EP4680900A1 - Système de technologie domestique, groupe de systèmes de technologie domestique et procédé de commande d'un système de technologie domestique et/ou d'un groupe de systèmes de technologie domestique - Google Patents

Système de technologie domestique, groupe de systèmes de technologie domestique et procédé de commande d'un système de technologie domestique et/ou d'un groupe de systèmes de technologie domestique

Info

Publication number
EP4680900A1
EP4680900A1 EP24708227.4A EP24708227A EP4680900A1 EP 4680900 A1 EP4680900 A1 EP 4680900A1 EP 24708227 A EP24708227 A EP 24708227A EP 4680900 A1 EP4680900 A1 EP 4680900A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat pump
heat
heating
line
primary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP24708227.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias BARTHOLOMÄUS
Philipp Straub
Thomas Straub
Stefan Fiderer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sam 365 GmbH
Original Assignee
Sam 365 GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sam 365 GmbH filed Critical Sam 365 GmbH
Publication of EP4680900A1 publication Critical patent/EP4680900A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F24D11/0235—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system with recuperation of waste energy
    • F24D11/0242—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system with recuperation of waste energy contained in exhausted air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0005—Domestic hot-water supply systems using recuperation of waste heat
    • F24D17/001—Domestic hot-water supply systems using recuperation of waste heat with accumulation of heated water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0089—Additional heating means, e.g. electric heated buffer tanks or electric continuous flow heaters, located close to the consumer, e.g. directly before the water taps in bathrooms, in domestic hot water lines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • F24F12/002—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an intermediate heat-transfer fluid
    • F24F12/003—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an intermediate heat-transfer fluid using a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02—Water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/40—Photovoltaic [PV] modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/22—Ventilation air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0096—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater combined with domestic apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building services system at least for controlling the water temperature for one usage unit of a building.
  • the invention further relates to a building services system network for a building with at least one usage unit, preferably with a plurality of usage units, and a method for controlling a building services system and/or a building services system network.
  • a usage unit is understood to mean a self-contained sequence of living spaces that are available to a person or a group of people. These can be, for example, self-contained apartments, granny flats, offices, practices, commercial units or the like in a building or in a building.
  • the building can be, for example, a multi-family house and can therefore have several usage units in the sense of the present disclosure.
  • the exhaust air from usage units is fed into a central exhaust air system.
  • a central heat pump is provided to recover the heat in the exhaust air and discharge it into a central heating center in the building.
  • the air flow in the central exhaust air system can be very complex, which leads to heat losses in the exhaust air and high installation and maintenance costs.
  • Such a combined system with a central heat pump is also not very flexible in its structure because every usage unit in a building has to be connected to the central exhaust air system. Retrofitting energy recovery systems in individual usage units is only possible with great effort. In addition, in many cases expensive and complex additional installations are necessary if the applicable statutory fire protection regulations have to be complied with in a building with several usage units.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a building services system that enables efficient heat recovery from exhaust air and has a simple structure.
  • the building services system should be able to be flexibly combined with other building services systems to form a building services system network.
  • a method for controlling such a building services system and/or a building services system network should be specified.
  • a building services system is used at least for water tempering for one usage unit.
  • Water tempering is understood to mean the provision of heating energy and/or hot water.
  • the building services system is intended for one usage unit of a plurality of usage units in a building.
  • water tempering is understood to mean both the heating and cooling of water, such as service water, fresh water, heating fluid or the like.
  • the building services system comprises a first primary line connection for hydraulically connecting a first central primary line, a second primary line connection for hydraulically connecting a second central primary line and a third primary line connection for hydraulically connecting a third central primary line.
  • the building services system can be connected to a central heat storage unit via the primary line connections and the primary lines connected to them.
  • a heating flow connection is provided for the hydraulic connection of a decentralized heating flow line of a heating system in the usage unit.
  • a heating return connection is provided for the hydraulic connection of a decentralized heating return line of the heating system in the usage unit.
