EP4662436A1 - Procédé d'équipement d'un corps creux avec une barrière à hydrogène, et corps creux équipé de celle-ci - Google Patents

Procédé d'équipement d'un corps creux avec une barrière à hydrogène, et corps creux équipé de celle-ci

Info

Publication number
EP4662436A1
EP4662436A1 EP24706942.0A EP24706942A EP4662436A1 EP 4662436 A1 EP4662436 A1 EP 4662436A1 EP 24706942 A EP24706942 A EP 24706942A EP 4662436 A1 EP4662436 A1 EP 4662436A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow body
flexible carrier
hydrogen
wall
barrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP24706942.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Eisner
Johann EWENDER
Esra Kucukpinar
Stefan Schießl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP4662436A1 publication Critical patent/EP4662436A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L2011/047—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with a diffusion barrier layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0176—Shape variable
    • F17C2201/018—Shape variable with bladders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0621—Single wall with three layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0675—Synthetics with details of composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2109—Moulding
    • F17C2209/2118—Moulding by injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/224—Press-fitting; Shrink-fitting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/227—Assembling processes by adhesive means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for equipping a hollow body, for example a pipe or a tank made of steel or other metallic and/or non-metallic materials, with a hydrogen barrier which slows down the penetration of hydrogen into the material of the hollow body and/or the escape of hydrogen from the hollow body into the environment.
  • the invention also relates to a hollow body equipped with such a hydrogen barrier.
  • State of the art Tanks, pipelines and other hollow bodies which are filled with hydrogen under pressure (hereinafter also referred to as tanks) expand when subjected to an internal pressure of several 100 bar or when the temperature rises, and contract again when the pressure drops and/or cools down.
  • load changes These periodically occurring expansions are referred to below as load changes.
  • the specific change in the length or circumference of the inner wall of a tank in relation to the length and circumference before expansion can, depending on the material and the load, be a few tenths of a thousand to a few percent.
  • Hydrogen tanks particularly in mobile applications such as in motor vehicles, are also subjected to considerable mechanical stress from impacts and shocks (e.g. bumps in the road, potholes), which causes further mechanical load peaks.
  • impacts and shocks e.g. bumps in the road, potholes
  • the finest nano- or micro-cracks and defects form in the material over the service life, which enable hydrogen to penetrate quickly and, by providing new surface in the crack, also accelerate the diffusion of hydrogen into the material.
  • this process can lead to hydrogen penetrating deep into the structure of the steel, which can lead to hydrogen embrittlement of the material.
  • This embrittlement impairs the strength of the tank and, over a longer period of time and with many load cycles, can result in material failure and bursting.
  • One way to slow down the penetration of hydrogen and extend the service life of the components is to use coatings made of organic and inorganic materials that are applied to the inside or inner wall of the tank.
  • a disadvantage of coatings on the surface of the tank material is that after application, they are firmly and positively connected to the tank material and are immediately exposed to load changes and length changes.
  • the object of the present invention was to provide a method for equipping a hollow body and a hollow body with a functional and cost-effective hydrogen barrier, in particular also for mobile tanks, which can be easily applied to the inner wall of the hollow body, which can also be formed by a sequence of layers made of different noble metals and which does not lose its barrier effect in the event of thermal and mechanical load changes of the hollow body and in the event of impacts.
  • a functional and cost-effective hydrogen barrier in particular also for mobile tanks, which can be easily applied to the inner wall of the hollow body, which can also be formed by a sequence of layers made of different noble metals and which does not lose its barrier effect in the event of thermal and mechanical load changes of the hollow body and in the event of impacts.
  • a hollow body is equipped with a hydrogen barrier that prevents the penetration of hydrogen from the hydrogen-filled or hydrogen-filled flowed through cavity of the hollow body into the material of the hollow body.
  • a flexible carrier in the form of a bag or tube which can be made up of one or more layers of material and is provided on the inside and/or between individual layers of material with at least one layer or layer sequence forming a hydrogen barrier - alone or in combination with the carrier - is provided and introduced into a cavity of the hollow body.
  • the flexible carrier is dimensioned in terms of shape and size in such a way that when filled with hydrogen, even if the hollow body expands, it still rests against the inner wall of the hollow body without stress, i.e. free of tensile stresses that would lead to expansion of the carrier, or largely without stress.
  • Largely stress-free here means a tolerable low stress that does not impair the hydrogen barrier even with frequent (> 100) repeated pressure and temperature changes.
