Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
  • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/392—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases with means for neutralising or absorbing electrolyte; with means for preventing leakage of electrolyte through vent holes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
  • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
  • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
  • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
  • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of energy storage means or systems (also called ESS, or Energy Storage Systems), these storage means implementing electrochemical type solutions, in particular of the type which make it possible to be recharged and discharged on demand in order to be able to transform electrical energy into chemical potential and vice versa.
• energy storage means or systems also called ESS, or Energy Storage Systems
• electrochemical type solutions in particular of the type which make it possible to be recharged and discharged on demand in order to be able to transform electrical energy into chemical potential and vice versa.
• the invention relates for example to batteries, in particular lithium-ion batteries which consist of a sealed envelope comprising a set of unit cells and most of the time electronic and power components for their interconnection and control.
• batteries in particular lithium-ion batteries which consist of a sealed envelope comprising a set of unit cells and most of the time electronic and power components for their interconnection and control.
• ESS can be used in the context of energy storage in stationary form, for example energy storage containers or in the context of the transport of goods and/or materials and/or people (notably in new solutions of mobilities, for example electric vehicles (automobiles, bicycles, motorcycles, scooters) or hybrids; the invention therefore finds application in particular in the field of transport and mobility in general. It also finds application in storage systems of several megawatt hours. of capacity.
• Energy storage means can be produced by a set of unit cells, for example of the lithium-ion type. Cells can be electrically interconnected to create battery architectures that achieve the desired voltage and capacity.
• thermal runaway and/or combustion and/or overpressure may occur inside this type of device; it is then necessary to evacuate the gases which may be hot and/or under high pressure and/or dangerous.
• overpressures can for example lead to a bursting of the envelope which contains cells or energy storage means, for example a battery pack.
• the external environment can be the ambient atmosphere, that is to say an infinite volume having a variable pressure and a variable temperature as well, the weather conditions and the altitude acting on this pressure and this temperature.
• the external environment is not necessarily the ambient atmosphere and may not be suitable for receiving possible gases resulting from one of the incidents mentioned above.
• Such an immediate environment is for example the interior of a home or a vehicle for transporting people and/or goods/or products; we then seek to avoid releasing gases into the volumes which contain these people and/or these goods and/or these products.
• the problem therefore arises of finding a new system or device making it possible to better manage the atmosphere in the cells, more generally the means of storing energy, and the volume in which these cells are arranged.
• the means of electrochemical storage for example fuel cells, are impervious to water and dust, but we seek to ensure that they can exchange a certain quantity of air or gas with the environment. ambient, and this in both directions, in order to balance the pressure between the interior of the storage means, or the envelope which contains them, and the ambient environment. This would make it possible to reduce the constraints on the envelope which contains these storage means, to facilitate transport and to ensure optimal use whatever the external conditions (temperature and pressure).
• the invention relates in particular to an energy storage device in electrochemical form, for example a battery, for example also a lithium-ion battery, or a method of operating such a device, comprising:
• first envelope or enclosure containing one or more energy storage elements, for example one or more battery packs, this first envelope or enclosure comprising at least a first element (or first means), for example a first st valve, of respiration (or element or means of respiration);
• 2nd envelope or enclosure in fluid communication with the 1st envelope or enclosure, at least one of the 2 envelopes or enclosures comprising or being provided with at least a 2nd element (or 2nd means), for example a 2nd valve, evacuation (or element or means of evacuation).
• a 2nd element or 2nd means
• evacuation or element or means of evacuation
• the 2nd element or the 2nd means
• the evacuation element or means allows for example to evacuate at least part of a fluid, for example a gas, contained in the 1st envelope or enclosure towards the 2nd envelope or enclosure (which can then store the evacuated fluid), or towards the external atmosphere (for example if the 1st envelope or enclosure is contained in a 2nd envelope or enclosure towards which it is not possible to evacuate the fluid or gas).
• a fluid for example a gas
• the 2nd envelope or enclosure which can then store the evacuated fluid
• the external atmosphere for example if the 1st envelope or enclosure is contained in a 2nd envelope or enclosure towards which it is not possible to evacuate the fluid or gas.
• the fluid can be, for example, air, or another gas, or a mixture of steam and combustion gas, or a liquid (e.g. an electrolyte) mixed with a gas.
• the 2nd element, or 2nd means comprise(s) for example a valve or a valve or a cover, for example which degrades or is perforated, for example under the action of the atmosphere contained in the 1st envelope: it allows an escape of fluid from the interior of this element, or the volume which is provided with it, towards the exterior of this element or this same volume, only in this direction.
• a valve the opening of the valve, which leads to an exhaust, can be reversible; on the other hand, in the case of a valve or cover which deteriorates or is perforated, the opening which leads to an escape is generally irreversible.
• the 2nd element allows an evacuation or an exhaust when at least one thermodynamic parameter of the interior atmosphere the envelope which is provided with it and/or the difference of a thermodynamic parameter between the interior atmosphere this envelope which is provided and the external atmosphere, and/or a variation of this thermodynamic parameter, is greater than at least one limit or threshold value; said at least one thermodynamic parameter, and/or its difference between the interior atmosphere and the exterior atmosphere, and/or its variation, comprises for example at least the pressure and/or the temperature, and/or the difference in pressure and/or the temperature between the interior atmosphere and the exterior atmosphere and/or a variation in pressure and/or temperature of the interior atmosphere and/or the exterior atmosphere; and/or an evacuation can also be carried out when the voltage of one or more energy storage elements, for example at the terminals of this or these energy storage elements and/or a voltage supplied by it or by these is lower or higher than a limit value or a threshold.
• the 2nd envelope or enclosure may be intended to receive and store the gas which escapes, or which is evacuated, from the 1st envelope or enclosure via the 2nd element, or the 2nd means.
