EP4489280A1 - Vorwärtswandler und vorwärtsleistungsfaktorkorrektor - Google Patents

Vorwärtswandler und vorwärtsleistungsfaktorkorrektor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4489280A1
EP4489280A1 EP24185495.9A EP24185495A EP4489280A1 EP 4489280 A1 EP4489280 A1 EP 4489280A1 EP 24185495 A EP24185495 A EP 24185495A EP 4489280 A1 EP4489280 A1 EP 4489280A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
auxiliary
terminal
winding
diode
capacitor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP24185495.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wen-Tien Tsai
Ching-Ran Lee
Le-Ren Chang-Chien
Chun-Wei Lin
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Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
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Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
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Publication date
Priority claimed from TW112137010A external-priority patent/TWI885499B/zh
Application filed by Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI filed Critical Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
Publication of EP4489280A1 publication Critical patent/EP4489280A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/342—Active non-dissipative snubbers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33538—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
    • H02M3/33546—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current
    • H02M3/33553—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/16—Means for providing current step on switching, e.g. with saturable reactor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4258—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a single converter stage both for correction of AC input power factor and generation of a regulated and galvanically isolated DC output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33538—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a forward converter and forward power factor corrector.
  • this disclosure provides a forward converter and forward power factor corrector.
  • a forward converter includes a voltage conversion device, a switch and an auxiliary device.
  • the voltage conversion device includes a primary winding and a secondary winding and is configured to convert an input voltage into an output voltage.
  • the switch is connected to the voltage conversion device and is configured to be switched to make the voltage conversion device receive or not receive the input voltage.
  • the auxiliary device is connected to the voltage conversion device, stores electrical energy released by the voltage conversion device and generating a compensation voltage when the switch is cut off, and providing the compensation voltage when the switch is turned on, wherein the compensation voltage and the input voltage have same polarity.
  • a forward power factor corrector includes the forward converter described above and a rectifying device connected to the forward converter and configured to receive and rectify a power source to generate the input voltage.
  • the forward converter may have the advantages of high conversion efficiency, meet the demagnetization requirements of the windings of a voltage converter, be able to provide compensation voltage, be smaller in size and light in weight, and may do so without adding additional complex and high-cost structure.
  • the forward power factor corrector including the forward converter described above of the present disclosure in addition to the above advantageous, may also reduce the current dead zone through the compensation voltage of the auxiliary device, and may achieve the effects of high power factor and low harmonic rate.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a forward converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the forward converter 1 includes a switch 10, a voltage conversion device 20 and an auxiliary device 30.
  • the switch 10 is connected to the voltage conversion device 20, and the voltage conversion device 20 is connected to the auxiliary device 30.
  • the switch 10 is configured to be switched to make the voltage conversion device 20 receive or not receive an input voltage.
  • the switch 10 may be an active power switch element, and is configured to be triggered to be cut off or turned on, so that the voltage conversion device 20 receives or does not receive the input voltage.
  • the voltage conversion device 20 includes a primary winding 201 and a secondary winding 202, and the voltage conversion device 20 is configured to convert the input voltage into the output voltage.
  • the primary winding 201 and the secondary winding 202 each includes one or more coils.
  • the voltage conversion device 20 may further include a fly wheeling diode, an energy storage inductor and an output capacitor.
  • a first terminal of the energy storage inductor may be configured to output the output voltage.
  • a cathode of the fly wheeling diode and a second terminal of the energy storage inductor may be commonly connected to a first node, and the first node may be connected to the auxiliary device 30.
  • a terminal of the output capacitor may be connected to another terminal of the energy storage inductor, and another terminal of the output capacitor may be connected to an anode of the fly wheeling diode.
  • the auxiliary device 30 may include one or more passive elements.
  • a terminal of the auxiliary device 30 is connected to the secondary winding 202, and another terminal of the auxiliary device 30 is connected to the second terminal of the energy storage inductor of the voltage conversion device 20.
