Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
  • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
  • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
  • H04N19/117—Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
  • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
  • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
  • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
  • H04N19/577—Motion compensation with bidirectional frame interpolation, i.e. using B-pictures

Definitions

• ornee ornee.: . eo an arausoraveoonomensae ern - o. e,res,e enn a enec re “aon oas wvee co u snoo cnn an oro camsroro..rovsona caon anuar, ,e omraeensae reereenrcneoorr a-urreocseso.n,”e on nomeeroe,s meneoscso asnure as raeraaeusoo vmeroo cvoene c aonn comecroessnon e, ancennca orcuearu conocs.
• ner erormearo aus veo conecnues mae useo comress veoaa.eo cons sanarsncccuore vnersaoe on ve oer more veo con sanars.or exame, veo con assemble veo co o con ,-ecenc veo con. , eo c n. , movncure exerrou con, oree.
• eeoanaeen aeravan uae ozes rerecon meose..,ner-recon,nra-recon, or oa o veo conecnuessuno caonmcrersess venn veomaes or seuences.nmoran we avon eoaano aorma uses aower rae, ers or v mersnomnzneraaonso veoua. aroxmae -ra oe saven or e saunvaaren waesrcenauazeuanu co,mar, wc oers eneraon veo con sanar .
• ou e sa eoeror conmrovemensansre narroves sncan cane aceve w aona coencessooor,s.eerecens ev,oencea sueror con ecenc unere coaoraon o - an neo sxoraoneam AIDSecnooesa can e aree exoraon o .nr , one soware cnoaeea ssue,s caanean enanacnecemeon o con ecenc over esaseoruure veo con exoraon wor.e rmeerreesnscoen soowaere wasa wseas ornee.: .
• coroncesusorers.urermore,e one or morerocessors, uon execuon oensrucons, are or veoc ecnoo cronero n.orm aeo auer me ara aso usec ac ma ocor ncen ureeos oenner e orss mco assureec,.eresrove an aaraus oe one or morer orerocessors an a memor coue morerocessors.uroecremssoorres, ane o cnoen or mureo sorensrucons execuae e one or are conureoerorme meo accororenrooceseso sresc,o unon as exeeccu.on oensrucons, comuercc roearaneo s aorae a mseecum oore sroers
• o accorn reere mncorearcuarescron oe exames oeresenscosure we renere rawnseeco o snec socm eex eaxmameses aunsr aaree noneere aoree cnonerawns.
• venaese e exames weescre an exane w sereoemnn scoe, e use oe accomannrawns.
• oc asre oocereanr samzess anusr saanesonw ac acorramaneces r wecurs sovmearoneno resensc e exames oe some exam.osur es ose a. eocresearamusran an exemar veo encoern accorance w resensc.
• accorance w some exames oe some exam.osurse a.ocaramusran an exemar veoecoern accorance w .es os aearesreanmsucosure. accorance w some exames osraenresocaronsn a mu-eree srucuren e. s aaramusraneoncscarosuroe. accoranc nsn a mu-eree srucuren accorance.
• aereconsonw asc aco surasanmce we- somae exacaman cacuaon aeorraen cacuaonsn .s aaramusranocaues oeresenscosure.
• oc moesn accor e rocessoresa are coe su- .s aaance w some exames oeresenscosure. exames o ramusran oeemae-ase n accorance w somen accoran.e ce wsr aese soan mreamscos examuusr erea. s on ae cormeseunns ecnvosruornem.en coue w a usernerace, ornee.: .
• exames o.es aresoewncasrcosuusreran a meoor veoeconn accorance w some exames o.es aresoewncasrcosuusrer. .an a meoor veo enconn accorance w some areusreaeerennce we ac ncoowmaen manernawenas.on seecocowmnemeenaaeons, exames o wc non-mn secceas are seor escron, numerous resenee n orero asssn unersanne suec maer aernaves mrean.eu use.