• the 2nd envelope or enclosure In a device or method according to the invention, the 2nd envelope or enclosure:
• - can be placed at a distance from the envelope or enclosure; - and/or can be in fluid communication with the first envelope or enclosure by means, for example at least one conduit or tube or channel, these means being preferably flexible or flexible, to circulate or guide or conduct a fluid, for example a gas, from the 1st envelope to the 2nd envelope or enclosure.
• the 2nd element, or the 2nd means may possibly be mounted or arranged at the inlet (or upstream), and/or in, or at the outlet (or downstream) of the means for circulate or guide or conduct a fluid from the 1st envelope to the 2nd envelope or enclosure
• a wall is common to the 2 enclosures and the 2nd element, or the 2nd means, is/are arranged or mounted so that gas contained in the 1st envelope or enclosure can escape. escape, or be evacuated, from the 1st envelope or enclosure towards the 2nd envelope or enclosure; for example: the 2nd element, or the 2nd means, is/are for example arranged or mounted in a wall, at the interface of, or common to, the 2 speakers.
• the 1st envelope or enclosure can be contained in the 2nd envelope or enclosure, or in a 3rd envelope or enclosure, different from the 2nd envelope or enclosure.
• the 3rd enclosure can be in fluid communication with the 1st enclosure, for example via the 1st element, for example a 1st valve, breathing then taking place between the atmosphere inside the 1st enclosure. or enclosure and the 3rd envelope or enclosure and possibly the exhaust taking place towards the 2nd envelope or enclosure.
• the 2nd enclosure or the 3rd enclosure can:
• - have a volume equal, for example, to at least 2 times or at least 5 times, or at least 10 times the interior volume of the first envelope or enclosure;
• At least three volumes can be defined:
• a volume of the 2nd enclosure or the 3rd enclosure equal to at least 2 times or at least 5 times, or at least 10 times the interior volume of the 1st envelope or enclosure makes it possible to recover combustion gases from the battery (or more generally from the energy storage device in electrochemical form) which come from the first envelope or enclosure, which are hot and which will be able to cool in a larger volume .
• the 2nd envelope or enclosure can be entirely separated from the 1st envelope, or have a common wall with it (see example above) or entirely contain the 1st envelope or enclosure: in the latter case, a gas or an atmosphere can circulate from the 1st envelope or enclosure to the 2nd envelope or enclosure (and vice versa) via the 1st element or the 1st valve; possibly, it can, according to certain embodiments, also escape from, or towards, the 2nd envelope or enclosure via the 2nd element, or the 2nd exhaust means: in one case, this is the fluid, for example a gas, contained in the 1st envelope or enclosure which can escape towards the 2nd envelope or enclosure; in another case, it is the fluid or gas contained in the 2nd envelope or enclosure which can escape.
• the first envelope or enclosure which contains or is capable of containing one or more energy storage elements, is preferably waterproof, in particular against water and/or dust, except where the element or elements are placed. (for example the valve(s)) of breathing and/or exhaust.
• the breathing element makes it possible to avoid constraints on the enclosure containing one or more energy storage elements, constraints linked for example to the pressure difference between the internal volume (containing the energy storage element(s)) and the external environment; thus, the pressure is balanced between the internal volume and the external environment by passing a proportion of air in one direction or the other through the 1st element, for example a valve or a breathing membrane, or a filter or felt or foam.
• a device comprises, or a method according to the invention implements, a plurality of energy storage elements, each element forming a first enclosure and being arranged in a module separate from each neighboring modules by a wall, which can be waterproof, the 2nd enclosure comprising an evacuation element, for example a valve, for each of said modules.
• At least one element can also be an element, for example a breathing valve.
• this evacuation and breathing element, or this valve comprises a first and a second passage for a fluid entering or leaving the enclosure provided with said element, and:
• Such an element for example such an evacuation and breathing valve, may include one or more of the following characteristics:
• an elastic element preferably a spring, configured to exert pressure on the piston to close the first passage
• the membrane has air permeability allowing, under a pressure difference of Ap 70 mbar, between 1 and 500 liters of air per hour and per cm 2 of membrane surface;
• the activation means allow, in said first position, circulation between the interior atmosphere and the atmosphere exterior to the breathing element, when at least one thermodynamic parameter of the interior atmosphere or the difference of a thermodynamic parameter between the interior atmosphere and the exterior atmosphere, or a variation of this thermodynamic parameter, is less than a limit value and closing, in said second position, said circulation, for example when said thermodynamic parameter , or its difference between the indoor atmosphere and the outdoor atmosphere, or its variation, is greater than the limit value.
• thermodynamic parameter for example the pressure and/or the temperature of the interior atmosphere and/or the exterior atmosphere is greater than a limit value or when the difference in temperature and/or pressure between the interior atmosphere and the exterior atmosphere is greater than a limit value;
• - and/or they include an axis which penetrates into a central extension of the membrane support.
• Such an element, or such a valve may include means for constraining the means forming a valve in the open position, for example up to a limit value of a thermodynamic parameter of the atmosphere, these means comprising for example a supporting spring on the one hand against the means forming a valve and on the other against the membrane support.
