Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/825—Mixtures of compounds all of which are non-ionic
  • C11D1/8255—Mixtures of compounds all of which are non-ionic containing a combination of compounds differently alcoxylised or with differently alkylated chains
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/044—Hydroxides or bases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
  • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
  • C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
  • C11D2111/16—Metals

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for low-temperature cleaning of metallic components by means of alkaline aqueous cleaners to which a specific surfactant mixture is added, as well as to the alkaline aqueous cleaner comprising said surfactant mixture.
• the cleaning of semi-finished products, components, and materials plays a key role in highly automated industrial series production for their successful further processing into the respective end product.
• the key function of cleaning is to provide standardized and thus reproducible surfaces in the series production of complex components.
• a reproducible surface finish across all semi-finished products, components, and materials is often a prerequisite for the effectiveness and longevity of coatings, bonding, welds, and forming processes that must be carried out along the production chain to produce the final product. Therefore, any surface finish that deviates from a well-defined standard must be identified early in the production process and remedied by targeted intervention in the cleaning process in order to prevent the production of defective end products and ensure high productivity.
• such high productivity demands in series production require not only high-quality cleaning steps but also cleaning processes that can be operated reliably within a wide process window in order to respond flexibly to changing levels of contamination in the semi-finished products, components, and materials to be cleaned.
• the present invention now sets itself the task of providing an alkaline-aqueous cleaner and a cleaning method for the series production of components made at least partially of metallic materials, in which complete degreasing can be reliably achieved even at bath temperatures below 50 °C ("low-temperature degreasing").
• the cleaner and the method should be suitable for significantly improving the degreasing performance of alkaline-aqueous cleaners with regard to metallic surfaces of zinc, iron, and/or aluminum, in order to be able to vary the working window with regard to the process temperature during the serial cleaning of these materials over a wide range as required. This means that the stability of the cleaner must be ensured.
• the claimed improvement in cleaning performance is demonstrated in each case with regard to the wettability in the water break test after degreasing using test sheets with the same degree of soiling, whereby the degreasing is carried out comparatively in the absence and presence of the selected fatty alcohol alkoxylated with ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) with a ratio of EO:PO of greater than 1:1, but otherwise under the same application conditions.
• EO ethylene oxide
• PO propylene oxide
• the present invention is the realization of the solution to one or more of the above-mentioned problems.
• the surfactant mixture comprising at least 50 wt. % (based on the total amount of the constituents of the surfactant mixture) of at least one or more surfactants selected from fatty alcohols alkoxylated with ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) and having an EO:PO ratio of greater than 1:1, and at least one or more surfactants selected from fatty alcohols alkoxylated with ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) and having an EO:PO ratio of 1:1 or less.
• EO ethylene oxide
• PO propylene oxide
• the application temperature when used according to the invention is below 50.0 °C, particularly preferably below 45.0 °C, very particularly preferably below 40.0 °C and especially preferably below 35.0 °C.
• an application temperature of at least 25.0 °C, particularly preferably of at least 30.0 °C, very particularly preferably of at least 35.0 °C is preferably realized.
• the metallic surface of a component cleaned with the alkaline-aqueous cleaner is not restricted in any way, and the surfaces can include, in particular, copper, steel, alloy-galvanized steel, and aluminum, as well as their alloys.
• Degreasing with alkaline-aqueous cleaners is particularly suitable for metallic surfaces of steel, galvanized and alloy-galvanized steel, especially for grades (Z), (ZF), (ZA), (AZ), (AS), and (ZM), and aluminum, preferably aluminum and its alloys.
• Aluminum alloys include materials that consist of at least 50 at.% aluminum.
• the improved degreasing performance at low application temperatures achieved according to the invention is independent of the type of component and is not influenced by its spatial configuration. Therefore, all components that are at least partially made of a metallic material, which in turn also forms a surface of the component accessible for cleaning with a fluid, are considered components within the meaning of the invention.
• Typical components that must be freed from oil and grease residues or other contaminants for further processing are semi-finished products and blanks resulting from forming and metal-cutting processes, such as sheets, profiles, rods, tubes, discs, and can cylinders, as well as joined, cast, or additively manufactured components such as car bodies, housings, tools, and machine parts.
• the method of bringing the alkaline aqueous cleaner into contact with the metallic surfaces of the component is not limited in any way and can be carried out using conventional methods known in the art, preferably by immersion with or without ultrasound and/or by spraying.
• the application takes place in a zone in which the alkaline-aqueous cleaner is applied from one or more storage containers and/or is kept in one or more system tanks, preferably only one system tank for energy reasons, for contacting.
