EP4616010A1 - Objet tubulaire en fonte à graphite lamellaire, élément de tuyauterie et procédé de fabrication correspondants - Google Patents
Objet tubulaire en fonte à graphite lamellaire, élément de tuyauterie et procédé de fabrication correspondantsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4616010A1 EP4616010A1 EP23802267.7A EP23802267A EP4616010A1 EP 4616010 A1 EP4616010 A1 EP 4616010A1 EP 23802267 A EP23802267 A EP 23802267A EP 4616010 A1 EP4616010 A1 EP 4616010A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- inclusive
- cast iron
- mold
- blank
- tubular object
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
- B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
- B22D13/023—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis the longitudinal axis being horizontal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
- B22D13/12—Controlling, supervising, specially adapted to centrifugal casting, e.g. for safety reasons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/08—Manufacture of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
Definitions
- TITLE Tubular object in lamellar graphite cast iron, corresponding piping element and manufacturing process
- the present invention relates to a tubular object made of lamellar graphite cast iron, in particular manufactured in a mold.
- a cast iron alloy is known for example from FR3060607A1. This alloy is, however, a spheroidal graphite cast iron alloy and not a lamellar gray cast iron alloy.
- inoculants for the manufacture of cast iron objects.
- Such inoculants are for example described in document W00309314 which discloses an inoculant for foundry based on Fe-Si-Bi-La or in W02004104252 which discloses inoculants based on Fe-Si + Bi + Ca + Al + rare earths (mostly A).
- WO992991 1 describes an inoculant for lamellar or spheroidal graphite cast iron, comprising Si + (Ca and/or Sr and/or Ba) and optionally a rare earth namely Ce and/or La, Mg, AI , Mn and/or Ti and/or Zr.
- this inoculant also contains oxygen, in the form of metal oxides, and sulfur, in the form of metal sulphides.
- Table 6 of this document describes a commercial inoculant based on FeSi + Ca + Ba [Test no. P.] and a commercial inoculant based on FeSi + Ca + Bi + rare earth [Test no. Q].
- Lamellar graphite cast iron pipes should generally have a tensile strength greater than or equal to 200 MPa, a crushing strength greater than or equal to 350 MPa, and a Brinell HB hardness less than or equal to 260.
- Known lamellar gray cast iron pipes have minimum wall thicknesses. These thicknesses depend on the nominal diameters of the pipes. These characteristics ensure the required mechanical performance.
- the aim of the invention is to be able to provide a tubular object, for example a pipe or a tubular fitting, having given dimensions, which is light for these given dimensions, and which has mechanical properties at least in accordance with the standards in force.
- the tubular object according to the invention allows a weight saving advantageously between 15 and 35% compared to a similar object from the state of the art.
- a weight saving advantageously between 15 and 35% compared to a similar object from the state of the art.
- an aim of the invention is to provide tubular objects, such as cast iron pipes, with identical or improved mechanical strength and low raw material consumption.
- the object of the invention also applies to other tubular objects made of lamellar graphite cast iron than pipes, such as tubular fittings.
- the invention seeks to reduce their weight while maintaining a given mechanical strength.
- the subject of the invention is a tubular object made of lamellar graphite cast iron, in particular manufactured in a mold, the lamellar graphite cast iron comprising, in % by weight, the following elements:
- Mo Molybdenum
- the tubular object has an external diameter (DE) and a wall thickness (e), the wall thickness having, depending on the external diameter, one of the following values:
- the object according to the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics:
- the Silicon (Si) content of the lamellar graphite cast iron is between 2.8% inclusive and 3.9% inclusive, and is preferably between 3.1% inclusive and 3.9% inclusive, and is in individual between 3.3% inclusive and 3.7% inclusive;
- the object is obtained by a manufacturing process in which a shaped surface is devoid of temporary thermal insulator or temporary refractory material when the liquid cast iron is poured into the mold, or the object is obtained by a manufacturing process in which a temporary refractory material or a temporary thermal insulator is deposited on a shaped surface before the step of pouring the liquid cast iron into the mold;
- the lamellar graphite cast iron has a tensile strength Rm greater than 200 MPa, preferably greater than 340 MPa and in particular greater than 380 MPa; - the lamellar graphite cast iron has a crushing strength Re greater than 350 MPa, preferably greater than 490 MPa and in particular greater than 520 MPa;
- the lamellar graphite cast iron has a Brinell HB hardness less than or equal to 260HB, and in particular less than or equal to 230HB;
- the residual elements include one or more of the elements taken from the list consisting of Calcium (Ca) and Aluminum (Al);
- the residual elements include one or more of the elements taken from the list consisting of: Zirconium (Zr), Manganese (Mn) and Barium (Ba); And
- the residual elements include one or more of the elements taken from the list consisting of: at least one rare earth, in particular cerium (Ce) and Bismuth (Bi).