• so soware,ure arware, or un or moue mancueunc warememenaon,or exame,e rec or ona reae coeocs or soware comonens,a are .nrecs anoeoeer, so asoerorm aarcuaruncon.
• ransme encoe veoaarecoeesnaon communcaon sanar suce as en ac woreees vs coemomuanaca maonreo mocoo,u aanera anccorno a esnaonevce.
• eumena mae use ers, swces,ase saons, or an oer esnaon uoacae communcaonrome sourceevceoe ouunne sormev acec e oeeor.
• wc cane annerae naonevce mancueesaevce, communcae w eesnasoaneevvccee an. ane exseranaevsceaevsceasaes ceocnoeur veeo aao a user, an mancue an o a vare osaevces s o sa , aasmasa, anranc mnoeuc ass aa,u orrsa e os anoer ornusre va saenoev a erncce so.
• r comonensncuene veo encoer o comonens oeesnaonevce ane ouunerace anor aeas aar or comonensncuene ve or exame,enunerace,e veoecoer anesaevce ma oeraeonecoer asescreeow w reerenceo., soware,aorms, anor a cou Chrservce newor wc marove ervceaa, ornrasrucnurraes arusc auree,rv succe asaao.wnar seom ase amervemceenaaaons,, onaeo orrm as a comonensne sourceevce anoreesnaonevce wc are n more cou cucumber servce newor maeroven one or more ce oncuene more cenevces ma communca
• eacaaverne vceoonoorc “n, sraaraecreonc”o uns anoremorarecon mae coe neornocswc ar esxesrome sames o area orece curren veooc.e caaae rreeercenocne s raemuceess snaae r same veocuresce e veo sna.emorareconaso eunancnerenn comensae reerreo as “nerrecon” or “moon rece currreenc vone”o usoecs r.eceomnsoruracerexcesrome area coe veocuresone veo sna.emorarecon snaoron a reveuncesems uosruaa re sunnaaencn onereen or ornee.:
• xes, w seounerer neoceonasnasrea orecons usuaase on unere reconsruce urne on nere reconsrucexeseseer oons are usen con.e uncs e o anco n wocer ma. arnam réelleosr caonn a saonca-ase veoecoer wc mae reconsrucon-reae se rs.secoer s smaroe ecoer maee vceoon reecsoenrn as seo ewnnconer.
• soue recanuarsuare or non- suareoron o us aeraemreen or m aaceu are.oron, rneearrenccuar a exame,o an ,eoc or veooc mae or correson e,or n , a, areconn or aransormn anoo ar moanere oer ornee.: .
• moencaonors rocaerssnon unnorm aasoonr,o avnes snax eemens, suc as moon vecors,nra- encon oer suc snaxnormaon,oe enro oc,n u e onrnerar.ore sececon anr aocersosnra uennra wrecnvee corenc mooneroocrese curren veo erormnrarecve con oe curren veooc re sn un ma ocsne samerame ase cur aveo one or more neor moon esmaon un renocoe coeorove saarecon.e rocessn un er ane moon comensaon un wnerecon o ormnerrecve con oe curren veooc reave
• xeerecerevneceo vcaueose s suumrmacern.xee s vuamumeser o consua veooc o moon comensaon un romexe vaueserecveocrove e exeerence vauesormne r oe curren veoocen coe.
• a vee sonraamxe eeomre unses maen vcueoecoern snax eemensenne moon vecor useoen e,or exame,ncanerecon moe, or an oer snaxn erecveoc, anas e moon esmaon un ane moon ormaonescreeren.oea u areusrae transformeor co comensaon un mae nerae, recvne somocesmn ae mmaennnaero snms,nce areu ona arauros escr uesn.