  • the hydrogen barrier is made of a flexible carrier made of one or more carrier materials, preferably one or more polymer films, in the form of a tube or bag (hereinafter referred to as bag or barrier bag), which is provided with one or more barrier layers made of inorganic and/or organic layers and which is either introduced into the hollow body in a freely movable manner or is connected to the inner wall of the hollow body, for example with the aid of adhesives or organic lacquers.
  • bag or barrier bag a flexible carrier made of one or more carrier materials, preferably one or more polymer films, in the form of a tube or bag (hereinafter referred to as bag or barrier bag), which is provided with one or more barrier layers made of inorganic and/or organic layers and which is either introduced into the hollow body in a freely movable manner or is connected to the inner wall of the hollow body, for example with the aid of adhesives or organic lacquers.
  • the hydrogen barrier preferably has a permeation rate for hydrogen of less than 9.10E+03 (cm3(STP)/(m2 ⁇ d ⁇ bar), particularly preferably of less than 5.00E+00 (cm3(STP)/(m2 ⁇ d ⁇ bar) – in each case measured at 60°C and 50% RH.
  • the hydrogen barrier is particularly advantageously designed as a multi-layer system made up of several organic and/or inorganic layers, which enables different metals to be applied in one barrier.
  • the flexible carrier with the hydrogen barrier is also referred to below as a flexible hydrogen barrier.
  • the shape and size of the flexible carrier are selected according to the invention such that the bag (for a hollow body open on one side, e.g.
  • a tank or hose (for a hollow body open on both sides, e.g. a pipe) rests against the inner wall of the hollow body without tension or at least largely without tension and preferably also without wrinkles when the hollow body expands, preferably at a maximum expansion occurring during use.
  • the maximum expansion of the hollow body occurring during intended use can be determined, estimated or calculated in advance.
  • the hollow body used in the proposed method is preferably designed in such a way that it can withstand internal pressures greater than atmospheric pressure, preferably greater than 1*10 4 hPa (10 bar), better greater than 2*10 4 hPa (20 bar), particularly preferably greater than 1*10 5 hPa (100 bar).
  • the hollow body is preferably a hydrogen tank or a hydrogen line.
  • the hollow body can be made of steel or a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), for example.
  • CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
  • the flexible hydrogen barrier is inserted into the interior or the cavity of the hollow body, e.g. a tank or a container, as a bag (or sack) or as a hose, depending on the design of the hollow body.
  • a pipeline optionally partially connected to the inner wall (e.g. by gluing), and only then is the hollow space of the hollow body filled with hydrogen and thus pressurized.
  • the dimensions of the barrier bag are designed in such a way that it can flexibly conform to the shape of the hollow body, which changes when it expands, and so the material of the bag - even at high pressure and/or increased temperature and thus when the hollow body expands - only rests on the wall and is not itself under tension, or only to a small extent.
  • the barrier layers attached to or in the wall of the bag or hose which can consist of layers of varying flexibility or brittleness, such as metals, oxides, composite paints, organic compounds, polymers (e.g. PE, PP, PA, EVOH, PVOH, PVDC, PVD, PEN), adhesives and other materials, are not or only slightly stressed mechanically.
  • the proposed hollow body with such a hydrogen barrier has a cavity for filling or flowing through with hydrogen, into which at least one flexible carrier made of one or more material layers in the form of a bag or tube is inserted, which is provided on the inside and/or between individual material layers with a layer or layer sequence forming a hydrogen barrier, and which, when filled with hydrogen to the inner wall of the hollow body.
  • the flexible carrier is dimensioned in such a way that when filled with hydrogen, it still rests against the inner wall of the hollow body without tension or largely without tension, even if the hollow body expands.
  • the "barrier system” can be decoupled from the “hollow body wall system” both mechanically, in terms of production technology and galvanically. It is particularly advantageous that there are almost no limitations in terms of material selection, number of layers and required coating processes when designing and producing the flexible carrier, i.e. the bag or tube, and applying the barrier layer(s), which can take place outside the hollow body. This also makes applications possible that can only be carried out in a high vacuum or using large-volume coating machines and are therefore not suitable for the internal coating of a hollow body, e.g.
  • both systems - hollow body and barrier - can be optimized independently of each other mechanically and materially for the respective application, without any restrictions regarding the choice of material or the coating system.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • ALD atomic layer deposition
  • both systems - hollow body and barrier - can be optimized independently of each other mechanically and materially for the respective application, without any restrictions regarding the choice of material or the coating system.
  • the decoupling between the barrier and the hollow body wall makes it possible to apply brittle, complex and mechanically sensitive barriers (e.g. thicker layers of brittle materials) to the carrier material using complex coating processes, such as AlOx, SiOx or metallization.