- the invention also relates to a piping element comprising a base body, characterized in that the base body is a tubular object as defined above.
- the piping element according to the invention is either a pipe, in particular a pipe comprising two joined ends or comprising a joined end and an interlocking end, or a tubular connection.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a tubular object as defined above or a piping element as defined above, comprising the following successive steps: a) casting cast iron liquid in a mold having a shaped surface, b) the liquid cast iron is allowed to solidify, obtaining a blank of the object, c) the blank of the object is subjected to heat treatment, obtaining the cast iron object (16), notably
- the manufacturing process may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
- an inoculant is added to the cast iron, the quantity of silicon added by the inoculant is included between 0.1 and 0.4% of the mass of the cast product, the silicon content added at this inoculation step corresponding to the final silicon content of the lamellar graphite cast iron minus the silicon content present in the casting ladle, and the inoculant is a ferroalloy comprising, in % by weight, silicon (Si) at a content of at less than 60.0% inclusive and at most 80.0% inclusive, in particular between 62.0% inclusive and 69.0% inclusive or between 68.0% inclusive and 70.0% inclusive, or even at a content between 70.0% inclusive and 76.0% inclusive, and one or more of the following:
- Calcium (Ca) at least 0.5% inclusive and at most 2.1% inclusive, in particular between 1.2% inclusive and 2.1% inclusive, between 0.6% inclusive and 1.9% inclusive or between 0. 75% included and 1.25% included,
- Aluminum (Al) at least 0.5% inclusive and at most 1.3% inclusive, in particular between 0.5% inclusive and 1.0% inclusive, between 0.55% inclusive and 1.3% inclusive or between 0. 75% included and 1.25% included,
- Zirconium (Zi) ⁇ 4.5%, notably between 2.8% inclusive and 4.5% inclusive,
- Manganese (Mn) ⁇ 3.5%, notably between 2.5% inclusive and 3.5% inclusive,
- Bismuth (Bi) ⁇ 1.3%, notably between 0.8% inclusive and 1.3% inclusive, the remainder being iron (Fe).
- the inoculant is a ferroalloy having, in % by weight, one of the following compositions: a) Silicon (Si) between 68.0% inclusive and 70.0% inclusive, Calcium (Ca) between 1.2 % inclusive and 2.1% inclusive, and Aluminum (Al) between 0.5% inclusive and 1.0% inclusive, the remainder being iron (Fe); b) Silicon (Si) between 62.0% inclusive and 69.0% inclusive, Calcium (Ca) between 0.6% inclusive and 1.9% inclusive, Aluminum (Al) between 0.55% inclusive and 1.3% inclusive, Zirconium (Zi) between 2.8% inclusive and 4.5% inclusive, Manganese (Mn) between 2.5% inclusive and 3.5% inclusive, Barium (Ba) between 3.0% inclusive and 5.0% inclusive, the remainder being iron (Fe); c) Silicon (Si) between 70.0% inclusive and 76.0% inclusive, Calcium (Ca) between 0.75% inclusive and 1.25% inclusive, Aluminum (Al) between 0.75% inclusive and 1.25% inclusive, Cerium (Ce) between 1.