  • a terminal of the auxiliary device 30 may be configured to receive the input voltage, and another terminal of the auxiliary device 30 is connected to the primary winding 201.
  • the forward converter may have the function of demagnetization and may provide the compensation voltage when the switch is turned on. Specifically, in the application of an alternating current input, the compensation voltage may ease the situation of current dead zone.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a forward power factor corrector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the forward power factor corrector 100 includes a forward converter 1 and a rectifying device 2.
  • the forward converter 1 may be the forward converter 1 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the rectifying device 2 is connected to a power source V s and the forward converter 1.
  • the rectifying device 2 is configured to receive and rectify the power source V s to generate the input voltage described above.
  • the power source V s may provide alternating current
  • the alternating current is converted into a direct current by the rectifying device 2, and the direct current is provided to the forward converter 1.
  • the forward converter 1 converts the input voltage into the output voltage V o , wherein the output voltage V o may be output to a load connected to the forward converter 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a forward power factor corrector according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the forward power factor corrector 100' includes a forward converter 1, a rectifying device 2 and a filtering device 3.
  • the rectifying device 2 is connected to the forward converter 1 and the filtering device 3, wherein the connection and operation of the forward converter 1 and the rectifying device 2 are the same as the embodiment described above, and their detail descriptions are not repeated herein.
  • the filtering device 3 is connected between the rectifying device 2 and the power source V s , to first filter the alternating current and then transmit the filtered alternating current to the rectifying device 2 to perform alternating current-direct current conversion.
  • FIG. 4 exemplarily illustrates circuit diagrams of the rectifying device 2 and the filtering device 3 included in the forward power factor corrector 100' of FIG. 3 .
  • the rectifying device 2 may include a first diode D 21 , a second diode D 22 , a third diode D 23 and a fourth diode D 24 .
  • An anode of the first diode D 21 is connected to a cathode of the third diode D 23 .
  • a cathode of the first diode D 21 is connected to a cathode of the second diode D 22 .
  • the filtering device 3 may include a capacitor D f and an inductor L ⁇ .
  • a first terminal of the capacitor D f is connected to a first terminal of the inductor L f , an anode of the first diode D 21 and a cathode of the third diode D 23 .
  • a second terminal of the capacitor D f is connected to the power source V s , an anode of the second diode D 22 and a cathode of the fourth diode D 24 .
  • a second terminal of the inductor L f is connected to the power source V s .
  • the filtering device 3 is configured to receive and filter the power source V s to generate the filtered power source V s .
  • the rectifying device 2 is configured to receive and rectify the filtered power source V s to form the input voltage V i between the cathode of the second diode D 22 and the anode of the fourth diode D24.
  • the forward converter 1 converts the input voltage V i into the output voltage V o , wherein the output voltage V o may be output to a load connected to the forward converter 1.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the basic circuit for implementing the rectifying device 2 and the filtering device 3, FIG. 4 does not intend to limit that the rectifying device 2 and the filtering device 3 can only be implemented by the circuit structure shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the filtering device 3 shown in FIG. 4 is selectively disposed.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of illustrating the forward converter according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the forward converter 1_1 includes a switch 10_1, a voltage conversion device 20_1 and an auxiliary device 30_1.
  • the switch 10_1 includes an active power switch element Q1.
  • the voltage conversion device 20_1 includes a primary winding N1 and a secondary winding N2, the fly wheeling diode D1 as described above, an energy storage inductor L1 and an output capacitor C1.
  • the auxiliary device 30_1 includes an auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • the first terminal of the energy storage inductor L1 is configured to output the output voltage V o
  • the second terminal of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected to the cathode of the fly wheeling diode D1.
  • a terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca of the auxiliary device 30_1 is connected to the secondary winding N2, and another terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca is connected to the second terminal of the energy storage inductor L1 and the cathode of the fly wheeling diode D1.
  • FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C illustrate a first operation mode, a second operation mode and a third operation mode of the forward converter of FIG. 5 , respectively.
  • the active power switch element Q1 in the first operation mode, the active power switch element Q1 is turned on, and the fly wheeling diode D1 is cut off.
  • the input voltage V i is provided to the primary winding N1 of the voltage conversion device 20_1, the induced voltage of the secondary winding N2 and the compensation voltage V ca of the auxiliary capacitor Ca of the voltage conversion device 20_1 both charge the output capacitor C1.
  • the energy storage inductor L1 stores energy, the auxiliary capacitor Ca is in a discharge state. This operation mode continues until the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, and the second operation mode is entered.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, and the fly wheeling diode D1 is turned on.
  • the magnetized secondary winding N2 may be demagnetized through the path formed from the fly wheeling diode D1 to the auxiliary capacitor Ca, and the auxiliary capacitor Ca may be charged to build the compensation voltage V ca .
  • the energy storage inductor L1 may release energy through the path formed from the output capacitor C1 and the fly wheeling diode D1. This operation mode continues until the secondary winding N2 and the energy storage inductor L1 discharge all energy, and the third operation mode is entered.
  • the forward converter 1_1 returns to the first operation mode of FIG. 6A .
  • the third operation mode may not need to exist. That is, after the second operation mode, the operation may directly return to the first operation mode.
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of illustrating the forward converter according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the forward converter 1_2 includes a switch 10_2, a voltage conversion device 20_2 and an auxiliary device 30_2, wherein circuit/device implementations, functions and connections of the switch 10_2 and the voltage conversion device 20_2 may all be the same as the switch 10_1 and the voltage conversion device 20_1 included in the forward converter 1_1 of FIG. 5 .
  • the auxiliary device 30_2 includes an auxiliary capacitor Ca, an auxiliary diode Da1 and an auxiliary winding La1.
  • An anode of the auxiliary diode Da1 is connected to the first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • the auxiliary winding La1 is inductively coupled to the energy storage inductor L1 of the voltage conversion device 20_2.
  • a terminal of the auxiliary winding La1 is connected to the cathode of the auxiliary diode Da1, and another terminal of the auxiliary winding La1 is connected to the second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • FIG. 8A to FIG. 8D illustrate a first operation mode, a second operation mode, a third operation mode and a fourth operation mode of the forward converter of FIG. 7 , respectively.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is turned on, the auxiliary diode Da1 is cut off, the fly wheeling diode D1 is cut off.
  • the input voltage V i is provided to the primary winding N1 of the voltage conversion device 20_2.
  • the induced voltage of the secondary winding N2 and the compensation voltage V ca of the auxiliary capacitor Ca of the voltage conversion device 20_2 both charge the output capacitor C1.
  • the energy storage inductor L1 stores energy
  • the auxiliary capacitor Ca is in a discharge state
  • the compensation voltage V ca deceases. This operation mode continues until the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, and the second operation mode is entered.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, the auxiliary diode Da1 is turned on, the fly wheeling diode D1 is cut off.
  • the magnetized secondary winding N2 may be demagnetized through the path formed from the auxiliary diode Da1 to the auxiliary capacitor Ca, and the auxiliary capacitor Ca may be charged to build the compensation voltage V ca , and the compensation voltage V ca increases.
  • the energy storage inductor L1 may discharge stored energy to the auxiliary capacitor Ca through the auxiliary winding La1.
  • This operation mode continues until the compensation voltage V ca is equal to the first mapped voltage, and the third operation mode is entered.
  • the first mapped voltage is an equivalent voltage of the output voltage V o mapped to the auxiliary winding La1 side according to a turn ratio of the energy storage inductor L1 and the auxiliary winding La1.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, the auxiliary diode Da1 is cut off, the fly wheeling diode D1 is turned on.