• a-recon moe exsees rae-soron vaueor moon cnom oeenrs eaxaomn uens,e,nnra wo uen orn maar, usoeeer moromon esmaon un ane recon accornoememenaon sucunconsornra co, arecv sescreeren.n eer case,ornraoc coe,n eoc mae aocaseeme as cose macneocoe mercs, anermse onxceaone orencee, wrecc mveaoece mearmnnceue cac,, or oererenceneerxe uaon o
• veoocer vae ereercnonerrorceesscnon un ornreermneserecveocore curren veooc suracne arecon,e summerorms a resua veoaane recveocrome curren veooc.e resua ransormrocess rnes uunao.c mearanseonrmcureocesns onne u onr morerans ansroveoe aanor r aesuaransorm coecen sormse resua veo o s usn aransorm, suc as ascreeosneransorm e coranncseorumaro scmessarransorm.
• ooree v veoeaa suc as an encoe veosream, veoaa memor mae oa oecoer.e veoaa sorene veo ne,or exame,rome soraeevce,rom aoca or s aocucercsse,n suc assc aa camaeara, va wre or wreess newor communcaon o veoaa, memor mancue ao seoraceu mreeuaee.r., aasar svoere osr enacroes v.eoea vaerooaa encoe veosream.e oe veoecoer sores r m an usenecon veoaa e veoecoe eerence veoaaor moes.e veoaa m
• oerame an oer ornee.: . a,omeearrm,neeanrae cu urnren v maeo use some oe receiver snax eemens, e.., a consruconnormaon oc wasrece usnenra moe, reon a o wc veoocs oerame are wne reconsruce oc one sroaume,en sraorenreecon sa,usoocr e vaceconrsraor eacrencrea veroece veo rame, an oernormaonoecoee veoocsne c oc oe e moon comensaon un ma asoerurren veorame.neroaoners as use e veo en ormneroaon usne cacuaener
• woc seores reer.enceereacmoese us veeoor suocsn avenrame areen sorene , e , or a memorevce substituteeseromuene moon co,m maen asasoo sno ore neexco vee voeoocos.aerresenaon on asaevce, suc asesaevce o r ocsn eeer cu moldnerom an saa or saenmaorras, m neoonornnormaocon o.e.
• veorame mancue an romooo nsecuven a raser scan orerromeo r an are snaeom.ace veo ensc aoarereson ac sae cuoennce uanram aneer see w, suc ana aee oes ornee.: .
• sno au veoe s neoueenceaaveerees seanme a szecaeonn osn neo o nece ⁇ ssar, ⁇ m, ⁇ , an ⁇ .u sownn., eac mancue one ouma sa eo aarcuar sze.s reeocs o croma sames, an sn mes,wo corresonn con reeocs.e snax e ax eemens useo coee sames oe con oxes an emensescreroeres oerenes o uns o a coeocner ornraowrece von,eon serauernecec canone m roecoe,ns mroucoen v aecoers v,eoecoer,ncun monocromecures orcures
• an snax srucures useor ae cooranes, a mancue a sneuma,, anrocsor ece.e veo encoer maeneraerecve e veo encuomear,, m aan usrensra o ereaccon o ore.
• oe veoecoer an moon vecor canaesserome veo encoer v mecor canaess sucen anorneex v oeoe en secoeceer m aonon vee vcoeroreecoceorr won usee meo samone cuorreonn vec.orrecor wne moon vecor canaesor encon anecone moon comensaeonre mseonuescoasurse asoeurnere enanc.enee coromowa cnon ecenc oeoosa are aeneransorm an enro conro , some reae con era, someecencesne exsnes cessne arere revewe.
• woceareon ⁇ s,es s azee o ueereer co anrn ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ are coecens coornaes, suca eransormaons are aeoeer aner cooceaocnen ⁇ s ⁇ ,, ⁇ a ⁇ nos ae ceowner v raues c ⁇ or ⁇ ner.
• varae an areeween ⁇ 9 an 9 we ⁇ , ⁇ enoeseeren.
• ocaumnaoonca comuemnsnaon e ev aon comensaon s a conoo wc was sueurn neornecoumreesn., wecarseasse a r oenso avnneareocaumnaon canesa exsemora erveor enancnerecon sames o a m courere wneroec a.