• a system tank is therefore a container in which the alkaline-aqueous cleaner is located for the purpose of cleaning, but not necessarily also the location of contact.
• a portion of the treatment solution stored in a system tank sufficient to bring the surfaces of the component into contact can be fed out of the system tank and applied to the component spatially separated from the system tank, for example in a spray or misting chamber.
• the method is particularly advantageous for cleaning zones in which the cleaner is applied by immersing the components in a system tank containing the cleaner, since the greatest energy savings can be achieved in such systems using a method according to the invention.
• alkaline aqueous cleaner in particular the alkoxylated fatty alcohols mentioned are suitable for developing a good degreasing performance in the process according to the invention, even at low application temperatures.
• Fatty alcohol alkoxylates within the meaning of the present invention are compounds which comprise at least one hydrophobic residue (fatty alcohol) and at least one hydrophilic residue (alkoxylated with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide).
• the alkoxylated fatty alcohols according to the present invention are compounds which comprise at least one hydrophobic residue and at least one hydrophilic residue.
• the alkoxylated fatty alcohols according to the present invention may have a weight-average molecular mass of less than 2000 g/mol, preferably less than 1500 g/mol, particularly preferably less than 900 g/mol and most preferably less than 700 g/mol.
• the hydrophilic radical can have up to 30 units of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO), preferably up to 20 units of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO), particularly preferably up to 15 units of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO), and very particularly preferably up to 10 units of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO), for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO).
• This is the sum of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) units, i.e. if 30 units are bound to a fatty alcohol, the 30 units can each be ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO).
• the hydrophilic residue of the alkoxylated fatty alcohol can be a random copolymer or a block copolymer.
• Random copolymers are a type of copolymer in which two or more monomers are randomly distributed along the polymer chain and follow statistical rules. In these copolymers, the sequence of monomer residues follows statistical principles. If the probability of finding a particular monomer residue at any point in the chain is equal to the mole fraction, the polymer is considered a truly random copolymer.
• These copolymers are influenced by the reaction kinetics of the chemically different monomer reactants and are commonly referred to as "random" in the polymer literature.
• Block copolymers are a special class of copolymers in which chemically different monomer units are grouped in discrete blocks along the polymer chain. These polymers consist of molecules with a linear arrangement of blocks, where a block is defined as one part of a polymer.
• the hydrophobic residue is a fatty alcohol, i.e. the hydrophobic residue is derived in particular from aliphatic, long-chain, monohydric alcohols.
• the fatty alcohol can be a C 6 to C 22 fatty alcohol, preferably a C 6 to C 18 fatty alcohol, particularly preferably a C 6 to C 12 fatty alcohol, and especially preferably a C 8 to C 10 fatty alcohol.
• the fatty alcohol can be a C 8 fatty alcohol.
• the fatty alcohol can be branched or linear, with the hydrophobic residue preferably being branched.
• the fatty alcohol can be saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated, with fully saturated residues being preferred.
• the fatty alcohol can be selected from the group consisting of 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, 1-dodecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 1-hexadecanol, 1-heptadecanol, 1-octadecanol, 1-eicosanol, 1-docosanol and combinations thereof.
• the fatty alcohol can be selected from the group consisting of cis-9-hexadecen-1-ol, cis-9-octadecen-1-ol, trans-9-octadecen-1-ol, cis-11-octadecen-1-ol and combinations thereof.
• the fatty alcohol can be cis,cis-9,12-octadecadien-1-ol and/or 6,9,12-octadecatrien-1-ol.
• the fatty alcohol can be a primary branched aliphatic alcohol having more than 6 carbon atoms.
• the primary branched aliphatic alcohol has more than 6 and fewer than 10 carbon atoms. More preferably, the primary branched aliphatic alcohol has more than 6 and fewer than 10 carbon atoms, with at least 5 carbon atoms in the aliphatic main chain.
• the fatty alcohol can be 2-propyl-1-pentanol and/or 2-ethyl-1-hexanol.
• the fatty alcohol is preferably 2-ethyl-1-hexanol.
• the cleaner may comprise, based on the total weight of components (i) to (iii), at least 65% by weight, preferably 80% by weight, of component (i); and/or less than 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight, of component (ii). It is particularly preferred if the cleaner comprises, based on the total weight of components (i) to (iii), at least 80% by weight of component (i) and 10% by weight of component (ii).
• Components (i) and (ii) may comprise a plurality of surfactants; for example, components (i) and (ii) may comprise 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more surfactants.
