EP4500566B1 - Procédé d'actionnement d'un changeur de prise en charge et dispositif de changeur de prise en charge - Google Patents

Procédé d'actionnement d'un changeur de prise en charge et dispositif de changeur de prise en charge

Info

Publication number
EP4500566B1
EP4500566B1 EP23735969.0A EP23735969A EP4500566B1 EP 4500566 B1 EP4500566 B1 EP 4500566B1 EP 23735969 A EP23735969 A EP 23735969A EP 4500566 B1 EP4500566 B1 EP 4500566B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control device
current
load tap
changer
switching command
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23735969.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4500566A1 (fr
EP4500566C0 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Sachsenhauser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Scheubeck GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH, Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Publication of EP4500566A1 publication Critical patent/EP4500566A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4500566B1 publication Critical patent/EP4500566B1/fr
Publication of EP4500566C0 publication Critical patent/EP4500566C0/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0038—Tap change devices making use of vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H2009/0061—Monitoring tap change switching devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
    • H01H2009/566—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle with self learning, e.g. measured delay is used in later actuations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for actuating a load tap changer and a load tap changer device.
  • Substations contain a variety of switches for different tasks and with varying requirements. These switches must be actuated by a drive system to operate them. Examples of these switches include tap changers, load changers, selectors, double reversing switches, reversing switches, preselectors, circuit breakers, load switches, and disconnectors.
  • tap changers are used for the uninterrupted switching between different winding taps of an electrical device, such as a power transformer. This allows, for example, the turns ratio of the transformer or the inductance of the choke to be changed.
  • On-load tap changers are typically actuated by a combination of a motor drive and a spring energy storage device. Actuation occurs immediately after the switching command, i.e., at any given time. The occurrence of inrush currents is disregarded in this approach.
  • a Disclosure reveals a hybrid load tap changer comprising a selector and a load changeover switch.
  • the selector incorporates mechanical switching elements, while the load changeover switch incorporates semiconductor switching elements.
  • a control device coordinates the actuation of the selector and the load changeover switch. Multiple sensors monitor voltage and current at various points along the load tap changer.
  • the method is based on the idea of monitoring the current profile within the tap changer, load tap changer, or vacuum tube before or after a switching command and detecting any inrush current before the actual actuation of the load tap changer. Based on the determined current zero crossings in the past or after the switching command, the intervals between these zero crossings are then calculated. A characteristic value derived from these intervals is compared with a limit value. If the limit value is met, an inrush current can be ruled out, allowing the actuation to be carried out safely and reliably. However, should an inrush current occur before or after the switching command, the actuation is aborted or paused. For the purposes of this invention, an inrush current is defined as the occurrence of irregularities in the current profile.
  • the tap changer After the control device receives the switching command to actuate the tap changer, the tap changer is not actuated immediately. Instead, the past current waveform or the current waveform after the switching command is first checked for irregularities. Actuation only occurs if no irregularities are detected.
  • the current waveform can be recorded in any way.
  • the current waveform is recorded via one or more sensors on the step-down transformer or load tap changer and transmitted to the control device.
  • the recorded current profile is processed and evaluated in the control device, and several Successive points in time within the current waveform are determined. These points in time are zero current crossings. Preferably, at least three consecutive points in time at which the current is zero are determined. Furthermore, the start point in the current waveform is determined. Depending on the configuration, either the past current waveform is determined from the start point, or the future current waveform is determined from the start point. The past current waveform before the start point is either already stored in the control device or is stored after the start point.
  • intervals between the multiple successive zero-crossing points in time are determined by means of a control device. For three points in time, two intervals are determined. In particular, the interval between the first and second points in time and the interval between the second and third points in time are determined.
  • a control device determines a characteristic value from the several distances. This characteristic value can be a ratio, average value, etc. The control device then compares this characteristic value to a limit value.
  • the limit value is stored in the control device and can be adjusted manually or automatically.
  • control device activates the actuator to operate the load tap changer when the characteristic value is within or below the limit value.
  • the actual actuation is paused or aborted if the characteristic value exceeds the limit value. This pause or suspension of actuation can last for several seconds, for example, 1 to 10 seconds. After the pause, the current profile is measured again, and the process is repeated until actuation is possible.
  • the load tap changer device comprises a load tap changer with a load selector and a selector.
  • the load selector has at least one vacuum switching tube.
  • the load tap changer device includes a drive, a sensor, and a control unit.
  • the load tap changer device enables the current waveform to be checked before the load tap changer is actuated, thus ensuring safe operation in the event of an inrush current.
  • the control unit is designed and configured to continuously acquire, store, and process a current waveform from one or more sensors during the operation of the tap changer, i.e., before a switching command.
  • it includes a processing unit and/or a processor and/or memory.
  • the control unit is also designed and configured to acquire, store, and process a current waveform from one or more sensors after a switching command.
  • it includes a processing unit and/or a processor and/or memory.