  • the building services system is preferably installed in a usage unit and represents an interface for connecting the decentralized heating system of the usage unit to the central primary lines. The building services system therefore functions, for example, as a housing station for the usage unit.
  • the building services system also includes a decentralized heat pump designed for installation in a usage unit.
  • the decentralized heat pump includes a receiving heat exchanger to which exhaust air from the usage unit can be fed as a heat source.
  • the heat pump can be connected to an exhaust air unit of the usage unit. The exhaust air from the usage unit can then flow past the receiving heat exchanger of the usage unit and transfer heat to the coolant of the decentralized heat pump via the receiving heat exchanger.
  • the heat pump further comprises an output heat exchanger for heating the heating fluid flowing through the output heat exchanger.
  • the heating fluid can be provided, for example, by the decentralized heating of the usage unit or via one of the primary lines.
  • the heating fluid heated by the output heat exchanger can, depending on the operating mode, be delivered at least partially to a primary line via the corresponding primary line connection and/or to the heating of the usage unit via the heating flow connection.
  • the building services system can include more than one of the decentralized heat pumps described above, which improves the modulability of the decentralized heat pumps’ performance and enables the heat pumps to be used even at different volume flows and different amounts of heat that can be recovered from the waste heat with high efficiency.
  • the thermal output provided by the decentralized heat pump can be used decentrally in the usage unit or can be discharged to a central heat storage unit via the primary line connections.
  • additional thermal energy in the form of heating fluid from the central heat storage unit can be supplied to the decentralized heating circuit of the usage unit via the primary line connections.
  • the building services system makes it possible to recover heat from the exhaust air of a usage unit.
  • the heat is raised to a higher temperature level.
  • the heat can be transferred through the output heat exchanger to the heating fluid, which flows through the heat pump pipes and, depending on the operating mode, through the heating of the usage unit or into the primary pipes.
  • the heat generated by the heat pump can be used to heat the usage unit and/or to ensure hot water preparation in the usage unit and/or the heat provided can be released via the primary lines.
  • the decentralized heat pump can therefore supply the decentralized heating system and/or the decentralized hot water preparation and, if necessary, provide heat to a central heat storage unit. This means that a decentralized buffer storage unit for buffering thermal energy can be dispensed with, particularly in the usage unit or in the heat pump.
  • the various primary lines serve as central primary flow and central primary return. This ensures that the heating fluid supplied to the building services system from the central primary lines has an appropriate temperature level and that the heating fluid discharged to the central heat storage tank via the primary lines can be layered into the heat storage tank at an appropriate height and at an appropriate temperature level in order to avoid heat losses and mixing of heating fluid flows with different temperature levels.
  • the energy recovered by the decentralized heat pump can be recorded separately for each assigned usage unit of a building.
  • the proportion of the energy recovered by the heat pump that is used decentrally in the usage unit can be recorded separately from the proportion of the recovered energy that is made available to a central heat storage unit in the building.
  • Measuring devices of the building services system, the building services system network, the usage unit and/or the building can be used to record the energy quantities.
  • each usage unit can have at least one, preferably two heat meters that record the energy generated by the decentralized heat pump, the energy fed into the central heat storage unit and/or the energy consumed in the usage unit.
  • the hydraulic connection is designed in such a way that heat extracted from the exhaust air can be delivered via the delivery heat exchanger to a heating fluid that flows through the heat pump return line and the heat pump flow line.
  • the heating fluid can, for example, be provided via the heating return connection from the heating of the usage unit. After flowing through the heat pump flow line, the delivery heat exchanger and the heat pump return line, the heated heating fluid can be provided to the heating of the usage unit.
  • heating fluid refers to various substances that can be used in heating systems or systems for preparing hot water.
  • Examples of heating fluids that can be considered are water, treated water or heat transfer oil.
  • primary flow and “heating fluid in the primary flow line” as well as “primary return” and “heating fluid in the primary return line” are used essentially synonymously.
  • the heat pump makes use of the ambient heat of the exhaust air by evaporating a coolant through heat exchange in the receiving heat exchanger.
  • the vaporous coolant is compressed by a compressor and thus brought to a higher temperature level.
