EP4560244A1 - Accumulateur de froid et utilisation d'un tel accumulateur de froid comme accumulateur d'énergie dans un système d'alimentation en carburant - Google Patents

Accumulateur de froid et utilisation d'un tel accumulateur de froid comme accumulateur d'énergie dans un système d'alimentation en carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4560244A1
EP4560244A1 EP24212275.2A EP24212275A EP4560244A1 EP 4560244 A1 EP4560244 A1 EP 4560244A1 EP 24212275 A EP24212275 A EP 24212275A EP 4560244 A1 EP4560244 A1 EP 4560244A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
storage container
storage
storage device
refrigerant
storage tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP24212275.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael GEISSBÜHLER
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PVT Solar AG
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PVT Solar AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP4560244A1 publication Critical patent/EP4560244A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/026—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat with different heat storage materials not coming into direct contact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0082—Multiple tanks arrangements, e.g. adjacent tanks, tank in tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0035—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for domestic or space heating, e.g. heating radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
    • F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2270/00—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cold storage device and the use of such a cold storage device as an energy storage device in a building supply system.
  • the term "building supply system” refers to a system for supplying any building with hot or cold drinking water, hot service water, particularly for heating systems, and/or cold service water, particularly for cooling systems or air conditioning systems.
  • the present invention preferably relates to building supply systems in which the energy (electricity and/or heat) is generated via renewable energy sources, for example, using photovoltaic modules, solar collectors, or combined hybrid collectors or PVT modules, and which comprise at least one heat pump.
  • Heat pumps have become an indispensable part of modern building supply systems for heating buildings, providing hot drinking water and process heat, as well as for efficient cooling of buildings in summer.
  • Heat sources for these heat pumps can include geothermal probes, ice storage tanks, solar collectors, and photothermal (PVT) modules.
  • PVT modules can be advantageously used as air/water heat exchangers, thus providing an alternative heat source to traditional air/water heat pump systems. Compared to the particularly energy-efficient geothermal probe and ice storage systems, PVT module systems often prove to be more cost-effective while offering only slightly lower energy efficiency.
  • Electric heating elements can lead to higher operating costs, especially when used frequently, due to their comparatively high power consumption.
  • defective electric heating elements with heavy calcification can impair the efficiency of the heating system, which in turn can adversely affect maintenance and repair costs.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing a technical solution that is improved over the prior art to ensure the operational reliability of a building supply system based on renewable and thus often weather-dependent energy sources while simultaneously being as climate-neutral as possible.
  • the focus here should be particularly on building supply systems based on heat pump heating systems and using PVT modules as direct heat sources for the respective heat pump.
  • the cold storage device according to the invention advantageously forms a tank-in-tank-in-tank system in which the first storage container as the inner tank and/or the third storage container as the outer tank can assume the role of cost-effective latent heat storage devices, which are in direct one-sided or two-sided thermal contact with the second refrigerant located in the second storage container designed as a central tank.
  • the heat capacity of the cold storage device according to the invention in the form of a tank-in-tank-in-tank system is thus advantageously increased many times over compared to the heat capacity of conventional buffer storage devices, in particular conventional combination storage devices of the prior art.
  • the cold storage device according to the invention is particularly well suited for use in retrofitting/conversion or renovation projects.
  • the cold storage unit according to the invention is not only suitable as an energy source for the heating period, but also as a cooling storage unit for summer cooling operation, whereby cooling energy can advantageously be actively obtained through the domestic hot water production and also through the heat rejection via the PVT modules.
  • a cold storage system is used as an energy storage system in a building supply system, which comprises at least one photothermal module, a heat pump and a consumer, in particular in the form of a combination storage system for drinking and service water, a drinking water consumer and/or a heating system
  • a new but also any existing building can be equipped in a comparatively simple and cost-effective manner with a sustainable electricity and heating system with at least day/night balancing, multi-day to semi-seasonal ice storage with PVT regeneration (i.e. photo-thermal regeneration).
  • the first storage container can be cylindrical or frustoconical, wherein the substantially circular boundary surface of the truncated cone with a smaller radius is formed by the base of the first storage container, and wherein the substantially circular boundary surface of the truncated cone with a larger radius is formed by the opening of the first storage container, so that the first storage container tapers from top to bottom when in use.
