EP4608708A1 - Capteur de mesure de couple pour velo a assistance electrique - Google Patents
Capteur de mesure de couple pour velo a assistance electriqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4608708A1 EP4608708A1 EP23806358.0A EP23806358A EP4608708A1 EP 4608708 A1 EP4608708 A1 EP 4608708A1 EP 23806358 A EP23806358 A EP 23806358A EP 4608708 A1 EP4608708 A1 EP 4608708A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casing
- sensor
- unit according
- electrical assistance
- torque
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
- B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
- B62M6/55—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at crank shafts parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
- B62J45/00—Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
- B62J45/40—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof
- B62J45/41—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by the type of sensor
- B62J45/411—Torque sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
- B62J45/00—Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
- B62J45/40—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof
- B62J45/42—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by mounting
- B62J45/421—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by mounting at the pedal crank
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of electrical assistance units for electrically assisted bicycles and that of electrically assisted bicycles.
- the sensors based on inverse magnetostriction cooperate with the movable ferromagnetic hub of the crankset, which complicates their implementation, in particular with regard to the transmission of data to the electrical assistance control means.
- these sensors are usually installed to capture the forces coming from the two pedals, which requires positioning them in areas where other mechanical or electrical parts are already located.
- the gauge and part of the circuit are on the hub, so rotate with it.
- Wireless communication, or with a brush, is carried out between the mobile part and the fixed part.
- the invention firstly relates to an electrical assistance unit for an electrically assisted bicycle comprising:
- At least one deformation sensor of the housing fixed on and/or against it and/or placed near the shaft, capable of measuring the deformations due to the pedaling efforts of a cyclist.
- the casing may include or possibly contain a transmission and/or gearbox system.
- the invention makes it possible to measure the forces applied by the cyclist on the pedals.
- the sensor(s) may be placed near the axis of the crankset, for example less than 5 cm from this axis.
- the cyclist's effort can be calculated.
- the invention therefore makes it possible to measure the deformation of the casing directly due to the force applied by the cyclist on the pedal.
- a correlation is established between the pedaling forces and the deformation on the housing. Then this correlation can be used or projected to calculate the cyclists' efforts.
- the appropriate electrical assistance can then be calculated or estimated and applied.
- the sensor(s) is/are not connected to the pedals, crankset, or derailleur or any moving part of the bicycle. It is/are fixed in relation to the casing.
- the invention makes it possible to measure a signal associated with the pedaling torque, different from the assistance torque, whereas known systems always measure the sum of the pedaling and assistance torques.
- the invention does not require additional components, in particular no expensive, bulky gears that cause loss of efficiency;
- At least one strain sensor or gauge may include an electrical resistance which may for example have a resistance value between 100 ohms and 1000 ohms or even 5000 ohms, but preferably between 120 and 500 ohms, for example 350 ohms. These values provide a good compromise between the management of energy consumption and the sensitivity of the sensor or gauge.
- An electrical assistance unit may further comprise, or be associated or coupled with, means, for example digital means (for example at least one processor), which are, or can be, programmed or specially adapted , to evaluate or calculate the pedaling torque, separately from the assistance torque or without it, and for example to calculate a new assistance torque, preferably as a function of the pedaling torque.
- digital means for example at least one processor
- An electrical assistance unit may include, for example, between 2 and 6 crankcase deformation sensors, fixed thereon.
- a reduced number of deformation sensors for example less than or equal to 3, allows material savings and simplified maintenance.
- the sensor(s), or at least part of them, is/are preferably arranged close to the axis, for example less than 5 cm from it.
- one of the sensors can be placed under the pedal axle, another being behind this axis (relative to the direction of movement of the bicycle);
- the sensor(s) may be placed on only one side of the casing, or at least one sensor may be placed on each side of the casing.
- At least one deformation sensor of the casing is arranged in or on, and/or so as to measure the stresses in, at least one well of constraint ; a stress well captures the stresses applied to the casing when the cyclist pedals or these pass through it; one or more wells can be made in the wall of the casing, for example by a local thinning of the wall of the casing, or even by a zone of the wall of the casing, this zone being made of a material different from Wall.
