EP4548030B1 - Wärmetauscher mit dampf-flüssigkeitsverteiler - Google Patents

Wärmetauscher mit dampf-flüssigkeitsverteiler

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Publication number
EP4548030B1
EP4548030B1 EP23748214.6A EP23748214A EP4548030B1 EP 4548030 B1 EP4548030 B1 EP 4548030B1 EP 23748214 A EP23748214 A EP 23748214A EP 4548030 B1 EP4548030 B1 EP 4548030B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
pass
heat exchanger
plate
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23748214.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4548030A1 (de
Inventor
Olaf Stallmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL
Original Assignee
Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL filed Critical Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL
Publication of EP4548030A1 publication Critical patent/EP4548030A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4548030B1 publication Critical patent/EP4548030B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/028—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using inserts for modifying the pattern of flow inside the header box, e.g. by using flow restrictors or permeable bodies or blocks with channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F2009/0285—Other particular headers or end plates
    • F28F2009/0297—Side headers, e.g. for radiators having conduits laterally connected to common header

Definitions

  • each evaporating fluid receiving chamber is fluidly coupled to a respective non-pass layer.
  • Each non-pass layer can include: a first parting sheet; a second parting sheet; an inflow distribution fin arrangement between the first parting sheet and the second parting sheet, forming fluid ducts which extend opposite the nozzle arrangement and adapted to receive the evaporating fluid from the nozzle arrangement and distribute the evaporating fluid towards apertures in the first parting sheet and second parting sheet.
  • each non-pass layer is fluidly coupled through said apertures in the parting sheets with at least one pass layer adapted to receive evaporating fluid flowing through the apertures of at least one parting sheet of the adjacent non-pass layers.
  • Each pass layer has a fluid connection towards a set of co-planar evaporating fluid ducts of the heat exchanger core.
  • a heat exchanger which is designed for exchanging heat between a flow of two-phase evaporating fluid and a flow of a two-phase condensing fluid, wherein the condensing fluid is a heat-releasing fluid, i.e., releases heat; the evaporating fluid absorbs heat released by the heat-releasing fluid. Both fluids undergo a phase change when flowing through the heat exchanger.
  • some features disclosed herein, specifically those regarding the evaporating fluid section of the heat exchanger can be used also in a heat exchanger in which a two-phase evaporating fluid is in heat exchange with a heat-releasing fluid, which does not undergo a change of phase while flowing through the heat exchanger, for instance a liquid.
  • FIG. 1 a general overview of the structure of a plate fin heat exchanger 1 according to the present disclosure is shown in Figs. 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 .
  • the heat exchanger 1 further comprises an evaporating fluid inlet header 5 at the top 3A of the core 3 and an evaporating fluid outlet header 7 at the bottom 3B of the core 3.
  • An evaporating fluid enters the heat exchanger 1 at the top thereof through the evaporating fluid inlet header 5 and exits the heat exchanger 1 at the bottom thereof through the evaporating fluid outlet header 7. Therefore, the evaporating fluid flows in a downwards direction from the top 3A to the bottom 3B of the core 3.
  • Arrow Fef generally indicates the direction of flow of the evaporating fluid.
  • the evaporating fluid While flowing through the core 3 of the heat exchanger 1 from the top 3A to the bottom 3B, the evaporating fluid receives heat from a condensing fluid, which streams in counterflow, from the bottom 3B towards the top 3A of the core 3.
  • the condensing fluid enters the heat exchanger 1 through a condensing fluid inlet header 9 at the bottom 3B of the core 3 and exits the heat exchanger 1 through a condensing fluid outlet header 11 at the top 3A of the core 3. Therefore, the condensing fluid flows in an upwards direction broadly according to arrow Fcf.
  • the core 3 comprises a layered structure including parting sheets 15 and corrugated heat transfer fins 17, 19 arranged in an alternate manner.
  • each corrugated heat transfer fin 17 is sandwiched between two parting sheets 15, to form evaporating fluid ducts 21.
  • Each corrugated heat transfer fin 17 forms a plurality of co-planar evaporation fluid ducts.