  • a cylindrical or frustoconical first storage container, tapering from the opening to the base advantageously offers the first refrigerant contained therein, which can in particular be water, the possibility of freezing from bottom to top, i.e. from the base to the opening, without there being a risk of the first storage container bursting.
  • a cylindrical or frustoconical first storage container, tapering from the opening to the base can also advantageously act as a flow breaker and thereby maintain better temperature stratification in the second storage container.
  • the second storage container comprises an inner base and an outer base, which are separated from one another by a thermal insulation region, wherein the thermal insulation region is designed to thermally insulate the second storage container from the outside in the region of its inner and outer base.
  • the thermal insulation region between the inner base and outer base can preferably have a width of between 5 and 150 mm, more preferably between 10 and 50 mm, wherein said width can also be different from the inside to the outside in the case of different curvatures of the inner base and outer base, i.e. can vary within the specified range.
  • the thermal insulation region can preferably be designed as an evacuated region between the inner base and outer base; and/or comprise a plastic layer, in particular a polyethylene plate or polyethylene coating.
  • a thermal insulation area in the area of the inner and outer floor advantageously prevents icing below the outer floor of the second storage tank during operation and thus prevents the second storage tank from being pushed out of its anchorage within the third storage tank by expanding ice.
  • the second storage container can withstand an internal pressure of 2.5 to 3.5 bar, preferably 3.0 bar.
  • the cold storage device can be integrated via its at least two inlets and at least two outlets into a closed circuit of the second refrigerant, in particular a brine source circuit of the heat pump, in which an operating pressure of up to 3 bar generally prevails.
  • the third storage container is designed as a liquid-tight trough which accommodates the second storage container in such a way that the second storage container can be brought into contact with the third refrigerant at least in sections, in particular in a section up to 30% of a height of the second storage container, preferably up to 60% of its height.
  • the cold storage unit in particular the second storage container, can preferably be made of stainless steel, in particular chromium steel, thus eliminating the need for external insulation of the second storage container with an insulating material such as Armaflex.
  • the second storage container would then be colder than the ambient temperature at the respective installation location (for example, the temperature in the basement in which the cold storage unit according to the invention is located), causing air humidity to condense on the outside of the second storage container. This would advantageously keep the installation location, in particular the basement, dry.
  • the design of the third storage tank as a liquid-tight tray advantageously enables the collection and drainage of said condensate.
  • its height can thus be only a few centimeters, i.e., a few percent of the height of the second storage tank, and it can preferably have a floor drain for the collected condensate.
  • the third storage tank can also be designed as a classic, upwardly open collecting tray made of steel or plastic, which reaches 30 to 60 percent of the height of the second storage tank. The larger the volume of the third storage tank, the greater the additional energy gain in its function as a latent storage device.
  • a third storage container designed in this way also advantageously enables a simple and cost-effective installation of the cold storage device according to the invention in any room of a building and, in particular, offers simple possibilities for filling and emptying, for example via a mobile pump and/or a flexible hose system.
  • the third storage container can also be designed such that it completely accommodates the second storage container.
  • a third storage container which can be designed in particular as a floodable container, floodable tank, or preferably as a floodable space, in particular as a retention space or as a liquid-tight space, advantageously allows the second storage container to be brought into contact with the third refrigerant up to any desired height of the second storage container, as required.
  • a liquid-tight room within the meaning of the present invention can, for example, be a room of tightness class 2 according to standard SIA 272 of the Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects.
  • the design as an entire room or cistern makes it possible, in particular, to flood the entire "tank-in-tank," i.e., the second storage tank within the third storage tank, by more than 50% or, preferably, to completely flood it.
  • the walls of the third storage tank i.e., the room, cistern, or tank walls, are 20 to 100 cm, preferably 50 to 80 cm, away from the outer side wall of the second storage tank, thus reducing or preventing the third refrigerant, in particular the water, from completely freezing up to the walls of the third storage tank.
  • Such a system can advantageously store up to 12 times more energy than a simple state-of-the-art cold storage system of the same size.
  • the third storage tank comprises at least one inlet and at least one overflow for the third refrigerant, wherein the overflow is arranged at such a height on a wall of the third storage tank that the third storage tank can be filled with the third refrigerant to a maximum of 90% of a height of the third storage tank.
  • the cold storage unit in particular the second storage tank, can preferably be made of stainless steel, especially chromium steel, thus eliminating the need for external insulation of the second storage tank with an insulating material such as Armaflex.