  • the direct hydraulic integration of the heat pump into the heating system enables the heat pump to be extracted from the Thermal energy recovered from exhaust air can be provided directly to the heating of the usage unit or to other thermal consumers of the usage unit.
  • the term consumer is generally understood to mean a heater, preferably an underfloor heating system, and/or fittings for providing heated water, such as a shower or taps.
  • the central heat storage of the building can, for example, be designed as a buffer storage, preferably as a stratified storage, and can preferably be connected to each of the building services systems installed in the building via the first, second and third primary lines, so that the excess thermal energy recovered from the exhaust air in the individual decentralized usage units can be transferred to the central primary lines and stored in the central buffer storage shared by the building services systems.
  • the central heat storage system can have several storage reservoirs distributed over the height of the building. Each storage reservoir can be assigned to different usage units of the building, with the storage reservoirs arranged at different heights. This reduces the pressure difference that has to be bridged in the central primary flow and primary return lines between the respective central storage reservoir and the assigned decentralized building services systems of the usage units. This is advantageous, for example, in a building with a large number of floors, such as a high-rise building, because the pumps used to pump the water can be made smaller.
  • the energy generated by the heat pump which is not supplied directly to the usage unit, can therefore be stored centrally in the storage tank, which saves space and costs.
  • less space is required when using a system according to the invention.
  • the space available in a usage unit can therefore be used for other purposes. Due to the small space requirement, it is also possible to easily retrofit the building services system for water temperature control in existing buildings.
  • the central storage in the system can be used to cover peak loads, for example.
  • this storage is preferably a buffer storage, more preferably a stratified storage.
  • a primary energy source e.g. a boiler, a central heat pump or a gas condensing boiler, can be dimensioned smaller than with conventional systems.
  • the heat recovery system formed by means of decentralized heat pumps can, for example, represent the base load supply, which means that the central primary heat source can be reduced, as this only covers the remaining heat demand, in particular the thermal peak loads.
  • a particular advantage in this context is that, especially in passive houses, i.e. houses in which the majority of the heat demand is covered by "passive" sources such as solar radiation and waste heat, a Primary energy sources can be completely dispensed with, since the thermal energy generated by the decentralized heat pumps is sufficient for heating.
  • energy from a primary line acting as the primary flow can be transferred to the heating fluid flowing in the heat pump return line.
  • the heating fluid can thus be heated further after it has been heated by the heat pump. This can happen, for example, if the thermal output required in the decentralized heating circuit exceeds the thermal output provided by the heat pump.
  • the coefficient of performance, or COP for short, is the ratio of the heat or cooling output generated to the electrical power used and is therefore a measure of the efficiency of the heat pump.
  • the heating fluid heated by the discharge heat exchanger can be discharged to a primary line acting as the primary return. This is particularly advantageous if the thermal output provided by the decentralized heat pump exceeds the thermal output required in the heating system. By extracting the output in the heat pump return, thermal energy is extracted at the highest possible temperature level, so that a large part of the energy provided by the heat pump can be transferred and used, i.e. represents exergy.
  • Exergy is the part of the total energy of a system that can do work when it is brought into thermodynamic (thermal, mechanical and chemical) equilibrium with its environment. Exergy is In contrast to energy, it is not a conserved quantity because it is broken down by irreversible processes, ie it is converted into anergy.
  • the relationship between exergy and anergy of a quantity of heat is mainly determined by the temperature level of the quantity of heat. The higher the temperature level, the better the quantity of heat can be used and the higher the proportion of exergy.
  • the building services system can have heat exchangers that are connected to the primary line connections and are designed to exchange heat with the heat pump supply line and/or the heat pump return line.
  • heat energy can be transferred from the heating fluid flowing in the primary lines to the heating fluid flowing in the decentralized heating circuit of the usage unit. This is particularly advantageous in tall buildings where a large pressure difference has to be overcome by the heating fluid flowing in the primary lines.
