EP4659346A1 - Installation de production d'énergie renouvelable - Google Patents

Installation de production d'énergie renouvelable

Info

Publication number
EP4659346A1
EP4659346A1 EP24702989.5A EP24702989A EP4659346A1 EP 4659346 A1 EP4659346 A1 EP 4659346A1 EP 24702989 A EP24702989 A EP 24702989A EP 4659346 A1 EP4659346 A1 EP 4659346A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic modules
outer walls
space
enclosed
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP24702989.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Hierl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swh Innovations GmbH
Original Assignee
Swh Innovations GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102023102730.1A external-priority patent/DE102023102730A1/de
Application filed by Swh Innovations GmbH filed Critical Swh Innovations GmbH
Publication of EP4659346A1 publication Critical patent/EP4659346A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • H02S10/12—Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/10—Supporting structures directly fixed to the ground
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/42—Cooling means
    • H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plant for generating renewable energy, in particular for generating electrical power from sunlight.
  • systems for generating renewable energy There are many different types of systems for generating renewable energy. Examples of systems for generating renewable energy include wind turbines and photovoltaic systems, but also solar thermal systems for generating heat from sunlight or geothermal systems for generating heat from the ground.
  • Photovoltaic systems typically comprise an arrangement of photovoltaic modules, which in turn are made up of solar cells.
  • the surface of the photovoltaic modules formed by the solar cells is typically flat and enclosed by a frame.
  • Photovoltaic modules are often mounted on roofs on frameworks in open-air systems.
  • DE 20 2022 002 406 U1 discloses a greenhouse in which the wall and/or roof consist, at least in part, of plate-shaped photovoltaic thermal collectors (PVT collectors).
  • PVT collectors plate-shaped photovoltaic thermal collectors
  • Photovoltaic thermal collectors are composites of plates made of a material that is transparent to light with solar cells and media-carrying lines.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a plant for generating renewable energy which is suitable for installation on a limited area.
  • a system for generating renewable energy which comprises photovoltaic modules and a support structure for the photovoltaic modules.
  • the support structure encloses a room and, together with the photovoltaic modules, forms at least six, preferably eight or more outer walls which define an at least hexagonal, preferably octagonal or polygonal floor plan of the enclosed room.
  • the surface normals defined by the photovoltaic modules on the outer walls point in at least six, preferably octagonal or more different directions defined by the at least hexagonal, preferably octagonal or polygonal floor plan.
  • the individual angles are ideally identical; for example, a 10-corner corner has a 36-degree change in direction from its neighbor and the total alignment of all photovoltaic modules is 360°.
  • a spherical arrangement of the photovoltaic modules would be optimal in this regard.
  • the photovoltaic modules are also attached to the supporting structure in such a way that the photovoltaic modules are ventilated on their rear side facing the interior of the enclosed space so that they can be cooled by an air flow.
  • the photovoltaic modules are provided on all external walls - i.e. on all sides.
  • each external wall is formed or covered by at least 80% photovoltaic modules, i.e. all external walls preferably have the same number of (similar) photovoltaic modules. The latter is advantageous in view of the desired almost constant output power over many hours of a day.
  • photovoltaic modules in open-air systems can be optimally aligned to the sun and can even be tracked if necessary
  • the alignment on house roofs is largely determined by the alignment of the respective roof surface or facade.
  • the yield that can be achieved with a photovoltaic system depends, among other things, on the alignment of its photovoltaic modules. With photovoltaic modules aligned in the same direction, the photovoltaic modules deliver maximum electrical output precisely when the solar radiation is at the smallest angle to the surface normal of the photovoltaic modules - i.e. exactly once a day.
  • the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic modules is approximately constant over several hours of a day because the photovoltaic modules - or more precisely: their surface normals - are aligned in at least six different directions.
  • the area of the system according to the invention that is directly illuminated during the day is the daily cycle remains almost constant because the outer walls of the inventive plant for generating renewable energy with its photovoltaic modules form a versatile prism that is close to a cylindrical shape.
  • the system for generating renewable energy according to the invention also has north-facing photovoltaic modules that are hardly exposed to direct sunlight and therefore produce a comparatively low yield.
  • the less productive photovoltaic modules mean that the system for generating renewable energy according to the invention produces an almost constant output over a significant part of a day, with changing directions of incidence of sunlight and changing positions of the sun.
