EP4551327A1 - Procédé de préparation d'un matériau généralement sphérique précurseur de catalyseur d'une réaction de méthanation, sphères obtenues par un tel procédé, procédé et dispositif de méthanation - Google Patents
Procédé de préparation d'un matériau généralement sphérique précurseur de catalyseur d'une réaction de méthanation, sphères obtenues par un tel procédé, procédé et dispositif de méthanationInfo
- Publication number
- EP4551327A1 EP4551327A1 EP23738703.0A EP23738703A EP4551327A1 EP 4551327 A1 EP4551327 A1 EP 4551327A1 EP 23738703 A EP23738703 A EP 23738703A EP 4551327 A1 EP4551327 A1 EP 4551327A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- support
- precursor
- spheres
- gas
- alumina
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/34—Mechanical properties
- B01J35/38—Abrasion or attrition resistance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/51—Spheres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/647—2-50 nm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0045—Drying a slurry, e.g. spray drying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0072—Preparation of particles, e.g. dispersion of droplets in an oil bath
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C07C1/0425—Catalysts; their physical properties
- C07C1/043—Catalysts; their physical properties characterised by the composition
- C07C1/0435—Catalysts; their physical properties characterised by the composition containing a metal of group 8 or a compound thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
- C07C2/12—Catalytic processes with crystalline alumino-silicates or with catalysts comprising molecular sieves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/04—Alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- C07C2523/74—Iron group metals
- C07C2523/755—Nickel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for preparing a precursor material for a methanation reaction catalyst, a material obtained by such a process, a method and a methanation reaction device. It applies, in particular, to the field of the conversion of carbon monoxide (CO) and/or carbon dioxide (CO2), in a gaseous mixture rich in hydrogen, into a mixture rich in methane (CH4), using preferably a fluidized bed reactor.
- CO carbon monoxide
- CO2 carbon dioxide
- methanation reaction reactors For the production of a mixture rich in methane (CH4), from the conversion of carbon monoxide (CO) and/or carbon dioxide (CO2) in a gas mixture rich in hydrogen, also called methanation reaction, there are reactors implementing heterogeneous catalysis of the methanation reaction. These heterogeneous catalyses are mainly carried out by catalytic materials based on nickel (Ni) supported on an alumina support (AI2O3). Methanation reaction reactors generally operate in a fixed catalytic bed or in a fluidized catalytic bed.
- the catalytic materials used in fluidized catalytic bed methanation reactors do not have good fluidization quality and have limited attrition resistance. Indeed, when carrying out a methanation reaction in a fluidized bed reactor, the attrition of the particles of catalytic material, also called degradation, takes place as a result of mechanical constraints inherent to the hydrodynamics of the fluidization. In particular, the particles of catalytic material form fines following attrition, which leads to a loss of catalytic performance. These mechanical stresses are due, for example, to mechanical shocks between the particles of catalytic material, between these particles and the internal wall of the reactor or between these particles and elements present in the reactor, such elements corresponding, for example, to cooling tubes, baffles and/or supports. In fact, this attrition is also the result of the tearing off of the angular shapes likely to be present on the catalytic particles.
- the present invention aims to remedy all or part of these drawbacks.
- the invention relates to a process for preparing a generally spherical material which is a catalyst precursor for a methanation reaction according to claim 1.
- the process makes it possible to obtain a generally spherical precursor material for a catalyst for a methanation reaction having good fluidization quality combined with limited attrition.
- a sphericity factor is conditioned by the step of forming the spherical support.
- these arrangements also make it possible to obtain a catalyst precursor material on an industrial scale and having high sphericity. Thanks to the mechanical treatment step, an increase in the sphericity of the catalyst material produced by such a process allows a limitation of the angular shapes of the catalytic particles. Thus, attrition linked to the presence of angular shapes is limited during a fluidized bed methanation reaction.
- the mechanical treatment step is carried out in a fluidized bed by passing a gas into contact with the spherical support. Thanks to these arrangements, the process allows an improvement in the quality of the support by eliminating possible surface defects before the step of incorporating the nickel precursor.
- the fluidized bed contributes to the progressive removal of surface defects from the support. Fluidization therefore achieves dynamic polishing of the surface of the catalyst.
- the sphericity of the support is optimal.
- the mechanical treatment step and the calcination step are simultaneous and preferably carried out in a fluidized bed.
- the fluidization rate is at least twice greater than the minimum fluidization speed.
- the fluidization rate is preferably at least six times greater than the minimum fluidization speed.
- the fluidization rate is at least ten times greater than the minimum fluidization speed.
- the step of incorporating a nickel precursor is also carried out in the fluidized bed reactor.
- the mechanical processing step is carried out using a rotating tank configured to generate shocks between the support particles.
- the generally spherical support comprises an alumina precursor in the form of a boehmite-type alumina hydrate (of formula AIOOH).
- the incorporation step comprises a step of impregnating the support with a solution comprising the nickel precursor. Thanks to these arrangements, the method makes it possible to carry out a simplified incorporation of the spherical support using an easily prepared nickel precursor solution.
- the step of forming the spherical support includes a granulation step.
- the step of forming the spherical support includes an atomization step. Thanks to these arrangements, the process makes it possible to control the size and the sphericity factor of the spherical support and therefore of the sphere of catalyst precursor material.
