EP4449020B1 - Procédé de réglage d'un brûleur et agencement de brûleur doté d'un brûleur - Google Patents

Procédé de réglage d'un brûleur et agencement de brûleur doté d'un brûleur

Info

Publication number
EP4449020B1
EP4449020B1 EP22840020.6A EP22840020A EP4449020B1 EP 4449020 B1 EP4449020 B1 EP 4449020B1 EP 22840020 A EP22840020 A EP 22840020A EP 4449020 B1 EP4449020 B1 EP 4449020B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ionization
burner
air
determined
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22840020.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4449020A1 (fr
Inventor
Wilhelm Laux
Bastian Rothmer
Daniel Schättler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Truma Geraetetechnik GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Truma Geraetetechnik GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Truma Geraetetechnik GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Truma Geraetetechnik GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP4449020A1 publication Critical patent/EP4449020A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4449020B1 publication Critical patent/EP4449020B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/36—PID signal processing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/42—Function generator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a burner. Furthermore, the invention relates to a burner arrangement comprising a burner.
  • the burner is, for example, part of a device for heating ambient air and/or a liquid, e.g., domestic hot water.
  • Burners are used in heating systems or water heaters, where the thermal energy generated by burning an air-fuel mixture is transferred via a heat exchanger to room air and/or a liquid, e.g., water.
  • the fuel used can be, for example, propane, butane, gasoline, or diesel.
  • ionization electrodes which utilize the ionization effect of a flame.
  • the measured ionization signal in the form of a voltage or current signal, is evaluated and used to control the combustion behavior, for example, by adjusting the air-fuel ratio (also known as lambda or air ratio) as the mass ratio of combustion air to fuel.
  • the air-fuel ratio also known as lambda or air ratio
  • a gas valve and a combustion air blower are controlled depending on the ionization signal.
  • a method for monitoring a gas burner using the ionization signal is disclosed, for example, in the following: DE 196 31 821 A1 .
  • Gas burners, and especially fan-operated gas burners, particularly as part of mobile heating devices, are frequently exposed to changing environmental conditions, which can lead to variable combustion behavior (see e.g. the DE 102 20 773 A1
  • environmental parameters include air pressure, combustion air temperature, gas pressure (i.e., the pressure at which the fuel gas is supplied), and the gas's calorific value.
  • the composition of the fuel gas can also vary. This is the case, for example, with typical gas mixtures such as LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas; autogas).
  • LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas; autogas
  • unfavorable combustion conditions can lead to other problems. Thermoacoustic effects can cause disturbing noises, which can also be avoided or at least significantly reduced by adjusting the air ratio.
  • the EP 2 431 663 B1 It can be seen that the ionization signals undergo a Fourier transform and the resulting spectra are evaluated. Reference spectra are generated for different burner types and compared with currently acquired spectra. If combustion instability is detected during operation, the supply of combustion air and/or gas is adjusted until a spectrum indicating stable combustion is measured. For the evaluation, the peaks of the spectra are considered individually.
  • the EP 0 770 824 A2 Disclosing a method for controlling a premix burner. Starting from a measured ionization signal, a control variable is determined, and the air-fuel mixture is adjusted based on this control variable and at least one setpoint. A calibration signal is determined from a frequency range of the ionization signal, and the setpoint is adjusted based on this calibration signal.
  • a disadvantage of the spectral analysis has been found to be that changes to the combustion system, which includes the burner, lead to frequency shifts in the spectral peaks. Such changes include, for example, differing temperature profiles, modifications to the combustion air or exhaust system, or alterations to the burner surface. This reflects the fact that, with the aforementioned method, each burner type, and therefore each system in which the burner is used, requires its own reference spectrum. It should be noted, however, that changes to the system can occur due to use or aging. Furthermore, it is a disadvantage that the spectra exhibit interference originating from outside the system and unrelated to combustion, such as the 50 Hz mains signal. Overall, the analysis is therefore very complex.
  • the object underlying the invention is therefore to propose a method for monitoring a combustion process that is as simple as possible and yet reliable.
  • the invention solves the problem by a method for controlling a burner, wherein the burner is supplied with an air-fuel mixture, wherein an ionization signal is measured, wherein a control variable is determined from the ionization signal, wherein the air-fuel mixture is adjusted depending on the control variable and at least one setpoint, wherein a spectrum is obtained from the ionization signal, wherein a measure for an area is determined from the spectrum or from at least one frequency range of the spectrum, and wherein the setpoint is adjusted depending on the measure for the area.
  • the ionization signal is used to control combustion.
  • a control variable is derived from the ionization signal.
  • a setpoint is used in the control process, which is, for example, initially predefined or determined for the specific application. Based on the ionization signal, the setpoint is adjusted according to the invention. Information is thus extracted from the ionization signal, which is used to correct the setpoint. For example, a disturbance, such as noise generation, can be avoided by using the corrected setpoint, as the control takes place in a different lambda range.
