Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
  • E21D15/48—Chocks or the like
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
  • E21D15/02—Non-telescopic props
  • E21D15/04—Non-telescopic props with wooden prop parts joined by double conical connectors

Definitions

• a subject of the invention is a mining crib and a method for manufacturing a mining crib.
• the invention is applicable in the fields of underground mining, underground construction (e.g., tunnel construction), and specialized construction (e.g., bridge construction).
• a lattice crib where the distance between beams > 0
• the support system is mounted between the hanging wall and the passage. This system includes a spacer element, a filling element, and an inflatable bag filled with mortar, which, after setting, exerts a vertical force.
• the spacer element is much stiffer when compressed than the filling element, which deforms under compressive load applied by the hanging wall.
• the stiff spacer element lifts the deforming filling element to the appropriate working height without exceeding the allowable slenderness ratio of the compressed filling element.
• a mining crib consisting of longitudinal round beams arranged on top of each other in horizontal layers, where the beams of adjacent layers cross each other and rest in concave notches, creating a structure in the shape of a rectangular prism or a series of rectangular prisms, with each layer containing at least two beams.
• the notches are located only in the upper parts of the beams in each layer, except for the roof beams, which do not have notches.
• a mining crib which contains a set of longitudinal beams arranged on top of each other in layers, with each layer having the beams spaced apart and arranged parallel to each other, and arranged transversely to the beams in adjacent layers, crossing them at points located at a certain distance from their ends.
• Notches are formed in the upper and lower surfaces of the beams at the crossing points. These notches are interlocked and have a depth such that the middle part of the beam, located between the notches, and the end parts of the beam, located at its ends outside the notches, contact the corresponding parts of the beams in the layers above and below them.
• the crib forms a kind of box, with sides made of wooden beams arranged in a manner similar to a lattice crib, but at the contact points between the layers, notches are made with a length equal to the thickness of the beam and a depth equal to one-quarter of the height of the beam.
• This design results in full contact between all the beams forming the crib's wall, and additionally, the notches stabilize the individual walls of the crib in relation to each other.
• the crib may take the shape of a square or rectangle in plan. In the case of a rectangular crib, an additional transverse beam (wall) may be used inside the crib, as disclosed in patent document P.
• a mining crib for roof support consisting of transverse beams arranged in layers, one above the other, with notches at the contact points between the beams, each notch having a length at least equal to the width of the beams.
• a longitudinal wall may be introduced, for example such wall, as disclosed in utility model RU.070918 , which relates to a mining crib for roof support, consisting of transverse beams arranged in layers, one above the other, where the crossing beams in adjacent layers at the contact points have notches with a length at least equal to the width of the beams.
• the interior of the crib can be filled with various materials, such as waste rock or binding mixtures, as disclosed, for example, in patent document P. 224768 .
• This document concerns a mining support pillar containing longitudinal and transverse layers. Each layer contains a pair of outer parallel beams. The longitudinal layers define the two longitudinal walls of the pillar. The transverse layers are arranged alternately with the longitudinal layers, so the outer beams of the transverse layers cross with the adjacent outer beams of the longitudinal layers at four crossing points and are interlocked with them via notches formed in the upper and lower surfaces of the outer beams. The transverse layers also contain a pair of internal beams that define the two internal walls of the pillar. The space defined by the internal walls of the pillar and the longitudinal walls of the pillar is filled with a self-hardening mixture.
• the underlying problem of the invention was to propose a mining crib that could reliably provide continuous roof support along the protected excavation, much like, for example, a backfill protective strip, and to propose a method for producing such a mining crib.
• This problem was solved using a mining crib and a method for producing such a mining crib according to the invention.
• the undeniable advantage of the solution is achieving a support in a continuous form in practically unlimited length. It is a solution that is competitive in relation to the previously used point-supported cribs.
• the construction of the continuous crib involves forming separate spaces within the crib, allowing these spaces to be filled, if necessary, with waste rock, binding mineral mixtures, or similar materials. This, in turn, increases the contact surface between the base and the supported element, for example, between the floor and the roof of a mining excavation.