  • the magnetized secondary winding N2 is continuously demagnetized through the path formed from the fly wheeling diode D1 to the auxiliary capacitor Ca, and the auxiliary capacitor Ca may be charged to build the compensation voltage V ca .
  • the inductor L1 releases the stored energy through the path formed by the fly wheeling diode D1 and the output capacitor C1. This operation mode continues until all energy stored in the energy storage inductor L1 and the magnetized secondary winding N2 is released, and the fourth operation mode is entered.
  • the active power switch element Q1, the fly wheeling diode D1 and the auxiliary diode Da1 are cut off, and the forward converter does not perform conversion.
  • the energy stored by the output capacitor C1 may continue to provide current to the load.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is turned on again, energy stored by the auxiliary capacitor Ca is used to charge the output capacitor C1. That is, the forward converter 1_2 returns to the first operation mode of FIG. 8A .
  • the fourth operation mode may not need to exist. That is, after the third operation mode, the operation may directly return to the first operation mode.
  • FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of illustrating the forward converter according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the forward converter 1_3 includes a switch 10_3, a voltage conversion device 20_3 and an auxiliary device 30_3, wherein circuit/device implementations, functions and connections of the switch 10_3 and the voltage conversion device 20_3 may all be the same as the switch 10_1 and the voltage conversion device 20_1 included in the forward converter 1_1 of FIG. 5 , and their detail descriptions are not repeated herein.
  • the auxiliary device 30_2 includes an auxiliary capacitor Ca, an auxiliary diode Da2 and an auxiliary winding La2.
  • An anode of the auxiliary diode Da2 is connected to the first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • the auxiliary winding La2 is inductively coupled to the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2.
  • a terminal of the auxiliary winding La2 is connected to the cathode of the auxiliary diode Da2, and another terminal of the auxiliary winding La2 is connected to the second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • FIG. 10A to FIG. 10C illustrate a first operation mode, a second operation mode and a third operation mode of the forward converter of FIG. 9 , respectively.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is turned on, the auxiliary diode Da2 is cut off, the fly wheeling diode D1 is cut off.
  • the input voltage V i is provided to the primary winding N1 of the voltage conversion device 20_3.
  • the induced voltage of the secondary winding N2 and the compensation voltage V ca of the auxiliary capacitor Ca of the voltage conversion device 20_3 both charge the output capacitor C1.
  • the energy storage inductor L1 stores energy
  • the auxiliary capacitor Ca is in a discharge state. This operation mode continues until the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, and the second operation mode is entered.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, the auxiliary diode Da2 is turned on, the fly wheeling diode D1 is cut off. Since the auxiliary winding La2 is inductively coupled to the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2, energy stored by the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2 may be released through the auxiliary winding La2 to perform demagnetization, and the auxiliary capacitor Ca may be charged to build the compensation voltage V ca .
  • the energy storage inductor L1 may release energy through the path formed by the output capacitor C1 and the fly wheeling diode D1. This operation mode continues until said demagnetization is completed, and the energy storage inductor L1 releases all energy.
  • the demagnetization performed by the auxiliary winding La2 through the auxiliary diode Da2 and the auxiliary capacitor Ca and the energy release performed by the energy storage inductor L1 through the output capacitor C1 and the fly wheeling diode D1 may be completed at different timings.
  • the auxiliary device 30_2 enters the third operation mode.
  • the forward converter 1_3 returns to the first operation mode.
  • the third operation mode may not need to exist. That is, after the second operation mode, the operation may directly return to the first operation mode.
  • FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of illustrating the forward converter according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the forward converter 1_4 includes a switch 10_4, a voltage conversion device 20_4 and an auxiliary device 30_4, wherein circuit/device implementations, functions and connections of the switch 10_4 may all be the same as that of the switch 10_1 included in the forward converter 1_1 of FIG. 5 , and circuit/device implementations, functions and connections of the voltage conversion device 20_4 may all be the same as that of the voltage conversion device 20_2 included in the forward converter 1_2 of FIG. 7 , and their detail descriptions are not repeated herein.