• the total proportion of components (i) and (ii) contained in the alkaline aqueous cleaner is at least 0.10 g/kg, particularly preferably at least 0.50 g/kg, but preferably less than 10.0 g/kg, particularly preferably less than 5.0 g/kg, in each case based on the cleaner.
• the aqueous cleaner in the process according to the invention is alkaline and preferably has a pH above 8.5, preferably above 9.0, but preferably below 11.0, particularly preferably below 10.0.
• the pH corresponds to the negative decimal logarithm of the hydronium ion activity measured in the cleaner at a temperature of 25 °C using a pH-sensitive glass electrode after two-point calibration against technical buffer solutions of acetic acid/acetate and boric acid/borate.
• the alkaline-aqueous cleaner is preferably provided with a specific buffer capacity so that, in the process according to the invention, it has a total alkalinity in points of at least 4.0, particularly preferably at least 6.0, very particularly preferably at least 7.0, but preferably not exceeding a total alkalinity of 11.0.
• the total alkalinity corresponds to the consumption of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid in milliliters after titration of a sample volume of 10 ml of the cleaner diluted with 50 ml of deionized water ( ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ Scm -1 ) in the presence of the indicator bromocresol green (transition point: pH 3.6) at a temperature of 25 °C.
• alkaline-reacting, inorganic compounds which are preferred in the context of the present invention and are particularly preferably selected from water-soluble hydroxides, carbonates, borates, silicates, and/or phosphates, which in turn preferably contain at least water-soluble carbonates and/or phosphates. which in turn are preferably selected from orthophosphates, pyrophosphates, and/or tripolyphosphates.
• Suitable builders are therefore alkali metal carbonates, preferably selected from potassium carbonate, mixtures of alkali metal hydroxides, preferably selected from potassium hydroxide, with phosphoric acid and/or with boric acid, and alkali metal tripolyphosphates, preferably selected from potassium tripolyphosphate.
• a beneficial factor for good degreasing performance is the presence of surface-active substances. These substances are not formed as anionic fatty acids in the system tank through saponification of the oils adhering to the components, but are already formulated into the cleaner to impart a more extensive emulsifying effect.
• surface-active substances known in the art that are capable of emulsifying non-polar components in a continuous aqueous phase are suitable. These include anionic surfactants, but especially non-ionic surfactants (nonionic surfactants).
• the alkaline aqueous cleaner therefore contains at least one further nonionic surfactant, which differs from the surfactants according to components (i) and (ii), and has an HLB value above 10.0, preferably above 11.0, particularly preferably above 12.0.
• ML corresponds to the molar mass of the lipophilic group of the nonionic surfactant
• M to the molar mass of the nonionic surfactant.
• Fatty amine alkoxylates and/or fatty alcohol alkoxylates have proven to be well suited for degreasing, so that this type of nonionic surfactant is preferred according to the invention.
• Said additional non-ionic surfactant can be selected from fatty amine alkoxylates having at least 8 but fewer than 14 EO units, which in turn are preferably selected from fatty amine ethoxylates having at least 10 but no more than 16 carbon atoms in the aliphatic (hydrophobic) radical. 12-fold ethoxylated coconut amine is most preferably present in the alkaline cleaner.
• At least one fatty alcohol alkoxylate is preferably present in the alkaline aqueous cleaner of the process according to the invention, which has at least 6, but fewer than 10 EO units, which in turn is preferably selected from fatty alcohol ethoxylates with at least 10, but not more than 16 carbon atoms in the aliphatic radical.
• isododecan-1-ol 8-fold ethoxylated isododecan-1-ol, 1-dodecanol, isotridecan-1-ol, 1-tridecanol, tetradecan-1-ol and/or isotetradecan-1-ol is present in the alkaline cleaner.
• the proportion of the other nonionic surfactants in the alkaline cleaner of the process according to the invention is preferably at least 0.5 g/kg, particularly preferably at least 1.0 g/kg, especially preferably at least 2 g/kg and most preferably at least 3 g/kg based on the cleaner composition.
• the cleaner comprises less than 15 wt.%, preferably less than 10 wt.%, more preferably less than 5 wt.%, even more preferably less than 3 wt.%, in each case based on the total weight of the cleaner, of further fatty alcohol alkoxylates as nonionic surfactants with a degree of alkoxylation of ⁇ 8 EO.
• the alkaline cleaner for use in a process according to the invention typically originates from a cleaner concentrate, with which the cleaner's system tank is prefilled and the application bath is ultimately prepared by dilution.