- the step of forming the spherical catalytic support includes a drop coagulation step. Thanks to these arrangements, the process makes it possible to control the size and the sphericity factor of the spherical support and therefore of the sphere of catalyst precursor material. In addition, the equipment used to implement the process is less bulky and energy consumption is reduced. Thus, the cost of carrying out the process is reduced. According to a second aspect, the invention aims at a device for preparing a generally spherical material which is a catalyst precursor for a methanation reaction, which comprises:
- a means for calcining the support incorporating the nickel precursor configured to at least partially transform the nickel precursor into nickel oxide (NiO) and the alumina precursor into alumina, and configured to form a solid of generally spherical shape, said solid being nicknamed "sphere of precursor material for a catalyst for a methanation reaction", and a means of mechanical treatment of the spherical support, downstream of the formation of the support, to increase the sphericity factor of the spherical support.
- the invention relates to spheres of material precursor of a catalyst for a methanation reaction, obtained by the process which is the subject of the invention, which comprise nickel oxide (NiO) and alumina ( AI2O3) mesoporous, the respective proportions of which are, relative to the total mass of these two compounds:
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material when activated and used in a fluidized bed methanation reaction, exhibit good hydrodynamic properties and high mechanical strength.
- good fluidization of the catalytic bed limitation of the attrition of the spheres and a reduction in the production of fines are obtained.
- the increase in mechanical resistance makes it possible to extend the duration of use of the spheres in the methanation reaction in a fluidized bed by notably reducing the detachment of the active metallic species from the support.
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material have a monomodal particle size with a median diameter of between 100 and 1000 pm, preferably between 200 and 800 pm and more preferably between 250 and 350 pm. Thanks to these arrangements, the monomodal particle size of the activated spheres used in a fluidized bed methanation reaction allows optimal fluidization.
- the alumina (AI2O3) has a gamma or delta structure. Thanks to these arrangements, the alumina of the spherical support has a structure particularly suitable for implementing catalysis of a methanation reaction.
- the alumina (AI2O3) has a mesoporosity corresponding to a median diameter of the pores, determined by Hg intrusion porosimetry, of between 3 and 50 nm and preferably between 5 and 25 nm.
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material have a specific surface area of between 50 to 300 m 2 /g and preferably between 100 to 250 m 2 /g.
- the invention aims at a methanation process, which comprises:
- H2 hydrogen
- CO carbon monoxide
- CO2 carbon dioxide
- the process allows the use of the spheres of catalyst precursor material which are the subject of the invention in a methanation reaction, after activation into spheres of catalytic material.
- the method comprises, upstream of the gas passage step, a gas constitution step comprising at least one of the following steps:
- the gas passes through a fluidized bed of spheres of catalytic material. Thanks to these arrangements, the process allows the use of the spheres of catalyst precursor material which are the subject of the invention in a methanation reaction in a fluidized bed, after activation into spheres of catalytic material.
- the spheres used in the process have the same technical advantages concerning fluidization and mechanical resistance previously stated.
- the invention relates to a methanation device, characterized in that it comprises:
- - a means for passing a gas comprising hydrogen (H2) and at least carbon monoxide (CO) and/or carbon dioxide (CO2) into contact with the spheres of catalytic material.
- H2 hydrogen
- CO carbon monoxide
- CO2 carbon dioxide
- Figure 1 represents, in the form of a flowchart, a first succession of particular steps of the preparation process which is the subject of the invention
- Figure 2 represents, in the form of a flowchart, a second succession of particular steps of the preparation process which is the subject of the invention
- Figure 3 represents, in the form of a flowchart, a third succession of particular steps of the preparation process which is the subject of the invention
- Figure 4 represents, in the form of a flowchart, a fourth succession of particular steps of the preparation process which is the subject of the invention
- Figure 5 represents, schematically, a first particular embodiment of the preparation device which is the subject of the invention
- Figure 6 represents, in the form of a flowchart, a particular succession of steps of the methanation process which is the subject of the invention
- Figure 7 represents, schematically, a first particular embodiment of the methanation device which is the subject of the invention.
- Figure 8 graphically represents a fluidization study during the implementation of the spheres in a methanation reaction, corresponding to the conversion rate as a function of the gas flow rate.
- Figure 9 graphically represents a first attrition study when implementing the spheres under conditions of attrition, corresponding to the speed of attrition as a function of time and
- Figure 10 graphically represents a second attrition study when implementing the spheres under attrition conditions, corresponding to the cumulative mass as a function of time.
- support refers to a material alone, free of pre-catalyst or catalyst.
- a support contains alumina (AI2O3).
- catalyst precursor material also called pre-catalyst, refer to an assembly formed by a support and a catalytic species in deactivated form, such as nickel oxide (of formula NiO), incorporated into the support.
- a catalytic species such as nickel oxide (of formula NiO)
- catalytic material or “catalyst” refer to an assembly formed by the catalytic support and the metal phase incorporated into this support.
- the metallic phase is in activated form, also called “active phase” and corresponds to metallic nickel (of formula Ni(0)) obtained after reduction of nickel oxide (NiO). Only metallic nickel is active in the catalysis of a methanation reaction.
- methanation reaction or “methanation”, also called Sabatier reaction, refer to a hydrogenation of carbon monoxide (of formula CO) and/or carbon dioxide (of formula CO2) to produce a gas containing methane (CH4).
- CO carbon monoxide
- CO2 carbon dioxide
- CH4 methane
- the hydrogenation reaction equations R1 or R2 are according to the following chemical equations: 206 kj/mol (RI - CO methanation)
- a methanation reaction is carried out from a synthesis gas, also called “syngas", preferably purified upstream of the methanation unit.
- a synthesis gas is generally rich in CO, H2, CO2 and CP.
- a methanation reaction carried out using such a synthesis gas makes it possible to increase the level of methane in the gas.
- methanation carried out in the presence of a catalyst is also called “catalytic methanation”.
- centicity factor refers to the ratio between the surface area of the sphere having the same volume as a given particle and the surface area of said particle.