  • the heat pump flow line is preferably connected to the third primary line connection via a heat pump flow valve, which can be switched, preferably continuously, between an open heat pump flow valve position, in which a hydraulic connection is established between the third primary line connection and the heat pump flow line, and a closed heat pump flow valve position, in which the connection between the third primary line connection and the heat pump flow line is closed.
  • the heat pump return line is preferably hydraulically connected to the first primary line connection, for example directly or via a heat pump return valve, as described below.
  • the heat pump return line is connected to the first primary line connection via a heat pump return valve, which can be switched, preferably continuously, between an open heat pump return valve position, in which a hydraulic connection is established between the first primary line connection and the heat pump return line, and a closed heat pump return valve position, in which the connection between the first primary line connection and the heat pump return line is closed.
  • the heat pump supply line is preferably hydraulically connected to the third primary line connection, for example directly or by means of a heat pump supply valve, as described above.
  • the transfer of energy to the decentralized heating circuit takes place, regardless of whether a heat pump flow valve and/or a heat pump return valve is provided, by injecting the heating fluid from the first primary line into the heat pump return line.
  • the amount of fluid injected is determined by the position of the heat pump flow valve and/or the heat pump return valve.
  • the heat pump return valve In its open position, the heat pump return valve enables direct injection from the first primary line.
  • the heat pump flow valve controls the extent to which heating fluid can be displaced into the third primary line, which is a necessary prerequisite for heating fluid to be injected into the heat pump return line due to the incompressibility of the heating fluid in the decentralized heating circuit.
  • the heating fluid in the first primary line mixes with the heating fluid in the heat pump return line.
  • Only a minimum of components is required for this, in particular the heat pump flow valve or the heat pump return valve described here.
  • the valve used can have a simple structure, be low-maintenance and cost-effective in the This makes it easy to inject heating fluid from the central heat storage tank into the heat pump return, for example, to raise the temperature level in the heat pump return.
  • the mixing of heating fluid is controlled particularly precisely in order to precisely dose the amount of heat that is transferred to the heating fluid in the heat pump return line.
  • the heat pump flow valve can switch or be switched at least partially from the closed heat pump flow valve position to the open heat pump flow valve position when the temperature of the first heating fluid in the heat pump return line falls below an injection limit value.
  • the heat pump return valve can switch or be switched at least partially from the closed heat pump return valve position to the open heat pump return valve position when the temperature of the first heating fluid in the heat pump return line falls below an injection limit value.
  • the undershooting of the injection limit is the signal that the thermal output required by the heating of a usage unit is greater than the thermal output provided by the decentralized heat pump over a significant period of time.
  • a primary line acting as the primary flow for example the first primary line.
  • This is made possible by switching the heat pump flow valve and/or the heat pump return valve to the open position, because this creates a hydraulic connection between the first primary line connection and the heat pump return is established, heating fluid is simultaneously displaced into a primary line acting as a return, for example the third primary line, and the heating fluid from the first primary line can mix with the heating fluid in the decentralized heating circuit.
  • the opening cross-section available for the fluid exchange between the primary flow and the heat pump return can be influenced by the position of the heat pump flow valve and/or the position of the heat pump return valve. This determines the amount of heating fluid that is injected into the heat pump return line.
  • the heat pump return line is hydraulically connected to the second primary line connection.
  • the third primary line connection is connected to the heat pump flow line via a raising valve.
  • the raising valve can be switched between an open raising valve position, in which a connection is established between the third primary line connection and the heat pump flow line, and a closed raising valve position, in which a connection between the third primary line connection and the heat pump flow line is closed.
  • the volume flow of heating fluid through the heat pump's output heat exchanger can be controlled by the raising valve.
  • the heat given off to the heating fluid is fed to the central heat storage tank.
  • the third primary line is connected to the central heat storage tank at a low height so that heating fluid with a cold flow temperature is provided to the heat pump flow line via the third primary line connection.
  • the increase valve can preferably be switched continuously in order to be able to control the amount of heat provided by the decentralized building services system to the central heat storage unit as precisely as possible.