  • a frequency spectrum is derived from the time signal. This is done, for example, via a Fourier transform.
  • a value for an area (this measure can also be referred to as the area ratio) is then determined from the frequency spectrum. This is based on the understanding that disturbances, and in particular thermoacoustic effects, manifest themselves as signals in the spectrum. Therefore, the area ratio allows a statement to be made as to whether disturbances are present or whether the combustion process generates noise. In order to leave this noise-laden operating range, the setpoint for the control is adjusted accordingly, e.g., shifted, so that the control takes place in a different air ratio range.
  • the measure for the area is derived from a spectral range that is free of known disturbances such as mains hum.
  • the evaluation of the area ratio has the advantage that frequency shifts due to changed environmental conditions or application conditions do not need to be taken into account or do not change the result of the evaluation.
  • the setpoint is adjusted if the determined area measurement deviates from a predefined reference value and/or a reference value determined for the burner beyond a tolerance value.
  • the area measurement obtained from the spectrum is compared to a reference value. For example, the difference is calculated. If the difference exceeds a predefined tolerance value, the control device interprets this as indicating that a disturbance, in particular a thermoacoustic resonance, is present or at least incipient.
  • One embodiment of the method involves subjecting the ionization signal to a Fast Fourier Transform.
  • the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a very efficient method for transforming discrete-time signals.
  • the controlled variable is adjusted based on the ionization signal.
  • the controlled variable is adjusted based on the ionization signal. Information is thus extracted from the ionization signal, which is used to correct the controlled variable and the setpoint. This results, for example, in a corrected controlled variable whose behavior allows for better, or even reliable, control.
  • the air-fuel mixture is adjusted to ensure both the cleanest and quietest possible combustion.
  • the system is therefore regulated to eliminate or at least reduce resonances caused by thermoacoustic effects.
  • thermoacoustic effects appear in the ionization signal much earlier than they lead to clearly audible noise.
  • At least one value representing the magnitude of the ionization voltage is determined from the ionization signal and used as the controlled variable.
  • the amplitude of the ionization voltage thus serves as the controlled variable.
  • a setpoint is preferably a setpoint of the voltage value.
  • An additional or alternative embodiment of the method involves determining several individual values of the ionization voltage magnitude from the ionization signal, calculating the variance from these individual values, and determining the controlled variable as a function of this variance.
  • individual values for the ionization voltage magnitude are determined from the ionization signal.
  • the variance that is, a measure of the deviation of the individual values from a mean value—is calculated.
  • This variance then serves to correct the controlled variable.
  • This variant of the method is based on the observation that the ionization voltage can change significantly when disturbances are present, and especially when thermoacoustic effects occur.
  • the variation in voltage values manifests itself in the variance, providing a parameter for further processing and, in particular, for determining a controlled variable. Accordingly, an increasing variance in the individual values can indicate, for example, the occurrence of a disturbing noise. Therefore, a correspondingly earlier response and countermeasure can be implemented.
  • the ionization signals are taken from a predefined period during which the air-fuel ratio is essentially constant or changes only within a predefined range. Therefore, no changes are made to the settings during the averaging period.
  • a mean value and the standard deviation are calculated from the individual values, and the controlled variable is determined as the difference between the mean value and the standard deviation.
  • a mean value of the ionization voltage is calculated over a time period. The standard deviation of the voltage values is then subtracted from this mean value. This difference serves, for example, as the controlled variable. The greater the standard deviation and thus the fluctuation of the ionization voltage, the smaller the controlled variable becomes.
  • the individual values are evaluated using a moving average.
  • the ionization signals are evaluated at a predefined time interval (e.g., every five minutes) within a time interval of a predetermined width (e.g., measurements within five seconds).
  • the burner's combustion behavior is essentially continuously controlled, and the variance of individual values is continuously determined using a moving average.
  • the process is designed, for example, to regulate the burner's operation to a desired, predefined operating point. This could be, for instance, a lambda value of 1.5. If the ambient conditions change—e.g., due to a change in air pressure—in one direction, such as towards a leaner air-fuel mixture, this is reflected in the increasing variance. The variance changes primarily before the mean value shifts outside a predefined tolerance range. If, in particular, the difference between the mean value and the variance is used as the controlled variable, regulation towards a richer mixture is triggered.
  • One implementation of the method involves adjusting the air-fuel mixture according to the controlled variable, similar to a PID controller.
  • a PID controller is either present or its behavior is implemented to control the combustion process.
  • a typical PID controller requires a continuous curve for the controlled variable. The aforementioned variations of the method provide this.
  • the controlled variable is determined continuously or at predetermined times.