  • the preferred vertical orientation of the outer walls also contributes to this, which represents a departure from the otherwise preferred orientation at a 35° angle and means that the light of the low sun in the morning and evening is used better than the light of the sun at midday.
  • the all-round arrangement of the photovoltaic modules has the advantage that parts of the direct radiation from the sun, over the course of the day, i.e. when the sun azimuth varies depending on the time of day, fall on an almost constantly equal-sized directly illuminated area on the photovoltaic modules of the inventive system for generating renewable energy.
  • a cylinder-like arrangement e.g. 6-cornered
  • photovoltaic modules in a conical-like arrangement as a type of roof above the side walls without projecting laterally over the side walls
  • an almost constant, consistent total output power supplied by the photovoltaic modules is achieved over the course of the day, even when the sun's height changes depending on the time of day.
  • This diffuse radiation is received equally by all photovoltaic modules and thus the photovoltaic modules facing away from the sun in winter are able to make the same contribution as the south-facing modules.
  • the sum of direct and diffuse radiation is the total radiation and it is precisely this use that is maximized by the present invention for the maximum possible annual yield when using diffuse radiation through all-round module alignment (the entire hemisphere emits diffuse radiation).
  • direct solar radiation the sun varies over the course of the day in two sizes, the solar azimuth (compass direction) and the solar altitude (at midday at the zenith).
  • the almost constant output power over as long a portion of the day as possible means that the output power can be used more efficiently because all electrical consumers and the inverters do not have to be designed in relation to the possible peak power of all photovoltaic modules taken together, but rather to the total power of the inventive system for generating renewable energy, which results from the non-optimal alignment of many photovoltaic modules and which is relatively constant over many hours of a given day.
  • a system for generating renewable energy which comprises one or more inverters which are electrically connected to the photovoltaic modules and which together are designed for an electrical output which less than 50% of the peak electrical output of all photovoltaic modules combined.
  • the yield is significantly higher than that which can be achieved with a photovoltaic system of the same footprint with tracking photovoltaic modules ("mover"), since the total area of the photovoltaic modules of the system according to the invention for generating renewable energy is larger than that of a photovoltaic system with tracking photovoltaic modules.
  • the photovoltaic modules are arranged in such a way that they do not shade each other and are therefore spaced horizontally apart from each other.
  • the system according to the invention for generating renewable energy can even achieve an annual yield that is more than twice as high as that of a photovoltaic system with tracking photovoltaic modules, which is due to the proportion of diffuse radiation which a photovoltaic system with tracking photovoltaic modules cannot use to any significant extent due to the small active photovoltaic module area.
  • the radiation-receiving area of all photovoltaic modules available for photovoltaics is approximately 4 to 5 times larger than the base area of the system according to the invention for generating renewable energy.
  • the system according to the invention for generating renewable energy thus offers two main advantages over known photovoltaic systems: firstly, electrical energy can be generated with a significantly higher area-specific yield (relative to the base area of the system according to the invention for generating renewable energy) and secondly, this energy can be generated very continuously, i.e. with uniform output, on sunny days over the course of a day.
  • the side walls of the supporting structure are vertical and at least approximately form a cylinder and if a preferably provided roof structure with photovoltaic modules forms a cone or truncated cone with an almost circular cross-section. If there is a hole in the tip of the cone for a wind turbine, the overall daily course of the generated electrical power can be "set" to horizontal again by the angle of inclination of the photovoltaic modules in the tip of the cone (ie the roof structure), thus achieving an almost constant output.
  • the supporting structure together with the photovoltaic modules forms at least six, preferably eight or more outer walls, which define an at least hexagonal, preferably octagonal or polygonal floor plan of the enclosed space.
  • the floor plan preferably has the shape of a regular polygon and thus comes close to the shape of a cylinder.
  • the ratio of the height of the external walls - without the preferably provided slanted photovoltaic modules of a roof structure - to the diameter of the floor plan is preferably between 0.75 and 1.25. This ratio is particularly advantageous in combination with a roof structure equipped with photovoltaic modules because it results in the desired output power that is almost constant over several hours of a day, since the photovoltaic modules of the roof structure compensate for a reduced output power of the other photovoltaic modules when the sun is very high at midday in summer.
  • the external walls that define the floor plan of the enclosed space are vertical, rectangular and adjacent to each other.