  • the increase valve preferably switches from the closed increase valve position to the open increase valve position or is switched accordingly when the temperature of the heating fluid in the heat pump return line or at the heating flow connection exceeds an increase limit value. This condition occurs, for example, when the output provided by the decentralized heat pump is greater than the heating output required by the decentralized heating system over a significant period of time, for example in summer.
  • the position of the heat pump flow valve and/or the heat pump return valve and/or the raising valve can be switched in different ways.
  • the heat pump flow valve, the heat pump return valve and/or the raising valve are switched mechanically.
  • the mode of operation can, for example, be such that the heat pump flow valve, the heat pump return valve and/or the raising valve changes its position depending on the temperature in the heat pump flow line or the heat pump return line, similar to the way a thermostat works.
  • Mechanical adjustment of the position of the heat pump flow valve, the heat pump return valve and/or the raising valve is particularly low-maintenance and reliable. In addition, no additional components are required to position the valves.
  • the heat pump flow valve, the heat pump return valve and/or the raising valve can alternatively or additionally be switched by means of an actuator, preferably continuously.
  • An electric actuator can be used for this, for example.
  • An actuator enables flexible adjustment of the position of the valves.
  • the signal provided to the actuator can be calculated based on various parameters. Controlling the heat pump flow valve, the heat pump return valve and/or the raising valve using an actuator therefore offers particularly great energy saving potential because - compared to a purely mechanical setting - significantly more ambient conditions can be taken into account.
  • the building services system preferably has at least one temperature sensor, which is preferably arranged on or in the heat pump return line and/or on the heating flow connection.
  • the temperature sensor makes it possible to determine a control signal for an actuator of the heat pump flow valve, the heat pump return valve and/or the raising valve based on the corresponding temperature.
  • the building services system can have a control unit which is designed, among other things, to control the heat pump flow valve which can be adjusted by means of an actuator, the heat pump return valve which can be adjusted by means of an actuator and/or the raising valve which can be adjusted by means of an actuator.
  • the control unit can have a data connection with the respective actuator of the valves and with sensors, such as a temperature sensor. Data can be exchanged between the control unit and the actuators and between the control unit and the sensors, such as the at least one temperature sensor, via the data connection. Consequently, the control unit can calculate a control signal based on the data measured by the sensors, for example based on a measured temperature, and send it to the actuators in order to specifically change the position of the valves.
  • the control unit can be designed in a decentralized manner and, for example, be assigned to the building services system of a usage unit.
  • a central control unit can also be provided which is assigned to a plurality of building services systems, in particular a building services system network, and sends control commands to the valve actuators either directly or via decentralized control units as intermediaries.
  • control unit can send an open signal to the actuator of the heat pump return valve or the heat pump flow valve and a close signal to the actuator of the raising valve when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor falls below the injection limit.
  • control unit determines that the temperature of the heating fluid made available to the heating of the usage unit via the heating flow connection is too low to cover the heat demand of the usage unit. This case can occur, for example, in winter when there is a high heat demand in the usage unit.
  • the heat pump flow valve and/or the heat pump return valve is opened by the control unit and heating fluid is injected from the first primary line acting as the primary flow line into the heat pump return line.
  • the control unit can send an open signal to the actuator of the raising valve and a close signal to the actuator of the heat pump flow valve and/or the heat pump return valve.
  • the control unit detects that the temperature measured by the temperature sensor exceeds the raising limit.
  • heating fluid heated by the heat pump can be used to raise the temperature of the primary return, for example the heating fluid in the second primary line acting as the primary return. Energy obtained by the heat pump can thus be transported via the second primary line to the central heat storage unit to be stored there.
  • the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is, for example, between the injection limit and the increase limit.
  • the control unit sends a close signal to the actuator of the heat pump flow valve and/or the heat pump return valve and a close signal to the actuator of the increase valve.
  • the heat supply to the usage unit is therefore essentially ensured autonomously by the decentralized heat pump. Interaction, such as an exchange of heating fluid, with the central primary lines is not necessary.
  • the components of the building services system are arranged in a common assembly unit, in particular a rack, frame, cabinet or the like.
  • the building services system is thus designed to be particularly space-saving, which brings with it the advantages described above when used.