  • Each corrugated heat transfer fin 19 is in turn sandwiched between two parting sheets 15 to form condensing fluid ducts 23.
  • Each corrugated heat transfer fin 19 forms a plurality of co-planar condensing fluid ducts.
  • Fig.2 illustrates a sectional view according to line II-II in Fig.4 of one layer featuring a set of co-planar evaporating fluid ducts 21 and relevant corrugated heat transfer fin 17.
  • the evaporating fluid ducts 21 are fluidly coupled to the evaporating fluid inlet header 5 through a vapor-liquid distributor 27 and distribution fins 29.
  • the evaporating fluid ducts 21 are further fluidly coupled to the evaporating fluid outlet header 7 through distribution fins 31.
  • the distribution fins 29, 31 as well as the heat transfer fins 17, 19 can be formed by respective corrugated metal sheets.
  • the evaporating fluid inlet header 5 and the evaporating fluid outlet header 7 are arranged in a central position with respect to the core 3, but in other embodiments the evaporating fluid inlet and outlet headers 5, 7 can be arranged on a side of the core 3.
  • the shape and orientation of the distribution fins 29, 31 will depend upon the position of the evaporating fluid inlet and outlet headers 5, 7.
  • Fig.3 illustrates a sectional view according to line III-III in Fig.4 of one layer featuring a set of co-planar condensing fluid ducts 23 and relevant corrugated heat transfer fin 19.
  • the condensing fluid ducts 23 are fluidly coupled to the condensing fluid inlet header 9 through distribution fins 35 and are further fluidly coupled to the condensing fluid outlet header 11 through distribution fins 37.
  • each condensing fluid duct 23 is divided into a lower section 23A of the condensing fluid duct and an upper section 23B of the condensing fluid duct 23.
  • the lower section 23A of co-planar condensing fluid ducts 23 are formed by corrugated heat transfer fins 19A, while the upper section 23B of co-planar condensing fluid ducts 23 are formed by corrugated heat transfer fins 19B.
  • the lower sections 23A of the condensing fluid ducts 23 are fluidly coupled to the condensing fluid inlet header 9 through distribution fins 39, while the upper sections 23B of the condensing fluid ducts are fluidly coupled to the condensing fluid outlet header 11 through distribution fins 41.
  • the cross-sectional area of each condensing duct 23 can vary from the bottom towards the top of the heat exchanger, to balance the variation of volumetric flow through the core 3.
  • the heat-releasing fluid flowing through the fluid ducts 23 is a two-phase condensing fluid
  • the volumetric flowrate thereof reduces from bottom to top, due to the condensation of vapor phase into liquid phase.
  • the cross-sectional area of each condensing duct 23 can reduce from bottom to top.
  • Such reduction can be achieved, for instance, by using different metal sheets to form the corrugated heat transfer fins 19A, 19B.
  • the thickness of the metal sheet can increase from bottom to top, such that the free cross-sectional area of the ducts 23 reduces stepwise when moving from a thinner to a thicker metal sheet.
  • the lower section 23A and the upper section 23B of the condensing fluid ducts 23 are in fluid communication with one another through a condensation redistributor 45, which will be described in greater detail later on.
  • the condensation redistributor 45 is fluidly coupled to the lower sections 23A of the condensing fluid ducts 23 through distribution fins 47 and to the upper sections 23B of the condensing fluid ducts 23 through distribution fins 49.
  • Figs. 5 to 7 illustrate the structure and operation of the vapor-liquid distributor 27 in greater detail.
  • the vapor-liquid distributor 27 comprises a sequence of parting sheets and side bars, defining alternately arranged layers, which will be referred to herein as "pass layers” and "non-pass layers".
  • the pass layers and the non-pass layers are fluidly coupled to the evaporating fluid inlet header 5, and to the evaporating fluid inlet header 5 such that the evaporating fluid inlet header 5 is fluidly coupled to the evaporating fluid ducts 21 of the core 3, as will be described in more detail below.