• At least one element for example an evacuation valve, or at least one element, for example a breathing valve, comprising means, for example a piston, forming a valve for opening and closing this element
• activation means comprising an actuator and movement means, for example mechanical means and/or electro-magnetic means for driving said valve, or a member for opening or closing said element (for example example the means forming a valve mentioned above for an evacuation and breathing element for example, the means forming an actuator actuate a rod or a bar mechanically linked to the means forming a valve, for example to the piston or to the rod which extends it; );
• - and/or a device according to the invention comprises, or a method according to the invention implements, at least one pressure and/or temperature and/or voltage sensor to measure: * at least one pressure and/or temperature inside and/or outside at least one element, for example a breathing or exhaust element or an enclosure (for example the 1st and/or the 2nd enclosure and/or the 3rd enclosure of a device according to the invention) and/or the voltage of one or more energy storage elements, for example at the terminals of this or these energy storage elements and/or a supplied voltage by this one or by these,
• at least one pressure and/or temperature and/or voltage sensor to measure: * at least one pressure and/or temperature inside and/or outside at least one element, for example a breathing or exhaust element or an enclosure (for example the 1st and/or the 2nd enclosure and/or the 3rd enclosure of a device according to the invention) and/or the voltage of one or more energy storage elements, for example at the terminals of this or these energy storage elements and/or a supplied voltage
• At least one pressure sensor and/or at least one temperature sensor is provided inside the element, for example the valve, or the enclosure, and/or at least one temperature sensor.
• pressure and/or at least one temperature sensor is provided outside the element, for example the valve, or the enclosure, and/or at least one voltage sensor is provided and/or a method according to The invention uses one or more of said sensors.
• At least one element, evacuation or breathing can be associated with, or provided with at least, one filter.
• At least one such filter can be arranged:
• the invention also has as its object or implements at least one breathing or evacuation element, for example for an enclosure of a device for storing energy in electrochemical form, for example example a battery, for example again a lithium-ion battery; this element is for example at least one breathing or evacuation element as described above or in the remainder of this application.
• a breathing or evacuation element can be associated with, or provided with at least, one filter.
• Such a filter can be arranged:
• a device or method according to the invention may also comprise or implement means for detecting a failure in one or more of the energy storage device.
• a failure may consist of the detection of an abnormal temperature and/or pressure within the device and/or a voltage of the device or of the energy storage enclosure or of a or several energy storage elements that it or it contains, and/or in the detection of an abnormal variation of one of these parameters.
• These means may include one or more temperature and/or pressure and/or voltage sensors, for example as already explained above.
• Means for example a computer or a processor, can be programmed to emit a fault signal and/or to close or open one or more breathing or evacuation elements, depending on the signals provided by the means of detection.
• the invention also relates to a vehicle, comprising a passenger compartment and/or a storage area, an engine, and at least one energy storage device according to the invention, as described above or in the remainder of the present requires at least one evacuation element, for example an evacuation valve, allowing the gas to escape outside the passenger compartment and/or the storage area.
• at least one element for example a breathing valve
• at least one element for example a valve, for evacuation or exhaust allows an evacuation or exhaust of the gas outside the passenger compartment and/or the storage area.
• Such a vehicle is for example: - of the type for transporting people and/or goods;
• motor vehicle and/or construction vehicles for example of the excavator or backhoe type, or of the aircraft type or of the space type, or of the type used in the maritime sector, for example boat or vessel or craft or submarine, of the type used in the railway sector, for example locomotive or wagon.
• the invention also relates to an energy production and storage system, comprising means for generating or transforming energy, for example photovoltaic energy (or resulting from other means of energy production (of the energy type called "renewable” and/or intermittent), for example of wind or micro-hydraulic origin, or electrical energy resulting from transformation by an industrial process - for example a co-generation type process), and a storage device according to the invention, as described above or in the remainder of this application, making it possible to store the energy produced by said means.
• means for generating or transforming energy for example photovoltaic energy (or resulting from other means of energy production (of the energy type called "renewable” and/or intermittent), for example of wind or micro-hydraulic origin, or electrical energy resulting from transformation by an industrial process - for example a co-generation type process)
• a storage device as described above or in the remainder of this application, making it possible to store the energy produced by said means.
• the invention also relates to a method of operating an energy storage device in electrochemical form, for example a device according to the invention, or a device comprising:
• At least one first enclosure containing one or more energy storage elements, for example one or more battery packs;
• a fluid for example a gas
• a first element for example a first valve, called a breathing valve
• At least part of the fluid contained, respectively in the 1st enclosure or 2nd enclosure is evacuated, respectively towards the 2nd enclosure or towards the outside thereof, by a 2nd element, for example a 2nd valve , called evacuation, for example when exceeding a threshold for at least one thermodynamic parameter, for example pressure and/or temperature, in said first enclosure.
• a 2nd element for example a 2nd valve
• evacuation for example when exceeding a threshold for at least one thermodynamic parameter, for example pressure and/or temperature, in said first enclosure.
• the fluid for example a gas, evacuated towards the 2nd enclosure can remain stored therein.
• the fluid can be for example air, or another gas, or a mixture of steam and combustion gas, or a liquid (e.g. an electrolyte) mixed with a gas.
• At least one sensor as described above can be implemented with a method according to the invention, possibly making it possible to activate an actuator of one or more breathing and/or evacuation elements, for example one or more valves, and/or an organ thereof.
• FIG IA represents a first embodiment of a device according to the invention
• FIG IB represents a 2nd embodiment of a device according to the invention.
• FIG 2 represents a 3rd embodiment of a device according to the invention
• FIG 3 represents a 4th embodiment of a device according to the invention.
• FIG 4 represents a 5th embodiment of a device according to the invention.
• FIG 8], [FIG 9], [FIG 10A], [FIG 10B], [FIG 11A], [FIG 11B], [FIG 11C] and [FIG 11D] represent an exhaust valve with closing valve, which can be implemented in a device according to the invention
• FIG 12A] and [FIG 12B] represent an exhaust valve combined with a filter and a breathing valve combined with a filter, which can be implemented in a device according to the invention
• Figure IA represents a first embodiment of a system 10 according to the invention or which can be implemented in the case of a method according to the invention.
