EP4623014A1 - Isolation de câble d'alimentation en courant continu - Google Patents

Isolation de câble d'alimentation en courant continu

Info

Publication number
EP4623014A1
EP4623014A1 EP23808789.4A EP23808789A EP4623014A1 EP 4623014 A1 EP4623014 A1 EP 4623014A1 EP 23808789 A EP23808789 A EP 23808789A EP 4623014 A1 EP4623014 A1 EP 4623014A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power cable
ethylene copolymer
cable insulation
propenamide
ethylene
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23808789.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jerome VACHON
Peter Neuteboom
Silvia D'AURIA
Enrico Dalcanale
Roberta Pinalli
Christian Müller
Amir Masoud POURRAHIMI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SABIC Global Technologies BV
Original Assignee
SABIC Global Technologies BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SABIC Global Technologies BV filed Critical SABIC Global Technologies BV
Publication of EP4623014A1 publication Critical patent/EP4623014A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F210/02—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C57/02—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
    • C07C57/03—Monocarboxylic acids
    • C07C57/04—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2400/00—Characteristics for processes of polymerization
    • C08F2400/04—High pressure, i.e. P > 50 MPa, 500 bars or 7250 psi

Definitions

  • the radical reaction using initiators such as dicumyl peroxide results in the formation of some byproducts, like water, methane and a-methyl styrene. They have a very negative impact on the electrical properties of the insulation film, as explained e.g. in A. Smedberg; T. Hjertberg; B.Gustafsson; Polymer, 1997, 38, 4127.
  • the amount of units derived from the ion pair compound in the ethylene copolymer (Z) is ⁇ 25.0 wt% and the amount of units derived from ethylene in the ethylene copolymer (Z) > 75.0 wt.%, with respect to the ethylene copolymer (Z).
  • the amount of units derived from the ion pair compound in the ethylene copolymer (Z) is ⁇ 10.0 wt% and the amount of units derived from ethylene in the ethylene copolymer (Z) > 90.0 wt.%, with respect to the ethylene copolymer (Z).
  • the amount of units derived from the ion pair compound in the ethylene copolymer (Z) is ⁇ 5.0 wt% and the amount of units derived from ethylene in the ethylene copolymer (Z) > 95.0 wt.%, with respect to the ethylene copolymer (Z).
  • the ethylene copolymer (Z) used according to the invention advantageously avoids the formation of byproducts formed in the case with a cross-linked polyethylene. It was surprisingly found that the ethylene copolymer (Z) has a high melt strength as well as a very low DC conductivity. This makes it advantageous as a material to be used for making a DC power cable insulation.
  • One of the key parameters to see if a material is suitable for use as a DC power cable is the measurement of the DC conductivity.
  • One suitable metric to evaluate melt strength is by determining the number average molecular weight.
  • the present invention provides for ethylene copolymer having suitably high molecular weight even without chemical cross-linking, rendering it with improved processability for DC power cable application, while minimizing waste generation and other adverse side effects associated with using cross-linking agents.
  • the ethylene copolymer (Z) has suitable mechanical and rheological properties indicated with sufficiently high storage modulus.
  • the composition retains high storage modulus even at an elevated temperature, for example at 150 °C.
  • the DC power cable insulation comprises the ethylene copolymer (Z) at an amount of 95 wt% to 100 wt.%, with respect to the power cable insulation.
  • the DC power cable insulation according to the invention comprises additives at an amount of 0 to 5 wt.% with respect to the power cable insulation.
  • additives include such as anti-oxidants, stabilisers, color pigments.
  • the DC power cable insulation according to the invention comprises the ethylene copolymer (Z) at an amount of 95 wt.% to 99.99 wt.%, with respect to the power cable insulation and additives at an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt.% with respect to the power cable insulation.
  • the DC power cable insulation according to the invention may comprise additives such as anti-oxidants anti-oxidants, stabilisers, color pigments at an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt% with respect to the power cable insulation.