• FIG. 1 showing a schematic top view of the continuous mining crib in a straight line arrangement
• Fig. 2a shows a schematic top view of the continuous mining crib in a two-armed bent arrangement
• Fig. 2b shows a schematic top view of the continuous mining crib in a three-arm bent arrangement
• Fig. 2c shows a schematic top view of the continuous mining crib in a cross arrangement
• Fig. 3 shows in a perspective view selected sections of the front crib, the connector made from the A-type beams (beams with tenons at both ends), and the pass-through crib in a straight-line arrangement
• Fig. 1 showing a schematic top view of the continuous mining crib in a straight line arrangement
• Fig. 2a shows a schematic top view of the continuous mining crib in a two-armed bent arrangement
• Fig. 2b shows a schematic top view of the continuous mining crib in a three-arm bent arrangement
• Fig. 2c shows a schematic top view of the continuous mining crib in a cross arrangement
• Fig. 3
• continuous mining crib in a rectilinear arrangement has at both ends front crib 1. Both front cribs 1 at the side opposite from the end of the continuous mining crib are connected with connectors 2, which at the opposite side to the front crib 1 are connected with the rectilinear pass-through cribs 3 such that on the entire length of the continuous rectilinear mining crib between the pass-through linear cribs 3 connectors 2 are located.
• the continuous rectilinear mining crib consists of two front cribs 1 and one connector 2.
• the length of the continuous rectilinear mining crib is practically unlimited, as it depends only on the number of installed connectors 2 and linear pass-through cribs 3, with the requirement that there must be a front crib 1 at both ends of the continuous rectilinear mining crib, and the number of connectors 2 must always be one greater than the number of installed rectilinear pass-through cribs 3.
• a two-armed bent continuous mining crib consisting of two mutually perpendicular continuous rectilinear cribs with a common connection in the form of an angular pass-through crib 4.
• the two-armed bent continuous mining crib has a front crib 1 at the ends of each arm.
• the front cribs 1 on the side opposite to the end of the two-armed bent continuous mining crib are connected to connectors 2, which in turn are connected to linear pass-through cribs 3 on the side opposite to the front crib 1, such that along the entire length of the two-armed bent continuous mining crib, connectors 2 are placed between the pass-through cribs 3.
• At the point of the crib's bend, i.e. the connection of the arms of the continuous mining crib there is an angular pass-through crib 4 constructed of two mutually perpendicular solid walls 5 and two mutually perpendicular pass-through walls 6.
• the two-armed bent continuous mining crib consists of two front cribs 1, two connectors 2, and the angular pass-through crib 4.
• the length of each arm of the two-armed bent continuous mining crib is practically unlimited, as it depends only on the number of installed connectors 2 and the rectilinear pass-through cribs 3, with the requirement that there must be a front crib 1 at each end of the arms of the two-armed bent continuous mining crib, and in each arm, the number of connectors 2 must always be one greater than the number of installed rectilinear pass-through cribs 3.
• a three-armed bent continuous mining crib consisting of two mutually perpendicular continuous rectilinear cribs with a common connection in the form of an angular pass-through crib 4.
• the three-armed bent continuous mining crib has a front crib 1 at the ends of each arm. All the front cribs 1 on the side opposite to the end of each arm of the continuous bent mining crib are connected to connectors 2, which in turn are connected to rectilinear pass-through cribs 3 on the side opposite to the front crib 1, such that along the entire length of the three-armed bent continuous mining crib, connectors 2 are placed between the rectilinear pass-through cribs 3.
• an angular pass-through crib 4 consisting of one solid wall 5 and three pass-through walls 6.
• the three-armed bent continuous mining crib consists of three front cribs 1, three connectors 2, and an angular pass-through crib 4.
• the length of the arms of the three-armed bent continuous mining crib is practically unlimited, as it depends only on the number of installed connectors 2 and the rectilinear pass-through cribs 3, with the requirement that at each end of the arms of the three-armed bent continuous mining crib, a front crib 1 must be installed, and the number of connectors 2 must always be one greater than the number of installed rectilinear pass-through cribs 3.
• a cross-shaped continuous mining crib which consists of two mutually perpendicular continuous rectilinear cribs with a common connection in the form of an angular pass-through crib 4.
• the cross-shaped continuous mining crib has a front crib 1 at the ends of each arm. All the front cribs 1 on the side opposite to the end of each arm of the continuous mining crib are connected to connectors 2, which in turn are connected to rectilinear pass-through cribs 3 on the side opposite to the front crib 1, such that along the entire length of the cross-shaped continuous mining crib, connectors 2 are placed between the rectilinear pass-through cribs 3.
• an angular pass-through crib 4 constructed of four pass-through walls 6.
• the cross-shaped continuous mining crib consists of four front cribs 1, four connectors 2, and an angular pass-through crib 4.
• the length of the arms of the cross-shaped continuous mining crib is practically unlimited, as it depends only on the number of installed connectors 2 and rectilinear pass-through cribs 3, with the requirement that at each end of the arms of the continuous mining crib, a front crib 1 must be installed, and the number of connectors 2 must always be one greater than the number of installed rectilinear pass-through cribs 3.