  • the semi-cylindrical inlet plenum 51 extends horizontally, parallel to the core 3 of the heat exchanger 1 in a direction orthogonal to the heat corrugated heat transfer fins 17, 19 and to the parting sheets 15. Pairs of nozzles 55, 57 of the vapor-liquid distributor 27 are arranged along the longitudinal extension of the semi-cylindrical inlet plenum 51.
  • each pair of nozzles comprises an upper nozzle 55 and a lower nozzle 57.
  • the nozzles 55, 57 of each pair of nozzles can be aligned vertically one above the other.
  • the two nozzles 55, 57 of each pair converge one towards the other, as shown by center lines 55A, 57A thereof.
  • Each pair of nozzles 55, 57 opens in a respective evaporating fluid receiving chamber 59.
  • Each evaporating fluid receiving chamber 59 except the first and the last ones at the two ends of the inlet plenum 51 (see Fig.6 ), are formed between a first parting sheet 61 and a second parting sheet 63.
  • a parting sheet 61 is shown in Fig.9 and a parting sheet 63 is shown in 8.
  • Each parting sheet 61, 63 comprises a set of upper apertures 65 and a set of lower apertures 67.
  • the upper apertures 65 of each parting sheet 61, 63 are aligned along a line L1, which can be inclined downwards with respect to a horizontal direction and moving away from the inlet plenum 51.
  • the lower apertures 67 are aligned along a line L2, which can be horizontal, parallel to a bottom of the evaporating fluid receiving chambers 59.
  • the upper and lower apertures 65, 67 are paired, in the sense that to each upper aperture 65 corresponds a lower aperture 67, which is vertically aligned with the upper aperture 65.
  • the first and last evaporating fluid receiving chambers 59 are formed between one parting sheet 61 or 63 and a cap sheet or external wall 71, as shown in Fig.6 .
  • Fig.6 shows a small number of evaporating fluid receiving chambers 59.
  • the number of evaporating fluid receiving chamber can be much larger than the one shown, depending on the width of the heat exchanger.
  • more than one evaporating fluid inlet header 5 and more than one vapor-liquid distributor 27 can be provided for the same heat exchanger 1.
  • pass layers 81 and non-pass layers 82 are alternatingly arranged, with one pass layer 81 sandwiched between two non-pass layers 82, and vice-versa.
  • a pass layer 81 is a layer wherefrom the evaporating two-phase fluid injected by the nozzles 55, 57 can pass to the core 3 of the heat exchanger through distribution fins 29.
  • a non-pass layer 82 is a layer wherefrom the two-phase evaporating fluid cannot flow directly into the core 3 of the heat exchanger 1.
  • the non-pass layer 82 is closed at the bottom by a respective side bar 84, as shown in Figs 5 and 10 . From each non-pass layer, the two-phase fluid is forced to flow through apertures 65 and 67 into the neighboring pass layers as described in more detail below.
  • each pass layer 81 is coplanar to a corresponding set of mutually co-planar evaporating fluid ducts 21, formed by a respective corrugated heat transfer fin, and is fluidly coupled to said co-planar evaporating fluid ducts 21.
  • Each non-pass layer 83 is coplanar to a corresponding set of mutually co-planar condensing fluid ducts, and more specifically to a set of co-planar condensing fluid ducts 23B of the upper section.
  • no fluid connection is provided between the non-pass layers and the condensing fluid ducts 23A, while the non-pass layers are fluidly coupled to adjacent pass layers as will be described in greater detail below.
  • each non-pass layer 82 is formed between a pair of adjacent parting sheets 61, 63 and a first frame made of side bars 75 arranged as shown in Fig. 10 , which surround a volume 76.
  • the non-pass layer 82 is open towards the evaporating fluid receiving chamber 59, such that evaporating two-phase fluid can flow from the evaporating fluid receiving chamber into the non-pass layers.
  • Each pass layer 81 is formed between a pair of adjacent parting sheets 61, 63 and a second frame made of side bars 77 arranged as shown in Fig.11 , which surrounds a volume 78.
  • the volume 78 is open at the bottom and evaporating two-phase fluid entering the pass layer 81 is free to flow into the distribution fins 29 and therefrom into a corresponding set of coplanar evaporating fluid ducts 21 formed in the core 3.