  • the outer walls define a floor plan with a maximum outer diameter of less than 5 m, preferably less than 4 m.
  • the supporting structure comprises a roof structure that supports inclined photovoltaic modules that are oriented in different directions.
  • the system comprises an air heat pump which, during operation, is fed by air flowing along the inside of the photovoltaic modules, cooling the photovoltaic modules and thus preheating them.
  • the air heat pump can be operated with a particularly favorable COP (coefficient of performance), so that a comparatively large amount of heat can be generated with the electricity driving the air heat pump.
  • the heat output emitted by the air heat pump can, for example, correspond to four to five times the electrical power required to drive the air heat pump.
  • Air heat pump here refers to all heat pumps that use air as a heat source and includes all air heat pump designs such as monoblock and split designs.
  • the outer walls are provided with air ducts, for example flow channels, for rear ventilation of the photovoltaic modules, which are arranged and configured such that air is guided against the direction of convection along the back of the photovoltaic modules and to the air heat pump.
  • air ducts for example flow channels
  • the movement of the air against the direction of convection is preferably caused by a fan or blower of the air heat pump.
  • the additional yield achieved by cooling the photovoltaic modules exceeds the power required to operate the fan for heat pump operation (e.g. 1.2 kWh), or pure cooling operation with reduced fan speed (0.5 kWh).
  • the significantly greater benefit is the additional heat energy that can be made available to the heat pump for domestic water heating in summer.
  • This additional usable heat energy leads to a reduction in the electrical energy required to operate the heat pump with a constant heat requirement.
  • the additional usable heat energy results from the air preheated by cooling the photovoltaic modules.
  • a photovoltaic module cooled according to the invention has an annual increase in electricity yield of typically 5% to 10% compared to a system without photovoltaic modules cooled by ambient air.
  • the electrical requirement of the fan, which is necessary to generate the forced flow is ideally speed-controlled and operated in accordance with the cooling effect, unless the heat pump has an increased current heating requirement (e.g. hot water).
  • an apartment building with 48 residential units has an average hot water energy requirement of 550 kWh_th per day in summer.
  • a COP of 4 137.5 kWh_el would be required.
  • the COP can be increased to an average of 5. This means that only 110 kWh_el are required to cover the hot water energy requirement. This value also corresponds approximately to the daily yield of a system according to the invention for generating renewable energy.
  • the air heat pump is electrically connected to the photovoltaic modules in such a way that the air heat pump can be operated with electrical power generated by the photovoltaic modules. Due to the particularly favorable COP of the air heat pump in the intended arrangement, the result is a system that can provide heat particularly efficiently.
  • a gas storage unit namely a pressureless hydrogen or oxygen storage unit
  • the system preferably comprises an electrolyzer in order to generate hydrogen using photovoltaically generated electricity, which can be stored in the gas storage unit.
  • the hydrogen generated can also be used, for example with the help of a fuel cell, to generate and provide electricity even when the photovoltaics cannot provide any or sufficient electrical power, e.g. on winter days.
  • the system according to the invention for generating renewable energy delivers an almost constant electrical output power over many hours of the day.
  • the system according to the invention for generating renewable energy can be designed in conjunction with an electrolyzer so that the power requirement of the electrolyzer during its optimal operation corresponds to the almost constant electrical output power of the system according to the invention for generating renewable energy over many hours of the day. This allows the electrolyzer to be operated at around 3000 full load hours over the course of a year, whereas with conventional photovoltaic systems in conjunction with an electrolyzer this is only around 1000 full load hours per year.
  • a further advantageous aspect is that the ventilation of the unpressurized hydrogen storage system by the air being guided along the inside of the photovoltaic modules to cool them increases the safety of the operation of the unpressurized hydrogen storage system, because any hydrogen escaping through leaks is inevitably diluted to such an extent that it can be easily detected and thus no danger arises.
  • a system with a supporting structure of the type described here and photovoltaic modules attached to it, as well as a gas storage unit and an electrolyzer, represents an independent inventive concept that can also be implemented independently of other aspects described here, such as the air cooling of the photovoltaic modules.
  • a system for generating renewable energy which comprises photovoltaic modules and a support structure for the photovoltaic modules, wherein the support structure encloses a space and, together with the photovoltaic modules, forms outer walls of the enclosed space, the surface normals of which, defined by the photovoltaic modules, point in at least three different directions.