  • These barrier materials remain - for example, applied to a film as a flexible carrier - remains intact even after a large number of load changes.
  • inorganic oxides which could very quickly form cracks if the hollow body wall expands in length, are exposed to little or no tensile forces and reliably show the desired barrier properties even when the hollow body expands to its maximum.
  • the barrier bag and hollow body systems are not positively connected to one another, the expansion of both systems can occur at different speeds and to different extents, e.g. due to temperature changes, since both systems can expand freely. Nevertheless, it may be desirable to connect the bag and hollow body to one another, e.g. by gluing or attaching them at specific points. However, care must be taken to ensure that a certain degree of mobility is retained.
  • One challenge of the hydrogen barrier according to the invention is to insert the barrier bag into the hollow space of the hollow body in a suitable manner without damaging the barrier layers. This process must be carried out with more or less large bending radii and kinks depending on the brittleness of the barrier or its sensitivity to deformation. The expert in the field of Manufacturing technology is able to carry out this task in such a way that a maximum barrier is maintained and no or only a few kinks occur.
  • damage to the barrier layer can be avoided with suitable assembly steps and sufficiently large openings in the hollow body or by inserting the barrier bag during the manufacture of the hollow body.
  • it can be useful to insert the barrier bag into part of the hollow body during the manufacture of the hollow body, for example in the case of a tank before welding or tapering one side of the tank, and - if necessary - to only fix the other part of the barrier bag on the other side of the hollow body after the hollow body has been completed.
  • bags without weld seams which can be made from blown film - similar to blowing up a PET bottle - bags made from flat film or tubular bag sections and welded in some places can also be inserted into a hollow body.
  • the resulting weld seams in the barrier bag are additionally sealed, for example by sealing the seams with barrier paints after welding.
  • Suspensions of polyvinyl alcohol or acrylates and inorganic layered silicates are particularly advantageous as barrier paints, as they provide a very good barrier to hydrogen. Examples of such layered silicates are naturally occurring montmorillonite, synthetically produced hectorite, kaolin or bentonite. Since the paints are only applied along the weld seams and thus to small areas of the bag, there is no need for additional coatings if the hollow body expands in length. Stresses on the weld seams and on the paint, so that the paint barrier is maintained even when the load changes.
  • the barrier bag does not lie directly on the inner wall of the hollow body, but rather on another layer of material that is applied to the inner wall of the hollow body and has a certain degree of porosity (e.g.
  • a porous ceramic layer which is maintained even at high pressure in the cavity of the hollow body. Due to the porosity of this intermediate layer, hydrogen that still diffuses through the barrier bag will collect in the porous material. From there, it can be "flushed out” of the porous material using suitable measures, e.g. with a carrier gas, so that the penetration of hydrogen into the tank wall can be almost completely excluded. It is also possible to fill a small amount of liquid or paste into the space between Barrier bag and inner wall of the hollow body, particularly advantageously a hydrogen-absorbing liquid/paste that allows a certain mobility of the bag and absorbs external impacts or distributes the impact forces.
  • the hollow body also has one or more suitable connections via which hydrogen that has penetrated into the space between the barrier bag and the inner wall of the hollow body or has been absorbed by a porous or other material layer present there in some embodiments can be drained off or flushed out.
  • the barrier layers that are integrated into the barrier bag according to the invention or applied to the inside of the bag can consist of lacquers, vapor-deposited inorganic layers of metals (e.g. aluminum, platinum), semiconductors (e.g. silicon), nitrides (e.g. silicon nitride) or oxides such as silicon or aluminum oxide.
  • All classic inorganic layers can be applied, as well as all common organic barrier coatings based on PVOH, acrylates, polyurethanes, PP or PE dispersions or waxes.
  • Various other layers of polymers or co-polymers are also possible, such as PP, PE, PA, PC, PET, PVOH, EVOH, to name just a few.
  • the application of other materials and the use of other application methods such as atomic layer deposition or others are also possible. The same applies to a combination of several of the above application methods, for example the alternating layer-by-layer application of vapor-deposited inorganic layers (e.g. silicon oxide) and organic lacquers.
  • a specialist in the field of high-barrier films is able to provide particularly suitable composites made up of several layers which form a high hydrogen barrier and are nevertheless sufficiently flexible to be introduced into the interior of a hollow body without damaging the barrier even after the production of a hollow body.
  • the proposed method and the proposed hollow body are briefly explained again below using exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.