  • Fig.5 illustrates a sectional view of a non-pass layer along a vertical plane parallel to the parting sheets 61, 73
  • Fig.7 illustrates a sectional view of a pass layer 81 along a vertical plane parallel to the parting sheets 61, 63.
  • a respective plate fin 85 is located in the evaporating fluid receiving chamber 59, to form flow channels or ducts extending in a vertical direction. These ducts guide vapor generated by the expansion of fluid phase through the lower nozzle 57 towards the upper part of the fluid receiving chamber 59.
  • each non-pass layer 82 between the adjacent parting sheets 61, 63, an inflow distribution fin arrangement is placed, which facilitates the distribution of vapor and liquid towards the upper apertures 65 and towards the lower apertures 67, respectively.
  • the inflow distribution fin arrangement includes a first inflow distribution fin 91 defining flow ducts extending horizontally from the respective evaporating fluid receiving chamber 59 towards the upper apertures 65 of the first parting sheet 61 and second parting sheet 63.
  • the first inflow distribution fin 91 can be formed by a corrugated metal sheet.
  • the inflow distribution fin arrangement can further include a second inflow distribution fin 93 forming flow ducts extending vertically from the first inflow distribution fin 91 towards the lower apertures 67 of the first parting sheet 61 and second parting sheet 63.
  • the inflow distribution fin arrangement of each non-pass layer directs the vapor phase of the evaporating fluid mainly towards the upper apertures 65 through the upper part of the first inflow distribution fin 91 and further directs the liquid phase of the evaporating fluid mainly towards the lower apertures 67 through the lower part of the first inflow distribution fin 91 and the second inflow distribution fin 93.
  • the liquid-vapor distributor 27 described so far operates as follows.
  • a two-phase, i.e., liquid-vapor stream of evaporating fluid enters the inlet plenum 51.
  • Vapor phase flows predominantly through each upper nozzle 55 and liquid phase flows predominantly through each lower nozzle 57 into each evaporating fluid receiving chamber 59.
  • a concentrated pressure drop in the vapor and liquid phase occurs through the nozzles 55, 57.
  • the concentrated pressure drop through the nozzles 55, 57 ensures that a substantially uniform flow of two-phase evaporating fluid enters in the various fluid receiving chambers 59.
  • each first inflow distribution fin 91 of each non-pass layer 82 forms one duct for each aperture 65.
  • the liquid phase is directed towards the lower apertures 65 by the horizontally oriented ducts formed in the lower part of each first inflow distribution fin 91 and by the vertically oriented ducts formed in the second inflow distribution fins 93.
  • each non-pass layer Since the bottom of each non-pass layer is closed by the side bar 84, the two-phase stream is forced to flow through the upper and lower apertures 65, 67 into the two neighboring pass layers 81, between which each non-pass layer 82 is sandwiched.
  • the above-described vapor-liquid distributor 27 facilitates achieving a uniform distribution of liquid and vapor phase throughout the core 3 of the heat exchanger 1 in a downwardly oriented flow of evaporating fluid.
  • the condensing fluid moves from the condensing fluid inlet header 9 arranged at the bottom 3B of the core 3, to the condensing fluid outlet header 11 arranged at the top 3A of the core 3, in a bottom-to-top direction.
  • a redistributor 45 can be provided between sequentially arranged lower section 23A and the upper section 23B of the condensing fluid ducts 23 as mentioned above.
  • the redistributor 45 redistributes the vapor and liquid phase of the condensing fluid flowing from the bottom to the top of the core 3, such that the liquid and vapor flowrates in all ducts is substantially uniform, thus preventing concentrations of liquid in some ducts and vapor in others, which would negatively affect the efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • Each pass entry layer 105 is co-planar to a set of mutually co-planar ducts of the lower section 23A formed by a single corrugated heat transfer fin, such that the upwardly flowing two-phase condensing fluid which flows through said ducts 23A enters the pass entry layer.
  • Each non-pass entry layer 103 is co-planar to a set of mutually co-planar descending ducts 21 formed by a respective corrugated heat transfer fin 17.