  • a gas storage unit is arranged in the enclosed space and the system comprises an electrolyzer which is electrically connected to the photovoltaic modules in such a way that the electrolyzer can be operated with electrical current generated by the photovoltaic modules and generates hydrogen during operation.
  • the gas storage unit is preferably enclosed in a flexible, gas-tight envelope like a balloon and thus has a variable internal volume which is completely filled with hydrogen or oxygen during operation.
  • a fuel cell can be operated with pure oxygen during reconversion to electricity, resulting in increased efficiency, gentler operation and a longer service life than when using ambient air with its potential contamination, e.g. active harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide or other gases that damage catalysts.
  • a system comprising both at least one hydrogen storage facility and at least one oxygen storage facility is equipped with an electrolyzer that generates hydrogen and oxygen simultaneously. When water is electrolyzed, two parts hydrogen (H2) and one part oxygen (O2) are produced.
  • the system comprises a wind turbine that has a mast that runs through the center of the space enclosed by the outer walls.
  • the mast of the wind turbine is preferably a telescopic mast, with the help of which the wind turbine can optionally assume a retracted state in which the wind turbine is located within the space enclosed by the outer walls and possibly a roof structure, and an extended state in which the wind turbine is located outside the space enclosed by the outer walls and possibly a roof structure.
  • Figure 1a a side view of a plant according to the invention for generating renewable energy with an extended wind turbine
  • Figure 1 b a side view of a plant according to the invention for generating renewable energy with retracted wind turbine
  • Figure 1c a perspective view of the plant according to the invention for generating renewable energy from Figures 1a and 1b;
  • Figure 2a a side view of an alternative system according to the invention for
  • Figure 2b a plan view of the plant according to the invention for generating renewable energy according to Figure 2a;
  • Figure 2c a perspective view of a system according to the invention for
  • Figure 3a - d Diagrams illustrating a typical course of the generated electrical power over different sunny days
  • Figure 5 a perspective view of a system according to the invention for
  • Figure 6 an alternative plant according to the invention for generating renewable energy in perspective view
  • Figures 7a, b two side views of the plant for generating renewable energy corresponding to Figures 1a and 1b;
  • Figures 8a, b two perspective views of a system with a wind turbine and a photovoltaic system
  • Figure 9 a schematic representation of a system according to the invention for
  • Figures 10a, b two diagrams to illustrate a ventilation system for photovoltaic modules in combination with an air heat pump
  • Figures 11 a, b two further views to illustrate the rear ventilation of the photovoltaic modules
  • Figures 12a, b two side views of two different plants according to the invention for generating renewable energy with integrated gas storage.
  • a system 10 for generating renewable energy has a supporting structure 12 with photovoltaic modules 14 attached to it.
  • the supporting structure 12 with the photovoltaic modules 14.1 forms outer walls 16 that enclose a room 18.
  • the outer walls 16 are vertical and define a polygonal floor plan.
  • a total of ten laterally adjacent, vertically standing outer walls 16 are provided, which define an overall decagonal floor plan.
  • Each outer wall 16 is formed by a corresponding supporting structure 12 and two photovoltaic modules 14 arranged one above the other.
  • the supporting structure 12 also forms a roof structure 20 that supports a total of five inclined photovoltaic modules 14.2.
  • the number of photovoltaic modules 14 shown in the example is a typical embodiment and depends on the dimensions and/or the space required at the installation site.
  • the side walls with the photovoltaic modules 14.1 form a regular prism, i.e. a straight prism with a regular polygon as the base.
  • the inclined photovoltaic modules 14.2 are preferably provided on the top of the prism.
  • the inclined photovoltaic modules 14.2 are preferably inclined at an angle of between 30° and 60° to the vertical.
  • the height of the side walls - these are the outer walls 16 - preferably corresponds approximately to the diameter of the floor plan, for example between 0.75 and 1.25 times the diameter of the floor plan.
  • a mast 24 for a wind turbine 26 ( Figures 1a and 1b) or 26' ( Figures 2a and 2b) can also be provided in the center of the enclosed space.
  • the wind turbine 26 or 26' is attached to the mast 24 or 24' in such a way that the wind turbine 26 or 26' can be moved up and down along the mast 24 or 24', so that the wind turbine 26 can assume a retracted position and an extended position.