- the shaped surface is devoid of temporary thermal insulation or temporary refractory material when the liquid cast iron is poured into the mold, and the heat treatment includes:
- a second graphitization step during which the blank of the lamellar graphite cast iron object is maintained at the graphitization temperature for a period of between 5 and 30 minutes, preferably 15 minutes,
- a fourth stage (ED4) of ferritization during which the blank of the cast iron object is cooled slowly, at a speed less than 40°C/minute, within a temperature range between 700°C and 780°C;
- a temporary refractory material or a temporary thermal insulator is deposited on the shaped surface before the step of pouring the liquid cast iron into the mold, and the heat treatment includes:
- a first ferritization step consisting of cooling the blank of the object slowly, at a cooling rate of less than 40°C/minute, from an entry temperature into an oven, greater than or equal to 800° C up to an end of ferritization temperature below 740°C,
- a third step consisting of heating the blank of the cast iron object to a relaxation temperature of between 600°C and 700°C, then maintaining the blank or the blank of the cast iron object at this temperature relaxation for a duration of between 10 minutes and 30 minutes.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of an installation for manufacturing a piping element forming a tubular object according to the invention
- FIG 2 is a time/temperature diagram showing the different stages of the heat treatment of the blank of the tubular object according to the invention manufactured by the installation of Figure 1;
- FIG 3 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of an installation for manufacturing a piping element corresponding to a tubular object according to the invention
- Figure 4 is a time/temperature diagram showing the different stages of the heat treatment of the blank of the tubular object manufactured by the installation of Figure 3;
- Figure 5 is an image of a structure of a tubular object made of lamellar graphite cast iron from the state of the art close to the surface of the object on the mold side;
- Figure 6 is an image of the structure of the tubular object in lamellar graphite cast iron of Figure 5 close to the surface of the object on the side opposite the mold;
- Figure 7 is an image of a structure of a tubular object made of lamellar graphite cast iron according to the invention, the image corresponding to that of Figure 5;
- Figure 8 is an image of the structure of the tubular lamellar graphite cast iron object of Figure 7, the image corresponding to that of Figure 6.
- the term "rare earth” includes one or more elements from the list consisting of: lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, yttrium and scandium.
- Figure 1 shows an installation for manufacturing a lamellar graphite cast iron pipe according to a first embodiment of the invention, designated by the general reference 2.
- the installation 2 comprises a feed bag 4, a pouring device 6, a pouring channel 8, an inoculation device 9, a rotating mold 10, a cooling device 12 and an extraction device 14.
- the installation 2 is used to manufacture piping elements 15, such as pipes, by centrifugation.
- the pipe element 15 forms a tubular object or a basic body 16 made of lamellar graphite cast iron.
- the feed bag 4 is a crucible made of refractory material containing liquid metal, such as cast iron.
- the pouring device 6 also called “basket”, has a volume corresponding to the quantity of liquid metal necessary to manufacture one or more base bodies 16.
- the pouring device 6 can be inclined into a position for pouring the liquid metal into the channel casting 8.
- the pouring channel 8 conducts the liquid metal from the pouring device 6 to the mold 10. It comprises an inlet 20 located near the pouring device 6 and an outlet 22 extending into the mold 10.
- the pouring channel 8 is inclined relative to the horizontal so that the outlet 22 is located lower than the inlet 20, thus allowing the liquid cast iron to flow by gravity.
- the rotating mold 10, also called “shell”, has a shape with symmetry of revolution, in the present example generally cylindrical, of axis XX, inclined relative to the horizontal such that it is parallel to the channel of casting 8. In what follows the expressions “axially” and “radially” will be used in reference to this axis XX.
- the mold 10 has an interior surface 24 of shape which is the negative surface of the base body 16, as well as a cylindrical exterior surface 26.
- the interior surface 24 is provided with a controlled roughness called "peening", making it possible to drive the liquid metal rotating during its pouring into the mold 10.
- the mold 10 includes a spigot end 28, which faces the inlet 20, and a spigot end 30, which faces away from the inlet 20 and which is provided with a core (not shown).
- the spigot end 28 forms the spigot end of the base body 16, while the socket end 30 forms the socket end of the base body 16.
- the mold 10 can be rotated around the axis XX. Furthermore, the mold 10 can be driven in translation along the axis , in which the outlet 22 is opposite the spigot end 28.
- the cooling device 12 comprises a watering means which is adapted to project cooling liquid, for example water, onto the exterior surface 26 of the mold 10.
- the cooling device may comprise a means cooling other than a means of watering the exterior surface of the mold, such as for example a water casing enveloping the exterior surface of the mold.