- an intermediate part can serve as a stress path between the bearing of the shaft or the pedaling axle and the housing, in order to transmit the forces measured by the gauge(s) or sensor(s), located on and/or against this intermediate part.
- At least one stress well is produced by an orifice or a recess on and/or against which a test body is positioned; this test body preferably has a thickness (e'i) less than the thickness e of the casing.
- An electrical assistance unit may also include means adapted or programmed for:
- windowing the signal, this windowing being temporal and/or in amplitude; windowing allows you to select a portion of the signal of interest;
- the invention also relates to an electrically assisted bicycle comprising an electrical assistance unit according to the invention.
- Such a bicycle may also include a temperature sensor.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing an electrical assistance unit for an electrically assisted bicycle, this unit comprising an electric motor in a casing, said method comprising:
- deformation sensor(s) for example between 2 and 6 sensors, in said zones of the casing identified in the previous step; a reduced number of deformation sensors, for example less than or equal to 3, allows material savings and simplified maintenance;
- At least one deformation sensor or gauge may include an electrical resistance which may for example have a resistance value between 100 ohms and 1000 ohms or even 5000 ohms, but preferably between 120 and 500 ohms, for example 350 ohms. These values provide a good compromise between the management of energy consumption and the sensitivity of the sensor or gauge.
- At least one crankcase deformation sensor can be positioned less than 5 cm from the crankset axle.
- a method according to the invention may further comprise the formation of at least one stress well (in the sense already explained above) in the wall of the casing, and the positioning of at least one sensor in and/or on and /or against said well constraint.
- at least one stress well can be produced by local thinning of the wall of the casing, and/or:
- one or more sensor(s) can be glued or fixed, for example by their ends, above or near a zone of the wall of the casing, this zone being made of a material different from the wall and forming a stress sinks;
- test body serves as a stress path between the bearing of the pedaling shaft and the housing, in order to transmit the forces measured by at least one sensor and gauge, located on and/or against this intermediate piece.
- At least one stress well is produced by forming a recess on which a test body is positioned, said test body being able to have a thickness (e'i) less than the thickness e of the casing.
- the means for example digital means (for example at least one processor), programmed or specially adapted, for evaluating or calculating the pedaling torque , separately from the assistance torque or without it, can allow:
- FIG IA and [FIG IB] represent an example of an embodiment of a bicycle and a casing to which the invention can be applied,
- FIG 2 represents a particular embodiment of a bicycle casing according to the invention.
- FIG 3A], [FIG 3B] and [FIG 3C] represent an embodiment of a bicycle casing according to the invention and the detection of forces applied in various directions;
- FIGS 4A], [FIG 4B] and [FIG 4C] each represent a wall of a casing according to the invention provided with one or more stress wells or one or more stress capture zones;
- FIG 5 represents an example of an embodiment of a bicycle to which the invention can be applied, one or more sensors being arranged on one side of the casing.
- FIG 6A] and [FIG 6B] represent a measuring system according to the invention.
- Figure IA represents an example of an embodiment of a bicycle to which the invention can be applied.
- This bicycle 10 comprises, in known manner, a frame 16 (composed of several assembled tubes), a front wheel 4, a rear wheel 6, a handlebar 8 connected to the front wheel by a fork 12, a saddle 14.
- a pedal board comprises two pedals 22, 24, connected by cranks 22', 24' to an axle which enters a housing.
- the orifice 21 or hub orifice
- the action of the cyclist on the crankset drives a chain 28.
- an electric motor is housed in a casing 20 which is crossed by the housing which houses the axle of the crankset.
- the casing 20 may also contain a control system 40 (in broken lines in Figures 1 and 2), which makes it possible to control the assistance provided to the cyclist by the electric motor.
- Reference 32 designates an electric battery.
- Figure IB shows the casing of Figure IA in more detail.
- Numerical references identical to those in Figure IA represent the same technical elements.
- the cyclist's force Fl is transmitted by a force path between the pedaling axle 21' (or hub) and the attachment points 20i, 20? to the frame.