  • the mast 24 or 24' can be a telescopic mast for this purpose. In the retracted position, the wind turbine 26 or 26' is located in the enclosed space 18, while the wind turbine 26 or 26' in its extended state is located above the roof structure 20.
  • the roof structure 20 encloses a central opening 28 through which the wind turbine 26 or 26' can be extended and retracted.
  • Figure 7a shows the wind turbine 26 in the extended state and
  • Figure 7b shows the wind turbine 26 in the retracted state.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a system 10 according to the invention for generating renewable energy, in which the supporting structure 12 supports the roof structure 20 with a total of five inclined photovoltaic modules 14.2 which enclose the central opening 28 through which the wind turbine 26 or 26' can be extended and retracted.
  • a roof structure 20' can also be provided which does not enclose a central opening, but is formed, for example, by six photovoltaic modules 14.2, as shown in Figure 6.
  • the floor plan defined by the walls 16 means that the outer surfaces of the photovoltaic modules 14.1 are oriented in practically all directions.
  • the decagonal floor plan is almost circular.
  • the orientation of the photovoltaic modules 14.1 in all directions means that the electrical power generated over the course of a sunny day does not just have a single narrow maximum around midday, but is almost constantly high over several hours, for example over eight hours.
  • the lower curve shows a typical course of the electrical power generated over a day when the power is generated by photovoltaic modules that are all oriented towards the south (and in the example case are inclined by 35° degrees). In this case, the highest electrical power is generated around midday. Since the angle of incidence of the sun changes over the course of the day, the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic modules aligned in this way also changes.
  • the arrangement of the photovoltaic modules according to the invention on vertical walls along an approximately circular floor plan - more precisely: along a floor plan in the form of a regular polygon - in combination with the inclined photovoltaic modules 14.2 of the roof structure 20 means that, as the angle of incidence of the sun changes over the course of the day, different photovoltaic modules repeatedly deliver their respective maximum electrical output at a different time of day. This leads to the approximately equal output shown in Figures 3a to 3d and in Figure 4 over the course of several hours.
  • the number of photovoltaic modules 14.1 on the side walls 16 and the number of photovoltaic modules 14.2 on the roof structure 20 also depends on the size of the system 10 for generating renewable energy. Typical sizes can be, for example, the following: 3.5 m diameter of the floor plan; the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2 have an installed capacity of approx. 10kWp and, when in operation, for example over a longer period of a sunny day, deliver around 4kW of electrical power;
  • the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2 have an installed capacity of approx. 97.5 kWp and deliver about 40kW of electrical power during operation, for example over a longer period of a sunny day,
  • the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2 have an installed capacity of approximately 1100kWp and, when in operation, for example over a longer period of a sunny day, deliver approximately 440kW of electrical power; see also Figures 12a and 12b, which show a system with gas storage for storing hydrogen produced by electrolysis during the sunny season.
  • the system for generating renewable energy is connected to at least one electrical consumer whose power consumption corresponds to the electrical power supplied by the system 10 for generating renewable energy. Then a significant extension of the regenerative full usage hours of solar energy can be achieved all year round, when the sun's equinoctial line is exceeded (in the period between March 21 and September 23), compared to elevated photovoltaic modules or inclined photovoltaic systems on a roof by more than 15%.
  • the wind turbine 26 or 26' which can be extended and retracted using the telescopic mast 24 or 24', also contributes to the fact that the system 10 can achieve a higher yield all year round than with single-sided, elevated photovoltaic modules.
  • a wind turbine typically delivers more energy in the winter months than in the sunny summer months. This means that, especially in combination with photovoltaic modules and air/water heat pumps, there are more possible hours of full use of solar and wind energy.
  • An alternative renewable energy generation system 10' comprises a wind turbine 26'" with a fixed tower 24'" around the base of which a supporting structure 12' with photovoltaic modules 14 attached thereto is arranged, which is similar to the renewable energy generation system 10 according to Figures 1 and 2; see Figures 8a and 8b.
  • the vertical side walls 16 forming a cylinder can be in In the embodiment shown, the roof structure 12' can support approximately 2000 modules and the roof structure, which forms a truncated cone, can support approximately 754 modules that enclose an opening through which the tower 24"' of the wind turbine 26"' protrudes.
  • the supporting structure 12' with the photovoltaic modules 14 attached to it also encloses an interior space 18, which can be used, for example, to store gaseous hydrogen.