- the extraction device 14 is adapted to extract axially from the mold 10 the basic body blank 16 obtained following the pouring of the liquid metal into the mold.
- the pouring 6, cooling 12 and extraction 14 devices, the feed ladle 4 as well as the pouring channel 8 are known per se and are not described in more detail.
- the mold 10 is for example entirely made of forged steel.
- the installation also includes a heat treatment oven 40.
- the manufacture of the tubular object or the base body 16 according to the invention using installation 2 is carried out as follows.
- the manufacturing process implemented is a process having the characteristics of the manufacturing process called “DeLavaud”.
- Liquid cast iron is introduced into the feed ladle 4.
- the liquid cast iron in the ladle 4 is such that the tubular object or basic body 16 obtained with the method of manufacture according to the invention has the chemical composition defined below.
- Establishing the final silicon content of the tubular object or the base body 16 can be done before the casting step in the mold 10, by adding materials containing silicon, in particular FeSi alloys.
- the possible silicon contributions resulting from inoculation treatments using silicon-based agents can be taken into account to determine the quantity of silicon to be added to the liquid metal to obtain a tubular object or base body 16 having a compliant silicon content. to the invention.
- the establishment of the final silicon content of the tubular object or the base body 16, made before the casting step in the mold 10, can be carried out by adding to the cast iron a silicon content equal to that of the object minus the content provided by the inoculation.
- an inoculant is added to the cast iron.
- a so-called “late” inoculation step is implemented by adding the inoculant at least partly into the mold.
- the quantity of silicon added by the inoculant is between 0.1 and 0.4% of the mass of the cast product.
- the silicon content added at this inoculation step corresponds to the final silicon content of the lamellar graphite cast iron minus the silicon content of the cast iron present in the ladle or in the pouring device 6.
- an increase in the silicon content of the lamellar graphite cast iron according to the invention should not be obtained by increasing the quantity of silicon-based inoculating agent.
- the silicon content in the cast iron of the tubular object provided by the inoculation agent is between 0.1% and 0.4%.
- Liquid cast iron corresponding to the quantity of cast iron necessary for the base body 16, is introduced into the pouring device 6 via the feed pocket 4.
- the mold 10 is rotated around the axis XX and it is brought into its starting position of casting.
- liquid cast iron is poured from the pouring device 6 into the pouring channel 8, flows along it and is poured into the mold 10 at the socket end 30.
- the mold 10 is brought to its end of casting position while the liquid cast iron is gradually poured onto the interior surface 24 of the mold and, before the liquid cast iron comes into contact with the interior surface 24, the device inoculation agent 9 deposits an inoculating agent, for example a powder based on FeSi, on the interior surface 24 of the mold 10.
- an inoculating agent for example a powder based on FeSi
- the inoculating agent contains silicon, it is necessary to take this into account for the establishment of the final silicon content of the tubular object or base body 16 molded.
- the inoculating agent can be introduced entirely into the ladle or into the jet of cast iron poured into the pouring channel, even if this method of inoculation is not preferred.
- the interior surface 24 of the mold 10 is not covered with other materials and is in particular devoid of any temporary thermal insulator or temporary refractory material as used during the casting process called “Wetspray” (see also below regarding the installation of Figure 3).
- the mold 10 is cooled by the cooling device 12.
- the liquid cast iron in the mold 10 is pressed against the inner surface 24 by centrifugation, solidifies and forms a blank 161 of the base body 16. Instead of the blank 161, a semi-finished product can be produced.
- the blank 161 of the base body 16 is extracted from the mold 10 by the extraction device 14.
- the blank 161 of the base body 16 is subjected to a heat treatment, which will be described in more detail below and, at the end of the heat treatment, the base body 16 is obtained.
- the contents are indicated each time in % by weight.
- this indication also corresponds to the same content to two digits.
- the indication of a content value of 3.7% corresponds to the content value of 3.7% and to the content value of 3.70%.
- composition of the lamellar graphite cast iron used for the manufacturing process and therefore the composition of the base body 16 comprises, in % by weight, Carbon (C) at a content less than or equal to 3.7%, and Silicon (Si) at a content between 2.0 inclusive and 3.9% inclusive.