  • the third storage tank which completely accommodates the second storage tank, can then be flooded with the third refrigerant, preferably up to a maximum of 90% of the height of the third storage tank.
  • the third refrigerant surrounding the second storage tank can then advantageously also exchange heat with the second refrigerant inside the second storage tank and advantageously further increase the heat capacity of the entire system.
  • a particularly annular volume of approximately 20 to 50 cm thickness can be permitted around the outer wall of the second storage tank, in which the third refrigerant can freeze upon releasing heat to the second refrigerant.
  • the third storage tank advantageously provides a fully seasonal ice storage system, the hydraulics of which are much simpler and more cost-effective than those of a conventional ice storage system.
  • an overflow arranged at such a height on a wall of the third storage tank that the third storage tank can be filled with the third refrigerant to a maximum of 90% of the height of the third storage tank prevents the third refrigerant from freezing completely up to an upper limit or ceiling of the third storage tank and, in particular if the third refrigerant is water, from pressing against the upper limit or ceiling of the third storage tank.
  • At least one guide element can be arranged inside the second storage vessel in the region of at least one of the inlets, preferably in the region of both inlets.
  • One or more guide elements advantageously make it possible to specifically direct the respective inflow of second refrigerant into different layers of the second storage vessel and thus to control the stratification of the second refrigerant in said second storage vessel.
  • an embodiment of the invention has also proven successful in which at least one reinforcement ring, preferably three or four reinforcement rings, are arranged inside the second storage vessel between an outer wall of the first storage vessel and an inner side of an outer side wall of the second storage vessel.
  • One or more reinforcement rings arranged between an outer wall of the first storage vessel and an inner side of an outer side wall—i.e., the inner wall—of the second storage vessel can not only serve to protect the first storage vessel from implosion, but can also advantageously function as stratification plates for controlling the temperature stratification of the second refrigerant.
  • the second storage container can comprise at least one third inlet and at least one third outlet for connection to at least one additional source, wherein a guide element can preferably be arranged in the region of the third inlet.
  • the additional source can be an additional heat source, for example in the form of a fireplace, a small gas boiler, or a pellet stove, in order to maintain the temperature of the second refrigerant in the cold storage tank in a controlled manner, preferably during the cold winter months.
  • the additional source can also be an additional cooling device that is configured to reduce the temperature of the second refrigerant in a controlled manner as needed.
  • the first refrigerant is a phase change material, in particular water or paraffin
  • the second refrigerant is ethylene glycol or an ethylene glycol-water mixture or propylene glycol or a propylene glycol-water mixture
  • the third refrigerant is a phase change material, in particular water or paraffin.
  • an ethylene glycol-water mixture as the second refrigerant advantageously enables comparatively cost-effective operation of the cold storage device according to the invention in a "normal" operating temperature range of -10 °C to + 15 °C in the second storage container.
  • Increasing the ethylene glycol content of this mixture up to pure ethylene glycol advantageously enables the operating temperature range to be extended at low temperatures down to approximately -15 °C.
  • a mixture of propylene glycol and water or pure propylene glycol can be used as the second refrigerant.
  • the use of propylene glycol in a mixture with water advantageously allows operation at even lower refrigerant temperatures down to approximately -60 °C when using pure propylene glycol.
  • the cold storage device comprises at least two second storage containers, preferably a plurality of second storage containers.
  • the second storage container can preferably be manufactured in a fixed size.
  • the use of several second storage containers in a cold storage device then advantageously enables scaling of the respective cold storage device in terms of performance and storable energy quantity.
  • the second storage containers can preferably be connected in parallel with one another in such a way that the pipes from the photothermal module to the heat pump and back are laid in a ring such that the sum of the lengths of the supply line and return line is essentially the same for each of the second storage containers.
  • Such a pipe layout in the present case within the framework of a parallel connection, is also referred to as a Tichelmann pipe layout.
  • the pipework can preferably be made of plastic, in particular polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), in order to advantageously minimize icing of the pipework and limit it to the active surfaces of the cold storage device.
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • the cold storage device 1 is particularly suitable for use as an energy storage device in a building supply system.
  • Fig. 1 The building supply system illustrated comprises, for example, a photothermal module 3, a heat pump 2, and various consumers, such as a combination storage tank 5 for drinking and domestic water, which in turn supplies various drinking water consumers 6, such as showers, faucets, etc., with cold and/or hot drinking water.