• a 2nd envelope or enclosure 13 is, in this example, physically separated from the 1st enclosure 11, to which it is connected by an element or means 14 such as a conduit or a tube or a channel 14, for example soft or flexible; in this case, the 2 speakers can be located at a distance from each other. A gas or an atmosphere can circulate between these 2 enclosures through this element 14.
• the first enclosure 11 is provided with an element, for example an exhaust or discharge or evacuation valve 15, which allows air or atmosphere to escape from this first enclosure 11 towards the 2nd enclosure 13.
• an element for example an exhaust or discharge or evacuation valve 15, which allows air or atmosphere to escape from this first enclosure 11 towards the 2nd enclosure 13.
• an exhaust or discharge or evacuation valve 15 which allows air or atmosphere to escape from this first enclosure 11 towards the 2nd enclosure 13.
• a 2nd evacuation element of another type for example a valve or cover, for example which degrades or is perforated, under the action of the atmosphere contained in the first envelope.
• gases under overpressure and/or overheating escape through this valve 15.
• Overpressure and/or overheating in this first enclosure may be due in particular to overpressure and/or overheating, for example due to thermal runaway of the battery(ies).
• the first enclosure can be contained in a 3rd enclosure or enclosure 16, for example of the type in which gases under excess pressure and/or overheating in the first enclosure cannot be evacuated: this is in particular the case if this enclosure 16 contains, or is intended to contain, passengers, and/or equipment and/or products and/or goods which cannot be in contact with said gases under excess pressure and/or overheating in the first envelope.
• pressure and/or temperature balancing (this is the breathing function) can be achieved with the atmosphere contained in this enclosure 16.
• the latter is for example a vehicle passenger compartment, or the interior of a vehicle. a train car, or an airplane cabin or a hold, or the interior of a submarine or even the interior of a space station.
• the conduit 14 passes through a wall 17 of this 3rd envelope 16 to conduct the gases towards the 2nd envelope, from where they are evacuated by the valve. evacuation 15, as soon as they have a pressure and/or a temperature which exceeds a certain threshold.
• Figure IB represents a 2nd embodiment of a system 20 according to the invention.
• the references designate elements identical to Figures IA. In fact, this figure is identical to that of Figure IA, but the gas contained in the first enclosure is evacuated to the exterior atmosphere and is not stored in an enclosure.
• Enclosure 16 can be considered as the 2nd enclosure: enclosure 11 exchanges gas with volume 140 (breathing), but at least part of its gas can be evacuated by means 14, 15.
• the valve 15 can be arranged in various locations of the means 14, for example at the inlet, or inside or at the outlet of these means 14.
• valve 12 is provided with actuation means comprising for example a member 292 which, in cooperation with an actuator 290, for example an electric motor, allows, by intermediate a transmission member 291, to actuate the valve (or a member thereof), opening or closing or in one direction or the other, for example along an axis AA'.
• the member 292 comprises for example a rod or a bar, part of which is furnished with notches or teeth, thus forming a rack, which can be driven in movement by the member 291, which includes for example a toothed wheel.
• Other examples drive means can be implemented, for example electromagnetic drive means, as described below.
• the valve(s) 15 may itself be provided with such a system or one of its variants.
• the different valves described in the context of the different examples below can also be fitted with such an opening/closing actuation system.
• Figure 2 represents a 3rd embodiment of a system 20 according to the invention or which can be implemented in the case of a method according to the invention.
• the 2nd envelope or enclosure 13 is, here again, physically separated from the 1st envelope or enclosure 11, they both have in common a wall 21, which can be provided with an evacuation element 15, for example a valve, through which the gases can be evacuated from the 1st envelope 11 to the 2nd envelope 13.
• the wall 21 can be sealed between the 1st envelope or enclosure 11 and the 2nd envelope; it can be planned to have an increased structural capacity, for example so that pressure balancing is not necessary through this wall; alternatively, this wall can be porous.
• an element 14 such as a conduit or a tube or a channel, for example flexible or flexible, can pass through the wall 21 and bring the gas evacuated into the 2nd envelope 13, the element of evacuation 15 can be arranged in various locations of the means 14, for example at the inlet, or inside or at the outlet of these means 14.
• Figure 3 represents a 4th embodiment of a system 30 according to the invention or which can be implemented in the case of a method according to the invention.
• the first envelope 11 is entirely contained in a second envelope 13. But the first envelope 11 is provided with one or more evacuation valve(s) 15 and at least one breathing valve 12; the breathing valve(s) is/are:
• the evacuation valve(s) 15 are normally closed and breathing is carried out by the valves 12, for example with the volume 140 outside the envelope 13.
• the evacuation valve(s) 15 is/are open (and evacuation takes place towards the volume 140), at least one valve 12 can either be opened following destruction of a membrane, or for example be closed, for example by mechanical means such as 'A piston.
• Figure 4 represents a 5th embodiment of a system 40 according to the invention or which can be implemented in the case of a method according to the invention.
• each module or section forming a first enclosure 11 which is provided with at least one breathing valve 12 (for breathing with the external volume 140) and is separated from each neighboring module by a sealed wall lli d a 2nd enclosure 13.
• This 2nd enclosure is provided with at least one evacuation valve(s) 15 for each 1st enclosure.
• This architecture can be modulated as desired, by adding or removing modules, thus making it possible to design a modular battery, each module being provided with a breathing valve 12, a corresponding exhaust valve 15 being provided in the 2nd enclosure 13.
• the breathing element 12 can be open or closed, while the evacuation element 15 will be open, evacuation taking place towards the external atmosphere 140.
• breathing valves or valves and exhaust valves or valves which can be implemented in the context of the present invention are described below.
• a breathing valve or valve 12a comprises for example ( Figure 5) a body 72, for example substantially cylindrical (but other shapes are possible) in which is positioned a support 74 of membrane 75, which for example rests against a lip 73.