  • control device is designed and configured to control the drive, which in turn operates the load tap changer.
  • Figure 1 shows a load tap changer device 1.
  • the load tap changer device 1 comprises a control device 2, at least one sensor 5, and a load tap changer 4.
  • the control device 2 is connected to an actuator 3 of the load tap changer 4.
  • the control device 2 is configured and designed to control the actuator 3 so that it actuates the load tap changer 4.
  • the control device 2 is connected to a sensor 5 or sensors 5 that measure a current flowing through the step-down transformer 7, a vacuum interrupter 6, or the load tap changer 4.
  • the control device 2 is configured and designed to detect, measure, and evaluate the current detected by the sensor 5 or sensors 5. In particular, the control device 2 determines the current waveform, i.e., when the current reaches or assumes zero and at what frequency this occurs.
  • the sensor 5 can, for example, be arranged on the step-down transformer 7, particularly on the high-voltage side 8 or the low-voltage side 9. Furthermore, a sensor 5 can be arranged in the load tap changer 4, directly on the vacuum switching tube 6 or at any other position suitable for detecting the current flow.
  • the control device 2 continuously monitors the current flow either before an actuation or only after a switching command has been received by the control device 2.
  • the control unit 2 includes a processing unit and/or a processor and/or memory.
  • the drive 3 is mechanically connected to the load tap changer 4 and thus also to the vacuum switching tube 6 via a drive train 10.
  • the drive is designed and configured to actuate the load tap changer and/or to execute the switching command from the control unit.
  • the control device 2 can be arranged as a standalone unit on the step-down transformer 7 or in a control room. Furthermore, the control device 2 can be part of a drive control system for the load tap changer 4 or as part of a voltage regulator. The control device 2 is designed and configured to control the drive 3.
  • the step-down transformer 7 has a main winding 11 and a variable winding 12.
  • the load tap changer 4 is connected to the variable winding 12 via the winding taps 13.
  • the main winding 11 and the variable winding 12 are located on the high-voltage side 8 (in rare cases also on the low-voltage side).
  • the step-down transformer 7 has a low-voltage winding 14, which is inductively is coupled with the main winding 11 and the regular winding 12.
  • Figure 1 shows a flowchart of a method for actuating a load tap changer.
  • "before actuating a load tap changer” means that the detection of irregular current waveforms can occur either before or after a switching command. Before a switching command, the method is executed continuously during operation. Should an irregularity be detected, the actuating process is aborted immediately after the switching command, or a predetermined pause is initiated, and the process is repeated until actuating can be performed.
  • the control device 2 receives a switching command at a start time T0 to actuate the load tap changer 4.
  • the switching command can either be a manual switching command or come from a voltage regulator.
  • a current waveform is recorded via a sensor 5 and transmitted to the control device.
  • the current waveform can be recorded both before and after the switching command.
  • a subsequent step 32 several consecutive time points T1, T2, T3, Tx with zero current crossings of the current waveform 20 are determined by the control device.
  • T1, T2, T3, Tx with zero current crossings of the current waveform 20 are determined by the control device.
  • the newly acquired current waveform or the current waveform before the switching command is used.
  • the distances A1, A2, Ax are determined based on the times T1, T2, T3, Tx of the current zero crossings.
  • a characteristic value K is formed based on the distances A1, A2, Ax.
  • the determined characteristic value K is compared with a limit value G. If the limit value G is met or undercut by the characteristic value K, the actual actuation of the load tap changer 4 takes place in the next step 36.
  • the control device 2 controls the drive 3 accordingly.
  • the operation is aborted in the next step 37.
  • the limit value G is exceeded in the next step 38, the operation can be paused for a certain period of time and the process restarted.
  • FIG. 3 This serves to illustrate the method according to the invention.
  • the X-axis shows the current profile t (in ms) over time within a step-down transformer.
  • the Y-axis shows the current I in amperes.
  • the current profile is sinusoidal or approximately sinusoidal.
  • the current profile curve 20 intersects the X-axis at the zero-current crossings.
  • T1, T2, T3, Tx no current flows through the step-down transformer or the vacuum switching tube 6 or the load tap changer 4.
  • a switching command to actuate or begin actuation of the load tap changer 4 is received by the control unit 2.
  • This point in time is assumed to be the possible start time T0 of a load switching operation. Based on this start time T0, at least three subsequent times T1, T2, and T3 of the next zero current crossings are determined.
  • the intervals A1 and A2 between the determined time points T1, T2, and T3 are calculated. Specifically, the first interval A1 is calculated between the first and second time points T1 and T2, and the second interval A2 is calculated between the second and third time points T2 and T3.
  • the intervals A1 and A2 indicate how much time has elapsed between the time points.
  • a characteristic value K is determined based on sections A1, A2, and Ax. For example, sections A1 and A2, or all determined sections, can be set in a ratio to each other. Ideally, A1 and A2 are equal, resulting in a ratio of one.
  • determining the characteristic value K it is compared to a limit value G. If the characteristic value K exceeds the limit value G, the operation is aborted or paused. Pausing means that the switching process is suspended for a defined period and then restarted. If the limit value is met or not reached, the load tap changer is actuated by the drive, which is controlled by the control device.
  • the current waveform is measured based on three time points T1, T2, and T3, i.e., three zero-crossings of the current.
  • T1-Tx and intervals A1-Ax for evaluation. This depends on how long one can wait after a switching command before actually activating the device.
  • the method used to determine a characteristic value K and the definition of the limit value G can also be adapted as needed.
  • FIG. 4 This diagram serves to illustrate the inventive method according to a further embodiment.
  • the X-axis shows the current profile t (in ms) over time within a step-down transformer.
  • the Y-axis shows the current I in amperes.
  • the current profile is sinusoidal or approximately sinusoidal.