- This force path largely passes through the hub and the area surrounding it; it is therefore this area, the hub and its periphery, which undergoes the greatest deformation.
- the points of attachment also see this effort, but to a lesser extent.
- Figure 2 shows a side view of the casing 20, from which the axle and its pedals have been removed.
- the references 23, 25, Tl represent three sensors, for example strain gauges, for example electrical and/or rosette type resistors.
- a gauge formed from an electrical resistance can for example have a resistance between 100 ohms and 1000 ohms or even 5000 ohms, but preferably between 120 and 500 ohms, for example 350 ohms.
- a resistance gauge that is too strong will consume little energy but will not have the desired sensitivity; a resistance gauge that is too low will have too much sensitivity.
- a gauge can be fixed by its ends to an area intended to deform.
- Each gauge has specific coordinates in the 2D plane to pass or apply maximum deformation to it. Additionally, any interference from the body under stress can be compensated for if the gauge is applied in the correct orientation.
- the sensor Tl is arranged above the position of the axis, the sensor 23 is arranged behind it (relative to the direction of travel of the bicycle), and the sensor 25 is arranged below.
- the Gauges are shown outside the casing, but it will subsequently be preferable to place them against the interior wall of the casing for reasons of protection. Whether they are placed indoors or outdoors, they are preferably located in areas with high levels of stress.
- Figures 3A-3C represent the case of only 2 sensors 23, 25, but arranged as described above in connection with Figure 2 (the sensor 23 is arranged behind the axis of the crankset, and the sensor 25 is arranged below).
- the sensor 25 detects the effort applied by a vertical force, as illustrated in Figure 3A; the two sensors 23, 25 each detect part of the force applied by a force F which has the diagonal direction shown in Figure 3B and the sensor 23 detects the force applied by a horizontal force, as illustrated in Figure 3C.
- FIG. 6A Another arrangement of 3 sensors or gauges 23, 25, Tl is shown in Figure 6A: they are all oriented in the direction of the axis of the crankset; they can form between them 2 equal angles a and the gauges 23, Tl, arranged on either side of the central gauge 25 (for example oriented horizontally), can be arranged at an angle P relative to the vertical axis AA'.
- At least one temperature sensor can be provided on or in the casing 20 or elsewhere on the bicycle: such a sensor can provide information on temperature variations, which can be integrated into the processing of the signals from the sensors 23-27 in order to to correct them for possible drifts due to these temperature variations.
- the sensors or strain gauges form a Wheatstone bridge, one of these sensors being used as a witness to provide temperature compensation.
- the sensor(s) 23-27 is/are arranged near the crankshaft.
- At least one sensor or gauge placed a few centimeters away, for example less than 1 cm, for example 5 mm, or even less than 4 cm, for example 10 mm or 20 mm, or still less than 5 cm or even 10 cm from the crankset hub, it is possible to clearly measure the deformations of the crankcase which result from the cyclist's effort.
- the wall 30 has a zone 30a of different configuration (for example thinner) and/or of different material from the other parts of the wall 30 and against which a gauge 23b is positioned; this zone 30a forms a stress well.
- the gauge 23b is for example fixed by its ends 23bi, 23b?.
- the casing 30 can be made of aluminum or magnesium or steel, or any other metallic material.
- a different material for zone 30a is for example a plastic material.
- the wall 30 has a hole or orifice or recess 30o above which, preferably on the interior side of the casing, a test body 30b, for example made of plastic material, is positioned and is fixed to the edges of the hole 30o for example by its lateral ends 30bi, 30bz.
- this test body has a thickness e'i less than the thickness e of the casing.
- a gauge 23c On or against this test body 30b is fixed a gauge 23c, which will detect deformations of the body 30b.