  • Each non-pass entry layer is fluidly separated from the descending ducts 21 and fluidly coupled to adjacent pass entry layer.
  • the side bars 109 separate each distribution fin 47 from the adjacent distribution fin 49, already mentioned above in connection with Fig.3 , which conveys the two-phase condensing fluid from the condensation redistributor 45 to the upper sections 23B of the condensing fluid ducts 23, after redistribution of the vapor and liquid phase in the various ducts formed by the distribution fins 49.
  • Each separation plate 107 comprises an overflow edge 107A arranged above the outlet ends of the ducts formed by the distribution fins 47, to cause a liquid phase of the condensing fluid to overflow from each pass entry layer 105 into the adjacent non-pass entry layers 103.
  • Each vertical separation plate 107 (see Fig.15 ) further comprises a plate aperture 107B fluidly coupling the non-pass entry layer 103, on one side of the vertical separation plate 107, with the pass entry layer 105 on the other side of the vertical separation plate 107.
  • the aperture 107B has a lower, preferably horizontal edge 107C and an upper, preferably horizontal edge 107D.
  • the lower horizontal edge 107C is approximately at the same height as the overflow edge 107A or at a slightly greater height.
  • each non-pass entry layer 103 is closed by a side bar 110.
  • vapor guiding fins 112 are arranged in each pass entry layer 105.
  • Each vapor guiding fin forms inclined ducts extending from an upper part of the redistribution chamber 101 towards the aperture 107B of the respective separation plates 107, to guide a vapor phase of the incoming condensing fluid towards the apertures 107B of each separation plate 107 between which the vapor guiding fin 112 is sandwiched.
  • a liquid guiding fin 115 is arranged in each non-pass entry layer 103.
  • the liquid guiding fin 115 is located between the bottom of the non-pass entry layer 103 and the plate aperture 107B.
  • Each liquid guiding fin 115 defines vertically oriented ducts for the liquid phase of the condensing fluid.
  • Each vertically oriented duct has an inlet end at a distance from the bottom of the non-pass entry layer (side bar 110) and an outlet end which can be located flush with the lower edge 107C, or below the lower edge 107C of the aperture 107B of the separation plate 107.
  • Fig.12 shows the above-described components of a non-pass entry layer 103 and of an adjacent pass entry layer 105, overlapped to one another, while Fig. 13 illustrates an axonometric view of a pass entry layer 105 and two adjacent non-pass entry layers 103, between which the pass entry layer is sandwiched. One of the two separation plates 107 is partly removed to show the elements behind the separation plate.
  • a two-phase condensing fluid raises along the vertically oriented lower sections 23A of the condensing fluid ducts 23 formed by each corrugated heat transfer fin 19A and is conveyed into the redistribution chamber 101 through the inclined ducts in the pass entry layers 105, which are formed by the distribution fins 47.
  • the vapor phase entering the redistribution chamber 101 from the various pass entry layers 105 flows according to arrows V ( Fig.13 ) from the redistribution chamber 101 through the vapor guiding fins 112 and 117 of both the pass entry layers 105 and the non-pass entry layers 103 and through the distribution fins 49 towards the corrugated heat transfer fins 19B forming the upper sections 23B of the condensing fluid ducts 23.
  • the liquid phase fills the pass entry layers 105 and flows over the overflow edges 107A of the separation plates 107 into the two adjacent non-pass entry layers 103, between which the pass entry layer 105 of Fig.13 is arranged.
  • the liquid collects in each non-pass entry layer 103 and the level thereof raises from the bottom (side bar 110) thereof and no liquid flows towards the upper section of the heat exchanger, until the level of the liquid in the non-pass entry layer reaches the lower edge 107C of the aperture 107B.
  • the level of the liquid reaches the lower edge 107C, liquid overflows from the non-pass entry layer 103 into the adjacent pass entry layers 150 and from there into the respective distribution fins 49 that convey the liquid phase towards the corrugated hat transfer fins 19B of the upper section.