• concentrate refers to all concentrated compositions containing one or more active components of the alkaline cleaner, through which a ready-to-use alkaline cleaner can be produced simply by mixing with one another and diluting with water, for example, surface and/or groundwater treated as industrial water, water with a specific conductivity of less than 10 ⁇ Scm -1 , or deionized water ( ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ Scm -1 ).
• the concentrate is therefore also suitable for refining the application bath as a whole or individual active components during the degreasing process of an entire series of components.
• a preferred method within the scope of the present invention is characterized in that the cleaner, as described above, comprises additional surfactants, preferably with defoaming properties.
• Suitable surfactants with defoaming properties can be, for example, alkoxylated fatty alcohols.
• a surfactant is a surface-active organic compound that reduces the surface tension or interfacial tension between two liquids (e.g., between water and non-polar oils) and aggregates in bulk phases to form micelle colloids or lyotropic mesophases.
• surfactants are amphiphilic molecules, meaning they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts. This allows them to interact with both water and oils/lipids.
• Surfactants can be characterized by The charge of their hydrophilic parts can be divided into anionic, cationic, non-ionic and zwitterionic surfactants.
• a surfactant is considered to have defoaming properties if it is capable of bringing the cloud point of the cleaner into the range of the application temperature, thereby reducing the cleaner's tendency to foam.
• Suitable surfactants with defoaming properties can be, for example, alkoxylated fatty alcohols.
• each of the components (i) to (iii) represents an essential feature of the compositions according to the invention.
• the phrase (or similar phrases) "based on the total weight of components (i) to (iii)" should be understood to refer to the combined total weight of those components (i) to (iii) that are actually present in a particular composition.
• the phrase "based on the total weight of components (i) to (iii)” corresponds to the combined total weight of components (i) and (ii). This means that this phrase should not be understood to mean that each of the components (i) to (iii) must be present (unless they have been identified as essential), but rather to mean the combined total weight of those of these components that are actually present in a particular composition.
• the amounts are expressed in weight percent (wt%), for example based on the total weight of the components present in the composition (e.g., the total weight of the surfactants and foaming agents included), the combined amounts, expressed in wt%, of each of the individual components present in the composition may not exceed 100 wt%.
• liquid includes liquids and gels, as well as pasty compositions. This statement refers, unless otherwise stated, to standard conditions.
• the liquid compositions are preferably flowable and pourable under standard conditions; however, it is also possible for them to be a non-Newtonian fluid with a yield point, i.e., the fluid is pseudoplastic (increasing viscosity with increasing shear forces) or dilatant (increasing viscosity with increasing shear rate) fluid.
• solid refers to compounds/compositions that are solid under standard conditions, ie the said compounds/compositions are neither in liquid nor in in gaseous form.
• the solids are preferably in powder, granulate, or compact form.
• standard conditions are synonymous with "normal temperature and pressure", which are defined as a temperature of 21 ⁇ 1 °C and an absolute pressure of 101.325 kPa (1 atm).
• atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kPa.
• room or ambient temperature is 21 ⁇ 1 °C.
• the term "essentially free” refers to the fact that the compound/solvent/etc. from which the composition or material in question is essentially free may nevertheless be present in small amounts (e.g., as impurities in other components present in the composition in question—for example, commercially available solvents may contain small amounts of, for example, acetone or methyl ethyl ketone as undesirable impurities) that do not affect the desired properties attributed to the compositions of the present technology.
• "Essentially free” in this context may mean that the compound, solvent, etc.
• composition or material in question from which the composition or material in question is essentially free may be present in an amount of 1000 ppm or less, 750 ppm or less, 500 ppm or less, 300 ppm or less, 200 ppm or less, 100 ppm or less, 50 ppm or less, or 10 ppm or less.
• range is continuous and includes both the minimum and maximum values of the range, as well as every value between those minimum and maximum values.
• a range refers to whole numbers, every whole number between the minimum and maximum values of such a range is included.
• multiple ranges are specified to describe a feature or characteristic, those ranges may be combined. This means that, unless expressly stated otherwise, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood as including all subranges contained therein.
• a specified range of "1 to 10" is to be understood as including all subranges between the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10, including the values 1 and 10.
• Exemplary subranges of the range 1 to 10 include, but are not limited to, 1 to 6.1, 3.5 to 7.8, and 5.5 to 10.
• the disclosed upper and lower limits for amount, range, and ratio may be combined independently of one another.
• At least one includes, but is not limited to, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more.
• the statement refers to the type of ingredient and not to the absolute number of molecules.