  • the auxiliary device 30_4 includes an auxiliary capacitor Ca, a first auxiliary diode Da2, a first auxiliary winding La2, a second auxiliary diode Da3 and a second auxiliary winding La3.
  • An anode of the first auxiliary diode Da2 is connected to the first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • the first auxiliary winding La2 is inductively coupled to the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2, wherein a terminal of the first auxiliary winding La2 is connected to a cathode of the first auxiliary diode Da2, and another terminal of the first auxiliary winding La2 is connected to the second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • An anode of the second auxiliary diode Da3 is connected to the first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • a terminal of the second auxiliary winding La3 is connected to a cathode of the second auxiliary diode Da3, and another terminal of the second auxiliary winding La3 is connected to the second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • the second auxiliary winding La3 is inductively coupled to the energy storage inductor L1.
  • FIG. 12A to FIG. 12D illustrate a first operation mode, a second operation mode, a third operation mode and a fourth operation mode of the forward converter of FIG. 11 , respectively.
  • the active power switch element Q1 in the first operation mode, the active power switch element Q1 is turned on, the first auxiliary diode Da2 is cut off, the second auxiliary diode Da3 is cut off, and the fly wheeling diode D1 is cut off.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is turned on, the input voltage V i is provided to the primary winding N1 of the voltage conversion device 20_4.
  • the induced voltage of the secondary winding N2 and the compensation voltage V ca of the auxiliary capacitor Ca of voltage conversion device 20_4 both charge the output capacitor C1.
  • the energy storage inductor L1 stores energy, the auxiliary capacitor Ca is in a discharge state. This operation mode continues until the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, and the second operation mode is entered.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, the first auxiliary diode Da2 is turned on, the second auxiliary diode Da3 is turned on, the fly wheeling diode D1 is cut off. Since the first auxiliary winding La2 is inductively coupled to the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2, by the inductor inductively coupled to the first auxiliary winding La2, the magnetized secondary winding N2 may release energy through the path formed from the first auxiliary diode Da2 to the auxiliary capacitor Ca to perform the demagnetization, and the auxiliary capacitor Ca may be charged to build the compensation voltage V ca .
  • the second mapped voltage is an equivalent voltage of the output voltage V o mapped to the second auxiliary winding La3 side according to a turn ratio of the energy storage inductor L1 and the second auxiliary winding La3.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, the first auxiliary diode Da2 is turned on, the second auxiliary diode Da3 is cut off, and the fly wheeling diode D1 is turned on.
  • the magnetized secondary winding N2 continues to perform the demagnetization through the path formed from the first auxiliary diode Da2 to the auxiliary capacitor Ca, and continues to charge the auxiliary capacitor Ca to build the compensation voltage V ca .
  • the energy storage inductor L1 continues to release energy to charge the output capacitor C1. This operation mode continues until the magnetized secondary winding N2 and energy stored by the energy storage inductor L1 is completely released, and the fourth operation mode is entered.
  • the currents on the auxiliary capacitor Ca and the energy storage inductor L1 are reduced to zero, and the first auxiliary diode Da2, the second auxiliary diode Da3 and the fly wheeling diode D1 are all in the cut-off state.
  • the energy stored by the output capacitor C1 may continue to provide current to the load.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is triggered to be turned on again, energy stored by the auxiliary capacitor Ca is used to charge the output capacitor C1. That is, the forward converter 1_4 returns to the first operation mode.
  • the fourth operation mode may not need to exist. That is, after the third operation mode, the operation may directly return to the first operation mode.
  • FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of illustrating the forward converter according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the forward converter 1_5 includes a switch 10_5, a voltage conversion device 20_5 and an auxiliary device 30_5, wherein circuit/device implementations and functions of the switch 10_5 may all be the same as that of the switch 10_1 included in the forward converter 1_1 of FIG. 5 , and their detail descriptions are not repeated herein.