  • the present invention further provides a DC power cable comprising a conductor and an inner semiconductive layer, an insulation layer and an outer semiconductive layer which surround the conductor in that order, wherein the insulation layer comprises or is the DC power cable insulation according to the invention.
  • the DC power cable may further comprise one or more further layers, such as screen(s), a jacketing layer(s) or other protective layer(s) which may surround the outer semiconductive layer.
  • the present invention further provides a process for producing the DC power cable according to the invention, comprising applying the inner semiconductive layer, the insulation layer and the outer semiconductive layer on the conductor by co-extrusion.
  • the present invention further provides use of the ethylene copolymer (Z) for producing an insulation layer in a power cable comprising a conductor and an inner semiconductive layer, the insulation layer and an outer semiconductive layer which surround the conductor in that order.
  • Ri H or CH3.
  • X O.
  • R2 CH2-CH2.
  • the free base is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the free base is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the base salt is a halogen salt of the free base mentioned above.
  • the cation (I) is a quaternarization of the free base mentioned above.
  • the acid salt is an alkali metal salt of the free acid mentioned above.
  • the anion (II) is a deprotonated version of the free acid mentioned above.
  • the ethylene copolymer (Z) used in the present application is obtained by copolymerizing ethylene and an ion pair compound consisting of a cation of formula (I) and an acid anion of formula (II).
  • the ion pair compound according to the invention can be dissolved in various types of common polar organic solvents such as isopropanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and injected in the polymerization reactor as a solution.
  • common polar organic solvents such as isopropanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate
  • the copolymerization may be performed under known processes.
  • the pressure in such high-pressure free-radical polymerisation process preferably is in the range of > 180 MPa and ⁇ 350 MPa, preferably > 200 MPa and ⁇ 300 MPa.
  • the temperature in such high-pressure free-radical polymerisation process preferably is in the range of > 100 and ⁇ 350 °C, preferably > 150 and ⁇ 310 °C, preferably > 190 and ⁇ 260 °C, more preferable > 200 and ⁇ 250 °C.
  • Such high-pressure free-radical polymerisation process may for example be performed in a tubular reactor.
  • Such tubular reactor may for example be a reactor such as described in Nexant PERP Report 2013-2, ’Low Density Polyethylene’, pages 31-48.
  • Such tubular reactor may for example be operated at pressures ranging from 150 to 300 MPa.
  • the tubular reactor may have a tube length of for example > 1000 m and ⁇ 5000 m.
  • the tubular reactor may for example have a ratio of length to inner diameter of > 1000:1 , alternatively > 10000:1 , alternatively > 25000:1 , such as > 10000:1 and ⁇ 50000: 1 , alternatively > 25000: 1 and ⁇ 35000: 1.
  • the residence time in the tubular reactor may for example be > 30 s and ⁇ 300 s, alternatively > 60 s and ⁇ 200 s.
  • Such tubular reactors may for example have an inner tubular diameter of > 0.01 m and ⁇ 0.20 m, alternatively > 0.05 m and ⁇ 0.15 m.
  • the tubular reactor may for example have one or more inlet(s) and one or more outlet(s).
  • the feed composition may for example be fed to the tubular reactor at the inlet of the tubular reactor.
  • the stream that exits the tubular reactor from the outlet may for example comprise the ethylene copolymer.
  • the stream that exits the tubular reactor from the outlet may for example comprise unreacted feed composition. Such unreacted feed compositions may be recycled back into the tubular reactor via one or more inlet.
  • Suitable organic peroxides may for example include diacyl peroxides, dialkyl peroxides, peroxymonocarbonates, peroxydicarbonates, peroxyketals, peroxyesters, cyclic peroxides, hydroperoxides.
  • Suitable azo compounds may for example include 2,2’- azodi(isobutyronitrile), 2,2’-azodi(2-methylbutyronitrile), 1 , T- azodi(hexahydrobenzonitrile).
  • dialkyl peroxides examples include dicumyl peroxide, di(tert- butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane, tert-butyl cumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexyne, di-tert-butyl peroxide, di- isononanoyl peroxide, di-tert-amyl peroxide, didecanoyl peroxide.