- incorporation is similar to the term functionalization, corresponding to the fixation of a chemical species or function on a support.
- microparticle size corresponds to a statistical term characterizing the distribution of sphere sizes.
- a median diameter d50 equal to 150 pm means that 50% of the particles in the distribution have a size less than 150 pm and 50% of the particles in the distribution have a size greater than 150 pm.
- the terms d90 and d10 correspond to statistical terms characterizing the size of the spheres.
- a diameter d10 equal to 150 pm means that 10% of the particles in the distribution have a size less than 150 pm and 90% of the particles in the distribution have a size greater than 150 pm.
- a diameter d90 equal to 150 pm means that 90% of the particles in the distribution have a size less than 150 pm and 10% of the particles in the distribution have a size greater than 150 pm.
- water gas reaction designate a reaction producing hydrogen by reaction between carbon monoxide (CO) and water (of formula H2O), also called “Water Gas Shift reaction” or “ WGS” and the following chemical equation R3: Reaction of gas with water or WGS)
- reverse gas-water reaction refers to the reverse reaction of the gas-water reaction described above.
- specific surface are comparable to an active surface of the catalytic material corresponding to a surface of a solid catalyst in contact with gaseous reagents, such as CO2, CO and FL.
- fluidized bed refers to a mixture in which a collection of particles and gases form a fluidized bed.
- particles are, for example:
- Such a fluidized bed is, for example, implemented in a fluidized bed reactor (acronym “FBR”, from English “Fluidized Bed Reactor”).
- fines refers to catalytic particles formed by the attrition of the catalytic material during the fluidized bed methanation process.
- the formation of fines leads to a progressive modification of the fluidization conditions of the catalytic bed. For example, a loss of catalyst surface area and a change in the particle size of the catalyst bed are obtained. All contents are, in the description, expressed in mass percentage for solids and gas contents are expressed in volume percentage on dry gas.
- the process 100 for preparing a generally spherical precursor material for a catalyst for a methanation reaction comprises:
- a calcination step 103 of the catalytic support incorporating the nickel precursor to at least partially transform the nickel precursor into nickel oxide (of formula NiO) and the alumina precursor into alumina, leading to the formation of a solid generally spherical in shape, such a solid being nicknamed “sphere of material precursor of catalyst of a methanation reaction”.
- the support comprising mesoporous alumina (AI2O3) or the alumina precursor is shaped.
- This shaping consists of obtaining a generally spherical support having a sphericity factor greater than 0.75, preferably greater than 0.80 and more preferably greater than 0.85.
- the alumina precursor is a boehmite-type alumina hydrate (of formula AIOOH).
- the step 101 of forming a generally spherical support is carried out by granulation.
- the step 101 of forming a generally spherical support is carried out by atomization.
- Atomization is applied, for example, to a suspension of boehmite (AIOOH) or alumina (AI2O3) in water.
- AIOOH boehmite
- AI2O3 alumina
- the suspension is sprayed into fine droplets by means of an atomization turbine, or by injection at high pressure through nozzles, in a vertical cylindrical enclosure swept by a flow of hot air.
- the evaporation of the water leads to the formation of a dry powder recovered in the lower part of the equipment.
- the atomization parameters as well as the characteristics of the equipment used determine the particle size.
- the step of forming the generally spherical support carried out by atomization also includes an intermediate heat treatment step.
- an intermediate heat treatment step is carried out to consolidate the support and thus give it good mechanical strength.
- such intermediate heat treatment allows a decomposition of possible binders, a loss of water of constitution and potentially a change of crystalline phase. Thus, better cohesion between the grains of material is obtained.
- the step 101 of forming a spherical support is carried out by coagulation in drops also called “dripping in oil”.
- coagulation in drops is carried out in two successive steps, the first step consisting of shaping drops and the second step consisting of gelling the drops.
- drops of a suspension of boehmite (AIOOH) or alumina (AI2O3) in water are introduced into a column containing an upper phase consisting of petroleum and a lower aqueous phase consisting of a solution of ammonia. Shaping takes place in the upper phase and gelling in the lower phase.
- the ammonia solution having its pH maintained at a value greater than approximately 9.
- the residence time of the drops in the ammonia is a few minutes and generally less than approximately 15 minutes.
- the support comprising mesoporous alumina (AI2O3) or an alumina precursor is brought into contact with a composition comprising the nickel precursor.
- a composition comprising the nickel precursor is brought into contact with a composition comprising the nickel precursor.
- the incorporation step 102 is a step of impregnating the support with a solution comprising the nickel precursor.
- the nickel precursor is a nickel salt, for example nickel(ll) nitrate hexahydrate (of formula Ni(NO3)2.6H2O).
- Such impregnation can be carried out:
- the volume of solution comprising the prepared nickel precursor is then less than or equal to the volume that can be absorbed by the support or
- the volume of solution containing the nickel precursor prepared is then greater than the volume that can be absorbed by the support.
- the impregnation step is carried out twice successively.
- the training step 101 and the incorporation step 102 are simultaneous.
- Such a process makes it possible in a single step to obtain a spherical precursor material for a so-called “intermediate” catalyst.
- the process is simplified and therefore adaptable according to the industrial constraints present in the production unit.
- the granulation, atomization or coagulation steps in drops are carried out by incorporating into a suspension of alumina precursor, for example boehmite (AIOOH), or alumina (AI2O3), a solution comprising a nickel salt.
- alumina precursor for example boehmite (AIOOH), or alumina (AI2O3)
- a solution comprising a nickel salt is a nickel salt, for example nickel(ll) nitrate hexahydrate, of formula Ni(NO3)2.6H2O.