  • said combination storage tank 5 can also supply a heating system 7 with hot domestic water and/or an air conditioning system (not shown here) with cold domestic water.
  • the cold storage tank 1 according to the invention is preferably arranged between the photothermal module 3 and the heat pump 2 are switched on.
  • the cold storage unit 1 can also be connected to at least one additional source 4, for example in the form of a fireplace, a small gas boiler, or a pellet stove as an additional heat source, and/or in the form of an air conditioning system as an additional cooling device.
  • a first embodiment of a cold storage device 1 comprising a cylindrical first storage container 11 and a third storage container 13 designed as a liquid-tight trough.
  • the cold storage device 1 comprises at least a first storage container 11 with an opening 112 for filling the first storage container 11 with a first refrigerant K1.
  • the filling can be carried out in particular via a hose line with a pump (not shown) or another supply line (also not shown).
  • the first storage container 11 can also advantageously always be in mass exchange with its surroundings, in particular with a third storage container 13, via said opening 112, so that no higher pressure than the ambient pressure or the pressure in the third storage container 13 develops inside the first storage container 11, and in the case that the same phase change material, in particular water, is used as the first K1 and third K3 refrigerant, the first storage container 11 can be filled by flooding the third storage container (cf. also the embodiment in Fig. 3 ).
  • the opening 112 of the first storage tank 11 can be provided with a cover 111, which, however, is preferably designed to allow pressure equalization with the environment or with the third storage tank 13.
  • the first storage tank 11 is delimited by at least one side wall 113 and a bottom 114 opposite the opening 112 to form a second storage tank 12 for a second refrigerant K2.
  • the second storage tank 12 is arranged according to the invention around the first storage tank 11 and completely accommodates the first storage tank 11, so that the volume of the second storage tank 12 relative to the first storage tank 11 is delimited by said at least one side wall 113 and the bottom 114 of the first storage tank 11.
  • the outer boundary, formed by the side wall 113 and the bottom 114 of the first storage container 11, thus forms the inner boundary of the second storage container 12.
  • a third storage tank 13 for a third refrigerant K3 is arranged around the second storage tank 12. This third storage tank 13 at least partially accommodates the second storage tank 12.
  • the third storage container 13 can, for example, as in Fig. 2 shown - be designed as a liquid-tight tray which accommodates the second storage container 12 in such a way that the second storage container 12 can be brought into contact with the third refrigerant K3 at least in sections.
  • the height 134 of the third storage container 13 designed as a tray can preferably be selected such that the third refrigerant K3 located in the third storage container 13 can collect up to a height which corresponds to 30% of a height 120 of the second storage container 12, preferably up to 60% of said height 120.
  • said tray which is primarily used to collect and drain condensate forming on the outside of the outer side wall 1201 of the second storage container 12, its height can in particular be only a few cm, i.e. a few % of the height 120 of the second storage container 12, and can preferably have a floor drain for the collected condensate (not shown here).
  • the condensation enthalpy of the condensate water forming can then advantageously be transferred to the second refrigerant K2 via the preferably uninsulated outer side wall 1201 of the second storage tank 12.
  • the second storage container 12 can comprise, in addition to at least one outer side wall 1201, an inner base 127 and an outer base 129, which are preferably separated from one another by a thermal insulation region 128.
  • the thermal insulation region 128 can then preferably be configured to thermally insulate the second storage container 12 from the outside in the region of its inner base 127 and outer base 129.
  • the thermal insulation region 128 between the inner base 127 and outer base 129 can preferably have a width between 5 and 150 mm, preferably between 10 and 50 mm, wherein said width can also be different from the inside to the outside in the case of different curvatures of the inner base 127 and outer base 129, i.e., can vary within the specified range, and can be formed, for example, by a plastic layer, in particular a polyethylene plate or polyethylene coating, between the inner base 127 and outer base 129.
  • the thermal insulation region 128 also, as in the Fig. 1 and 2 shown, be designed as an evacuated area between inner floor 127 and outer floor 129, wherein a plastic layer, as previously described, can also be arranged additionally within the evacuated area.
