Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F7/00—Ventilation
  • F24F7/02—Roof ventilation
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
  • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
  • E05F15/50—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using fluid-pressure actuators
  • E05F15/53—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using fluid-pressure actuators for swinging wings
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
  • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
  • E05F15/70—Power-operated mechanisms for wings with automatic actuation
  • E05F15/72—Power-operated mechanisms for wings with automatic actuation responsive to emergency conditions, e.g. fire
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
  • F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
  • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
  • E05Y2201/23—Actuation thereof
  • E05Y2201/232—Actuation thereof by automatically acting means
  • E05Y2201/236—Actuation thereof by automatically acting means using force or torque
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
  • E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
  • E05Y2201/43—Motors
  • E05Y2201/448—Fluid motors; Details thereof
  • E05Y2201/458—Valves
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2400/00—Electronic control; Electrical power; Power supply; Power or signal transmission; User interfaces
  • E05Y2400/10—Electronic control
  • E05Y2400/40—Control units therefor
  • E05Y2400/41—Control units therefor for multiple motors
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
  • E05Y2800/20—Combinations of elements
  • E05Y2800/21—Combinations of elements of identical elements, e.g. of identical compression springs
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
  • E05Y2800/25—Emergency conditions
  • E05Y2800/252—Emergency conditions the elements functioning only in case of emergency
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
  • E05Y2800/40—Physical or chemical protection
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
  • E05Y2800/40—Physical or chemical protection
  • E05Y2800/404—Physical or chemical protection against component faults or failure
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
  • E05Y2800/40—Physical or chemical protection
  • E05Y2800/414—Physical or chemical protection against high or low temperatures
  • E05Y2800/416—Physical or chemical protection against high or low temperatures against fire
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
  • E05Y2800/40—Physical or chemical protection
  • E05Y2800/42—Physical or chemical protection against smoke or gas
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
  • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
  • E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
  • E05Y2900/148—Windows
  • E05Y2900/152—Roof windows
  • E05Y2900/154—Skylights