  • suitable peroxydicarbonates are di(3-methoxybutyl)peroxydicarbonate, di- sec-butyl peroxydicarbonate, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, di(2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate, dibutyl peroxydicarbonate, diacetyl peroxy dicarbonate, dimyristyl peroxydicarbonate, dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate.
  • peroxyketals examples include 1 ,1 -di (tert- butyl peroxy)-3,5,5- trimethylcyclohexane, 1 ,1-di(tert-amyl peroxy)cyclohexane, 1 , 1 -di (tert-butyl peroxy)cyclohexane, 2, 2-di (tert- butyl peroxy) butane, butyl 4,4-di(tert-butyl peroxy)valerate, n-ethyl-4,4-di-(tert-butylperoxy)valerate, ethyl-3,3-di(tert- butylperoxy)butyrate, ethyl-3,3-di(tert-amylperoxy)butyrate.
  • Suitable peroxyesters are cumyl peroxyneodecanoate, 1 , 1 ,3,3, - tetramethylbutylperoxyneodecanoate, cumyl peroxyneoheptanoate, tert-amyl peroxyneodecanoate, tert-butyl peroxyneodecanoate, tert-butyl peroxyisononanoate, tert-butyl permaleate, tert-butyl peroxydiethylisobutyrate, 1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethylbutyl peroxypivalate, tert-butyl peroxyneoheptanoate, tert-amyl peroxypivalate, tert-butyl peroxypivalate, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)hexane, 1 , 1 , 3, 3- tetram
  • Suitable cyclic peroxides are 3,6,9-triethyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-1 ,4,7- triperoxononane, 3,3,5,7,7-pentamethyl-1 ,2,4-trioxepane, 3,3,6,6,9,9,-hexamethyl- 1 ,2,4,5-tetraoxacyclononane.
  • hydroperoxides examples include isopropylcumyl hydroperoxide, 1 ,1 ,3,3- tetramethylbutyl hydroperoxide, cumyl hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, tert-amyl hydroperoxide, methyl isobutyl ketone hydroperoxide, di-isopropyl hydroxyperoxide.
  • the free radical initiator composition is selected from 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert- butylperoxy)hexane, t-butyl peroxy pivalate (t-BPP) and/or t-butyl peroxy benzoate (t- BPB).
  • Such initiators may for example be introduced into the polymerisation reactor in quantities of ⁇ 300 ppm, preferably ⁇ 200 ppm, compared to the total weight of the materials fed to the polymerisation reactor.
  • chain transfer agents include cyclopropane, methane, t-butanol, perfluoropropane, deuterobenzene, ethane, ethylene oxide, 2,2-dimethylpropane, benzene, dimethyl sulfoxide, vinyl methyl ether, methanol, propane, 2-methyl-3-buten-2- ol, methyl acetate, t-butyl acetate, methyl formate, ethyl acetate, butane, triphenylphosphine, methylamine, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, N,N- diisopropylacetamide, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, n-hexane, isobutane, dimethoxymethane, ethanol, n-heptane, n-butyl acetate, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, 1 ,2- dichlorethane, acetron
  • the quantity of the chain transfer agent is preferably in the range between 0.01 and 2 mole %, compared to the total weight of the materials fed to the polymerisation reactor.
  • the amount of units derived from the ion pair compound in the ethylene copolymer (Z) is 1.00 to 5.00 wt%, 2.00 to 4.00 wt%, with respect to the ethylene copolymer (Z).
  • the amount of units derived from the ion pair compound in the ethylene copolymer (Z) ranges from 0.10 to 25.00 wt%, preferably from 0.25 to 15.00 wt.%, preferably from 0.25 to 10.00 wt%, preferably from 0.50 to 7.50 wt%, preferably from 1.00 to 7.50 wt%, preferably from 1.00 to 5.00 wt%, preferably from 1.50 to 5.00 wt.%, preferably from 2.50 to 5.00 wt.%, preferably from 2.00 to 4.00 wt%, with respect to the ethylene copolymer.
  • the amount of units derived from ethylene in the ethylene copolymer (Z) ranges from 75.00 to 99.90 wt.%, preferably from 85.00 to 99.75 wt.%, preferably from 90.00 to 99.75 wt.%, preferably from 92.50 to 99.50 wt.%, preferably from 92.50 to 99.00 wt.%, preferably from 95.00 to 99.00 wt.%, preferably from 95.00 to 98.50 wt.%, preferably from 95.00 to 97.50 wt.%, with respect to the ethylene copolymer.
  • the amount of units derived from the ion pair compound in the ethylene copolymer (Z) ranges from 0.10 to 25.00 wt% and the amount of units derived from ethylene in the ethylene copolymer ranges from 75.00 to 99.90 wt.%, with respect to the ethylene copolymer.
  • the amount of units derived from the ion pair compound in the ethylene copolymer (Z) ranges from 0.25 to 15.00 wt.% and the amount of units derived from ethylene in the ethylene copolymer ranges from 85.00 to 99.75 wt.%, with respect to the ethylene copolymer.
  • the amount of units derived from the ion pair compound in the ethylene copolymer (Z) ranges from 0.25 to 10.00 wt% and the amount of units derived from ethylene in the ethylene copolymer ranges from 90.00 to 99.75 wt.%, with respect to the ethylene copolymer.