- composition of lamellar graphite cast iron also includes, in % by weight, Phosphorus (P) between 0.05% inclusive and 0.2% inclusive.
- Lamellar graphite cast iron may also include, in % by weight, the following elements:
- Mo Molybdenum
- V Vanadium
- Titanium (Ti) ⁇ 0.065%.
- the rest of the lamellar graphite cast iron is iron (Fe), and residual elements due to the production of the cast iron at contents less than 0.01% and unavoidable impurities at contents less than 0.01%.
- flake graphite cast iron can consist of the elements listed previously.
- the composition of lamellar graphite cast iron does not include Aluminum (Al), apart from the Aluminum possibly provided by the inoculation [see below], therefore the Al content is less than 0, 01%, preferably less than 0.005%.
- the composition of lamellar graphite cast iron does not include Magnesium (Mg), therefore the Mg content is less than 0.01%, preferably less than 0.005%.
- the silicon (Si) content of the lamellar graphite cast iron is preferably between 2.8% inclusive and 3.9% inclusive, in particular between 3.1% inclusive and 3.9% inclusive, and in particular between 3.3% inclusive and 3.7% inclusive.
- Figure 2 is shown the time/temperature diagram during the heat treatment of the blank of the base body 16 or more generally of a blank of the cast iron tubular object manufactured by the installation 2 of Figure 1 according to the “DeLavaud” manufacturing process. Subsequently, the terms “basic body 16” and “cast iron tubular object” will be used synonymously.
- This “De Lavaud” manufacturing process includes a step consisting of pouring liquid cast iron into mold 10 and allowing the liquid cast iron to solidify while obtaining the blank of the tubular object in lamellar graphite cast iron; then the blank of the cast iron object is subjected to heat treatment.
- the liquid cast iron is poured into the mold 10, the shaped interior surface 24 of which is devoid of temporary thermal insulation or temporary refractory material deposited on the interior surface 24.
- the blank of the base body is at a temperature generally between 900°C and 1000°C, and in particular equal to approximately 950°C.
- HAS the entrance to the heat treatment oven 40 the blank of the base body is at a temperature generally between 550°C and 650°C, in particular at a temperature of approximately 600°C, forming the starting temperature of the treatment thermal in the oven.
- a second heat treatment step ED2 the blank of the tubular cast iron object is maintained at the graphitization temperature which in the present case is equal to approximately 950°C.
- the second heat treatment step ED2 has a duration of between 5 minutes and 30 minutes, and in this case has a duration of 15 minutes.
- the cementite is dissolved and transformed into austenite and graphite.
- a third heat treatment step ED3 namely a cooling step, is implemented.
- the temperature is lowered, starting from the graphitization temperature, to a ferritization start temperature of between 880°C and 750°C, in this case equal to approximately 800°C.
- the temperature reduction during step ED3 is carried out over a period of time less than 7 minutes, and for example between 4 and 7 minutes excluded, preferably less than or equal to 6 minutes.
- a fourth heat treatment step ED4 which is a ferritization step
- the blank of the tubular cast iron object is cooled slowly, that is to say at a cooling rate of less than 40°C/ minute, preferably between 20°C/minute and 5°C/minute, within a temperature range between 700°C and 780°C.
- austenite is transformed into ferrite and graphite.
- a fifth step ED5 the blank of the tubular cast iron object is cooled from the end of ferritization temperature to a temperature below 100°C, and in particular to the ambient air temperature of 20°C. .
- the inoculating agent or inoculant used in the context of the invention is a ferroalloy based on silicon, the silicon being at a content of at least 60% inclusive and at most 80% inclusive, in particular between 62 .0% inclusive and 69.0% inclusive, or between 68.0% inclusive and 70.0% inclusive or between 70.0% inclusive and 76.0% inclusive, and the inoculating agent or inoculant may comprise, in % inclusive by weight, one or more of the following elements, the values indicated being preferably included each time:
- - Calcium (Ca) at least 0.5% inclusive and at most 2.1% inclusive, in particular between 1.2% inclusive and 2.1% inclusive, or between 0.6% inclusive and 1.9% inclusive or between 0.75% included and 1.25% included;
- Aluminum (Al) at least 0.5% inclusive and at most 1.3% inclusive, in particular between 0.5% inclusive and 1.0% inclusive, or between 0.55 and 1.3% inclusive or between 0, 75% inclusive and 1.25% inclusive;
- Manganese (Mn) ⁇ 3.5% inclusive, notably between 2.5% inclusive and 3.5% inclusive;
- the inoculant is a ferroalloy based on silicon and comprises calcium and the elements of at least one of the two groups consisting on the one hand of Zr, Mn and Ba and on the other hand of Ce and Bi, in the content ranges mentioned above.