  • All non-pass entry layers are in fluid communication through a bottom aperture 121, which extends parallel to the redistribution chamber 101, i.e. orthogonal to the co-planar fluid ducts 21, 23, see Figs. 12 and 13 . Therefore, the level of the liquid is the same in all non-pass layers, such that a uniform flow of liquid phase of the condensing fluid towards the upper section 23B of condensing fluid ducts 23 is obtained through the redistributor 45.
  • redistributor 45 can be provided along the vertical extension of the core 3, and the uprising ducts wherein the condensing fluid flows can be divided in more than two sections.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher (1), umfassend:
    a) einen Kern (3), der eine Oberseite (3A) und eine Unterseite (3B) aufweist;
    b) gewellte Wärmeübertragungsrippen (17,19) und Trennbleche (15) in dem Kern (3), die bilden:
    b1. wärmeabgebende Fluidleitungen (23), die einen wärmeabgebenden Fluideinlasskopf (9) an der Unterseite (3B) des Kerns (3) und einen wärmeabgebenden Fluidauslasskopf (11) an der Oberseite (3A) des Kerns (3) fluidisch verbinden;
    b2. Verdampfungsfluidleitungen (21), die einen Verdampfungsfluideinlasskopf (5) an der Oberseite (3A) des Kerns (3) und einen Verdampfungsfluidauslasskopf (7) an der Unterseite (3B) des Kerns (3) fluidisch verbinden;
    c) und einen Dampf-Flüssigkeitsverteiler (27) zwischen dem Verdampfungsfluideinlasskopf (5) und dem Kern (3);
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dampf-Flüssigkeitsverteiler (27) ein Einlassplenum (51) und eine Vielzahl von Verdampfungsfluidaufnahmekammern (59) umfasst; wobei die Verdampfungsfluidaufnahmekammern (59) horizontal Seite an Seite in einer Richtung orthogonal zu den gewellten Wärmeübertragungsrippen (17,19) und Trennblechen (15) des Kerns (3) angeordnet sind; und wobei jede der Verdampfungsfluidaufnahmekammern (59) über eine Düsenanordnung (55,57) mit dem Einlassplenum (51) fluidisch gekoppelt ist.
  2. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, wobei jede Düsenanordnung eine erste Düse (55) und eine zweite Düse (57) umfasst; wobei die erste Düse (55) und die zweite Düse (57) in einer vertikalen Richtung voneinander beabstandet sind.
  3. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 2, wobei die erste Düse (55) und die zweite Düse (57) jeder Düsenanordnung vertikal übereinander ausgerichtet sind.
  4. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach 2 oder 3, wobei die erste Düse (55) und die zweite Düse (57) in der jeweiligen Verdampfungsfluidaufnahmekammer (59) zueinander konvergieren.
  5. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei in jeder Verdampfungsfluidaufnahmekammer (59) zwischen der ersten Düse (55) und der zweiten Düse (57) eine Rippenplatte (85) positioniert ist, die vertikal verlaufende Strömungsleitungen bildet.
  6. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei jede Verdampfungsfluidaufnahmekammer (59) mit einer jeweiligen Nichtdurchgangsschicht (82) fluidisch gekoppelt ist; wobei jede Nichtdurchgangsschicht (82) umfasst: ein erstes Trennblech (61); ein zweites Trennblech (62); eine Zuflussverteilungsrippenanordnung (91,93) zwischen dem ersten Trennblech (61) und dem zweiten Trennblech (63), die Fluidleitungen bilden, die sich gegenüber der Düsenanordnung (55,57) erstrecken und angepasst sind, um das Verdampfungsfluid von der Düsenanordnung (55,57) aufzunehmen und das Verdampfungsfluid in Richtung von Öffnungen (65,67) in dem ersten Trennblech (61) und dem zweiten Trennblech (63) zu verteilen; wobei jede Nichtdurchgangsschicht (82) durch die Öffnungen in den Trennblechen mit mindestens einer Durchgangsschicht (81) fluidisch gekoppelt ist, die angepasst ist, um Verdampfungsfluid aufzunehmen, das durch die Öffnungen mindestens eines Trennbleches der angrenzenden Nichtdurchgangsschichten (82) fließt; und wobei jede Durchgangsschicht (81) eine Fluidverbindung zu einem Satz koplanarer Verdampfungsfluidleitungen (21) des Wärmetauscherkerns (3) aufweist.