  • the current curve intersects the X-axis at the zero crossings.
  • T1, T2, T3, Tx no current flows through the step-down transformer or the vacuum switching tube 6 or the load tap changer 4.
  • T0 a switching command to actuate or begin actuation of the load tap changer 4 is received by the control unit 2.
  • This point in time is assumed to be the start time T0 of a load switching operation. Starting from this start time T0, at least three points in time T1, T2, and T3 of the previous zero-crossing of the current are determined, i.e., before the start time T0. This is possible because the current waveform was monitored and recorded before the switching command.
  • the intervals A1 and A2 between the determined time points T1, T2, and T3 are calculated. Specifically, the first interval A1 is calculated between the first and second time points T1 and T2, and the second interval A2 is calculated between the second and third time points T2 and T3.
  • the intervals A1 and A2 indicate how much time has elapsed between the time points.
  • a characteristic value K is determined based on sections A1, A2, and Ax. For example, sections A1 and A2, or all determined sections, can be set in a ratio to each other. Ideally, A1 and A2 are equal, resulting in a ratio of one.
  • determining the characteristic value K it is compared to a limit value G. If the characteristic value K exceeds the limit value G, the operation is aborted or paused. Pausing means that the switching process is suspended for a defined period and then restarted. If the limit value is met or not reached, the load tap changer is actuated by the drive, which is controlled by the control device.
  • the current profile is calculated based on three time points T1, T2, T3, i.e., three current zero crossings.
  • T1-Tx and intervals A1-Ax for evaluation. This depends on how long one can wait after a switching command before actually actuating the device.
  • the way in which a characteristic value K is determined and The way the limit value G is defined can be adapted as desired.
  • This method therefore makes it possible to check the current flow for irregularities both before and immediately after a switching command.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Protection Of Transformers (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour actionner un commutateur à gradins de charge (4) au moyen d'un entraînement (3), d'un capteur (5) et d'un dispositif de commande (2), comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    - réception d'une commande de commutation pour actionner le commutateur à gradins de charge (4) par le dispositif de commande (2) ;
    - détection d'une courbe de courant (20) par le capteur (5) ; caractérisé par
    - la détermination de plusieurs instants successifs (T1, T2, T3, Tx) pour les passages à zéro du courant de la courbe de courant (20) par le dispositif de commande (2) ;
    - la détermination de plusieurs intervalles (A1, A2, Ax) entre les instants (T1, T2, T3, Tx) des passages à zéro du courant par le dispositif de commande (2) ;
    - Dérivation d'une grandeur caractéristique (K) à partir des multiples intervalles (A1, A2, Ax) par le dispositif de commande (2) ;
    - comparer la grandeur caractéristique (K) à une valeur limite (G) à l'aide du dispositif de commande (2) ;
    - interruption ou suspension de l'actionnement par le dispositif de commande (2) lorsque la grandeur caractéristique (K) dépasse la valeur limite (G) ;
    - Exécution de l'action lorsque la grandeur caractéristique (K) respecte ou est inférieure à la valeur limite (G) par la commande de l'entraînement (3) par le dispositif de commande (2).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel
    la détection de la courbe de courant (20) s'effectue avant ou après la réception de l'ordre de commutation pour l'actionnement du commutateur de prise en charge (4) par le dispositif de commande (2).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel
    les multiples instants successifs (T1, T2, T3, Tx) pour les passages à zéro du courant de la courbe de courant (20) sont déterminés avant l'instant de départ (T0) de l'entrée de la commande de commutation ou après l'instant de départ (T0) de l'entrée de la commande de commutation.
  4. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel
    le paramètre caractéristique (K) est formé à partir du rapport d'au moins deux distances.
  5. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel
    la grandeur caractéristique (K) peut s'écarter de quelques pourcents de la valeur limite (G).
  6. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel
    la pause de l'actionnement par le dispositif de commande (2) dure quelques secondes.
  7. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel
    au moins trois instants successifs (T1, T2, T3, Tx) pour les passages à zéro du courant (20) sont déterminés avant l'instant de départ (T0) de l'entrée de la commande de commutation ou après l'instant de départ (T0) de l'entrée de la commande de commutation.
  8. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel
    au moins deux intervalles (A1, A2, Ax) entre les instants (T1, T2, T3, Tx) des passages par zéro du courant sont déterminés par le dispositif de commande (2).
  9. Dispositif de commutation à gradins de charge (1) comprenant :
    - un changeur de prises en charge (4) ;
    - un capteur (5) ;
    - un entraînement (3) ;
    - un dispositif de commande (2) ;
    dans lequel
    - le dispositif de commande (2) est conçu pour
    - de recevoir une commande de commutation pour actionner le commutateur de prise en charge (4) ;
    - détecter un courant traversant le capteur (5) ; caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de commande est en outre conçu pour
    - déterminer plusieurs instants successifs (T1, T2, T3, Tx) pour les passages à zéro du courant de la courbe de courant (20) ;
    - déterminer plusieurs intervalles (A1, A2, Ax) entre les instants (T1, T2, T3, Tx) des passages à zéro du courant ;
    - dériver une grandeur caractéristique (K) à partir des multiples intervalles (A1, A2, Ax) ;
    - comparer la grandeur caractéristique (K) à une valeur limite (G) ;
    - interrompre ou suspendre l'actionnement par le dispositif de commande (2) lorsque la grandeur caractéristique (K) dépasse la valeur limite (G) ;
    - effectuer l'actionnement du commutateur de prise de courant à l'aide de l'entraînement (3) lorsque la grandeur caractéristique (K) respecte la valeur limite (G) ou est inférieure à celle-ci.
EP23735969.0A 2022-07-14 2023-06-20 Procédé d'actionnement d'un changeur de prise en charge et dispositif de changeur de prise en charge Active EP4500566B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022117587.1A DE102022117587A1 (de) 2022-07-14 2022-07-14 Verfahren zur Betätigung eines Laststufenschalters sowie Laststufenschaltervorrichtung
PCT/EP2023/066605 WO2024012813A1 (fr) 2022-07-14 2023-06-20 Procédé d'actionnement d'un changeur de prise en charge et dispositif de changeur de prise en charge