  • the amount of units derived from the ion pair compound in the ethylene copolymer (Z) ranges from 1.00 to 7.50 wt% and the amount of units derived from ethylene in the ethylene copolymer ranges from 92.50 to 99.00 wt.%, with respect to the ethylene copolymer.
  • the amount of units derived from the ion pair compound in the ethylene copolymer (Z) ranges from 1.00 to 5.00 wt% and the amount of units derived from ethylene in the ethylene copolymer ranges from 95.00 to 99.00 wt.%, with respect to the ethylene copolymer.
  • the amount of units derived from the ion pair compound in the ethylene copolymer (Z) ranges from 1.50 to 5.00 wt.% and the amount of units derived from ethylene in the ethylene copolymer ranges from 95.00 to 98.50 wt.%, with respect to the ethylene copolymer.
  • the amount of units derived from the ion pair compound in the ethylene copolymer (Z) ranges from 2.50 to 5.00 wt.% and the amount of units derived from ethylene in the ethylene copolymer ranges from 95.00 to 97.50 wt.%, with respect to the ethylene copolymer.
  • the ethylene copolymer has a Mn of 1 to 100 kg/mol, more preferably 5 to 60 kg/mol, more preferably 10 to 50 kg/mol.
  • Mn are measured according to ASTM D6474-12 (Standard Test Method for Determining Molecular Weight Distribution and Molecular Weight Averages of Polyolefins by High Temperature Gel Permeation Chromatography). Mn stands for the number average molecular weight.
  • the term ‘comprising’ does not exclude the presence of other elements.
  • a description on a product/com position comprising certain components also discloses a product/com position consisting of these components.
  • the product/com position consisting of these components may be advantageous in that it offers a simpler, more economical process for the preparation of the product/composition.
  • a description on a process comprising certain steps also discloses a process consisting of these steps.
  • the process consisting of these steps may be advantageous in that it offers a simpler, more economical process.
  • the samples CEx 1 , CEx 2, and CEx 3 show samples which do contain units prepared from the ion pair compounds as shown in the present invention.
  • the storage modulus in relation to the temperature was measured by Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
  • DMA Dynamic mechanical analysis
  • TA Q800 DMA tensile mode on 13x11 mm pieces cut from 0.7 mm thick melt-pressed films.
  • Variable-temperature measurements were done at a heating rate 3 °C/min, with a preload force of 0.01 N, a strain of 0.05% and a frequency of 1 Hz.
  • the ethylene copolymers of Ex 1-7 demonstrated improved properties (combination of low conductivity, high storage modulus, and high molecular weight) over that of CEx 3 - also an ethylene based ionomeric material - rendering the ethylene copolymer of the present invention particularly suitable for DC power cable insulation properties.
  • CEx3 at high temperature of 150 °C, storage modulus of the Surlyn ionomer is low as compared to the copolymers prepared from Ex 1-7. This clearly shows that a DC power cable containing the ionomeric ethylene copolymer in accordance with the present invention, can impart the desired performance even over commercial ethylene based ionomeric material.
  • ethylene copolymers derived from ion pair compound of the type shown in the present invention can demonstrate the desired properties suitable for DC power cable. From CEx 1 , which is ordinary LDPE and CEx 2, based out of cross-linked ethylene polymers, the lower conductivity of the present ethylene copolymers make it better suited for DC power insulation application.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une isolation de câble d'alimentation en courant continu comprenant un copolymère d'éthylène (Z) obtenu par copolymérisation d'une composition comprenant de l'éthylène et un composé de type paire d'ions constitué d'un cation de formule (I) et d'un anion de formule (II), formule (I) dans laquelle R1 = H ou alkyle en C1-C10 ; X = O ou NH ; R2 = alkyle en C1-C40 ; R3, R4 = H ou alkyle en C1-C10 qui peut être relié par l'intermédiaire d'une structure cyclique, R5 = H ou C1-C20, formule (II) dans laquelle R6 = H ou alkyle en C1-C10, de préférence le copolymère d'éthylène (Z) étant obtenu par copolymérisation d'éthylène et du composé de type paire d'ions étant constitué d'un cation de formule (I) et d'un anion de formule (II).
EP23808789.4A 2022-11-23 2023-11-17 Isolation de câble d'alimentation en courant continu Pending EP4623014A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22209169 2022-11-23
PCT/EP2023/082185 WO2024110328A1 (fr) 2022-11-23 2023-11-17 Isolation de câble d'alimentation en courant continu