- calcination step 103 a heat treatment of the spherical support incorporating the nickel precursor is carried out.
- the calcination step 103 makes it possible to transform at least partially:
- the calcination step 103 is carried out at a temperature between 300 and 500°C and preferably between 380 and 420°C and more preferably approximately equal to 400°C.
- the calcination step 103 is carried out under an atmosphere containing oxygen, for example under air or under oxygen.
- the calcination duration of the calcination step 103 is greater than 2 hours and preferably approximately equal to 4 hours.
- the steps carried out downstream of the formation step 101 such as the incorporation step 102 and the calcination step 103, have a limited influence on the sphericity factor of the sphere of catalyst precursor material.
- the final sphericity factor is essentially determined by the training step 101.
- the method 200 comprises a step of mechanical treatment 202 of the spherical support downstream of the step of forming 101 of the support.
- the spherical support obtained downstream of the forming step 101 undergoes mechanical stresses.
- the support having been mechanically treated has a sphericity factor greater than 0.85.
- the sphericity factor of the support is greater than 0.9.
- the mechanical treatment step 202 of the support avoids possible surface defects.
- the quality of the support is improved, upstream, for example, of the incorporation step 102 of the nickel precursor.
- the sphericity factor of the spherical support is increased in comparison with the sphericity factor of the support obtained downstream of the forming step 101.
- the mechanical processing step 202 is carried out so as to increase the factor sphericity of the spherical support.
- the elimination of certain surface defects present on the support limits the generation of fines, as fines can be generated during attrition phenomena.
- the incorporation step 102 is positioned downstream of the mechanical treatment step 202.
- the mechanical treatment step 202 is carried out in a fluidized bed by passing a gas into contact with the spherical support.
- the mechanical treatment step 202 carried out by fluidization of the support alone makes it possible in particular to “define”, that is to say to form fines by attrition, and to improve the surface condition of the support.
- the mechanical treatment step 202 is carried out using a rotating tank configured to generate shocks between the support particles and therefore surface attrition leading to an improvement in the sphericity of the support.
- such a mechanical treatment step 202 is carried out upstream of the incorporation of the nickel precursor 102. It should be noted that such a mechanical treatment step 202 in a fluidized bed or in a rotating tank is carried out to reduce phase losses. activates the catalytic material during the methanation reaction.
- active phase refers to the metal incorporated in the support.
- the gas in contact with the spherical support is an inert gas.
- the fluidization is carried out under inert gas.
- the inert gas consists of air or nitrogen (of formula N2).
- the fluidization rate is twice the minimum fluidization speed, plus preferably six times greater than the minimum fluidization speed and even more preferably ten times greater than the minimum fluidization speed.
- the step of incorporation 102 of a nickel precursor is also carried out in the fluidized bed reactor.
- the incorporation step 102 includes an impregnation step. More preferably, the incorporation step 102 comprises a dry impregnation step.
- the calcination step 103 is also implemented in such a reactor.
- the support is swept by hot air in the fluidized bed reactor. Note that the calcination temperatures mentioned above can be applied to this embodiment.
- the gas resulting from the calcination step 103 then undergoes a treatment to limit the quantity of NOx produced, such as a catalytic treatment or an absorption treatment, for example by washing in an absorber. neutralizer (“scrubber” in English).
- a treatment to limit the quantity of NOx produced such as a catalytic treatment or an absorption treatment, for example by washing in an absorber. neutralizer (“scrubber” in English).
- the mechanical treatment step 202 and the calcination step 103 are carried out simultaneously and preferably in a fluidized bed.
- the method comprises the following successive steps:
- the gas from joint step 1003 then undergoes treatment to limit the quantity of NOx produced.
- the mechanical processing step is indirectly downstream of the forming step 101.
- the process 300 comprises, in addition to the formation 101, incorporation 102 and calcination 103 steps, the following three additional steps:
- the first drying step 301 is carried out at a temperature between 60°C and 150°C.
- the drying temperature is approximately equal to 80°C.
- the drying time of the first drying step 301 is greater than 10 hours.
- the neutralization step 302 notably reduces the formation of nitrogen oxides, also referred to as “NOx”.
- the neutralization step 302 is carried out using a neutralizing solution, for example an ammonium carbonate solution, of formula (NH4)2CO3, and having a pH between 10 and 13.
- a neutralizing solution for example an ammonium carbonate solution, of formula (NH4)2CO3, and having a pH between 10 and 13.
- the pH of the neutralizing solution is approximately equal to 1 1.
- the final pH of the solution comprising the spherical support incorporating the nickel precursor is between 6 and 8.
- the second drying step 303 is carried out at a temperature between 100°C and 150°C and preferably approximately equal to 125°C.
- the device 400 for preparing spherical precursor material for a catalyst for a methanation reaction comprises:
- a means 401 for forming a spherical support comprising mesoporous alumina (AI2O3) or an alumina precursor, and having a sphericity factor greater than 0.75, preferably greater than 0.80 and more preferably greater than 0.85,
- a nickel precursor Ni
- a means 403 for calcining the support incorporating the nickel precursor configured to at least partially transform the nickel precursor into nickel oxide (NiO) and the alumina precursor into alumina, and configured to form a solid of generally spherical shape , said solid being nicknamed “sphere of material precursor of catalyst for a methanation reaction”.
- the device further comprises a means of mechanical treatment of the spherical support configured to increase the sphericity factor of the support.
- the mechanical processing means comprises a fluidized bed during the mechanical processing of the support.
- the mechanical treatment means is a fluidized bed reactor.
- the fluidization rate is twice the minimum fluidization speed.