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4500566A1 EP4500566A1 (fr) 2025-02-05
EP4500566B1 true EP4500566B1 (fr) 2025-12-17
EP4500566C0 EP4500566C0 (fr) 2025-12-17

Family

ID=87067097

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23735969.0A Active EP4500566B1 (fr) 2022-07-14 2023-06-20 Procédé d'actionnement d'un changeur de prise en charge et dispositif de changeur de prise en charge

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20250336622A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4500566B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2025522009A (fr)
KR (1) KR20250036742A (fr)
CN (1) CN119422219A (fr)
DE (1) DE102022117587A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024012813A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4730372A1 (fr) * 2024-10-18 2026-04-22 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH Changeur de prises en charge pour un réseau électrique

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE870454C (de) * 1942-11-17 1953-03-12 Siemens Ag Synchron in Abhaengigkeit von der Spannung unter Last arbeitende Stufenregeleinrichtung fuer Transformatoren oder Drosseln
US3735243A (en) * 1972-04-03 1973-05-22 Gen Electric Control system for tap changer with vacuum interrupter
DE19530776C1 (de) * 1995-08-22 1996-12-12 Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck Verfahren zur Überwachung eines Lastumschalters für einen Stufenschalter
GB2435943A (en) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-12 Areva T & D Sa Hybrid on-load tap changer
DE102015225314A1 (de) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20250036742A (ko) 2025-03-14
DE102022117587A1 (de) 2024-01-25
EP4500566A1 (fr) 2025-02-05
US20250336622A1 (en) 2025-10-30
CN119422219A (zh) 2025-02-11
EP4500566C0 (fr) 2025-12-17
WO2024012813A1 (fr) 2024-01-18
JP2025522009A (ja) 2025-07-10

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