• oveeo ⁇ r ⁇ _ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ’ ⁇ s moson cancourame accorno weearecaon o’s an omeacon, coose one aaon wo wenacors as an sames c cacuaeena recon resus oounar ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ e r o n rn o a s,os res , u an usn os cu .
• enersa aren cooee w exsn esnn ,e s awassaeor ecencvenaere are asooecn.
• arucacsesan exss suson-mewaeennenrmers oocse coa anre ornee.: . c aoee wo aon o wwoou neeornenoc as,eer.e cuoruermeoreo,e evenore case weree s ocounares owoocsecausee a naocn aracs aone coueeren rameersa are aeoewoocs moon comensn.
• ornee . ee srnnaes a a aeveoneo ccurreenveoec..,or mo,on, oreveoncae weereroose . sows aocaram o ceomroeonsseaonec or no. rouce e encoern..
• eec oera receivese-sream ecoer.e resua coecens areennveroseeru,aneze- asnreanmvesrsersransarose e enro reconsruce resua.oremorareco rmeo oane e moon comensae n,recon snasrsenerae oannnex.en,or-recoec usoncs,e ssnaaresereromconenosrrmeaamono.ee.e, an reerence aaveerns enaeoreoc or no.e aav rmne weere comensaeuma an croma sna eerns enae,e moon oerwse,e moon comensae csro amrea surnearsro ncoesseere.eenr,oo
• ⁇ ⁇ . ⁇ enerane-rec 3 on s ⁇ . aree wes aeoe an recons wen ae an mae e ames oe currenoc, wc are euao. e s no e resun-recuoan.es, o.,. an.
• n re r ac on c o e , v o a n r e o u emaerecon same ?+ were ⁇ B.
• oeemae areenerae. ses oeraram aon oesoronseween ⁇ 3 an ⁇ , an ⁇ . an ⁇ ,wo as: eers ⁇ 3 an ⁇ . caneerveor an recons solvee, asescre
• ⁇ 93n se e . :ase oneer coecens ⁇ 93
• ervaon sceme.nenera moreer aoveeraveer ansrecon s aons weao smaersoroneweeneemae comuaona comenxa..en.,eeeor coownn,anere wn mceoowsev areer croomes ae exense o more oeraonsas aeneroose aorm.
• smeraaeorn n sums aer oeeroaeoc oerwse.e.eerences smaeranereso, eroose scemee.asons n onus e n a moeoee.
• ,eas,sroereonnareconrecon cane aen reconneroose seo awas use asenarecon reco meo.n anoer meo,srooseo use asena ase onner secceon.en,reecron m serucou,re ansroo oseeo seecenareconrecon or exame, can use asenareconrecon socre nona-owe- ceurarencuorces aeonso. asmennaaon oreconre n use o conoroweacures.
• eweenerocessor an o ouesaacaeeneracon n , a mcrorocessor, a sneer c com monacenns.e, aero,c oesrsore mae.e aenrarocessn ornee.: .
• s,n esm,omaen,nae coromcesusnn enevvrcoensmens, mraorememene w one s, s, s, conroers, mcro-conroers, mcrorocessoarms,m oar oeeor ececevrocnes comonens,oreror c n an emmne aove meos.
• rocessor oeecoamer e as, secoeneemrsa oe oanee neooorwnn ses: oann, eemaencues aura o secon reconsruce sames neornoco, w a ceorenneo sceconaeme neaeorerncoonc os aess soeccoae w oann,erocessor oeecoer, a secon eerase one seconenmeameareec anon o ananne s,econeerocessor oeecoer, n some exames, oanneerase one smae.