• This support 74 is mainly planar, provided with perforated zones which will allow the circulation of an atmosphere between the interior volume 130 and the exterior volume 140 of the valve, and therefore of the enclosure 13, which is preferably sealed (alternatively, this could be enclosure 11 or 16) and on which the valve is mounted.
• a porous membrane 75 can be welded to this support, for example by an ultrasonic technique.
• the membrane is by for example an e-PTFE membrane or an open pore foam. It makes it possible, during normal operating phases, to balance the pressures between the interior 130 and the exterior 140 of the enclosure.
• An evacuation or exhaust valve or valve allows escape of the gas or atmosphere contained in the volume which is provided with this valve when, for example, a temperature and/or pressure internal to this volume and/or, more generally, a thermodynamic parameter of the atmosphere inside the volume exceeds a certain threshold value, which can be fixed by the stiffness of a spring.
• valve 15a providing this function is described below in connection with Figures 6A and 6B.
• It comprises a fixed body 81 placed in a dedicated orifice of an enclosure 13 which is preferably sealed (as a variant, it could be enclosure 11 or 16).
• this body has a symmetry of revolution around an axis AA'.
• a perforated support 84 is positioned (to let the fluid pass when the valve opens) which may comprise, or be extended, by a central cylindrical part 86, which extends in the direction of inside the envelope and inside which a shaft 81 (or a rod or a bar) of a piston 88, forming a valve, will be able to slide.
• a support plate 85 which rests on a lip 87.
• the piston or the valve is of circular shape, adapted to that of the valve shown.
• the piston or the valve has a corresponding shape.
• a spring 83 in compression between the interior surface of the support 84 and the plate 85 maintains this piston 88 in the normally closed position, preventing the circulation of an atmosphere between the interior volume 130 and the exterior volume 140 of the envelope, in one direction or in another.
• one or more seals (not shown) ensure tight movement of the shaft 81 in the central cylindrical part 86.
• the central cylindrical part 86 has a length less than the distance between the interior surface of the support 84 and the upper surface of the plate 85, thus forming a stop to the stroke of the plate 85 when the interior pressure exceeds a threshold determined by the characteristics spring.
• the piston 88 When the pressure of the interior volume 130 exceeds a limit value, which allows the spring 83 to be pushed back, the piston 88 is moved to its open position (FIG. 6B).
• the piston as well as its shaft 86 have a symmetry of revolution around axis AA'. But, as already explained above, other shapes of the valve and the piston can be made.
• the piston moves in translation along this axis AA', in this example under the action of spring 212 and/or a pressure or a pressure difference between the interior and exterior of the enclosure 13. If the valve and the piston or valve have a shape different from the circular shape, the piston or the valve can nevertheless move in translation along an axis AA', preferably substantially perpendicular to the wall 13 in which the valve can be installed.
• the piston is then moved to a position opening (figure 6B), thus allowing the circulation of the atmosphere between the interior and exterior of the valve or enclosure.
• a limit value for example 50 mbar or 70 mbar, or more generally a limit pressure for example between 40 mbar or 50 mbar and 100 mbar, which makes it possible to compress the spring 83, or when the pressure of the interior atmosphere 130 of the enclosure or the valve exceeds a value which makes it possible to compress the spring 83, then the piston is then moved to a position opening (figure 6B), thus allowing the circulation of the atmosphere between the interior and exterior of the valve or enclosure.
• Such an overpressure situation can occur for example in the case of gas release or thermal runaway (for example due to a rapid increase in temperature and/or an additional volume of combustion gas causing the overpressure).
• Excess pressure gases for example from cell combustion, can then escape.
• An evacuation and breathing valve or valve ensures the 2 functions: in “normal” operation, the breathing function is ensured; but, since, for example, the temperature and/or pressure exceeds a certain threshold inside the enclosure provided with said valve, then the evacuation function is implemented and the atmosphere is overheated and/or Excessive pressure can be relieved.
• FIG. 7A shows a valve 15b for an enclosure 13 which is preferably sealed (alternatively, this could be enclosure 11 or 16).
• the valve comprises a first passage 120 and a second passage 130 for a fluid entering or leaving the enclosure.
• the first passage of the valve comprises a closing member, for example a piston, 152.
• the second passage comprises a membrane 160. membrane is permeable to the aforementioned fluid.
• the valve is thus adapted to be positioned in an evacuation opening or in an evacuation conduit of an enclosure such as the enclosure 11, 13, or 16, for example capable of receiving a battery pack.
• Such an evacuation opening or evacuation conduit generally provides a passage path for a fluid passing between an interior 130 and an exterior 140 of the enclosure.
• the enclosure can be sealed outside said opening: said opening is then the only exchange path for a fluid between the interior and exterior of the enclosure.
• FIG. 7A shows the fluid passing through the first passage 160 and the fluid passing through the second passage 150.
• the membrane 160 only prevents particles, for example dust, from entering from the exterior 140 into the interior 130 of the enclosure, which could harm the contents of said enclosure, for example damaging a battery.
• the membrane has air permeability under a pressure difference of Ap 70 mbar between 1 and 500 Lh ⁇ .cnr 2 .
• the membrane can have air permeability under a pressure difference:
• the membrane lets through between 1 and 500 liters (L) of air per hour (h) and per cm 2 of membrane surface.
• a membrane with a surface area or size of one cm 2 allows between 1 and 500 liters of air to pass through the membrane in the case where a pressure of 70 mbar is applied through the membrane.
• said permeability can be determined according to one of the methods defined by standards ISO 5636-3, ISO 5636-4 or ISO 5636-5.
• the first passage comprises a closing member 152, for example a piston.