  • the voltage conversion device 20_5 of the forward converter 1_5 further includes another fly wheeling diode D2.
  • An anode of the fly wheeling diode D2 is connected to the secondary winding N2, and a cathode of the fly wheeling diode D2 is connected to the second terminal of the energy storage inductor L1.
  • the auxiliary device 30_5 is disposed at the primary side of the forward converter 1_5. Furthermore, a terminal of the auxiliary device 30_5 is configured to receive the input voltage V i , and another terminal of the auxiliary device 30_5 is connected to the primary winding N1.
  • the auxiliary device 30_5 includes an auxiliary capacitor Ca, an auxiliary diode Da4 and an auxiliary winding La4.
  • the first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca is configured to receive the input voltage V i
  • the second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca is connected to the primary winding N1.
  • An anode of the auxiliary diode Da4 is connected to the first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • the auxiliary winding La4 is inductively coupled to the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2, wherein a terminal of the auxiliary winding La4 is connected to a cathode of the auxiliary diode Da4, and another terminal of the auxiliary winding La4 is connected to the second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • FIG. 14A to FIG. 14C illustrate a first operation mode, a second operation mode and a third operation mode of the forward converter of FIG. 13 , respectively.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is turned on, the auxiliary diode Da4 is cut off, the fly wheeling diode D1 is cut off, and the fly wheeling diode D2 is turned on.
  • the input voltage V i and the auxiliary capacitor Ca charge the primary winding N1 of the voltage conversion device 20_5.
  • the induced voltage of the secondary winding N2 of the voltage conversion device 20_5 charges the output capacitor C1 through the fly wheeling diode D2.
  • the energy storage inductor L1 stores energy, the auxiliary capacitor Ca is in a discharge state. This operation mode continues until the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, and the second operation mode is entered.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, the auxiliary diode Da4 is turned on, the fly wheeling diode D1 is turned on, and the fly wheeling diode D2 is cut off.
  • the auxiliary winding La4 is inductively coupled to the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2
  • energy stored by the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2 may be released from the auxiliary winding La4 to perform the demagnetization, and the auxiliary capacitor Ca may be charged to build the compensation voltage V ca .
  • the energy storage inductor L1 may release energy through the path formed from the output capacitor C1 and the fly wheeling diode D1.
  • the demagnetization performed by the auxiliary winding La4 through the auxiliary diode Da4 and the auxiliary capacitor Ca and the energy release performed by the energy storage inductor L1 through the output capacitor C1 and the fly wheeling diode D1 may be completed at different timings.
  • the auxiliary device 30_5 enters the third operation mode.
  • the third operation mode energy stored in the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2 is completely released, and energy stored in the energy storage inductor L1 is completely released in the second operation mode, the current on the energy storage inductor L1 is reduced to zero, the active power switch element Q1, the fly wheeling diodes D1 and D2 and the auxiliary diode Da4 all enter the cut-off state.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is triggered to be turned on again, energy stored by the auxiliary capacitor Ca is used to charge the output capacitor C1. That is, the forward converter 1_5 returns to the first operation mode.
  • the energy stored by the output capacitor C1 may continue to provide current to the load.
  • the third operation mode may not need to exist. That is, after the second operation mode, the operation may directly return to the first operation mode.
  • FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram of illustrating the forward converter according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the forward converter 1_6 includes a switch 10_6, a voltage conversion device 20_6 and an auxiliary device 30_6, wherein circuit/device implementations and functions of the switch 10_6 and the voltage conversion device 20_6 are the same as that of the switch 10_5 and the voltage conversion device 20_5 included in the forward converter 1_5 of FIG. 13 , and their detail descriptions are not repeated herein.
  • the auxiliary device 30_6 is disposed at the primary side of the forward converter 1_6.
  • the auxiliary device 30_6 includes an auxiliary capacitor Ca, a first auxiliary diode Da4, a second auxiliary diode Da5, a first auxiliary winding La4 and a second auxiliary winding La5.