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a natural smoke and heat exhaust device and a smoke and heat exhaust system comprising several natural smoke and heat exhaust devices.
• a natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator also known as a natural smoke and heat exhaust vent, typically comprises a pneumatic cylinder designed to open an opening device, such as a roof skylight or a hatch, in the event of a fire in order to discharge hot and toxic smoke and fire gases from a building.
• Compressed gases such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen, which are stored in a gas cylinder, are typically used as the energy source for the pneumatic cylinder.
• a trigger unit of the natural smoke and heat exhaust vent releases the gas cylinder, allowing the gas stored therein to flow via a corresponding line to a piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder.
• the pneumatic cylinder connected to the closed opening device, comprises a piston connected to a piston rod, which is movably arranged within a cylinder tube of the pneumatic cylinder.
• the piston together with the cylinder tube and a base cover of the pneumatic cylinder, defines a piston chamber.
• the gas stored in the gas cylinder flows into the piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder after being triggered by a trigger unit, as a result of which the pressure in the piston chamber increases.
• a force generated by the increase in pressure acts on a base of the piston, causing the piston to move towards a cover of the pneumatic cylinder and the opening device connected to the piston rod to normally open.
• the volume of the piston chamber increases, gradually reducing the pressure within the piston chamber and thus the force acting on the base of the piston.
• the amount of gas stored in the gas cylinder is therefore crucial for the pressure acting on the base. of the piston.
• the opening device can only be opened by means of the gas stored in the gas container if the force counteracting the force acting on the base of the piston is smaller than the force acting on the base of the piston.
• the force generated by the gas in the piston chamber may not be sufficient to open the opening device in the event of a fire.
• the hot and toxic smoke and fire gases would not be able to be expelled from the building. Instead, the smoke would make it difficult or hinder the visibility of escape routes within the building and the rescue of people inside the building.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a novel natural smoke and heat exhaust device which solves the aforementioned problem.
• the natural smoke and heat exhaust device comprises a pneumatic cylinder configured to open an opening device. Furthermore, the natural smoke and heat exhaust device has a first line connected to the pneumatic cylinder, a first gas container arranged in the first line, and a secondary line connected to the first line. Furthermore, the natural smoke and heat exhaust device comprises a second gas container arranged in the secondary line, a triggering unit associated with the first gas container, configured to trigger the first gas container upon the occurrence of a predetermined condition, and a pressure valve arranged in the secondary line, wherein the pressure valve is configured to trigger the second gas container at a predetermined pressure within the secondary line.
• the natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device advantageously allows for the use of only one triggering unit, which triggers the first gas cylinder when a predetermined condition occurs.
• the amount of gas available to generate power for the pneumatic cylinder is increased, so that the pneumatic cylinder can move larger loads or overcome greater forces in the event of a fire, and the opening device can be opened despite the greater loads or forces acting on it, in order to discharge hot and toxic smoke and fire gases from a building.
• the first gas cylinder triggered in the event of a fire, increases the pressure in the first line and in the secondary line connected to the first line by the gas released in the first gas cylinder.
• the pressure valve arranged within the secondary line triggers the second gas cylinder.
• the gas stored in the first gas cylinder flows via the first line into a piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder.
• the gas stored in the second gas cylinder also flows via the secondary line and the first line into the piston chamber. This increases the pressure in the piston chamber and consequently the force acting on the base of a piston of the pneumatic cylinder.
• the natural smoke and heat exhaust device can maintain the pressure within the piston chamber in the event of a fire by increasing the gas quantity, even when the natural smoke and heat exhaust device is designed in accordance with standards.
• the gas quantity can be doubled by using identical gas cylinders for the first gas cylinder and the second gas cylinder.
• the second gas container can be selected such that it can store twice the amount of gas compared to the first gas container.
• a reversed configuration of the two gas containers is also possible.
• multiple pneumatic cylinders connected to the first line to be used.
• two pneumatic cylinders could be used, each arranged in an edge region of the opening device.
• a check valve can be arranged within the secondary line, which is designed to prevent gas from flowing from the first line into the secondary line in a predetermined direction.
• the secondary line may extend from a first branching point of the first line to a second branching point of the first line.
• the check valve may be located downstream of the second gas container and between the second gas tank and the second branch point.
• the gas from the first gas cylinder does not impede the outflow of the gas stored in the second gas cylinder after the second gas cylinder is triggered by the pressure valve.
• the gas from the second gas cylinder can flow unhindered from the secondary line into the first line. Consequently, the gas from the second gas cylinder can mix with the gas from the first gas cylinder after the triggering in the first line.
• the natural smoke and heat exhaust device can comprise at least one additional gas container arranged in a further branch line.
• the natural smoke and heat exhaust device can comprise three, four, or five additional gas containers and three, four, or five additional branch lines.
• gas volume can be increased to increase the pressure in the piston chamber and thus increase the force acting on the piston base.
• additional gas cylinders allows for smaller and therefore more manageable gas cylinders. This can facilitate, for example, maintenance and replacement of the gas cylinders or installation of the natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation system.
• the gas containers can each be filled with carbon dioxide or nitrogen. This applies to the first and second gas containers as well as to the additional gas containers.
• the predetermined condition may relate to a trigger temperature.