• This organ can move between an open position and a closed position. In the open position it opens the first passage, and the fluid can pass through the first passage and through the second passage between the interior and exterior of the enclosure.
• Figure 7A shows this member in its open position and the fluid passing through the first passage 160 opened by this member, here a piston.
• Figure 7B shows the same valve already shown in Figure 7A, but the member 152 being in the closed position.
• the fluid can still pass through the second passage, through the permeable membrane.
• the first passage is closed by the member 152, which stops the fluid.
• the first passage may comprise a filter 100.
• the filter may be a metal mesh and have technically negligible resistance to the passage of the fluid. The filter prevents particles from entering or leaving the enclosure when the piston is in the open position.
• Figures 7A and 7B show an elastic element 170, configured to exert pressure on the member, here a piston, to close the first passage.
• the elastic element is a spring.
• the spring exerts pressure on the piston to press it with a seal of the piston against a rim.
• the piston is held in the closed position by the pressure force exerted by the spring.
• the closing member can be configured to open the first passage under the influence of a pressure present in the first passage.
• the pressure present in the first passage may increase due to heat development in the enclosure.
• the force exerted by the pressure in the first passage exceeds the force exerted by the elastic element on the member 152, the latter moves into the open position.
• it is configured to open the first passage when the first pressure present in the first passage exceeds a first pressure threshold.
• the membrane may be configured to rupture when a second pressure present in the second passage exceeds a second pressure threshold.
• the first pressure threshold is chosen lower than the second pressure threshold.
• the membrane can be configured to rupture when a force exerted on the membrane by the pressure present in the second passage exceeds a threshold.
• a thickness or material of the membrane can be chosen to present a configured stability of breaking when said force exceeds said threshold.
• the first pressure present in the first passage is equal to the second pressure present in the second passage because said two passages both communicate with inside the enclosure.
• the pressure present in the first and second passages correspond to the pressure inside the enclosure.
• Figures 7A and 7B also show a sensor 180 configured to indicate an opening state of the member 152.
• the sensor can for example be placed on a rod, for example of the piston, and provide an electrical or optical signal indicating a position opening or closing of the piston.
• Sensor 180 may also be located on the piston cylinder or on the piston.
• the valve may also include an actuator 190 configured to move the piston to open or close the first passage.
• the actuator can for example be an electric motor, a piezoelectric actuator or an electric magnet acting on the piston.
• the actuator can actuate the piston between the open position and the closed position.
• the actuator may be configured to force the piston into a closed position and/or force the piston into an open position and/or exert no force on the piston. In the case where the actuator does not exert any force on the piston the position opening or closing is determined solely by the forces exerted by the elastic element and the pressure present in the first passage.
• Heating in the enclosure provided with such a dual-function member for example the enclosure 13, 11, or 16, for example a thermal runaway of one or more battery pack cells, can cause a sharp increase heat and pressure within the enclosure.
• this pressure exceeds a first value, the pressure exerted on the closing piston of the valve activates the piston in the open position.
• the fluid can thus be evacuated from inside the enclosure through the first passage of the valve.
• the filter 100 of the valve prevents particles from the battery from escaping from the enclosure.
• valve membrane is configured to rupture under the influence of a second pressure value present in the enclosure.
• the first pressure value is less than the second pressure value.
• the valve piston Apart from the situation of a thermal runaway or another event causing a pressure of the first pressure value within the enclosure, the valve piston remains in its closed position, if it is not moved by the actuator, as described below. While the piston remains in its closed position an exchange of fluid can take place through the second passage and the permeable membrane.
• an increase or decrease in pressure inside the enclosure which remains below said first pressure value is balanced because of the fluid passing through the second passage and the permeable membrane.
• the membrane prevents particles, such as dust, from entering the enclosure.
• the valve is provided with the actuator configured to move or move the closing piston.
• the piston can for example be positioned in an open position when a strong increase in pressure inside the enclosure is expected.
• the pressure inside the enclosure can increase significantly due to a drop in pressure outside 140 of speaker, which may damage the battery.
• the actuator can be controlled to move the piston to an open position.
• the battery pack includes a battery management system which is connected to the actuator 190 to open or close the first passage. The management of the pressure and the operation of the battery can thus be effectively controlled by the management system.
• Means for controlling or controlling this valve can be those described below in connection with Figures 11A and 11B (reference 290), the valve possibly being provided with one or more sensors 293, 2193', 295, 295' (see description below).
• Figures 8 and 9 represent an exemplary embodiment of such a valve 12b.
• It comprises a fixed body 201 placed in a dedicated orifice of an enclosure 13 which is preferably sealed (here, as in the other figures, as a variant, it could be enclosure 11 or 16).
• this body has a symmetry of revolution around an axis AA'.
• other shapes can be made, for example we can have a rectangular or square valve.
• It has an orifice 202 in which a membrane support 204 is positioned, which rests against a lip 203.
• This support is mainly planar, provided with perforated areas which will allow the circulation of an atmosphere between the interior volume 130 and the external volume 140 of the valve, and therefore of the enclosure 13.
• a porous membrane 205 (FIG. 9) can be welded to this support, for example by an ultrasonic technique.
• the membrane is for example an e-PTFE membrane or an open-pore foam. It allows, during normal operating phases, to balance the pressures between the interior of the
• the support 204 may comprise or be extended by a central cylindrical part 206, which extends towards the interior of the envelope and inside which a shaft 210 (or a rod or a bar) of a piston 208, forming a valve, will be able to slide.
• the piston or the valve is circular in shape, adapted to that of the valve shown. However, if the latter has another shape, for example the rectangular or square shape as already mentioned above, then the piston or the valve has a corresponding shape.
• a spring 212 maintains this piston 208 in the normally open position, allowing the circulation of an atmosphere between the interior volume 130 and the exterior volume 140 of the envelope, in one direction or another (thus ensuring a breathing function).