- the fluidization rate is six times greater than the minimum fluidization speed and even more preferably ten times greater than the minimum fluidization speed.
- the means of mechanical treatment of the support obtained by the forming means 401 is configured to increase the sphericity factor of the support. Preferably, such an increase is carried out upstream of the implementation of the means of incorporation 402 of the nickel precursor.
- the mechanical treatment means and the calcination means 403 are combined.
- the mechanical treatment means comprises a fluidized bed presenting conditions allowing the calcination of the spherical support.
- such conditions correspond to a calcination temperature.
- the mechanical treatment means comprises, for example, a rotating tank configured to generate shocks between the support particles and therefore surface attrition leading to an improvement in the sphericity of the support.
- the means of the device 400 and the associated variants are configured to implement the steps of the methods, 100, 200, 300 and/or 1000, and their embodiments such as set out above and the methods 100, 200, 300 and/or 1000, as well as their different embodiments can be implemented by the means of the device 400.
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material for a methanation reaction which is the subject of the invention are obtained from an embodiment of the process which is the subject of the invention described above.
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material for a methanation reaction preferably in a fluidized bed, comprise nickel oxide (NiO) and mesoporous alumina (AI2O3), the respective proportions of which are preferentially, relative to the total mass of these two compounds:
- - NiO 1 to 50% by mass, preferably 10 to 50% by mass and even more preferably 10 to 25% by mass and
- - AI2O3 50 to 99% by mass, preferably 50 to 90% by mass and even more preferably 75 to 90% by mass.
- the alumina (AI2O3) is mesoporous and has a gamma or delta structure.
- the mesoporous alumina (AI2O3) has a mesoporosity corresponding to a median diameter of the pores, determined by Hg intrusion porosimetry, between 3 and 50 nm and preferably between 5 and 25 nm.
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material of a methanation reaction additionally include a compound configured to trap poisons from the catalyst.
- a compound is a sacrificial catalyst or a specific poison scavenger.
- Such a compound is, for example, chosen from zinc, molybdenum and tungsten oxides.
- the resistance of the catalytic material spheres against organic or inorganic poisons such as light tars (Benzene Toluene Xylenes or BTX) or sulfur compounds (e.g. H2S or COS), is increased.
- organic or inorganic poisons such as light tars (Benzene Toluene Xylenes or BTX) or sulfur compounds (e.g. H2S or COS)
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material have a pore volume, measured by Hg intrusion porosimetry, of between 0.20 and 0.60 cm 3 /g and preferably between 0.25 and 0.40 cm 3 /g.
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material have a specific surface area of between 50 and 300 m 2 /g and preferably between 100 and 250 m 2 /g.
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material have a monomodal particle size with a median diameter of between 100 and 1000 pm (micrometer).
- the median diameter of the spheres of catalyst precursor material is between 200 and 800 pm. Even more preferably, the median diameter of the spheres of catalyst precursor material is between 250 and 350 pm.
- the particle size range is chosen, for example, based on a hydrodynamic state and an arrangement of the transfer surfaces thermal.
- the hydrodynamic state is, for example, defined by a fluidization rate.
- the particle size of the catalyst is adapted during the design, making it possible to avoid the use of a reactor having too large a diameter. .
- Such an adaptation is accompanied in particular by an adaptation also of the height of the catalytic layer initially used. This adaptation is necessary because of the exothermicity of a methanation reaction generating a release of significant thermal power.
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material have a particle size distribution of amplitude, calculated according to the ratio (d90 - d10)/d50, less than 100%, preferably less than 70%, more preferably less than 50% and even more preferably less than 20%.
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material have an amplitude particle size distribution, calculated according to the ratio (d90 - d10)/d50, of between 40% and 70%.
- the amplitude particle size distribution, calculated according to the ratio (d90 - d10)/d50 is between 60% and 70%.
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material have a polymodal particle size.
- polymodal particle size refer to a polymodal distribution, a term used in statistics, characterizing the distribution of particle size.
- the methanation process 500 includes:
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material are obtained from the process for preparing the catalyst precursor material which is the subject of the invention and described above.
- the characteristics of the spheres of catalyst precursor material which are the subject of the invention are identical to the characteristics of the spheres used in the methanation process.
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material are activated at least partially into spheres of catalytic material, following a suitable temperature profile, in contact with a reducing agent.
- the reducing agent is a reducing gas, such as, for example:
- the reducing gas is pure or diluted with an inert gas such as, for example, argon (of formula Ar), nitrogen (of formula N2) or helium (of formula He).
- an inert gas such as, for example, argon (of formula Ar), nitrogen (of formula N2) or helium (of formula He).
- This activation step makes it possible to transform all or part of the nickel oxide (of formula NiO) into metallic nickel (of formula Ni(0)) and to provide all or part of the activation energy by hydrogenation of the CO2 which is exothermic.
- Ni(0) is the active catalytic species during the catalysis of the methanation reaction.
- the reducing gas is pure or diluted with carbon dioxide (of formula CO2) in addition to an inert gas such as, for example, argon (of formula Ar), nitrogen (of formula formula N2) or helium (of formula He).
- the temperature profile adapted to carry out the activation step 501 comprises a rise in ambient temperature up to 400°C with a ramp of 2°C/min, and a level of 4 hours at 400°C in the presence of a reducing gas.
- the activation step 501 is carried out at a temperature between 300 and 500°C, even more preferably between 380 and 420°C.
- the reducing gas comprises hydrogen (H2), even more preferentially associated with carbon dioxide (CO2).
- activation step 501 is carried out during a 4-hour period.
- a gas comprising hydrogen (H2) and at least carbon monoxide (CO) and/or carbon dioxide (CO2) is brought into contact with the spheres of catalytic material.