  • the first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca is configured to receive the input voltage V i
  • the second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca is connected to the primary winding N1.
  • An anode of the first auxiliary diode Da4 is connected to the first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • the first auxiliary winding La4 is inductively coupled to the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2.
  • a terminal of the first auxiliary winding La4 is connected to a cathode of the first auxiliary diode Da4, and another terminal of the first auxiliary winding La4 is connected to the second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • An anode of the second auxiliary diode Da5 is connected to the first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • the second auxiliary winding La5 is inductively coupled to the energy storage inductor L1.
  • a terminal of the second auxiliary winding La5 is connected to a cathode of the second auxiliary diode Da5, and another terminal of the second auxiliary winding La5 is connected to the second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor Ca.
  • FIG. 16A to FIG. 16D illustrate a first operation mode, a second operation mode, a third operation mode and a fourth operation mode of the forward converter of FIG. 15 , respectively.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is turned on, the first auxiliary diode Da4 is cut off, the second auxiliary diode Da5 is cut off, the fly wheeling diode D1 is cut off, and the fly wheeling diode D2 is turned on.
  • the input voltage V i and the auxiliary capacitor Ca charge the primary winding N1 of the voltage conversion device 20_6.
  • the induced voltage of the secondary winding N2 of the voltage conversion device 20_6 charges the output capacitor C1.
  • the energy storage inductor L1 stores energy, the auxiliary capacitor Ca is in a discharge state. This operation mode continues until the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, and the second operation mode is entered.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, the first auxiliary diode Da4 is turned on, the second auxiliary diode Da5 is turned on, the fly wheeling diodes D1 and D2 are cut off.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, since the first auxiliary winding La4 is inductively coupled to the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2, energy stored by the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2 may be used to perform the demagnetization through the path formed from the first auxiliary diode Da4 to the auxiliary capacitor Ca, and the auxiliary capacitor Ca may be charged to build the compensation voltage V ca .
  • the third mapped voltage is an equivalent voltage of the output voltage V o mapped to the second auxiliary winding La5 side according to a turn ratio of the energy storage inductor L1 and the second auxiliary winding La5.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is cut off, the first auxiliary diode Da4 is turned on, the second auxiliary diode Da5 is cut off, the fly wheeling diode D1 is turned on, and the fly wheeling diode D2 is cut off.
  • the first auxiliary winding La4 continues to perform the demagnetization through the path formed from the first auxiliary diode Da4 to the auxiliary capacitor Ca, and continues to charge the auxiliary capacitor Ca to build the compensation voltage V ca .
  • Energy stored by the energy storage inductor L1 is released through the fly wheeling diode D1 to charge the output capacitor C1. This operation mode continues until energy stored by the first auxiliary winding La4 and the energy storage inductor L1 is completely released, and the fourth operation mode is entered.
  • the currents on the auxiliary capacitor Ca and the energy storage inductor L1 are reduced to zero, and the first auxiliary diode Da4, the second auxiliary diode Da5 and the fly wheeling diodes D1 and D2 all enter the cut-off state, and the active power switch element Q1 is still in the cut-off state.
  • the energy stored by the output capacitor C1 may continue to provide current to the load.
  • the active power switch element Q1 is triggered to be turned on again, energy stored by the auxiliary capacitor Ca is used to charge the output capacitor C1. That is, the forward converter 1_6 returns to the first operation mode.
  • the fourth operation mode may not need to exist. That is, after the third operation mode, the operation may directly return to the first operation mode.
  • the forward converter and the auxiliary device of the present disclosure may be summarized into various implementations as follows.
  • the forward converter and the auxiliary device include the auxiliary capacitor.
  • the auxiliary device includes the auxiliary capacitor, the auxiliary diode and the auxiliary winding, wherein the anode of the auxiliary diode is connected to the first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor, the auxiliary winding is inductively coupled to the primary winding and the secondary winding, and a terminal of the auxiliary winding is connected to the cathode of the auxiliary diode, and another terminal of the auxiliary winding is connected to the second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor.