  • the second storage tank 12 comprises at least two inlets 121 and 123 and at least two outlets 122 and 124 for the second refrigerant K2, wherein one inlet-outlet pair, here exemplarily the first inlet 121 and the first outlet 122, can connect the second storage tank 12 to the photothermal (PVT) module 3; while the other inlet-outlet pair, here exemplarily the second inlet 123 and the second outlet 124, can connect the second storage tank 12 to the heat pump 2.
  • Silicone sleeves for thermally insulating the inlet and/or outlet areas can be arranged around the inlets 121 and 123 and around the outlets 122 and 124, respectively, on the outside of the outer side wall 1201 of the second storage tank 12.
  • the second storage tank 12 can thus preferably form a closed circuit for the second refrigerant K2 with the PVT module 3 and the heat pump 2.
  • the second storage tank 12 can therefore preferably be designed such that it can withstand an internal pressure of 2.5 to 3.5 bar, preferably 3.0 bar.
  • said second storage tank 12 can be made of chrome steel 1.4301 and have a height 120 of approximately 200 cm, a diameter of approximately 78 cm, and a filling capacity for the second refrigerant K2 of approximately 365 L.
  • the first storage tank 11 surrounded by the second storage tank 12 can, in this example, have a filling capacity of 530 L, so that such a storage tank combination can advantageously achieve a storage capacity of, for example, 74 kWh in a temperature range of the second refrigerant K2 from -5 °C to +20 °C.
  • the dimensions and filling contents of said storage combination can also be adapted as required.
  • the example described here can also be applied to the Fig. 3 transferred to the configuration shown.
  • Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of a cold storage device 1 according to the invention with a frustoconical first storage container 11, in which the third storage container 13 is designed such that it completely accommodates the second storage container 12.
  • Such a third storage tank 13, which completely accommodates the second storage tank 12, can preferably be formed by a floodable space, in particular a retention space or a liquid-tight space, such as a rainwater cistern or a converted oil tank.
  • a "liquid-tight space” can in particular be a space of tightness class 2 according to standard SIA 272 of the Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects. In this way, existing building facilities, which were previously used, for example, for heating the building with fossil fuels, can be advantageously converted into a sustainable heating system.
  • such a third storage tank 13 can comprise at least one inlet 131 and at least one overflow 132 for the third refrigerant K3, wherein the overflow 132 is preferably arranged at a height 135 on a wall of the third storage tank 13 such that the third storage tank 13 can be filled with the third refrigerant K3 to a maximum of 90% of a height 134 of the third storage tank 13.
  • the second storage container 12 can, as in Fig. 3 shown, comprise at least one third inlet 125 and at least one third outlet 126 for connection to at least one additional source 4, wherein a guide element 1251 can preferably be arranged in the region of the inlet 125. Similar guide elements 1211 and 1231 can also be arranged inside the second storage container 12 in the region of at least one of the inlets 121 and 123, respectively. preferably in the area of both inlets 121 and 132.
  • Said guide elements 1211, 1231 and/or 1251 can be manufactured in particular as sheets of chrome steel, and accordingly arranged and/or shaped in the area of the respective inlet 121, 123 and/or 125 on the inside of the outer side wall 1201 of the second storage container 12 such that they direct the respective inlet flow into the desired layer within the second storage container 12.
  • Said guide elements 1211, 1231 and/or 1251 in the areas of the first 121, the second 123 and/or the third 125 inlet can also be used in the Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a second storage container 12 in a plan view.
  • the first storage container 11 can preferably be cylindrical or frustoconical, wherein a substantially circular boundary surface of the truncated cone with a smaller radius r is preferably formed by the bottom 114 of the first storage container 11, a substantially circular boundary surface of the truncated cone with a larger radius R is preferably formed by the opening 112 of the first storage container 11 and a lateral surface of the truncated cone is formed by the at least one side wall 113 of the first storage container 11, so that the first storage container 11 tapers from top to bottom in the state of use (i.e.
  • Both a cylindrical and a truncated cone-shaped design of the first storage tank 11, tapering towards the bottom 114 of the first storage tank 11 and thus also towards the bottom 136 of the third storage tank 13, advantageously ensures reliable freezing of the first refrigerant K1 in the first storage tank 11 from bottom to top, i.e. from the bottom 114 to Opening 112 without the risk of bursting the first storage tank 11. This is particularly true if the inner wall 113 and/or the bottom 114 of the first storage tank 11 have a wall thickness of 7 mm.