- H2 hydrogen
- CO carbon monoxide
- CO2 carbon dioxide
- the passage of gas thus allows the production of methane (CPU) by hydrogenation of CO and/or CO2 in the presence of H2.
- the activation step 501 is finalized under a flow of syngas, followed by the step 502 of passing a gas comprising hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO).
- the activation step 501 is finalized with a gas comprising hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) followed by the passage step 502.
- the process 500 further comprises, upstream of the gas passage step, a gas constitution step comprising at least one of the following steps:
- the hydrogen produced during the production stage of a hydrogen-rich gas corresponds to an effluent to be treated.
- effluent comes from an ancillary process of which hydrogen constitutes a secondary product to be treated.
- the methanation process coupled with the ancillary process producing a gas rich in hydrogen, allows the treatment and therefore the valorization of such a gas.
- the hydrogen coming from the ancillary process is a so-called “fatal” source for the methanation process.
- This example can also be transposed to CO2 corresponding to a flow of effluent to be treated and produced during the stage of production of a gas rich in CO2 implemented in an ancillary process.
- a “hydrogen-rich gas” is a gas having a molar percentage of hydrogen, relative to the quantity of total material in the gas, greater than 50%.
- a “gas rich in CO2” is a gas having a molar percentage of CO2, relative to the quantity of total material in the gas, greater than 50%.
- a fluidized bed makes it possible to give a category of solids, here the spheres of catalytic material, certain properties of liquid fluids.
- a fluidized bed corresponds to the assembly formed by the spheres of catalytic material and the gas comprising H2 and at least CO and/or CO2.
- a fluidized bed allows strong interaction between the spheres of catalytic material and the gas passing through it.
- the principle of the fluidized bed is to inject a gas under pressure under a layer of spheres of solid catalytic material. This gas lifts and disperses the spheres of solid catalytic material.
- the fluidized bed allows more efficient catalysis.
- Particle agitation and hydrodynamic mixing by trains of gas bubbles make fluidized layers, volumes in which spheres of solid catalytic material are vigorously agitated.
- the spheres of catalytic material exchange heat and matter with great efficiency, by direct contact, with a large specific surface area, with the gas or with an immersed exchanger for the purpose of valorization or elimination of the heat produced by the conversion reaction of CO and/or CO2 into CH4.
- the fluidized layer then constitutes an open volume, practically isothermal, due to the high specific thermal capacity of the solids compared to that of the gas, as well as by their renewal in contact with the exchange surfaces.
- the method 500 further comprises a step of cooling the fluidized bed by at least one heat exchange tube immersed in the fluidized bed.
- the step 502 of passing the gas into contact with the spheres of catalytic material and the step of cooling the layer of the fluidized bed are simultaneous.
- the methanation device 600 includes:
- H2 hydrogen
- CO carbon monoxide
- CO2 carbon dioxide
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material are obtained from the process for preparing the catalyst precursor material which is the subject of the invention. Preferably, such spheres are obtained from the process described above.
- the characteristics of the spheres of catalyst precursor material which are the subject of the invention are identical to the characteristics of the spheres used in the device 600.
- the means of the device 600 are configured to implement the steps of the method 500 and their embodiments as explained above and the method 500 as well as its different embodiments can be implemented by the means of the device 600.
- the device 600 is configured to convert a gas comprising H2 and at least CO and/or CO2 into CPU, during the passage of this gas over the spheres of catalytic material.
- the reactor 600 comprises an enclosure 601 having a low longitudinal end 602, and a high longitudinal end 603 and opposite the low longitudinal end 602.
- the enclosure 601 is, for example, formed of a closed and sealed volume.
- the shape, internal and/or external, of the enclosure 601 is of no importance for the invention as long as the enclosure is made watertight.
- the enclosure 601 has a tubular shape, that is to say a cylindrical shape, which can be oblong as shown in Figure 7.
- the enclosure 601 comprises, near the lower end 602, a gas inlet 604 comprising H2 and at least CO and/or CO2.
- the enclosure 601 includes, near the upper end 603, an outlet 605 for CPU or for a gas rich in CH4.
- inlet 604 is an injection nozzle, a nozzle, a perforated tube, a perforated plate, a porous plate (sintered metal or porous ceramic), a network of porous sleeves, a piping network equipped with strainers.
- any fluid injection member usually used in a reactor can be used to produce the inlet 604.
- the outlet 605 is an opening formed in the enclosure 601 connected to a methane transport pipe.
- the circulating gas coming from the inlet 604 passes through a layer of spheres of catalytic material present in the reactor 600.
- the reactor 600 is a fluidized bed reactor containing the spheres of catalytic material.
- the reactor 600 comprises heat exchange tubes (not shown) immersed in the fluidized bed of the enclosure 601 and having a temperature compatible with the nominal operating temperature inside the enclosure 601 during the operation of the reactor 600.
- the heat exchange tubes contain a circulating fluid and having a lower temperature than the interior of the enclosure 601. The heat exchange tubes thus allow the temperature of the reactor 600 to be maintained by evacuating excess heat linked to the exothermicity of the reactions carried out. Preferably, this excess heat evacuated is recovered.
- the exothermicity of methanation reactions leads to an increase in the temperature of the reaction medium.
- the average temperature of the reaction medium 606 is controlled and between 260°C and 350°C. This control of the average temperature of the reaction medium 606 promotes the activation and thermodynamics of the methanation reaction. Thus, the reaction yield is increased.
- the pressure inside the enclosure 601 is between one bar (atmospheric pressure) and 70 bar.