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4623014A1 true EP4623014A1 (fr) 2025-10-01

Family

ID=84535980

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23808789.4A Pending EP4623014A1 (fr) 2022-11-23 2023-11-17 Isolation de câble d'alimentation en courant continu

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4623014A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN120225575A (fr)
WO (1) WO2024110328A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3499791A (en) * 1965-06-10 1970-03-10 Du Pont Quaternary ammonium salt containing polyolefin covered electrical conductor
JP2604771B2 (ja) * 1988-01-13 1997-04-30 株式会社フジクラ 直流電力ケーブル
WO2011057927A1 (fr) 2009-11-11 2011-05-19 Borealis Ag Composition polymere et cable electrique comprenant la composition polymere
EP3261095B1 (fr) 2016-06-21 2026-02-11 Borealis GmbH Câble avec des propriétés électriques améliorées
KR102493694B1 (ko) * 2016-11-16 2023-02-01 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 유전정접과 부가 허용이 균형을 이룬 조성물
EP3797135B1 (fr) 2018-05-23 2025-02-19 Borealis AG Composition de polyoléfine réticulée comprenant un premier et un second polymère d'oléfine
CN114269797A (zh) 2019-07-18 2022-04-01 Sabic环球技术有限责任公司 乙烯和离子对化合物的共聚物

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2024110328A1 (fr) 2024-05-30
CN120225575A (zh) 2025-06-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1944327B1 (fr) Agent de réticulation
RU2614767C2 (ru) Полимерная композиция для электротехнических устройств
CN102099385B (zh) 一种聚合物的生产工艺以及用于电线电缆的聚合物
CN104507982B (zh) 基于乙烯的聚合物以及用于其的方法
JP6449651B2 (ja) 共重合体組成物およびその製造方法
JP2019007013A (ja) 架橋性ポリマー組成物、その作製方法、およびそれから作製される物品
SE507045C2 (sv) Etensampolymer med förhöjd omättnadsgrad och sätt för framställning därav
CN113563529A (zh) 一种硅烷改性的聚丙烯接枝物及其制备方法与应用
CN113571233B (zh) 一种具有改性聚丙烯绝缘层的热塑性电缆
JP2023523069A (ja) 無水物基含有ポリプロピレングラフトおよびポリプロピレングラフトの調製方法
US12269905B2 (en) Copolymer of ethylene and ion pair compound
WO2017102293A1 (fr) Nouveau procédé de production d'un copolymère d'éthylène polaire à indice de fusion bas
WO2024110328A1 (fr) Isolation de câble d'alimentation en courant continu
US10858462B2 (en) Ethylene copolymers and process for the production thereof
JP7227760B2 (ja) 正極用樹脂集電体
JPH0627144B2 (ja) エチレン共重合体
JPH0667985B2 (ja) 電力ケーブル用エチレン共重合体
KR20250150612A (ko) 절연층용 폴리에틸렌 조성물
CN101001893A (zh) 生产乙烯共聚体的方法和由此制备的共聚体；含有这样的共聚体的组合物和电装置
JPS6210113A (ja) エチレン共重合体及びその製造法
JPH0627151B2 (ja) 電気絶縁用エチレン共重合物架橋体
JPS6210118A (ja) エチレン共重合体及びその製造法
JPS6295303A (ja) 新規なエチレン共重合体
JPH0627150B2 (ja) 電気絶縁用エチレン共重合物架橋体
JPH0627146B2 (ja) エチレン共重合体

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20250617

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)