• at least one alcohol means at least one type of alcohol, meaning that it can refer to one type of alcohol or a mixture of several different alcohols.
• molar mass data always refer to the weight-average molar mass (Mw).
• the number-average and weight-average molecular weights can be determined, for example, by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) according to DIN 55672-1:2007-08 using THF as eluent.
• the tested surfactants contain 2-ethylhexanol as the fatty alcohol, which was functionalized with EO and PO.
• the EO/PO functionalization is summarized in Table 1.
• Table 1 tested surfactants fatty alcohol component EO units PO units EO:PO
• Surfactant 1 2-Ethylhexanol (i) 5 4 1.25:1
• Surfactant 2 2-Ethylhexanol (i) 4 3 1.33:1
• Surfactant 3 2-Ethylhexanol (ii) 4 4 1:1
• Table 2 Overview of the components of the surfactant mixtures used in wt-% Surfactant 1 Surfactant 2 Surfactant 3 Surfactant 4 Surfactant (comparison) Surfactant with defoaming properties
• Example 1 100 Example 2 86 14 Example 3 90 10
• Example 4 35 65
• Example 5 100
• Example 6 100
• Example 8 50
• Example 9 50 30 16 4
• the comparison surfactant is coconut amine, which is alkoxylated with about 12 ethylene oxide units.
• the defoamer is an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymer based on a C13/C15 alcohol.
• Cleaning compositions containing the surfactant mixtures listed in Table 2 were provided for the bath.
• the cleaning compositions include the components shown in Table 3.
• Table 3 Overview of the components of the cleaning compositions ingredient Percentage in wt.% demineralized water 98.89 KOH 0.2 NaOH 0.2 HEDP (hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid) 0.06 Potassium carbonate 0.2 modified maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer (Mw 3000g/mol) 0.15 Surfactant mixture according to Examples 1 to 8 0.3
• the cleaning performance was determined using a SITA CleanoSpector (SITA Messtechnik GmbH).
• SITA CleanoSpector SITA Messtechnik GmbH
• the fluorescence of a layer of dirt is stimulated by a UV light source, and a photodiode in the sensor head of the SITA CleanoSpector measures the intensity of the radiation emitted by the fluorescence at a specific wavelength in the blue light range. The higher the measured intensity, the more severe the surface contamination. Organic substances such as oils exposed to UV light exhibit intrinsic fluorescence. This makes it possible to determine the degree of contamination.
• the resulting RFU value is acceptable if it is below 10.
• the degreased panel is completely immersed in a container at room temperature for 1 minute and then rinsed with deionized water ( ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ Scm -1 ).
• the container has a continuous fresh water supply (process water) of 120 ⁇ 20 L/h (the quantity is determined by calibrating). Wettability is assessed after the panel is removed.
• a continuous water film should be maintained for 10 seconds after removal, with the panel remaining vertical during this time.
• the water-wettable surface is expressed as a percentage of the total surface. Water wettability is "OK" if the entire surface remains completely wetted (100%) for at least 10 seconds after cleaning and subsequent rinsing with water.
• the stability of the diluted cleaning composition was determined visually. A non-homogeneous solution or a solution with phase separation was considered unstable (stability not OK).
• the cleaning performance was considered acceptable if, after 60 seconds of treatment, less than 15 mg/ m2 of carbon residue was detected.
• the amount of carbon remaining on the surface of the coating is determined after pyrolytic decomposition. For this purpose, a sheet metal section of a defined area is heated to a substrate temperature (PMT) of 550°C in an oxygen atmosphere in a furnace. The amount of released carbon dioxide is quantitatively determined as the amount of carbon using an infrared sensor and the LECOO RC-412 Multiphase Carbon Determinator (Leco Corp.).
• Table 4 Results of the cleaning test with the cleaning compositions comprising the surfactant mixtures according to Examples 1 to 9 Cleaning performance Water wettability RFU value stability
• Example 1 OK OK OK ni O.
• Example 2 OK OK OK OK ni O.
• Example 3 ni O. ni O. ni O.
• OK Example 4
• OK Example 5
• OK Example 6
• OK Example 7 OK OK OK OK OK
• Example 8 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK.
• Examples 3 to 6 are stable. However, their cleaning performance is sufficient.
• examples 1 and 2 have good cleaning performance, whereas their stability is insufficient.

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• 2024
  • 2024-04-19 EP EP24171399.9A patent/EP4636064A1/fr active Pending
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  • 2025-04-02 WO PCT/EP2025/058956 patent/WO2025219080A1/fr active Pending

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