• one or more seals 219 ensure tight movement of the shaft 210 in the central cylindrical part 206.
• the volume 215, internal to the valve is either at the internal pressure or at the external pressure depending on the open or closed position of the piston.
• a part 214 forming a stop limits the stroke of the piston under the action of the spring.
• this part 214 is fixed to the body 201, for example on the side of the interior volume 130 of the envelope.
• the spring can push the piston until it is blocked by the part 214, in a position in which the air or the atmosphere can circulate between the exterior volume 140 and the interior volume 130 of the 'envelope.
• this part forming a stop can be installed at the end of the shaft 210.
• the piston 208 is in direct contact with the interior volume 130 and with the external volume 140 by the end of the shaft 210.
• the pressure difference which is exerted on the piston is indeed the difference between the pressure inside the envelope and the pressure outside of it.
• it is when the internal pressure exceeds a limit value, which allows spring 212 to be pushed back, that the piston is moved to its closed position.
• the piston 208 as well as its shaft 210 have a symmetry of revolution around the axis AA'. But, as already explained above, other shapes can be made.
• the piston moves in translation along this axis AA', in this example under the action of spring 212 and/or a pressure or a pressure difference between the interior and exterior of the enclosure 13. If the valve and the piston at the valve have a shape other than the circular shape, the piston or the valve will nevertheless be able to move in translation along of an axis AA', preferably substantially perpendicular to the wall 13 in which the valve can be installed.
• the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the valve or the enclosure, or the pressure inside the enclosure or the valve does not exceed a value allowing the spring 212 to be compressed: the piston remains abutting against the part 214 and the atmosphere can then circulate between the inside and the outside of the enclosure, via the membrane, the membrane support and the space provided between the piston 208 and the body 201 (this space is visible in Figure 9).
• the air circulates with an air flow rate of between 0.5 and 100 l/min/cm 2 under a pressure difference of a few tens of mbar, for example between 20 mbar and 40 mbar.
• the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the valve or the envelope exceeds the limit value, for example 50 mbar or 70 mbar, or more generally a limit pressure for example between 40 mbar or 50 mbar and 100 mbar, which allows the spring 212 to be compressed, or the pressure of the interior atmosphere of the envelope or the valve exceeds a value which also allows the spring 212 to be compressed.
• the piston is then pressed against an interior edge, or a lip, 216 of the body 201, thus stopping the circulation of the atmosphere between the exterior and the interior of the valve or the envelope.
• the membrane is protected against internal overpressure in the valve or enclosure.
• Such an overpressure situation can occur for example in the case of gas release or thermal runaway (for example due to a rapid increase in temperature and an additional volume of combustion gas causing the overpressure). Excess pressure gases, for example from cell combustion, can possibly escape through other dedicated orifices or pressure relief valves.
• Figures 10A and 10B represent a variant of such a valve.
• numerical references identical to those of Figures 8 and 9 designate identical or corresponding elements.
• the difference compared to the previous figures lies in the part 224 which forms a stop to limit the stroke of the piston: this part is here located at the end of the shaft 210 and comes to apply against the membrane when the external pressure is greater to the pressure inside the envelope (figure 10B); the air or l the atmosphere can then circulate between the outside and the inside of the envelope.
• FIGS 11A and 11B represent variants of such a valve.
• the valve is provided with a member 292 which, in cooperation with an actuator 290, for example an electric motor, allows, via a transmission member 291, to drive the piston 208 in one direction or in the 'other along axis AA'.
• an actuator 290 for example an electric motor
• the member 292 is mechanically linked to the valve; for example, it penetrates the shaft or the rod 210.
• This member comprises for example a rod or a bar, part of which is furnished with notches or teeth, thus forming a rack, which can be driven in movement by the member 291, which includes for example a toothed wheel.
• the actuator 290 can control the member 291 under the action of information relating on the one hand to the pressure Pe, and/or the temperature Te, external to the valve (or external to the envelope 30 which is provided of this valve), and information relating to the pressure Pi, and/or the temperature Ti, internal to the valve (or internal to the enclosure 13 which is equipped with this valve).
• the actuator 290 receives information relating to the pressure, and/or the temperature, interior from a pressure sensor 293 (and/or a temperature sensor 293'), which can be placed inside the valve or the envelope, the pressure and/or the exterior temperature being measured directly using a sensor which can for example be included in the actuator 290.
• the actuator 290 receives information relating to the external pressure and/or temperature from a pressure sensor 295 (and/or a temperature sensor 295'), which can be placed outside of the envelope valve, the internal pressure and/or temperature being measured directly using a sensor which can for example be included in the actuator 290.
• FIG. 11C represents another variant of such a valve.
• the actuating member 290 here comprises one or more coils 297 which interact with one end of the shaft or the rod 210 of the piston.
• This shaft or rod comprises a part (shaft or rod) 210' which extends beyond the membrane support 214 and the membrane and which is at least partly magnetized.
• the magnetic field produced by the coil(s) will interact with the end 210' of the axis 210 to move it according to the axis AA', in one direction or another in order to open or close the breathing valve.
• the actuator 290 can receive information relating to the internal pressure and/or temperature from a pressure sensor 293 (and/or a temperature sensor), which can be arranged at the interior of the valve or the envelope, the external pressure and/or temperature being measured directly using a sensor which can for example be included in the actuator 90.
• a pressure sensor 293 and/or a temperature sensor
• the same type of drive by magnetic means, can be implemented on the interior side of the valve, possibly with the pressure and/or temperature sensor(s) arranged (s) correspondingly, for example in the manner explained above in connection with Figure 11B.