  • a cylindrical or truncated cone-shaped first storage tank 11 that tapers from the opening 112 to the bottom 114 can also act as a flow breaker and enable or maintain better temperature stratification in the second storage tank 12.
  • a phase change material in particular water or paraffin
  • the third refrigerant K3 can also preferably be a phase change material, in particular water or paraffin, in all embodiments, with particular preference also being given to embodiments of the present invention in which the same phase change material, preferably water, is used as the first K1 and third K3 refrigerants.
  • the operating costs of such an embodiment of the cold storage device 1, in particular when rainwater is used as the water source, are advantageously particularly low. Said rainwater can advantageously be filtered before being introduced into the first 11 or third 13 storage containers.
  • Ethylene glycol or an ethylene glycol-water mixture or propylene glycol or a propylene glycol-water mixture can be used as the second refrigerant K2, whereby the use of an ethylene glycol-water mixture can again advantageously reduce operating costs.
  • Fig. 5 finally shows a third embodiment of a cold storage device 1 according to the invention with a frustoconical first storage container 11 and a third storage container 13 designed as a liquid-tight trough and reinforcement rings 141; 142; 143 and 144 arranged between an inner wall of the second storage container 12 and an outer wall 116 of the first storage container 11 and Fig. 6
  • Embodiments of said reinforcement rings 141; 142; 143 and 144 in a plan view.
  • one or more reinforcing rings 141; 142; 143 and 144 can be arranged between the outer wall 116 of the first storage container 11 and an inner side of an outer side wall 1201 - i.e. the inner wall - of the second storage container 12, which reinforce the outer wall 116 of the first storage container 11 with the inner wall of the second storage container 12 and thereby advantageously stabilize the first storage container 11 against the pressure acting on it and thus protect it from implosion.
  • the reinforcement rings 141; 142; 143 and 144 can be arranged within the second storage container 12, preferably at regular intervals along the height 120 of the second storage container 12.
  • Their inner diameters 1411; 1421; 1431 and 1441 preferably correspond to the outer diameter 115 of the first storage container 11 at the respective height 120 of the second storage container 12.
  • first reinforcement ring 141 which is preferably arranged in the region of the opening 112 of the first storage container 11, can have the largest inner diameter 1411
  • the second reinforcement ring 142 following along the height 120 of the second storage container 12 can have a smaller inner diameter 1421 compared to the inner diameter 1411 of the first reinforcement ring 141
  • the then following third reinforcement ring 143 can have a smaller inner diameter 1431
  • the lowest, fourth reinforcement ring 144 along the height 120 of the first storage container 11 can have the smallest inner diameter 1441 of all the reinforcement rings 141; 142; 143 and 144 used.
  • Each of the individual inner diameters 1411; 1421; 1431 and 1441 preferably each correspond to the outer diameter 115 that the first storage container 11 has at the corresponding height 120 of the second storage container 12.
  • the outer diameters 1412; 1422; 1432 and 1442 of the reinforcement rings 141; 142; 143 and 144 preferably each correspond to the inner diameter 1202 of the second storage container 12, so that in particular the second 142, third 143 and fourth 144 reinforcement rings have a ring width that spans the second storage container 12 at the respective height 120 between the inside of its outer side wall 1201 (i.e. its inner wall) and the outer wall 116 of the first storage container 11 and advantageously divides the second storage container 12 into sections (cf. Fig. 5 ). Said sections can comprise equal or unequal volumes.
  • the reinforcing rings 141; 142; 143 and 144 preferably have at least one through-hole 145, particularly preferably a plurality of through-holes 145, which in particular distributed at regular intervals across the respective ring width.
  • the second 142, third 143, and fourth 144 reinforcement rings each have 32 through holes 145.
  • the diameter of the through holes 145 may preferably be 8 to 15 mm, particularly preferably 10 mm. As shown in Fig.
  • the through-holes 145 can be distributed in particular on two concentric rings and offset from one another across the respective ring width on the reinforcement rings 141; 142; 143 and 144.
  • the first reinforcement ring 141 can also, as shown, have no through-holes 145 at all.
  • the uppermost, first reinforcement ring 141 can also advantageously form a pressurized outer surface or a closure of the first 11 and second storage containers 12 to the outside.