  • FIGS 9, 10 and 11 show that on the inside of the walls 16 - i.e. on the back of the photovoltaic modules
  • a rear ventilation is provided for cooling the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2.
  • a rear wall 30 is preferably provided at a distance that promotes the air flow, so that a flow channel 32 is formed between the rear of the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2 and the rear wall 30.
  • This can be fluidically connected to the heat pump 22.
  • the heat pump 22 can already be operated with preheated air, so that the performance figure (COP: Coefficient of Performance) of the heat pump 22 is increased.
  • the heat pump is preferably designed as a monoblock or as a split device variant. At the same time, the efficiency of the photovoltaic modules is avoided
  • air guiding elements are preferably provided in the flow channel 32, which ensure turbulence in the flowing air. This increases the convective heat transfer coefficient between the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2 and the air flowing past.
  • the heat pump 22 is an air heat pump with a heat exchanger 22.1 and a fan 22.2
  • the rear wall 30 on the back of the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2 enables controlled ventilation of the PV modules. This increases the electrical efficiency with constant diffuse and direct sunlight, since photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2 have a PTC characteristic, i.e. the electrical (internal) resistance is lower at lower temperatures.
  • the rear walls 30 can also be designed to be thermally insulating, depending on the application.
  • the air is heated by heat transfer.
  • the air entering the outdoor unit can be preheated on the back of the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2 before entering the heat pump's evaporator, thereby increasing the efficiency of the heat pump 22 in sunlight/daylight. This makes it possible to reduce running time and save energy further.
  • Cooling air on the back of the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2 is sucked from top to bottom against the direction of convection.
  • air ducts e.g. flow channels, are provided on the back of the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2 through which the air is guided along the back of the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2.
  • the air duct can be formed, for example, by the rear wall 30.
  • the additional yield achieved by cooling the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2 exceeds the power required to operate the fan 22.2 for heat pump operation (e.g. 1.2 kWh), or pure cooling operation with reduced fan speed (0.5 kWh).
  • the significantly greater benefit is the additional heat energy that can be made available to the heat pump 22 for domestic water heating in summer.
  • This additional usable heat energy leads to a reduction in the electrical energy required to operate the heat pump with a constant heat requirement.
  • the additional usable heat energy results from the air preheated by cooling the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2. According to the example mentioned at the beginning, an apartment building with 48 residential units has an average hot water energy requirement of 550 kWh of heat energy per day in summer.
  • the annual performance factor of a heat pump of a system according to the invention for generating renewable energy thus reaches values that are comparable to a brine heat pump.
  • the cooling of the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2 can also be done by a fan or blower 34, whereby the electrical energy consumption should be lower than the additional gain in electrical energy achieved by cooling.
  • the interior space 18 can be used in a variety of ways; in smaller versions, it can be used as a storage room for garden tools, bicycles or similar everyday items. With monoblock heat pumps, the heat is transferred to the building via well-insulated, mostly underground pipes. In well-insulated buildings that have high solar radiation inputs, for example through south-facing windows, intermediate storage in a heat storage unit is recommended in order to temporarily store the solar yield from electricity to heat at night or until the next day. If it is not possible to install the heat storage unit inside the building, the interior space 18 can be used for this purpose.
  • volume increases to the third power when the diameter is doubled and the height is doubled. This means that the volume can ideally be used to store volatile solar and wind energy.
  • a large volume is ideal for energy storage with hydrogen, which has a low density at normal pressure.
  • a gas reservoir 36 for hydrogen or oxygen can be provided in the interior 18, see Figures 12a and 12b.
  • the gas reservoir 36 is preferably a pressureless gas reservoir.
  • the gas reservoir 36 can be a balloon with a small volume, see Figure 8b.
  • the gas reservoir 36 can have a rolling membrane that is loaded at the top with a weight plate (see Figure 8a), as can be found in gasometers, for example. Depending on the design, these can then also be found with slight overpressures, but up to a maximum of 50 mbar.
  • Other possible designs for the gas reservoir 36 are telescopic gas containers, bell-shaped gas containers, wet gas containers, disc gas containers, screw gas containers and spherical containers.
  • the rolling membrane 38 or the balloon envelope 38' are preferably formed from a gas-tight, flexible material web or film.
  • the system 10 is equipped with an electrolyzer 40.
  • This is electrically connected at least indirectly (e.g. via appropriate converter electronics or inverter) to the photovoltaic modules 14.1 and 14.2.