- the position and/or orientation of the sensors or gauges and/or the position of the stress wells can be adapted by applying the indications above to best capture the stresses resulting from the cyclist's efforts. For example, practically:
- - tests can be carried out with one or more gauges placed at different locations on the casing and/or in different orientations to test deformations;
- an electrical assistance unit for an electrically assisted bicycle, a casing is first produced, then:
- - one or more zones of the wall 30 of the casing 20 can be identified in which the deformations thereof are mainly or solely due to the pedaling efforts of a cyclist; - one or more stress wells can optionally be produced, as explained above in said zones;
- Tl can be positioned at 90° from each other, or distributed with angles different from 90° between them, of deformations in said zones of the casing, identified in the 1st step above, and/or possibly in or on or against one or more stress wells, produced in the previous step.
- the electric motor can be introduced or positioned in the casing, as can one or more electronic card(s).
- a preliminary calibration can be carried out at the factory. Once the effects of the engine on the deformations of the crankcase are known, the influence of these effects can be subtracted from the measurements made by the gauges according to the invention. It should be noted that we know how to recognize the cyclist's effort just before applying assistance, we also know about electric assistance so, for example by mapping the different cases of cyclist effort and engine torque, we know go back to the cyclist's torque.
- the distribution of disturbances can depend on the properties of the material (for example: aluminum, or magnesium, or steel, or plastic); it may not be equally and/or progressively distributed: we can therefore for example look for the maximum area then select the zone(s) capturing the maximum deformation.
- an average of the measurements can be taken. Such an average makes it possible to reduce the influence of parasites over a short period. For example, if a cyclist comes down from a sidewalk, there will be a peak of deformation. The average makes it possible to reduce the influence of this peak.
- bias coefficient(s) can be found in the laboratory, and for example then gradually corrected once the cyclist starts using the bike in different conditions each day.
- Figure 5 represents an application of the invention in which several sensors (only sensor 23 is shown in this figure) are distributed on a single side of the casing, for example on the right side lOd of the bicycle 10. These sensors provide different measurements depending on which leg produces the force. We can therefore detect which leg produces the force on the corresponding pedal and adjust the assistance of the electric motor. For example, in the case of a person with reduced mobility with a prosthesis in the left leg, the motor can increase the motor power (or electrical assistance) when the left leg with the prosthesis produces the force on the pedal and vice versa, the driving power (or electrical assistance) is reduced when the right leg produces the force on the pedal. In the case where gauges are present on the 2 lateral sides of the casing, we can also identify the forces provided by one leg and those produced by the other leg and adapt the electrical assistance accordingly.
- the sensors of a bicycle according to the invention are arranged inside the casing, which makes it possible to protect them.
- the sensors are fixed in relation to the casing, their assembly and use therefore do not require complex parts.
- the gauges can be glued against the crankcase, using cold glue, but preferably using hot glue which will better withstand temperature variations.
- the transmission of the signal produced by the sensor(s) to the control system 40 can be carried out by wire or wirelessly.
- This control system 40 is itself preferably arranged in the casing. It comprises elements programmed to implement electrical assistance for the pedaling of a cyclist, for example according to one of the processes described in this application. It also makes it possible to process the measurement data provided by the sensor(s) 23-27.
- the associated torque can be for example 23Nm.
- the gauge gives a voltage of 8mV for a torque of 0 (therefore without electrical assistance).
- Nm 1.9166xmV-15.33
- This formula can be programmed, for example in unit 50 (see Figure 6A, description below) to convert the measured voltage, for example into a torque value.
- This correspondence table can be stored in storage means, for example in unit 50 (see Figure 6A, description below).
- the values can be read, for example in real time and/or with a delay, for example 10 ms, in a list(s) and a moving average can be calculated to eliminate jolts or noise peaks . If this system somehow fails, a pre-recorded chart can be used as a reference until the system is corrected or replaced.
- the deformation of the casing 20 is identical or close to the applied torque, but on a different scale, the deformation can be converted using a gain coefficient to deduce the torque.
- the conversion can be carried out by electronic means or a circuit specifically programmed for this purpose, for example a processor, for example contained in the unit 50 described later in connection with the figure
- the processing means for example the processor, calculate and inject electrical assistance into the engine
- the processing means for example the processor, can deduce the value of the new electrical assistance torque to be applied.