  7. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Öffnungen jedes ersten Trennblechs und zweiten Trennblechs einen Satz oberer Öffnungen (65) und einen Satz unterer Öffnungen (67) umfassen, wobei die unteren Öffnungen (67) auf einer Ebene unter den oberen Öffnungen (65) positioniert sind.
  8. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 7, wobei die unteren Öffnungen (67) entlang einer Linie parallel zu einer Unterseite der Nichtdurchgangsschicht (82) ausgerichtet sind.
  9. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 7, wobei die oberen Öffnungen (65) entlang einer Linie ausgerichtet sind, die von einer Oberseite der Nichtdurchgangsschicht (82) zur Unterseite der Nichtdurchgangsschicht (82) in einer Richtung weg von der Düsenanordnung (55,57) geneigt ist.
  10. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, wobei jede untere Öffnung (67) vertikal mit einer entsprechenden oberen Öffnung (65) ausgerichtet ist.
  11. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, wobei die Zuflussverteilungsrippenanordnung umfasst: eine erste Zuflussverteilungsrippe (91), die Strömungsleitungen bildet, die sich horizontal von der jeweiligen Verdampfungsfluidaufnahmekammer (59) zu den oberen Öffnungen (65) des ersten Trennblechs (61) und des zweiten Trennblechs (63) erstrecken; und eine zweite Zuflussverteilungsrippe (93), die Strömungsleitungen bildet, die sich vertikal von der ersten Zuflussverteilungsrippe (91) zu den unteren Öffnungen (67) des ersten Trennbleches (61) und des zweiten Trennbleches (63) erstrecken.
  12. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 6 bis 11, wobei jede Durchgangsschicht (81) eine Abflussverteilungsrippe umfasst, die vertikal verlaufende Strömungsleitungen bildet.
  13. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 12 in Abhängigkeit von Anspruch 11, wobei jede sich vertikal erstreckende Strömungsleitung mit mindestens einer oberen Öffnung (65) und einer entsprechenden unteren Öffnung (67) fluidisch gekoppelt ist.
  14. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei jede wärmeabgebende Fluidleitung (23) in mindestens einen unteren Abschnitt (23A) und einen oberen Abschnitt (23B) unterteilt ist; wobei der untere Abschnitt und der obere Abschnitt jeder wärmeabgebenden Fluidleitung durch einen dazwischen angeordneten Kondensationsumverteiler (45) fluidisch gekoppelt sind.
  15. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 14, wobei der Kondensationsumverteiler (45) eine Umverteilungskammer (101) umfasst, die sich quer zum Kern (3) des Wärmetauschers in einer horizontalen Richtung senkrecht zu den gewellten Wärmeübertragungsrippen (17,19) und Trennblechen (15) des Kerns (3) erstreckt; wobei die Umverteilungskammer (19) mit dem unteren Abschnitt (23A) und dem oberen Abschnitt (23B) der wärmeabgebenden Fluidleitungen (23) fluidisch gekoppelt ist.