  • the building services system is easy to transport in this way. Furthermore, it can be pre-assembled in such a way that it can be delivered to a construction site ready for installation.
  • An exhaust air device for example a fan, can be provided which is connected to the heat pump in an air-conducting manner, so that the exhaust air of the usage unit is conveyed through the exhaust air device to the receiving heat exchanger of the heat pump and flows through the receiving heat exchanger.
  • the exhaust air device is part of the building services system and is arranged in the common assembly unit with the building services system.
  • any proportion of the units can be equipped with building services systems according to one of the embodiments described above.
  • the individual, decentralized In combination, building services systems form a building services system network for a building, which preferably has a plurality of usage units.
  • the building services system network has a central heat storage unit and a central first primary line hydraulically connected to the heat storage unit at a first height, a central second primary line connected to the central heat storage unit at a second height that is lower than the first height, and a central third primary line connected to the central heat storage unit at a third height that is lower than the second height.
  • the heat storage unit is preferably a buffer storage unit, more preferably a stratified storage unit.
  • the building services system network also has at least one building services system assigned to a usage unit or, preferably, a plurality of building services systems each assigned to a usage unit.
  • the at least one building services system is hydraulically connected to the first, second and third primary lines.
  • the at least one building services system is also hydraulically connected to the heating of the assigned usage unit.
  • the at least one building services system of the building services system network is designed according to one of the embodiment variants described above.
  • the building services system has a decentralized heat pump that includes an intake heat exchanger to which exhaust air from the usage unit can be fed as a heat source.
  • the decentralized heat pump also includes an output heat exchanger, whereby heat extracted from the exhaust air can be delivered via the output heat exchanger to a heating fluid flowing through the output heat exchanger.
  • the heating fluid flowing through the output heat exchanger can be provided to the building services system, for example, from the heating of the usage unit or from one of the primary lines. Due to the hydraulic connections of the building services system to the primary lines and to the decentralized heating of a usage unit, energy can be transferred between the heat storage unit and the heating fluid flowing through the delivery heat exchanger and/or between the decentralized heating unit and the delivery heat exchanger via the primary lines.
  • Such a building services system network allows energy to be transferred advantageously between the central heat exchanger and the decentralized building services systems or the decentralized heating systems connected to them.
  • heating fluid can be supplied to the heat storage unit and heating fluid can be removed from the heat storage unit at a suitable temperature level that is adapted to the respective application.
  • heating fluid can be taken at a low height and thus at a low temperature level if the heating fluid is to be heated by the excess thermal energy of the decentralized heat pumps. If, on the other hand, heating fluid from the central buffer storage is to be used for injection into a heat pump return line of a building services system in order to close a heat supply gap in the corresponding usage unit, the heating fluid can be taken from an upper area of the heat storage tank where it has a high temperature level.
  • the building services system network thus represents a flexible and energy-efficient solution for water temperature control in the usage units of a building.
  • the building services system network can also have a central energy converter for heating and/or cooling the heat storage.
  • the central An energy converter can be, for example, a central heat pump, a central boiler or a connection to a district heating or cooling network.
  • the first primary line can preferably have a feed pump to pump heating fluid from the heat storage tank in the direction of at least one building services system.
  • the first primary line which is connected in the upper area of the heat storage tank, is used as the primary feed when heating fluid from the central buffer tank is injected into the decentralized heat pump return line of a building services system and/or hot water is drawn in a usage unit.
  • the third primary line can function as the primary return line, whereby the heating fluid cooled by the heat release in the usage unit is fed into a lower area of the heat storage tank. This prevents cold and warm heating fluid from mixing in the heat storage tank and a reduction in the temperature of the warm layers of the heat storage tank.
  • the second primary line preferably has a return pump to convey heating fluid from the at least one building services system in the direction of the heat storage unit.
  • the return pump arranged in the second primary line makes it possible to use the second primary line as the primary return if the building services system is to provide energy to the central heat storage unit.