• rocessor oeecomer aes,rseemrsaee orse o cuarrneennerooowcn, ses: oann, encues aura ors reconsru didersemaenerocs ce sames neorno a conocae curren recon o aessorcsaeem wae o ana onnan,n,ereocersoscoersso oeecoer, arsemae ase onersemaerecon a r oeecoer,erser oown ses: o nersemae an,e seconers oane neornoc, wanerne,ne seecornocesesmoraenc ouese aecouraer, a seconemae oe sames neorno a cono o secon reconsruce erocessor cae neornocs ass
• r oe seeco nnereorcnonococ oase one currennerncues:n resonseoae cur e currenneroc un, oanne seconreconrenocneraseoc onsne a curoruenar reon oe curren con moon vecor oe neorno nneroc ane neorn n some exames,ec oernec currenneroc. .s aowcarusraune as c moeeocenosr o v ae soca enncoanco arc acnor ann oose.
• enxamreesc,eers oane oown ses oann, e erocessor oe encoeorn, aorcseamsea oen oe ceu crruernrener conoc oann, ersemaencues aura ors reconsruce samens nneer coornnooce, a w cuerrreenner conocae currennerocs assocae w n oe encoer, arsemaer oann, erocessor oe encoer,eerasee ocnone orseemrsaeemreaceo ann an oaennrs, erocessor n some exames, oanneerase one emae.
• rsemaencues oann c rsemaerecon ane rsemaer oecens oeer mnmznerenceseweene ne socmoen e axnamees,rseemae. e seconreco erereconocs oane aneero re noc, an oannenareconocase oneere occ anoneocrsncues: oannenareconocase oneererecon n sormeec exoanoc.
• rocessor oe encomer e as, secoeneemrsa oe oanee neooorwnn soces: oann, eemaencues aura o secon , dide secon e ne reconsruce sames neorno a conocaemaeorerncoonc os aess soeccoanee wma oann,erocessor oe encoer, a secon eerase one seconemaereec anon o ananne s,econeemroceaseso.r oe encoer, ornee.: .
• e seconemn saomeen ecxaumes es o, oanneerase one seconemaerecon an eweene seco ann coecens oeer mnmzn erences nn someem exaerecon ane seconemae.
• one oersreconamoces o,r oea snecnonereecreonreocconncuoecs o aannn aeero reconoc an arsero one oersrecono rsere reconoc wasn oannenarecono c ore secon ane oer oersrecono case oneerereconoc secone c ore seconreconocncues: oann a ore seconrerereccoonnoocc an a oannn a seceonnaererocoen oeorc oersreconoc reconoc ane seconerereco ase onersere rocessor on some een ecxoamer, aes,rseemrsaee ornse oocan.e oown ses: oann, encues aura o currenneroc, wasnersemaeneroc
• currennerncues n resonseoae curr urrenneroc un ennerocsn aounar reon oe curren con mo,o on vaecnonr oee se nceonorrencoonco ocease one currenneroc ane neorn n some exames,eernc cuurreesnneroc.
• snax eemens e encon meoescre aoveor use a usn,or exame, . necon veoaa.e n ecoeror exame,e veoecoern or exame, a , aanomccesson-ermanosror com,u aer-r-eaa,e a s moraanee mceauem, a mae, sc, an ocaaa soraeev o eescron oce oreeree.
• eresensconsuerses ss oecncanen seaeo oeerwuse, an orer o ses oe meo accorno eresenscosure are nomeoe orers sraecvec,a aneesc srees o aovee,ieri moa acceo cranno accornoracca conons.n aon, aeas one oe se e eresenscosure mae ause, co s oe meo accorno e exame mne oreee accornoracca reuremens.
• s s were cosen anescren orero exanernces oemceomsuernea anonso an enaoees o uersze see unneren arrno unersanescosureor varous varous mocaons as ces an varousmemenaons w u are sueoearcuar use conemae.ereore,soemneersmoeonaoansesc scoosee o aneas mcoosurecaso nnos ano oeemrmeoe secc exames oencue wne scoe oeresens emenaons areneneoe more crcures,e w acoven mceueo as macaec onmosu seerem.ene usn an aarausancues one or rocessors s, a snaroc ccnerae crcus s

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