- the processor of the means 40 can implement digitization and/or calculation steps which make it possible to convert the measurements made by the gauge(s) into calculated or estimated values of the torques. applied by the cyclist, either by a calculation (linear law or gain) or by a correspondence table.
- windowing the signal (or “trimming”) around the region of interest of the signal; this windowing can be temporal (part of the signal is selected in a time window) and/or amplitude (part of the signal between a maximum intensity value and a minimum intensity value is selected);
- the torque and/or effort (or force) applied by the cyclist can be estimated or calculated based on the signal(s) measured and possibly one or more of the steps described above .
- the treatment may be more or less easy to carry out depending on the quality of positioning of the gauges as described above.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B represent a functional diagram of a measurement implementing steps such as described above. These steps can be implemented by electronic components, for example comprising one or more processors, specifically adapted or programmed to implement said processing steps, all of these components being for example integrated in the form of a printed circuit (PCB) 50.
- PCB printed circuit
- step SI the signal from sensor(s) 23-27 is digitized. It can then be filtered (step S2 and/or S6), then corrected (step S3, which concerns for example a correction of the gain applied to the signal and a possible temporal windowing thereof), depending on a temperature measurement (step S4) and windowing (step S5).
- the steps of measuring temperature (step S4) and windowing the signal can condition a step of selection and/or calculation of the gain applied to the signal.
- S8 represents the storage in memory of coefficient(s) and/or software parameters, with a view to processing the signal using these coefficient(s) and/or parameters. Processing may be carried out with hardware and/or software components and/or with parameters specified by users.
- S7 represents the grouping (in a central unit) of the software parameters, the filtered signal and possibly the temperature compensation(s) (after windowing).
- a hysteresis compensation step (S9) of the sensor(s) is then applied.
- a windowing step in amplitude (a maximum value and a minimum value of the signal are selected);
- step S14 the angle a of the pedal can be calculated, from the information on the torque or the effort estimated or calculated during step S13 and for example according to the orientation of the sensors /gauges.
- the electrical assistance torque to be applied to the motor can then be transmitted to the motor.
- This can be achieved by the module 52 for controlling the gearbox, for example produced in the form of a PCB, again for example as illustrated in Figure 6B.
- the data is processed to be transmitted to an inverter (step S16), then to the motor (step S17), to a reducer (step S18) and finally an electrical assistance torque is transmitted to the axis (step S19).
- the means, or electronic components, for implementing the steps mentioned above in connection with Figures 6A and 6B are preferably located (see the means 40 of Figures 1A-2) inside the casing 20.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2211090A FR3141143B1 (fr) | 2022-10-25 | 2022-10-25 | Capteur de mesure de couple pour velo a assistance electrique |
| PCT/FR2023/051675 WO2024089360A1 (fr) | 2022-10-25 | 2023-10-25 | Capteur de mesure de couple pour velo a assistance electrique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4608708A1 true EP4608708A1 (fr) | 2025-09-03 |
Family
ID=85018379
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23806358.0A Withdrawn EP4608708A1 (fr) | 2022-10-25 | 2023-10-25 | Capteur de mesure de couple pour velo a assistance electrique |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4608708A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3141143B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024089360A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09328092A (ja) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-22 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 補助電動モータ付自転車 |
| NL1013338C2 (nl) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-04-23 | Idbike | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het meten van een door een fietser verrichte inspanning. |
| TWM422528U (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2012-02-11 | Xu Hong Jun | Transmission detection device for central axle |
| DE102012200232A1 (de) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Antriebsvorrichtung für ein Elektrofahrrad mit Kraftmessung zur Fahrerwunscherkennung |
| FR3095269B1 (fr) * | 2019-04-17 | 2021-11-26 | Mavic Sas | Capteur de mesure d ’effort |
-
2022
- 2022-10-25 FR FR2211090A patent/FR3141143B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-10-25 EP EP23806358.0A patent/EP4608708A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2023-10-25 WO PCT/FR2023/051675 patent/WO2024089360A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024089360A1 (fr) | 2024-05-02 |
| FR3141143A1 (fr) | 2024-04-26 |
| FR3141143B1 (fr) | 2025-06-20 |
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