- composition of the inoculants are indicated in the following Table 3 (% by weight, the remainder being iron):
- the resulting flake graphite cast iron contains residual elements which include Calcium (Ca) and Aluminum (Al).
- the content of the lamellar graphite cast iron of these residual elements Calcium (Ca) and/or Aluminum (Al) is in particular greater than 0.0% (ie not zero).
- the residual elements may also include one or more of the elements taken from the list consisting of: Zirconium (Zr), Manganese (Mn) and Barium (Ba).
- the content of the lamellar graphite cast iron of these residual elements Zirconium (Zr), Manganese (Mn) and/or Barium (Ba) is in particular greater than 0.0% (ie not zero).
- the residual elements may also include one or more of the elements taken from the list consisting of in at least one rare earth, in particular cerium (Ce) and Bismuth (Bi).
- the content of the lamellar graphite cast iron of these residual elements consisting of a rare earth, in particular cerium (Ce) and/or Bismuth (Bi), is in particular greater than 0.0% (ie not zero).
- the lamellar graphite cast iron thus obtained has a tensile strength Rm greater than 200 MPa, preferably a tensile strength Rm greater than 340 MPa and in particular greater than 380 MPa.
- the lamellar graphite cast iron thus obtained has a crushing strength Re greater than 350 MPa, preferably greater than 490 MPa and in particular greater than 520 MPa.
- the lamellar graphite cast iron of the tubular object according to the invention has a Brinell HB hardness less than or equal to 260HB, and in particular less than or equal to 230 HB.
- Lamellar graphite cast iron advantageously has an impact resistance according to standard NF A 48-730 of between 1.30 m inclusive and 2.00 m inclusive. Although this NF A 48-730 standard is generally no longer applied, it makes it possible to define the impact resistance of a lamellar cast iron object.
- the pipe element 15 or the base body 16 has an outer diameter DE and a wall thickness e.
- the pipe element 15 or the base body 16 also has a nominal diameter DN.
- the nominal diameter DN is for example less than or equal to 400 mm or less than or equal to 300.
- the nominal diameter DN is greater than or equal to 100 mm.
- the objects or pipes manufactured by the installations 2 or processes according to the invention comprise a specific wall thickness e as a function of the external diameter DE.
- These objects or pipes can have a relative mass MRL per cylindrical section one meter (1000mm) long which is a function of the external diameter DE and the wall thickness e.
- the relationship between the outer diameter DE and the wall thickness e is shown in the following table 4.
- the MRL relative masses were calculated considering that the density of the tubular objects according to the invention is 7.15 kg/dm 3 . For information purposes, the associated nominal diameter is also indicated. [Table 4]
- the wall thicknesses for each outer diameter are generally between the minimum stated wall thickness inclusive and the maximum stated thickness inclusive. Likewise, the limit values between which the MRL masses of the linear cylindrical sections are located are each time included for each of the external diameters in table 4.
- the values above can be considered exclusively on the current part, therefore excluding ends provided with a chamfer.
- the above values can be considered exclusively on the current part, excluding the ends of the fitting.
- the current part is therefore the part of a tubular object excluding the interlocking end.
- the current part can therefore be the part in the shape of a hollow cylinder.
- the wall thicknesses can also be located in each case between the minimum indicated wall thickness inclusive and the maximum indicated wall thickness excluded.
- the wall thicknesses for the aforementioned tubular objects are in the ranges of the following table 5, in which the maximum wall thickness is reduced compared to the aforementioned table: [Table 5]
- Pipe 1 is a comparative cast iron pipe with lamellar graphite which is not according to the invention and which has a standard thickness of 3.8mm.
- Pipes 2 to 4 have a thickness of 2.7mm and were manufactured according to the invention.