• the actuator comprises at least one or more coil(s) 297 (forming a stator) and at least one magnetized part (fixed to the valve, for example on the part 210' of the piston axis) which allow the closing or opening and even a certain proportional opening of the system.
• valve 212 no longer needs to be fitted with the spring 212 nor with the stop or stop piece 214, 224, the movement of the valve being controlled by the means 290; for example, spring 212 is shown in Figure 11C or 11D, but could be deleted.
• the valve can therefore include an actuator 290 configured to move the valve to open or close the exchange of atmosphere via the valve.
• the actuator can for example be an electric motor, a piezoelectric actuator or of the magnetic or electromagnetic type, for example an electric magnet, acting on the valve.
• the actuator can move the valve between the open position and the closed position.
• the actuator may be configured to force the valve into a closed position and/or force the valve into an open position and/or exert no force on the valve.
• the 2 types of evacuation or exhaust valve or valve (for example described in connection with Figures 6A-6B and 7A-7B) can be implemented in the configurations of Figures 1A-4.
• valve or evacuation valve of the type described in connection with Figure 5; in figures IA and IB, it is also possible to install valves simple exhaust valves and a breathing valve, but it is also possible to use a dual-function valve or valve (as explained above in connection with Figures 7A and 7B).
• valve chosen in breathing or in evacuation, it can be associated, in a device or a method according to the invention, with a filter. This is preferably arranged:
• FIG. 12A for a breathing valve 12: between this valve and the external environment, the air or gas introduced into the interior volume 130 passing first through the filter 22, then through the valve 12; for example, an intermediate volume 19 can be provided between the breathing valve 12 and the filter 22;
• an evacuation valve 15 (figure 12B): between this valve and the external environment 140, the air or gas evacuated, for example hot air or gas, passing first through the valve 15 , then through filter 22; in fact, this hot air or gas may contain particles resulting for example from degradation of a battery due to overheating; here again, an intermediate volume 19 can be provided between the valve 15 and the filter 22.
• a device according to the invention can be used advantageously to produce a battery compartment in the field of transport, for example in an automobile or a truck or an airplane, powered by a heat engine or an electric motor or a hybrid motor.
• the atmosphere outside the enclosure 11 and delimited by the volume 16 can be a passenger compartment of the vehicle (as illustrated in Figure 13A), for example occupied by passengers and / or goods, while the enclosure 13 (zone not occupied by passengers and / or goods) and the evacuation valve 15 make it possible to evacuate gases under pressure and / or overheating from the outside of the vehicle.
• the vehicles represented in Figures 13A - 13D each equipped with a system according to the present invention as illustrated in Figure IA (alternatively, it could be a system as described above in connection with the figures IB, 2, 3, or 4), can be:
• motor vehicle 300 Figure 13A
• construction vehicles for example of the excavator or backhoe type, or of the aircraft type (for example: airplane 310, Figure 13B), for example for transport purposes extra planetary, or space type, for example a space station or a satellite (in which cases the external environment is a vacuum);
• the volume 140 is a passenger compartment, for example for passengers and/or staff, with which the volume 11 can exchange a fluid through the element 12, but other examples of volume 140 can be found (for example a hold or a containment zone, for example again to transport baggage and/or material).
• a device or method according to the invention can also be used for a stationary application, for example to produce an energy production and storage system 400, as illustrated schematically in Figure 14, in which the reference 402 designates a set of solar panels, and the reference 404 means or an electrical circuit for connection between this assembly and an energy storage device 30 (or 40) according to the invention (for example as described above in connection with Figures 3 or 4).
• the outer envelope is here the envelope 13.
• the solar panels 402 convert solar energy into electrical energy, which is stored in the device 30, 40.
• it can be act as a photovoltaic energy storage assembly, again for a stationary application, for example in an individual home.
• the breathing valve under the effect of the internal pressure and/or temperature or the pressure and/or temperature difference between the internal atmosphere and the external atmosphere, is thus protected as long as the applied pressure and/or temperature difference is greater than a limit value, for example greater than 50 mbar.
• At least one or more temperature and/or pressure and/or voltage sensors across the storage means 7 can/can be implemented, with a view for example to allowing regulation of one of these parameters in at least one of the volumes 11, 13, 16.
• This is the case for example in the context of regulation of the atmosphere or gas in a volume 11 as a function of pressure and/or temperature or pressure and/or temperature differences.
• Such regulation can also be carried out as a function of another type of signal or as a function of an external action, for example from an operator, who wishes to control or test, for example as part of a maintenance operation. , the operation of a valve or several valves of a device according to the invention.
• an exhaust or breathing valve with a closing valve can be provided with activation means such as the means 290 adapted and/or programmed to close or open the valve or the valve depending on another type.
• signal for example a variation of pressure and/or temperature, for example during a predetermined time interval (such a variation being compared to a limit value, or threshold, of pressure and/or temperature variation), or an external action triggered by an operator.
• a valve or a flap of a valve of a device according to the invention can be activated to open or close in the case of detection of a failure: such a failure can be measured for example in the case too high a temperature of an enclosure such as for example enclosure 11 or of a unit cell or a set of electrochemical storage cells, for example a module or an enclosure as described above.
• the failure may for example be an abnormal temperature, for example 70°C or more and/or an overvoltage and/or, on the contrary, a sudden drop in cell voltage or of the energy storage device.
• One or more corresponding sensor(s), for example voltage detection may equip the system, for example in addition to one or more temperature and/or pressure detection sensor(s) already described above.
• the information provided by the sensor(s) can be transmitted to a control unit, for example the means 290 as already described above and/or computer means, for example a microcomputer or a processor or microprocessor, to which can be connected, for example, the means

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• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

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• 2022
  • 2022-12-09 FR FR2213097A patent/FR3143205A1/fr active Pending
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