• FIG. 3 a fragment of a continuous rectilinear crib is shown.
• Front crib 1, connector 2, and rectilinear pass-through crib 3 are shown here in more detail. It can be seen that front crib 1 and rectilinear pass-through crib 3 are box-shaped.
• Front crib 1 is constructed from three solid walls 5 and one pass-through wall 6.
• the solid wall 5, perpendicular to the connector 2 is built in the first layer from one base half beam 9, and in the subsequent layers from stacked one on top of the other base beams 8, with notches at the point of contact at least as long as the width of the beams, allowing base beams 8 forming a solid wall 5 parallel to connector 2 to be fitted into these notches.
• the pass-through walls 6, perpendicular to the connector 2 are built in the first layer from one pass-through half beam 11, and in the subsequent layers from stacked one on top of the other pass-through beams 10, with notches at the point of contact of such length that in the mortise formed by the notch, a base beam 8 forming a solid wall 5 perpendicular to the pass-through wall 6 and the end of the A-type beams 12 of the connector, forming the pass-through wall 7, can be inserted.
• a fragment of a continuous rectilinear crib is shown.
• This crib differs from the crib shown in Fig. 3 in that instead of A-type beams 12 of the connector, B-type beams 14 of the connector are used, such that the end of the B-type beam 14 of the connector, in the form of a notch similar to the notches in the base beam 8, is fitted into the mortise formed by the notch in the pass-through beams 10 and the pass-through half beam 11, in which the base beam 8, forming the solid wall 5 perpendicular to the pass-through wall 6, and the end of B-type beams 14 of the connector, forming the pass-through wall 7 of the connector, are also placed.
• a stiffer connection between the pass-through wall 6 and the wall 7 of the connector is obtained.
• FIG. 4 a fragment of the continuous bend crib is shown.
• Front crib 1, connector 2, and angular pass-through crib 4 are shown here in more detail. It can be seen that the front crib 1 and the angular pass-through crib 4 are box-shaped.
• the front crib 1 is built from three solid walls 5 and one pass-through wall 6.
• the solid wall 5, perpendicular to the connector 2 is built in the first layer from one base half beam 9, and in the following layers from stacked one on top of the other base beams 8, with notches at the point of contact at least as long as the width of the beams, allowing the base beams 8 forming a solid wall 5 parallel to the connector 2 to be fitted into these notches.
• the pass-through wall 6 of the front crib 1 and the pass-through crib 3, facing the connector 2 is built in the first layer from one pass-through half beam 11, and in the following layers from stacked one on top of the other pass-through beams 10 with notches at the point of contact of such length that in the mortise formed by the notch, a base beam 8, forming a solid wall 5 perpendicular to the pass-through wall 6 and an end of the A-type beams 12 of the connector, forming the pass-through wall 7, can be inserted.
• the angular pass-through crib 4 consists of two mutually perpendicular solid walls 5 and two mutually perpendicular pass-through walls 6. The pass-through walls 6 allow the insertion of beams forming the walls 7 of the connector 2.
• FIG. 4a a fragment of the continuous bend crib is shown.
• This crib differs from the crib shown in Fig. 4 in that instead of A-type beams 12 of the connector and A-type half beams 13 of the connector, B-type beams 14 of the connector and B-type half beams 15 of the connector are used. As a result, a stiffer connection between the pass-through wall 6 and the wall 7 of the connector is achieved.
• the base beam 8 is shown.
• This beam has length l , width b, and height h.
• recesses forming notches are located with a length equal to at least the width b of the beam and a depth equal to at least one-quarter of the height h of the beam.
• the base half beam 9 is shown.
• This beam has length l , width b, and height equal to half the height h of the base beam 8.
• recesses forming notches are located with a length equal to at least the width b of the beam and a depth equal to at least one-quarter of the height h of the base beam 8.
• the pass-through half beam 11 is shown.
• This beam has length l , width b, and height approximately equal to half the height h of the pass-through beam 10.
• recesses forming notches are located with a length equal to at least double the width b of the beam and a depth equal to at least one-quarter of the height h of the pass-through beam 10.
• the A-type half beam 13 of the connector is shown.
• This beam has length l , width b, and height approximately equal to half the height h of the A-type beam 12 of the connector.
• the beam has recesses with a depth equal to at least one-quarter of the height h of the A-type beam 12 of the connector, extending from the very end of the beam over a length equal to at least the width b of the beam.