  • the first, uppermost reinforcement ring 141 can preferably be non-positively and materially bonded (i.e., tightly connected), in particular welded, to both the first storage container 11 and the second storage container 12.
  • the other reinforcement rings 142, 143, 144, in particular the second 142, third 143 and/or fourth 144 reinforcement ring, can preferably be connected to the first storage container 11 in a force-locking manner.
  • reinforcement rings 141; 142; 143 and 144 which can preferably be made of stainless steel, was described above as an example for an embodiment of the cold storage device 1 according to the invention with a truncated cone-shaped first storage container 11.
  • one or more such reinforcement rings 141; 142; 143 and 144 can also be used in an embodiment with a cylindrical first storage container 11 (cf. Fig. 2 ) are used in principle in the same way, wherein the inner diameters 1411; 1421; 1431 and 1441 of the reinforcing rings 141; 142; 143 and 144 in this case are preferably all of the same size and correspond to the outer diameter of the cylindrically shaped, first storage container 11.
  • the cold storage device 1 can also comprise at least two second storage containers 12, preferably a plurality of second storage containers 12, which can be interconnected in particular within the framework of a parallel circuit with so-called Tichelmann pipe routing, which advantageously enables scaling of the respective cold storage device 1 in terms of performance and storable amount of energy.
  • the present invention relates to a cold storage device 1 comprising at least: a first storage container 11 for holding a first refrigerant K1; a second storage container 12 for a second refrigerant K2, which is arranged around the first storage container 11 and completely accommodates the first storage container 11; and a third storage container 13 for a third refrigerant K3, which in turn is arranged around the second storage container 12 and at least partially accommodates the second storage container 12; as well as to the use of such a cold storage device 1 as an energy storage device in a building supply system comprising at least: a photothermal module 3, a heat pump 2, and a consumer.
  • the cold storage device 1 can advantageously serve as a powerful "battery" for sustainably generated energy and increases the independence and range of such a building supply system.
  • the cold storage device 1 is particularly well suited for converting existing buildings that were previously heated with fossil fuels.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
EP24212275.2A 2023-11-24 2024-11-12 Accumulateur de froid et utilisation d'un tel accumulateur de froid comme accumulateur d'énergie dans un système d'alimentation en carburant Pending EP4560244A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102023132915.4A DE102023132915B3 (de) 2023-11-24 2023-11-24 Kältespeicher und Verwendung eines solchen Kältespeichers als Energiespeicher in einem Gebäudeversorgungssystem

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EP4560244A1 true EP4560244A1 (fr) 2025-05-28

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EP24212275.2A Pending EP4560244A1 (fr) 2023-11-24 2024-11-12 Accumulateur de froid et utilisation d'un tel accumulateur de froid comme accumulateur d'énergie dans un système d'alimentation en carburant

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EP (1) EP4560244A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102023132915B3 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012097861A1 (fr) * 2011-01-17 2012-07-26 Klausdieter Ziegler Accumulateur de chaleur latente
DE202013001469U1 (de) 2012-02-15 2013-04-25 Pietro Cecchin Brauchwasser-Kombispeicher
EP3147584A1 (fr) 2015-09-28 2017-03-29 Gueorgui Kaymakanov Dispositif de stockage de liquide destine a stocker des liquides chauds et froids
DE102019135681A1 (de) 2019-12-23 2021-06-24 Envola GmbH Energiespeicher

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012097861A1 (fr) * 2011-01-17 2012-07-26 Klausdieter Ziegler Accumulateur de chaleur latente
DE202013001469U1 (de) 2012-02-15 2013-04-25 Pietro Cecchin Brauchwasser-Kombispeicher
EP3147584A1 (fr) 2015-09-28 2017-03-29 Gueorgui Kaymakanov Dispositif de stockage de liquide destine a stocker des liquides chauds et froids
EP3147584B1 (fr) * 2015-09-28 2018-05-02 Gueorgui Kaymakanov Dispositif de stockage de liquide destine a stocker des liquides chauds et froids
DE102019135681A1 (de) 2019-12-23 2021-06-24 Envola GmbH Energiespeicher

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KONZEPTE UND IDEEN ET AL: "Hessischer Staatspreis für innovative Energielösungen", 1 January 2018 (2018-01-01), XP093259679, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://redaktion.hessen-agentur.de/publication/2020/3277_HSPEBroschre2018.pdf> [retrieved on 20250314] *

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