  • the invention solves the problem by means of a burner arrangement comprising a burner, a heat exchanger, an ionization electrode, an air-fuel mixture supply, and a control device, wherein the control device receives and evaluates ionization signals measured by the ionization electrode, wherein the control device regulates the air-fuel mixture supply based on the evaluation of the ionization signals, and wherein the control device is designed such that it implements the method according to one of the embodiments described above or below.
  • the explanations and embodiments also apply accordingly to the burner arrangement, so repetition is omitted.
  • the burner arrangement is, for example, part of a device for heating room air and/or a liquid, e.g., water.
  • the Fig. 1 Figure 1 schematically shows a burner arrangement with a burner 1, which is supplied with an air-fuel mixture via an air-fuel mixture supply 2.
  • the fuel is, for example, a combustible gas such as propane or butane.
  • the flue gas produced during combustion of the air-fuel mixture is fed to a heat exchanger 3, which transfers the thermal energy to water or air.
  • An ionization electrode 4 is provided for monitoring the combustion process. It is positioned relative to the burner 1 such that it protrudes into the flame produced during combustion.
  • an ionization voltage or an ionization current can be measured as an ionization signal via the ionization electrode 4.
  • the ionization signal is fed to the control device 5 for evaluation. Based on the control variable obtained, the control device 5 acts on the air-fuel mixture supply 2, for example, by changing the fuel and/or air ratio. This is with the aim of achieving combustion with the lowest possible emissions and noise levels.
  • thermoacoustic effects in particular occur as disturbances. These noises are subsequently avoided or at least reduced by changing the mixing ratio.
  • the Fig. 2 a This shows a spectrum of the ionization signal obtained by an FFT without an audible thermoacoustic resonance.
  • the x-axis represents the frequency in Hz.
  • the signal was acquired at an air-fuel ratio of 1.2.
  • a mains voltage signal is visible at 50 Hz.
  • the spectrum shows a signal around 104 Hz, which is accompanied by an audible thermoacoustic resonance.
  • the spectrum was recorded at an air-fuel ratio of 1.6.
  • an area in a frequency range of the spectrum is determined during the evaluation according to a specific design and used for a controlled variable.
  • the graphs show the average voltage values of the ionization signals (solid line and left y-axis) and the determined area coefficients (dashed line and right y-axis) as a function of the air-fuel ratio.
  • the graphs differ with respect to the power output of the burner: in the Fig. 3 a) The power output is 1 kW and at the Fig. 3 b) 3.5 kW.
  • the Fig. 3 a This illustrates the case where changing the air-fuel ratio does not result in thermoacoustic resonance.
  • the Fig. 4 This graph shows the fluctuations in the measured ionization voltage values when disturbances occur.
  • the outer y-axis represents the lambda value
  • the inner y-axis the magnitude of the ionization voltage
  • the x-axis represents time.
  • the lambda values were increased in discrete steps, as indicated by the step-like shape of the dashed line.
  • the solid curve represents the unprocessed mean value of the ionization voltage.
  • the dashed curve represents the difference between the mean value and the corresponding standard deviation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé de réglage d'un brûleur (1),
    le brûleur (1) étant alimenté en un mélange d'air et de combustible,
    un signal d'ionisation étant mesuré,
    une grandeur de réglage étant déterminée à partir du signal d'ionisation,
    le mélange d'air et de combustible étant ajusté en fonction de la grandeur de réglage et d'au moins une valeur de consigne,
    un spectre étant obtenu à partir du signal d'ionisation, en particulier par une transformation de Fourier,
    une mesure pour une superficie étant déterminée à partir du spectre ou d'au moins une plage de fréquences du spectre, et
    la valeur de consigne étant adaptée en fonction de la mesure pour la superficie.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    au moins une valeur d'un montant de la tension d'ionisation étant déterminée à partir du signal d'ionisation et étant utilisée en tant que grandeur de réglage.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    plusieurs valeurs individuelles d'un montant de la tension d'ionisation étant déterminées à partir du signal d'ionisation,
    une dispersion étant déterminée à partir des valeurs individuelles, et
    la grandeur de réglage étant adaptée en fonction de la dispersion.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3,
    une valeur moyenne et la dispersion étant déterminées à partir des valeurs individuelles, et
    la grandeur de réglage étant déterminée en tant que différence entre la valeur moyenne et la dispersion.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    le mélange d'air et de carburant étant ajusté à la manière d'un régulateur PID en fonction de la grandeur de réglage.
  6. Agencement de brûleur comprenant un brûleur (1), un échangeur de chaleur (3), une électrode d'ionisation (4), une alimentation en mélange d'air et de combustible (2) et un dispositif de commande (5),
    le dispositif de commande (5) recevant et évaluant des signaux d'ionisation mesurés par l'électrode d'ionisation (4),
    le dispositif de commande (5) agissant de manière régulatrice sur l'alimentation en mélange d'air et de combustible (2) à partir de l'évaluation des signaux d'ionisation, et
    le dispositif de commande (5) étant réalisé de telle sorte que le dispositif de commande (5) met en œuvre le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5.
EP22840020.6A 2021-12-14 2022-11-30 Procédé de réglage d'un brûleur et agencement de brûleur doté d'un brûleur Active EP4449020B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021006182.9A DE102021006182A1 (de) 2021-12-14 2021-12-14 Verfahren zum Regeln eines Brenners sowie Brenneranordnung mit einem Brenner
PCT/EP2022/025541 WO2023110144A1 (fr) 2021-12-14 2022-11-30 Procédé de réglage d'un brûleur et agencement de brûleur doté d'un brûleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4449020A1 EP4449020A1 (fr) 2024-10-23
EP4449020B1 true EP4449020B1 (fr) 2025-11-19