  • heating fluid with a low temperature is conveyed from a lower region of the heat storage unit via the third primary line, which acts as the primary flow, to the decentralized building services system, where it is heated by the excess energy provided by the decentralized heat pump.
  • the heating fluid is fed back to the heat storage unit via the second primary line, with the heating fluid being fed into a higher region of the heat storage unit with a higher temperature level in order to avoid mixing of heating fluid with different temperature levels.
  • the third primary line is therefore operated as a return line in a first operating mode, in which energy from the heat storage unit is transferred to the building services system, and as a flow line in a second operating mode, in which energy from the building services system is transferred to the heat storage unit.
  • a further advantage is that by using three primary lines, in the event that energy from the building services systems of the building services system network is transferred to the heat storage tank, hot water can be drawn from individual building services systems simultaneously via the first primary line as the primary flow and via the third primary line as the primary return, without wasting exergy.
  • the corresponding primary return line for example the third primary line from this usage unit, has a very low temperature level.
  • the decentralized heat pumps are not switched off, heating fluid flows with cold and warm temperatures could mix in the primary return line.
  • the temperature level of the primary return raised by the decentralized heat pumps would be lowered again and exergy would be converted into anergy, which would be disadvantageous in terms of energy.
  • a method for controlling a building services system and/or a building services system network is also specified.
  • the method can have different operating modes, which are carried out, for example, depending on the season or calculated heating requirements in a usage unit.
  • heating fluid can be injected from the first primary line into the heat pump return line of the associated building services system.
  • An amount of heating fluid from the heat pump flow line corresponding to the amount of heating fluid injected is returned from the building services system to the heat storage tank via the third primary line. This operating mode can occur, for example, in winter when there is a high heat requirement in the usage unit.
  • the increase in the temperature of the heating fluid in the heat pump return line can be controlled.
  • the amount and/or temperature of the injected heating fluid is selected such that the gap in the thermal output provided is closed by the injected fluid.
  • the opening of the heat pump flow valve and/or the heat pump return valve can be reduced when the gap in the thermal output becomes smaller. If the thermal output provided by the heat pump corresponds to the thermal output required by the heater, the heat pump return valve can be closed completely.
  • the output of the associated decentralized heat pump can be reduced.
  • the output of the heat pump can be reduced so that the output provided by the heat pump corresponds to the heating output required by the decentralized heating.
  • the heating of the usage unit can form a closed heating circuit with the decentralized heat pump. This case can occur, for example, in transitional periods such as spring or autumn.
  • the output of the heat pump can be adjusted, for example, using a frequency converter or inverter.
  • a building services system can additionally include a frequency converter or inverter designed to modulate the thermal output provided by the heat pump. This is particularly advantageous when the decentralized heat pump supplies the heating of the usage unit in a closed heating circuit without energy being exchanged with the central primary lines. This can be the case, for example, in transitional operation. Modulating the output also has advantages when energy provided by the decentralized heat pump is transferred to the central heat storage unit. By modulating the output of the heat pump, the heat pump can be operated close to the optimal COP, which enables energy-efficient operation of the heat pump.
  • the heat pump can be controlled based on the weather, for example by adjusting the power output of the heat pump to the current outside temperature.
  • the heating flow temperature can be increased when the outside temperature drops.
  • the heating flow temperature can be reduced when the outside temperature rises.
  • a heating curve can be stored in the decentralized control unit.
  • the control and/or optimization algorithms used can, for example, calculate the total costs for the heat supply, a CO2 equivalent emission for the heat supply, a total energy requirement for the heat supply, or a comparable economic, ecological or technical characteristic value for the heat supply.
  • an analysis of the actual past behavior of the building services system is carried out when creating and/or updating the heating curve. This analysis allows the heating curve to be continuously updated and compared with reality, which leads to more efficient operation of the building services system. This can be done, for example, using self-learning algorithms.
  • excess heat provided by the heat pump which is not required by the heating of the decentralized usage unit in transitional operation, can be passed on to the primary return.
  • a valve can be provided in the heat pump flow line and/or in the heat pump return line, by means of which part of the first heating fluid circulating in the heating circuit of the usage unit is used to raise the temperature of the primary return.