  16. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 15, umfassend: eine Folge von vertikalen Trennplatten (107); zwischen den vertikalen Trennplatten abwechselnd Nichtdurchgangseintrittsschichten (103) und Durchgangseintrittsschichten (105) für eine wärmeabgebende Fluidströmung in den wärmeabgebenden Fluidleitungen (23);
    wobei jede Nichtdurchgangseintrittsschicht (103) von einer angrenzenden Durchgangseintrittsschicht (105) durch eine der vertikalen Trennplatten (107) getrennt ist;
    wobei die Durchgangseintrittsschichten (105) wärmeabgebende Fluidverteilungsrippen enthalten, die den unteren Abschnitt (23A) der wärmeabgebenden Fluidleitungen (23) mit der Umverteilungskammer (101) fluidisch koppeln;
    wobei jede vertikale Trennplatte (107) eine Überlaufkante (107A) umfasst, die über den Auslässen der wärmeabgebenden Fluidverteilungsrippen (45) angeordnet ist, um zu bewirken, dass eine flüssige Phase des wärmeabgebenden Fluids von jeder Durchgangseintrittsschicht (105) in die angrenzende Nichtdurchgangseintrittsschicht (103) überläuft;
    wobei jede vertikale Trennplatte (107) eine Plattenöffnung (107B) umfasst, welche die Nichtdurchgangseintrittsschicht (103) auf einer Seite der vertikalen Trennplatte (107) mit der Durchgangseintrittsschicht (105) auf der anderen Seite der vertikalen Trennplatte (107) derart fluidisch koppelt, dass eine flüssige Phase des wärmeabgebenden Fluids, die in jede Durchgangseintrittsschicht (105) durch die wärmeabgebende Fluidverteilungsrippen (47) eintritt, in die Nichtdurchgangseintrittsschicht (103) überläuft und sich an einer Unterseite der Nichtdurchgangseintrittsschicht (103) ansammelt und durch die Plattenöffnung (107B) zurück in die Durchgangseintrittsschicht (105) überläuft, sobald ein Pegel der flüssigen Phase in der Nichtdurchgangseintrittsschicht (103) die Plattenöffnung (107B) erreicht.
  17. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 16, wobei die Nichtdurchgangseintrittsschichten (103) durch einen unteren Verbindungsströmungsdurchgang, der unter den Plattenöffnungen (107B) angeordnet ist, fluidisch miteinander verbunden sind.
  18. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 16 oder 17, wobei eine flüssigkeitsführende Rippe (115) in jeder Nichtdurchgangseintrittsschicht (103) angeordnet ist, wobei sich die flüssigkeitsführende Rippe (115) zwischen der Unterseite der Nichtdurchgangseintrittsschicht (103) und der Plattenöffnung (107B) erstreckt.
  19. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 16, 17 oder 18, wobei eine dampfführende Rippe (117) in der Nichtdurchgangseintrittsschicht (103) angeordnet ist, wobei sich die dampfführende Rippe (117) in einer geneigten Richtung von einem oberen Einlassende, das mit der Durchgangseintrittsschicht (105) fluidisch gekoppelt ist, zu einem unteren Auslassende erstreckt, das zur Unterseite der Nichtdurchgangseintrittsschicht (103) und über der Plattenöffnung (107B) ausgerichtet ist.
  20. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 16 bis 19, wobei eine weitere dampfführende Rippe (112) in jeder Durchgangseintrittsschicht (105) zwischen den jeweiligen Trennplatten angeordnet ist, wobei die weitere dampfführende Rippe (112) ausgerichtet ist, um die Dampfphase von der Durchgangseintrittsschicht zu den Öffnungen durch die Trennplatten (107) zu führen.
  21. Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 16 bis 20, wobei jede Plattenöffnung (107B) eine untere horizontale Kante (107C) und eine obere horizontale Kante (107D) aufweist.
  22. Verfahren zum Verdampfen eines Fluids in einem Plattenrippenwärmetauscher nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    Zuführen eines zweiphasigen Verdampfungsfluids durch den Verdampfungsfluideinlasskopf (5) und den Dampf-Flüssigkeitsverteiler (27) in den Wärmetauscher;
    Strömenlassen des Verdampfungsfluids durch die Verdampfungsfluidleitungen in einer Richtung von oben nach unten im Wärmeaustausch mit einem wärmeabgebenden Fluid, das durch die wärmeabgebenden Fluidleitungen in einer Richtung von unten nach oben von dem wärmeabgebenden Fluideinlasskopf (9) zu dem wärmeabgebenden Fluidauslasskopf (11) strömt.
EP23748214.6A 2022-07-21 2023-07-19 Wärmetauscher mit dampf-flüssigkeitsverteiler Active EP4548030B1 (de)

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EP1079194B1 (de) * 1999-08-23 2004-01-21 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Verfahren zur Verhinderung von Verstopfungen in einem Plattenwärmetauscher
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