- Table 7 indicates certain mechanical properties measured on the pipes thus obtained.
- FIG 3 is shown a second embodiment of a manufacturing installation 2 according to the invention.
- Installation 2 and the method of manufacturing the piping element according to this second embodiment differ from the installation and the method described above only in what follows. Similar elements bear the same references.
- Installation 2 includes a device (not shown) for applying a refractory material. This device is adapted to deposit a layer of a temporary refractory material 50 on the interior surface 24 of the mold 10.
- the temporary refractory material 50 is known per se and is for example a mixture of water, bentonite and silica-based refractory product.
- the layer of temporary refractory material 50 reduces the cooling rate of the cast iron cast in the mold 10.
- the temporary refractory material 50 is replaced by a temporary thermal insulating material.
- the manufacturing process using installation 2 in Figure 3 is a “Wetspray” type manufacturing process. This process is as follows.
- the temporary refractory material 50 is placed on the interior surface 24 and forms a layer of temporary refractory material.
- the next step is to pour the liquid cast iron onto the layer of temporary refractory material.
- Lamellar graphite cast iron has an essentially ferritic matrix with a low pearlite content, in particular less than or equal to 10%, in particular when the Si content is greater than 3.1%.
- FIG 4 is shown the temperature/time diagram during the heat treatment of the blank of the base body 16 or more generally of a blank of the tubular cast iron object manufactured according to the “Wetspray” process by installation 2 according to the second embodiment shown in Figure 3.
- the blank of the base body 16 or of the cast iron tubular object undergoes heat treatment.
- the blank of the base body or the object is introduced into an oven at an inlet temperature above 800°C and, in a first heat treatment step EW1, is cooled at a cooling rate less than 40°C/minute until an end of ferritization temperature less than 740°C and preferably between 700°C and 740°C.
- This first step EW1 is a ferritization step during which the austenite is transformed into ferrite and graphite.
- the blank of the base body or the cast iron tubular object is cooled from the end temperature.
- ferritization up to a temperature below 100°C, and preferably between 20°C and 100°C excluded.
- This cooling takes place in air, that is to say at a speed between 30°C/min and 70°C/min and preferably between 40°C/min and 60°C/min and in particular at approximately 50°C/min.
- the air temperature during this cooling is between 10°C and 40°C.
- a relaxation heat treatment intended to relax the internal stresses initially present in the cast iron. This consists first of all in heating the blank of the base body 16 or the tubular cast iron object from the aforementioned temperature located between 20°C and 100°C to a relaxation temperature of between 600°C and 700°C, then maintaining the blank of the base body or the tubular cast iron object at this relaxation temperature for a period of between 10 minutes and 30 minutes.
- a fourth step EW4 the blank of the base body 16 or the cast iron tubular object is cooled to room temperature (20°C).
- the finished product after heat treatment has a remarkable structure, in particular with graphite particles at the outer edge that are more compact and richer in carbon.
- the chemical composition particularly in combination with the relatively low wall thickness and the heat treatment applied at the mold outlet, makes it possible to obtain a significant gain in terms of quality, size and distribution of particles, in particular throughout the thickness. .
- the aggregation of the graphite in a homogeneous manner across the thickness of the tubular cast iron object makes it possible to obtain a new microstructure never before observed for gray cast iron with lamellar graphite, particularly centrifuged.
- Figure 5 shows a micrograph of a structure of a tubular object made of lamellar graphite cast iron of the state of the art close to the surface of the object on the mold side. We see that the graphite particles are relatively small and distributed regularly.
- Figure 6 is a micrograph of the structure of the tubular lamellar graphite cast iron object of Figure 5 close to the surface of the object on the side opposite the mold. We see that the cast iron contains only a few graphite particles, which are also distributed irregularly.
- Figure 7 is a micrograph of a structure of a tubular object made of lamellar graphite cast iron according to the invention, the image being taken close to the surface of the object on the mold side, therefore close to the exterior surface in the case of a pipe.
- Figure 8 is a micrograph of the structure of the tubular object in lamellar graphite cast iron of Figure 7, the image being taken close to the surface of the object on the side opposite the mold, therefore close to the interior surface in the case of a pipe.