- the pressure is between 1 bar and 20 bar, more preferably between 1 bar and 14 bar, and even more preferably between 2 and 5 bar. These pressures optimize methane conversion and minimize upstream compression costs.
- the fluidization/flow rate range is between once the minimum fluidization speed and sixteen times the minimum fluidization speed, preferably between two times and eight times the minimum fluidization speed. Heat exchange is thus optimized.
- such a range corresponds to a preferential domain for:
- a step of forming a spherical support 101 also called “shaping of the support” includes an atomization step.
- Such an atomization step is implemented in an atomizer equipped with a dual-fluid nozzle and corresponds to the atomization of a dispersion composed of:
- the inlet temperature of the atomizer is approximately equal to 400°C and the outlet temperature maintained at approximately 140°C.
- An atomized powder having a residual humidity of approximately 10.2% is thus obtained.
- the step of forming the spherical support 101 may include, downstream of the atomization step, an intermediate heat treatment step corresponding in particular to a calcination of the support at approximately 500°C for 4 hours. It should be noted that such an intermediate heat treatment step is preferably carried out in order to give the support good mechanical resistance.
- a drying step 301 at 80°C for 12 hours in an oven can be carried out downstream of the step of forming the spherical support 101 without intermediate calcination and in particular downstream of the atomization step. .
- an incorporation step 102 of a nickel precursor comprising an excess solvent impregnation step is implemented.
- This impregnation step is carried out by immersing the spherical alumina support in an aqueous solution of nickel(ll) nitrate hexahydrate, of formula Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, with a nickel mass concentration equal to 17.5% at 60 °C for 1 hour.
- a neutralization step 302 is carried out, by gradually adding to the solution containing the impregnated spherical support, a solution of ammonium carbonate, of formula (NH ⁇ COa, of pH equal to 11 and at 60°C.
- a solution of ammonium carbonate of formula (NH ⁇ COa, of pH equal to 11 and at 60°C.
- NH ⁇ COa ammonium carbonate
- the pH of the final solution is approximately equal to 6.5.
- the final solution is eliminated and the support is washed with water. water under stirring.
- the impregnation step is carried out again.
- the impregnated and neutralized spherical support is dried at 125°C in air for 12 hours during a second drying step 303.
- a calcination step 103 is carried out by introducing the dried spherical support into a calcination oven at a temperature of 400°C in air and with a temperature rise ramp of between 1°C/min and 10°C/min, for 4 hours.
- a mechanical treatment step 202 is preferably carried out in a fluidized bed.
- the support obtained after the formation step 101 is loaded into a fluidized bed reactor.
- fluidization is obtained by passing an inert gas, such as air and/or nitrogen, into contact with the spherical support.
- the mechanical treatment step 202 preferably carried out in a fluidized bed is applied by implementing the following fluidization conditions for 3 hours: - gas: air,
- Such a mechanical treatment step 202 is implemented in order to improve the quality of the support and in particular to increase the sphericity factor.
- an incorporation step 102 of a nickel precursor comprising a dry impregnation step is carried out in the reactor.
- a calcination step 103 is implemented in the reactor by passing a flow of hot air into contact with the impregnated spheres.
- a mechanical treatment step 202 simultaneous with a calcination step 103 is preferably carried out in a fluidized bed.
- the support obtained after the impregnation step is loaded into a reactor preferably in a fluidized bed.
- fluidization is obtained by passing an inert gas, such as air and/or nitrogen and/or combustion fumes, into contact with the spherical support.
- an inert gas such as air and/or nitrogen and/or combustion fumes
- the mechanical treatment step 202 simultaneous with a calcination step 103 preferably carried out in a fluidized bed is applied by implementing the following fluidization conditions for 4 hours:
- Such a mechanical treatment step 202 simultaneous with a calcination step 103 is implemented in order to improve the quality of the support and in particular to increase the sphericity factor while incorporating the nickel precursor.
- a sphere of catalyst precursor material for a methanation reaction is obtained at the end of this simultaneous mechanical treatment and calcination step.
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material before the activation step have the following composition: 23.3% NiO, 76.7% AI2O3 and a sphericity factor equal to 0.79.
- the spheres of catalytic material are, beforehand, obtained by reductive treatment of the spheres of precursor material of the catalyst which is the subject of the invention. This treatment is carried out under a gas flow comprising hydrogen diluted in a flow of nitrogen in an isovolumic proportion, at a temperature of 400°C for a duration of less than 10 hours.
- the proportion molar between hydrogen (H2) and nickel is equal to 10.
- the gas speed is 6 times higher than the minimum fluidization speed.
- methanation reaction corresponds to the conversion of CO2 into CH4 in the presence of H2 and is carried out under the following conditions:
- composition of the gas before methanation in molar percentage relative to the quantity of total material in the gas: 30% CO2 and 70% H2.
- Graph 700 shown in Figure 8, shows on the abscissa the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed in Nm 3 /h and on the ordinate the conversion rate in percentage. Note that several conversion rates are represented as a function of the gas flow:
- the CO2 conversion is calculated, for example, according to the following equation: in which :
- input is the molar flow rate of CO2 entering the methanation reactor
- output is the molar flow rate of CO2 leaving the methanation reactor.
- the H2 conversion is calculated, for example, according to the following equation: in which :
- input is the molar flow rate of hydrogen entering the methanation reactor
- output is the molar flow rate of hydrogen leaving the methanation reactor.
- the equilibrium deviation is calculated, for example, according to the following equation: in which :
- input is the volume flow rate of hydrogen at the inlet of the methanation reactor
- - Q SNG ex P erimental is the experimental volume flow of the methanation product called SNG (from the English “Substitute Natural Gas”), composed of CH4 and water
- - QsNG equilibrium is the volume flow rate of the methanation product calculated at equilibrium via the Aspen HYSIS software (commercial name)
- XH2 is the volume fraction of hydrogen.