  • the electrolyzer is connected to the interior of the gas storage unit 36 via a gas line (not shown) in order to be able to feed hydrogen generated by the electrolyzer 40 into the gas storage unit 36.
  • the gas storage unit 36 can be connected to a further gas line (also not shown) in order to feed hydrogen contained in the gas storage unit 36, for example, to a fuel cell or a gas boiler, each of which is typically not a direct component of the system 10.
  • the electrolyzer 40 Since the gas storage 36 is pressureless and the hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer 40 does not have to be compressed, the electrolyzer 40 is able to fill the gas storage 36 directly.
  • the design and running time of the electrolyzer 40 allow the ⁇ production and thus the filling speed of the gas storage 36 to be specified directly.
  • a compressor does not need to be taken into account because it is not required.
  • the system shown in Figures 8a and 8b can also have a pressureless gas storage facility inside, as shown as an example in Figures 12a and 12b.
  • a pressureless gas storage facility inside, as shown as an example in Figures 12a and 12b.
  • electricity can also be generated from stored hydrogen via a fuel cell and then distributed via the local wind transformer into the public grid, industrial grid or even at e-charging stations as electricity generated from 100% renewable energy and used, for example, for recharging (DC).
  • DC recharging
  • such a plant for generating renewable energy is connected to one or more fuel cells, which can preferably provide heat for the buildings in the heating center, so that not only the electricity generated by the fuel cell and the hydrogen, but also the heat generated can be used.
  • fuel cells which can preferably provide heat for the buildings in the heating center, so that not only the electricity generated by the fuel cell and the hydrogen, but also the heat generated can be used.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation (10) de production d'énergie renouvelable comprenant des modules photovoltaïques (14.1,14,2) et une structure porteuse (12) destinée aux modules photovoltaïques (14.1,14,2). La structure porteuse (12) entoure un espace (18) et forme avec les modules photovoltaïques (14.1,14,2) des parois extérieures (16) de l'espace fermé (18), dont les normales à la surface définies par les modules photovoltaïques (14.1,14,2) présentent au moins trois points cardinaux différents. Les modules photovoltaïques (14.1,14,2) sont fixés à la structure porteuse (12) de telle sorte que les modules photovoltaïques (14.1,14,2) peuvent être refroidis par un flux d'air sur leur face arrière tournée vers l'intérieur de l'espace (18).
EP24702989.5A 2023-01-31 2024-01-31 Installation de production d'énergie renouvelable Pending EP4659346A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102023102363 2023-01-31
DE102023102730.1A DE102023102730A1 (de) 2023-01-31 2023-02-03 Anlage zum Gewinnen erneuerbarer Energie
PCT/EP2024/052391 WO2024160905A1 (fr) 2023-01-31 2024-01-31 Installation de production d'énergie renouvelable

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EP4659346A1 true EP4659346A1 (fr) 2025-12-10

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2225159C (fr) * 1996-12-19 2006-10-17 Showa Pole Co., Ltd. Poteau muni de piles solaires
KR20130123521A (ko) * 2012-05-03 2013-11-13 오명공 신재생에너지 공급의무화 제도 시행에 따른 발전부지가 필요없는 지방자치단체의 도로변 가로등 네트워크 전력망 등주 상부공간을 활용한 계통연계형 차세대 분산형 스마트에너지 발전공급시스템용 태양광 풍력 다방면 추적 융합발전시스템 및 그 제조방법
EP2948986B1 (fr) * 2013-01-22 2019-05-08 RGR Partners Finland Oy Panneau de production d'énergie, ainsi que système et procédé de production d'énergie hybride au moyen de la structure de panneau
EP2811607A1 (fr) * 2013-06-06 2014-12-10 Diehl AKO Stiftung & Co. KG Système énergétique local
US10756667B2 (en) * 2017-07-12 2020-08-25 Brian Iversen Solar cell pole mounting apparatus
WO2020133846A1 (fr) * 2018-12-26 2020-07-02 郑锋涛 Bases de module de panneau solaire, support de montage de panneau solaire et module de panneau solaire
DE202022002406U1 (de) 2022-11-05 2022-11-15 Ifl Ingenieurbüro Für Leichtbau Gmbh & Co Kg Gewächshaus mit wenigstens einer Wand und/oder einem Dach

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