrum is determined in the evaluation according to one embodiment and used for a controlled variable.
  • the curves of the mean values of the voltage values of the ionization signals are shown as a function of the air ratio.
  • the graphs differ with regard to the power generated by the burner: in FIG. 3 a) the power is 1 kW and in FIG. 3 b) 3.5 kW.
  • FIG. 3a shows the situation in which no thermoacoustic resonance occurs when the air ratio changes.
  • the higher the air ratio the more the amount of the ionization voltage decreases. Since there is no noise, there is no additional signal in the spectrum, so that the integral of the frequency range, i.e. the area number, remains constant.
  • FIG. 4 shows the fluctuations that result in the measured values of the ionization voltage when disturbances occur.
  • the lambda value is plotted on the outer y-axis and the magnitude of the ionization voltage on the inner y-axis.
  • the time is plotted on the x-axis.
  • the lambda values were increased in discrete steps, which can be seen from the stair-step shape of the dashed line.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de régulation d'un brûleur (1) alimenté en un mélange air-combustible. Une grandeur de régulation est déterminée à partir d'un signal d'ionisation et le mélange air/combustible est réglé en fonction de la grandeur de régulation et d'une valeur de consigne. Le signal d'ionisation permet d'obtenir un spectre à partir duquel est déterminée une cote dimensionnelle de la surface. La valeur de consigne est adaptée en fonction de la cote dimensionnelle de la surface. En outre, l'agencement se rapporte à un agencement de brûleur doté d'un brûleur (1).
EP22840020.6A 2021-12-14 2022-11-30 Procédé de réglage d'un brûleur et agencement de brûleur doté d'un brûleur Active EP4449020B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021006182.9A DE102021006182A1 (de) 2021-12-14 2021-12-14 Verfahren zum Regeln eines Brenners sowie Brenneranordnung mit einem Brenner
PCT/EP2022/025541 WO2023110144A1 (fr) 2021-12-14 2022-11-30 Procédé de réglage d'un brûleur et agencement de brûleur doté d'un brûleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4449020A1 true EP4449020A1 (fr) 2024-10-23
EP4449020B1 EP4449020B1 (fr) 2025-11-19

Family

ID=84901798

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22840020.6A Active EP4449020B1 (fr) 2021-12-14 2022-11-30 Procédé de réglage d'un brûleur et agencement de brûleur doté d'un brûleur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20250035310A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4449020B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN118475796A (fr)
AU (1) AU2022416361A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102021006182A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023110144A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PT118977A (pt) * 2023-10-12 2025-04-14 Bosch Termotecnologia Sa Método para determinar e/ou usar a potência de operação de um dispositivo de combustão

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19502901C2 (de) 1995-01-31 2000-02-24 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Regeleinrichtung für einen Gasbrenner
ATE189301T1 (de) * 1995-10-25 2000-02-15 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und schaltung zur regelung eines gasbrenners
DE19631821C2 (de) 1996-08-07 1999-08-12 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Sicherheits-Flammenüberwachung bei einem Gasbrenner
US6356199B1 (en) 2000-10-31 2002-03-12 Abb Inc. Diagnostic ionic flame monitor
DE10220773A1 (de) 2002-05-10 2003-11-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Regelung eines Verbrennungsprozesses, insbesondere eines Brenners
DE10220772A1 (de) 2002-05-10 2003-11-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Regelung eines Verbrennungsprozesses
US9366433B2 (en) 2010-09-16 2016-06-14 Emerson Electric Co. Control for monitoring flame integrity in a heating appliance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20250035310A1 (en) 2025-01-30
CN118475796A (zh) 2024-08-09
EP4449020B1 (fr) 2025-11-19
AU2022416361A1 (en) 2024-05-09
DE102021006182A1 (de) 2023-06-15
WO2023110144A1 (fr) 2023-06-22

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