• the trigger temperature is at least 50°C, preferably at least 68°C, particularly preferably at least 93°C.
• a melting piston of the trigger unit melts when the predetermined trigger temperature is reached, releasing a tensioned spring of the trigger unit and pressing a trigger unit needle into the first gas-filled gas container. Pressing the trigger unit needle into the first gas container releases the gas stored in the gas container.
• the predetermined condition may relate to a change in air composition in addition to or instead of the trigger temperature.
• the predetermined condition may alternatively or additionally be detected by a smoke detector.
• the predetermined pressure is at least 10 bar.
• Such a design makes it possible to use the natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device, or its opening device, for daily ventilation as well.
• a gas can be introduced into the first line for daily ventilation, which is then fed into the piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder to open the opening device.
• the pressure prevailing in the first line for daily ventilation must be less than 10 bar.
• the second gas cylinder is not triggered by the pressure valve.
• a smoke and heat extraction system can comprise several natural smoke and heat extraction devices according to the above-described
• the smoke and heat extraction system can also have additional energy sources by means of which the opening device of the smoke and heat extraction devices can be opened.
• additional energy sources For example, larger gas cylinders can be used as additional energy sources. These cylinders are arranged in a specially protected space and can be used to control all or selected smoke and heat extraction devices.
• FIG. 2 A natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device 1 is shown in accordance with standards according to an embodiment of the prior art.
• the natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device 1 according to the prior art comprises a pneumatic cylinder 2 connected to an opening device (not shown), for example a skylight or a facade flap.
• the natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device 1 according to the prior art has a first line 3 connected to the pneumatic cylinder 2, which is connected to a first gas container 4.
• a trigger unit 7 associated with the first gas container 4 triggers the first gas container 4.
• a melting piston of the trigger unit 7 melts, whereby a tensioned spring of the trigger unit 7 is released and a needle of the trigger unit 7 is pressed into the first gas container 4, which is filled with a quantity of carbon dioxide of 120g.
• a tensioned spring of the trigger unit 7 is released and a needle of the trigger unit 7 is pressed into the first gas container 4, which is filled with a quantity of carbon dioxide of 120g.
• the pneumatic cylinder 2 which is connected to the closed opening device, comprises a piston connected to a piston rod, which is movably arranged within a cylinder tube of the pneumatic cylinder 2.
• the piston together with the cylinder tube and a bottom cover of the pneumatic cylinder 2, defines a piston chamber.
• the carbon dioxide stored in the gas container 4 flows into the piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder 2 after being triggered by the trigger unit 7.
• the pressure in the piston chamber increases.
• a force generated by the increase in pressure acts on a bottom of the piston, causing the piston to move towards a cover of the pneumatic cylinder 2 and normally opening the opening device connected to the piston rod.
• the volume of the piston chamber increases, gradually reducing the pressure within the piston chamber and thus the force acting on the base of the piston.
• the amount of carbon dioxide stored in the first gas container 4 therefore determines the force acting on the base of the piston.
• the opening device can only be opened using the carbon dioxide stored in the first gas container 2 if the force counteracting the force acting on the base of the piston is smaller than the force acting on the base of the piston. Therefore, if there is a load on the opening device, such as a snow load in the case of a skylight, or if a force acts on the opening device, such as a force resulting from obstruction by tree branches or the like in the case of a facade flap, the force generated in the piston chamber by the 120g of carbon dioxide may not be sufficient to open the opening device in the event of a fire.
• the natural smoke and heat exhaust device 1 comprises, in addition to the components of the Fig.2
• the natural smoke and heat exhaust device 1 according to the prior art comprises further components.
• the natural smoke and heat exhaust device 1 according to the invention additionally comprises a first line 3 connected to the first line 3.
• a section of the first line 3 from the first gas container 4 to the first branching point is shorter in the present embodiment than a section of the first line 3 to the second branching point, but can also be longer.
• a pressure valve 5 a second gas container 6 and a check valve 9 are arranged in the following order.
• the first gas container 4 and the second gas container 6 are each filled with 120g of carbon dioxide.
• the filling factor of the two gas containers 4, 6 is each 0.58kg/l at a maximum ambient temperature of 93°C.
• the 120g of carbon dioxide stored in the second gas container 6 flows from the second gas container 6 in the direction of the second branching point into the first line 3, where it mixes with the carbon dioxide from the first gas container 4.
• the check valve 9 ensures that the carbon dioxide released from the first gas container 4 does not impede the outflow of the carbon dioxide from the second gas container 6 from the second gas container 6 into the first line 1.
• a total amount of 240g of carbon dioxide flows into the piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder 2.
• the pressure in the piston chamber and the force acting on the piston crown increase.
• the force generated is higher than the force by means of the Fig. 2
• the pressure can be generated by the natural smoke and heat exhaust device 1 shown in accordance with the prior art.
• natural smoke and heat exhaust devices or their opening devices can be opened, even though the opening device is subjected to greater external loads or forces.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
• Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
• Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Parent Applications (2)

Publications (2)

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ID=82493710

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Family Applications Before (1)

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Family Cites Families (5)

• 2021
  • 2021-12-02 DE DE102021005961.1A patent/DE102021005961B3/de active Active
• 2022
  • 2022-11-24 EP EP22209320.5A patent/EP4191010B1/fr active Active
  • 2022-11-24 EP EP25200195.3A patent/EP4636210A3/fr active Pending
  • 2022-11-24 PL PL22209320.5T patent/PL4191010T3/pl unknown

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