Family

ID=84901798

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22840020.6A Active EP4449020B1 (fr) 2021-12-14 2022-11-30 Procédé de réglage d'un brûleur et agencement de brûleur doté d'un brûleur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20250035310A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4449020B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN118475796A (fr)
AU (1) AU2022416361A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102021006182A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023110144A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PT118977A (pt) * 2023-10-12 2025-04-14 Bosch Termotecnologia Sa Método para determinar e/ou usar a potência de operação de um dispositivo de combustão

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19502901C2 (de) 1995-01-31 2000-02-24 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Regeleinrichtung für einen Gasbrenner
ATE189301T1 (de) * 1995-10-25 2000-02-15 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und schaltung zur regelung eines gasbrenners
DE19631821C2 (de) 1996-08-07 1999-08-12 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Sicherheits-Flammenüberwachung bei einem Gasbrenner
US6356199B1 (en) 2000-10-31 2002-03-12 Abb Inc. Diagnostic ionic flame monitor
DE10220773A1 (de) 2002-05-10 2003-11-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Regelung eines Verbrennungsprozesses, insbesondere eines Brenners
DE10220772A1 (de) 2002-05-10 2003-11-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Regelung eines Verbrennungsprozesses
US9366433B2 (en) 2010-09-16 2016-06-14 Emerson Electric Co. Control for monitoring flame integrity in a heating appliance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20250035310A1 (en) 2025-01-30
CN118475796A (zh) 2024-08-09
AU2022416361A1 (en) 2024-05-09
DE102021006182A1 (de) 2023-06-15
EP4449020A1 (fr) 2024-10-23
WO2023110144A1 (fr) 2023-06-22

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