  • the following show: Fig. 1 examples of bags which can be used as carriers in the proposed method and the proposed hollow body; and Fig. 2 an example of a hollow body according to the invention with a hydrogen barrier.
  • a barrier bag according to the invention is produced from a high-barrier film in the form of tape.
  • a film as tape has the advantage that all vapor deposition, varnishing and laminating steps can be carried out without limitation.
  • processes that can be used to apply barrier layers.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • ALD atomic layer deposition
  • Organic barrier layers are traditionally coated as a liquid (with or without solvent) in a roll-to-roll system, whereby a slot nozzle (extrusion, bead or curtain mode), an engraved roller (co-rotating or counter-rotating) or spraying are used as the coating technology.
  • permeation rates for hydrogen of 4.71E+00 (cm3(STP)/(m2 ⁇ d ⁇ bar) can be achieved, with a barrier layer sequence of PET 12 ⁇ m
  • a sealed bag of the required size is then produced from the coated film in one or more sealing steps. This can be a 3-edge sealed bag 1, a 2-edge sealed bag 2 or a stand-up bag 3, as shown schematically in Figure 1.
  • the film used as a carrier must be sealable. This can also be achieved, for example, by applying sealable polymer layers.
  • a barrier hose for pipelines can be sealed with a weld seam in the traditional way, comparable to the preliminary stage for the 2-edge seal bag.
  • a hose without a seal seam is usually produced using blown film extrusion, but has the disadvantage that it cannot be easily refined afterwards. Therefore, it is preferable to seal a barrier bag or hose made of film and then seal the seal seams, e.g. with high-barrier lacquers.
  • a hydrogen tank 5 it can be advantageous to adapt the shape of the cavity so that it roughly corresponds to the shape of easily manufactured bags.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un procédé d'équipement d'un corps creux (5), en particulier d'un réservoir mobile, avec une barrière à hydrogène, un support flexible (4) composé d'une ou de plusieurs couches de matériau sous la forme d'un sac ou d'un tube, qui est doté d'au moins une couche ou d'une succession de couches formant une barrière à hydrogène sur un côté interne et/ou entre des couches de matériau individuelles, est placé et introduit dans la cavité du corps creux (5). Le support flexible est dimensionné de telle sorte que, lors du remplissage avec de l'hydrogène, il s'appuie toujours sans contrainte ou largement sans contrainte contre une paroi interne du corps creux (5) même lorsqu'il y a une dilatation du corps creux (5). On obtient ainsi un corps creux avec une barrière à hydrogène fonctionnelle et économique qui ne perd pas son action barrière en cas de changements de charge thermique et mécanique du corps creux et en cas d'impacts.
EP24706942.0A 2023-02-09 2024-02-08 Procédé d'équipement d'un corps creux avec une barrière à hydrogène, et corps creux équipé de celle-ci Pending EP4662436A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102023103140 2023-02-09
PCT/EP2024/053199 WO2024165681A1 (fr) 2023-02-09 2024-02-08 Procédé d'équipement d'un corps creux avec une barrière à hydrogène, et corps creux équipé de celle-ci

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DE102023118741A1 (de) * 2023-07-14 2025-01-16 eurocylinder systems AG Verfahren zur Beschichtung einer Innenseite eines Behälters
DE102023118746A1 (de) * 2023-07-14 2025-01-16 eurocylinder systems AG Druckbehälter

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FR2540603B1 (fr) * 1983-02-08 1988-04-15 Olaer Ind Sa Reservoir de pression a double paroi
FR2893622B1 (fr) * 2005-11-24 2007-12-21 Commissariat Energie Atomique Composition a base de caprolactame,procede de fabrication d'un element d'etancheite,et reservoir
US7886940B2 (en) * 2006-07-25 2011-02-15 Lockheed Martin Corporation Storage system for fuel cell gases
JP5384742B2 (ja) * 2010-08-09 2014-01-08 ファベル・インドゥストリエ・エス．ピー．エー ガスボンベ
DE102011103424A1 (de) * 2011-06-07 2012-12-13 Hydac Technology Gmbh Druckbehälter
IT201800010244A1 (it) * 2018-11-12 2020-05-12 4Fuel S R L Dispositivo per la separazione dei fluidi.
JP7615041B2 (ja) * 2019-03-05 2025-01-16 リナマー・コーポレーション タイプｉｖ圧力容器内の波形管の破損を防ぐ方法
KR102427309B1 (ko) * 2020-11-24 2022-08-01 재단법인 한국탄소산업진흥원 수소압력용기 및 그 제조방법

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