  • the voltage conversion device further includes the energy storage inductor configured to output the output voltage
  • the auxiliary device includes the auxiliary capacitor, the auxiliary diode and the auxiliary winding, wherein the anode of the auxiliary diode is connected to the first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor, the auxiliary winding is inductively coupled to the energy storage inductor, a terminal of the auxiliary winding is connected to the cathode of the auxiliary diode, and another terminal of the auxiliary winding is connected to the second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor.
  • the voltage conversion device further includes the energy storage inductor configured to output the output voltage
  • the auxiliary device includes the auxiliary capacitor, the first auxiliary diode, the second auxiliary diode, the first auxiliary winding and the second auxiliary winding, the anode of the first auxiliary diode is connected to the first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor, the first auxiliary winding is inductively coupled to the primary winding and the secondary winding, a terminal of the first auxiliary winding is connected to the cathode of the first auxiliary diode, another terminal of the first auxiliary winding is connected to the second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor, the anode of the second auxiliary diode is connected to the first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor, the second auxiliary winding is inductively coupled to the energy storage inductor, a terminal of the second auxiliary winding is connected to the cathode of the second auxiliary diode, and another terminal of the second auxiliary winding is connected to the second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor.
  • the auxiliary device of the above implementations may be connected to the primary winding or the secondary winding, wherein the primary winding is especially adapted to the second implementation to the fourth implementation. It should be noted that by connecting the auxiliary device to the secondary winding, a diode may not need to be disposed between the energy storage inductor and the secondary winding of the voltage conversion device of the forward converter. Therefore, comparing to the structure of the auxiliary device connected to the primary winding, the present disclosure may have a simpler circuit structure.
  • FIG. 17 exemplarily presents the waveform diagrams of the voltage and the current at an alternating-current (AC) input terminal the secondary-side current of the forward power factor corrector of the forward converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the voltage Vs at the AC input terminal and the current Is at the AC input terminal match each other, there is low current harmonics.
  • a demagnetization interval d1 of the secondary-side current I2 it may be known that the forward power factor corrector may effectively perform demagnetization.
  • FIG. 18 exemplarily presents relationship between duty cycle of the switch and the output voltage of the forward power factor corrector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the forward converter may have the advantages of high conversion efficiency, meet the demagnetization requirements of the windings of a voltage converter, be able to provide compensation voltage, be smaller in size and light in weight, and may do so without adding additional complex and high-cost structure.
  • the forward power factor corrector including the forward converter described above of the present disclosure in addition to the above advantageous, may also reduce the current dead zone through the compensation voltage of the auxiliary device, and may achieve the effects of high power factor and low harmonic rate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
EP24185495.9A 2023-07-05 2024-06-28 Vorwärtswandler und vorwärtsleistungsfaktorkorrektor Pending EP4489280A1 (de)

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US202363525139P 2023-07-05 2023-07-05
TW112137010A TWI885499B (zh) 2023-07-05 2023-09-27 順向式轉換器及順向式功因修正器

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JPS6031624A (ja) * 1983-08-02 1985-02-18 Hitachi Metals Ltd スイッチング電源
JPS61280769A (ja) * 1985-06-05 1986-12-11 Toshiba Corp ノイズ吸収回路
DE3537536A1 (de) * 1985-10-22 1987-04-23 Walter Hirschmann Eintakt- sperr- oder durchflusswandler mit geringer sperrspannung fuer den schaltertransistor
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JPS61280769A (ja) * 1985-06-05 1986-12-11 Toshiba Corp ノイズ吸収回路
DE3537536A1 (de) * 1985-10-22 1987-04-23 Walter Hirschmann Eintakt- sperr- oder durchflusswandler mit geringer sperrspannung fuer den schaltertransistor
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