• the height of this beam is reduced to at most one-quarter of the height h of the A-type beam 12 of the connector over a length equal to at least the width b of the beam.
• recesses forming notches are located with a length equal to at least the width b of the beam and a depth equal to at least one-quarter of the height h of the beam.
• the B-type half beam 15 of the connector is shown.
• This beam has length l , width b, and height approximately equal to half the height h of the B-type beam 14 of the connector.
• the beam At its one end, on its upper surface, the beam has recesses with a depth equal to at least one-quarter of the height h of the B-type beam 14 of the connector, extending from the very end of the beam over a length equal to at least the width b of the beam.
• the height of the beam is reduced to at most one-quarter of the height h of the B-type beam 14 of the connector over a length equal to at least the width b of the beam.
• the method of manufacturing of rectilinear continuous mining crib consists of performing the following sequence of steps: First, the front crib 1 is constructed. For the construction of the solid wall 5 of the front crib 1, perpendicular to the length of the crib, in the first layer a base half beam 9 should be used, while in subsequent layers base beams 8 should be used. For the construction of the solid walls 5 of the front crib 1 parallel to the length of the crib, base beams 8 should be used. For the construction of the pass-through wall 6 of the front crib 1, in the first layer a pass-through half beam 11 should be used, and in subsequent layers pass-through beams 10 should be used. The beams for the solid walls 5 and the pass-through wall 6 are arranged alternately in layers according to the scheme in Fig. 3 .
• the construction of the rectilinear pass-through crib 3 can begin.
• the rectilinear pass-through crib 3 from the side of the connector 2, i.e. its pass-through walls 6, is built in the first layer from pass-through half beams 11, and then from pass-through beams 10.
• the solid walls 5 of the pass-through crib 3 are constructed from base beams 8.
• the beams of the pass-through walls 6 should be arranged in layers alternately with the beams of the solid walls 5 according to the scheme in Fig. 3 . Care should be taken to ensure that the tenons of A-type beams 12 of the connector or B-type beams 14 of the connector forming the walls 7 of the connector 2 are positioned along the entire length in the mortises formed from the notches made in the pass-through beams 10 and 11 forming the pass-through wall 5 of the pass-through crib 3.
• the construction of the rectilinear pass-through crib 3 should continue until it becomes impossible to insert the next base beam 8 or pass-through beam 10 due to the small distance from the ceiling.
• the wall of the rectilinear pass-through crib 3 should be finished with the appropriate half beam 9 or 11.
• the rectilinear pass-through crib 3 consisting of two parallel solid walls 5 and pass-through walls 6, should be modified.
• the construction of the angular pass-through crib 4 involves forming a crib from two mutually perpendicular solid walls 5 and pass-through walls 6, as shown in Fig. 4 .
• the angular pass-through crib 4 enables the connection of two above described continuous rectilinear cribs at a right angle, thereby replacing the front crib for both continuous rectilinear cribs.
• the angular pass-through crib can be constructed from three pass-through walls 6 and one solid wall 5, as shown in Fig. 2b . In this case, for one continuous rectilinear crib, it will serve as the pass-through crib 3, while for the other continuous rectilinear crib, it will serve as the front crib.
• the crib elements be made of wood of at least class IV according to the Janka classification (e.g., beech, oak, ash, hornbeam). Using wood of a lower class will result in reduced load-bearing capacity of the crib.
• class IV e.g., beech, oak, ash, hornbeam
• all beams are made of beech wood.
• the base beam 8 is 140 cm in length, 10 cm in width and 20 cm in height.
• the recess with minimum length of 10 cm and minimal depth of 5 cm is placed both at the bottom and top surface of beam 8 at its both ends, in distance of 10 cm from the given end of said beam.
• the pass-through beam 10 is 140 cm in length, 10 cm in width and 20 cm in height.
• the recess with minimum length of 20 cm and minimal depth of 5 cm is placed both at the bottom and top surface of beam 10 at its both ends, in distance of 10 cm from the given end of said beam.
• the B-type beam 14 of the connector is 130 cm in length, 10 cm in width and 20 cm in height.
• the beam has notches of minimal depth equal to 5 cm, that run from the very end of the beam through a minimal length of 10 cm, as a result, at this end, the height of the beam is reduced to a maximum of 10 cm at the minimum length of 10 cm.
• recesses forming notches are located with a minimum length of 10 cm and a minimum depth of 5 cm.

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• 2024
  • 2024-04-05 PL PL448202A patent/PL448202A1/pl unknown
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