- Lamellar graphite cast iron within the meaning of the present invention can thus comprise a more or less high level of form II and/or IV graphite as described in standard NF EN ISO 945-1.
- the pipe element manufactured by the above methods may be a tubular element other than a socket pipe, for example a cylindrical tubular element.
- the composition of the lamellar graphite cast iron according to the invention can also be used for the manufacture of foundry fittings.
- the manufacturing process for such tubular objects consists of pouring liquid cast iron into a mold and inoculating it simultaneously. Then, after extraction from the mold and cooling to a temperature below 100°C, the blank of the cast iron object is subjected to a relaxation heat treatment. This consists first of all in heating the blank of the tubular object to a relaxation temperature greater than 400°C and preferably between 600°C and 700°C. Then, the blank of the cast iron tubular object is maintained at this relaxation temperature for a period of between approximately 10 minutes and 30 minutes. Finally, the blank of the tubular object is cooled to room temperature.
- the cast iron obtained at the end of this heat treatment makes it possible to reduce the weight of the foundry fitting compared to known fittings while maintaining identical or even improved mechanical resistance, or, at the same weight, makes it possible to increase the mechanical performance. of the foundry connection.
- the tubular object made of lamellar graphite cast iron according to the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain piping elements having low wall thicknesses for a given mechanical resistance or improved mechanical performance at similar wall thicknesses.
- the tubular objects according to the invention have significant resistance to shock, traction and crushing for given dimensions. Manufacturing and use, including transportation and handling, are therefore economical.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2211692A FR3141698B1 (fr) | 2022-11-09 | 2022-11-09 | Objet tubulaire en fonte à graphite lamellaire, élément de tuyauterie et procédé de fabrication correspondants |
| PCT/EP2023/081181 WO2024100133A1 (fr) | 2022-11-09 | 2023-11-08 | Objet tubulaire en fonte à graphite lamellaire, élément de tuyauterie et procédé de fabrication correspondants |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4616010A1 true EP4616010A1 (fr) | 2025-09-17 |
Family
ID=85222482
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23802267.7A Pending EP4616010A1 (fr) | 2022-11-09 | 2023-11-08 | Objet tubulaire en fonte à graphite lamellaire, élément de tuyauterie et procédé de fabrication correspondants |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4616010A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120239756A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2023376814A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3141698B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX2025005407A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024100133A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119859773B (zh) * | 2025-03-24 | 2025-07-04 | 成都宏源铸造材料有限公司 | 一种含稀土元素的高效铸铁孕育剂 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO306169B1 (no) | 1997-12-08 | 1999-09-27 | Elkem Materials | Ympemiddel for stöpejern og fremgangsmÕte for fremstilling av ympemiddel |
| JP4622179B2 (ja) | 2001-07-16 | 2011-02-02 | 日立金属株式会社 | 磁気冷凍作業物質および蓄冷式熱交換器ならびに磁気冷凍装置 |
| FR2855186B1 (fr) | 2003-05-20 | 2005-06-24 | Pechiney Electrometallurgie | Produits inoculants contenant du bismuth et des terres rares |
| FR3060607B1 (fr) | 2016-12-19 | 2021-09-10 | Saint Gobain Pont A Mousson | Objet en fonte a graphite spheroidal, element et procede de fabrication correspondants |
| CN111945057B (zh) * | 2019-05-14 | 2022-04-19 | 中原内配集团股份有限公司 | 一种高强度高耐磨的合金灰铸铁气缸套及其制备方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-11-09 FR FR2211692A patent/FR3141698B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-11-08 EP EP23802267.7A patent/EP4616010A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-11-08 WO PCT/EP2023/081181 patent/WO2024100133A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-11-08 CN CN202380078315.5A patent/CN120239756A/zh active Pending
- 2023-11-08 AU AU2023376814A patent/AU2023376814A1/en active Pending
-
2025
- 2025-05-08 MX MX2025005407A patent/MX2025005407A/es unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN120239756A (zh) | 2025-07-01 |
| FR3141698B1 (fr) | 2024-11-08 |
| MX2025005407A (es) | 2025-06-02 |
| AU2023376814A1 (en) | 2025-05-15 |
| FR3141698A1 (fr) | 2024-05-10 |
| WO2024100133A1 (fr) | 2024-05-16 |
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