- the deviation from equilibrium indicates whether the system is close to the conversions obtained at thermodynamic equilibrium. In other words, if the maximum conversion is reached during the methanation reaction. Thus, the closer the difference is to 0, the closer the system will be to thermodynamic equilibrium under the operating conditions of the example.
- the maximum hydrogen conversion at equilibrium is calculated, for example, according to the following equation:
- the mechanical strength of the catalyst precursor material spheres was compared to the mechanical strength of commercial catalyst precursor material particles when implementing a fluidized bed process promoting attrition phenomena.
- the term “spheres” designates the spheres of catalyst precursor material which are the subject of the invention and
- commercial particles refers to commercial catalyst precursor material particles.
- Figures 9 and 10 present results obtained during the implementation of a methanation process for two comparative examples, one corresponding to spheres and the other to commercial particles. An attrition system is thus obtained for each example.
- Figures 9 and 10 present results obtained during the implementation of a methanation process for two comparative examples, one corresponding to spheres and the other to commercial particles. An attrition system is thus obtained for each example.
- Figures 9 and 10 present results obtained during the implementation of a methanation process for two comparative examples, one corresponding to spheres and the other to commercial particles. An attrition system is thus obtained for each example.
- Figures 9 and 10 present results obtained during the implementation of a methanation process for two comparative examples, one corresponding to spheres and the other to commercial particles. An attrition system is thus obtained for each example.
- Figures 9 and 10 present results obtained during the implementation of a methanation process for two comparative examples, one corresponding to spheres and the other to commercial particles. An attrition system is thus obtained
- the spheres of catalyst precursor material upstream of the implementation of the attrition conditions, have the following composition: 23.3% NiO, 76.7% AI2O3 and a sphericity factor equal to 0.79;
- the conditions for implementing the process for the comparative examples shown in Figures 9 and 10 are configured to generate significant mechanical stresses on the two materials, spheres and particles.
- the attrition test examples are carried out according to parameters such as the fluidization temperature, the speed of an inert fluidization gas and the water vapor content. These parameters are configured to generate mechanical constraints.
- the spheres or commercial particles are loaded into a fluidized bed reactor, then supplied with inert gas corresponding to air for the fluidization of the spheres or commercial particles.
- inert gas corresponding to air for the fluidization of the spheres or commercial particles.
- Graph 800 presented on the abscissa the time in hours (h) and on the ordinate the speed of attrition in range per gram of bed and per hour (g/g/h) for two materials tested.
- the following formula 5 is used to calculate the attrition rate shown in Figure 9.
- the attrition rate is defined by the mass loss per unit time, for example, according to the following equation:
- the mass of the fines is determined by weighing, after stopping the attrition process, the fines formed during the implementation of such a process.
- the initial mass corresponds to the mass of catalyst precursor material loaded into the fluidization reactor.
- Graph 900 shown in Figure 10, shows the time in hours (h) on the abscissa and the cumulative mass of fines as a percentage on the ordinate for two materials tested.
- the line represented on graph 900 corresponds to the delimitation of an initial heating-defining step carried out before the study of the system and by implementation for 3 hours of the fluidization conditions mentioned above. Note that the heating-defining step reproduces conditions implemented, for example, during a mechanical treatment step carried out in a fluidized bed.
- the attrition speed is higher during the first twenty hours of implementation of the attrition process. Indeed, during this period, the angular particles are mechanically treated by the fluidized bed, generating fines to a greater extent. This effect is less pronounced towards the end of the implementation of the attrition process.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2206974A FR3137592A1 (fr) | 2022-07-07 | 2022-07-07 | Procédé de préparation d’un matériau généralement sphérique précurseur de catalyseur d’une réaction de méthanation, sphères obtenues par un tel procédé, procédé et dispositif de méthanation |
| PCT/EP2023/068440 WO2024008743A1 (fr) | 2022-07-07 | 2023-07-04 | Procédé de préparation d'un matériau généralement sphérique précurseur de catalyseur d'une réaction de méthanation, sphères obtenues par un tel procédé, procédé et dispositif de méthanation |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4551327A1 true EP4551327A1 (fr) | 2025-05-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23738703.0A Pending EP4551327A1 (fr) | 2022-07-07 | 2023-07-04 | Procédé de préparation d'un matériau généralement sphérique précurseur de catalyseur d'une réaction de méthanation, sphères obtenues par un tel procédé, procédé et dispositif de méthanation |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4551327A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2023302572A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3260363A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3137592A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024008743A1 (fr) |
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| US3351567A (en) * | 1963-12-19 | 1967-11-07 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Production of attrition-resistant alumina catalyst |
| CN106391028B (zh) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-09-24 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | 一种用于流化床的甲烷化催化剂及其制备方法 |
| CN112742372B (zh) * | 2019-10-31 | 2023-03-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种树莓型微球载体、制备方法以及催化剂和应用 |
-
2022
- 2022-07-07 FR FR2206974A patent/FR3137592A1/fr active Pending
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2023
- 2023-07-04 CA CA3260363A patent/CA3260363A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-07-04 AU AU2023302572A patent/AU2023302572A1/en active Pending
- 2023-07-04 EP EP23738703.0A patent/EP4551327A1/fr active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| FR3137592A1 (fr) | 2024-01-12 |
| CA3260363A1 (fr) | 2024-01-11 |
| WO2024008743A1 (fr) | 2024-01-11 |
| AU2023302572A1 (en) | 2025-01-02 |
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