  • heating fluid can be fed from the third primary line into the heat pump flow line of the associated building services system.
  • the fed-in heating fluid mixes with the heating fluid in the heat pump flow line and is fed to the heat pump.
  • a quantity of heating fluid corresponding to the quantity fed in is fed from the heat pump return line of the associated building services system to the central second primary line.
  • the excess thermal output of the heat pump is used to raise the temperature of the central primary return.
  • the excess thermal output is then fed into the central heat storage unit of the building services system and stored there.
  • a heating circuit pump that pumps heating fluid through the heating circuit of the decentralized usage unit is switched off in this operating mode.
  • a heating fluid volume flow in the heat pump supply line and/or in the heat pump return line of the associated building services system is controlled in such a way that the COP of the decentralized heat pump is maximized.
  • the decentralized heat pump is preferably operated with an optimal COP when the heat provided by the decentralized heat pump is greater than the heating demand of the heating of the associated usage unit and the excess power of the heat pump raises the temperature of the heating fluid acting as the primary return in the second primary line in order to supply the power to the central heat storage unit.
  • the decentralized heat pumps of the building services systems of the building services system network would have to be switched off in a two-pipe system as described above.
  • the decentralized heat pumps of the three-pipe building services system network described here can remain switched on in such a case and continue to operate if necessary.
  • a building services system and a building services system network described here can but can also be used to regulate the temperature or cooling of a usage unit.
  • reversibly operated decentralized heat pumps can be used for cooling or tempering.
  • cold heating fluid especially water
  • the heated heating fluid is fed to the output heat exchanger of the reversible heat pump.
  • the heat pump's coolant absorbs the heat energy from the first heating fluid via the output heat exchanger and releases the heat energy to the exhaust air via the intake heat exchanger, which dissipates the heat to the environment outside the usage unit. This cools the heating fluid before it flows through the heating of the usage unit again.
  • a method and a control system for the direct or indirect use of exhaust air heat energy are provided, the benefit of which results in particular from a novel combination of the components of the building services system network.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a building services system network with a detailed view of a building services system
  • Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a building services system network with a detailed view of another building services system
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a building services system network with a detailed view of another building services system.
  • FIG 7 shows a schematic representation of a building services system network with a detailed view of another building services system.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a ventilation system of a building 1.
  • the building 1 has a plurality of usage units 2.
  • Each usage unit 2 is supplied with fresh air via a supply air device 3.
  • Exhaust air escapes from a usage unit 2 via the exhaust air device 4.
  • the exhaust air device 4 of at least one usage unit 2 there is a heat pump 5 in order to recover heat from the exhaust air.
  • Thermal energy is extracted from the exhaust air by means of the heat pump 5 before the exhaust air is led via supply lines into a main air line 6 within a supply shaft.
  • the collected exhaust air flows via a central air outlet from the main air line 6 of the Building 1 into the environment.
  • the supply lines of all usage units 2 lead into the main air line 6, whereby preferably each usage unit 2 has a heat pump 5 in its exhaust air device 4.
  • fire dampers must be used as fire protection devices, which are complicated to construct and require intensive maintenance. The installation and operation of fire dampers is therefore expensive.
  • the supply air is supplied decentrally in the respective usage unit 2 via supply air devices 3, but at the same time a central exhaust air system with a main air line 6 is present, only the exhaust air devices 4 of the usage units 2 are connected via a central system. Consequently, ceiling bulkheads can be used as fire protection devices, which, compared to fire dampers, require less maintenance, are simpler to construct and are cheaper to purchase.
  • appropriate exhaust air devices 4 for example a fan, can be connected to an outer wall of the usage unit 2 in an air-conducting manner.
  • the exhaust air device 4 is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the decentralized heat pump 5 even when the exhaust air is discharged decentrally and is connected to it in an air-conducting manner.
  • the exhaust air device 4 can be arranged in a common rack or cabinet with the heat pump 5 of the usage unit 2. In this case, the exhaust air from the usage unit 2 can be sucked in by the exhaust air device 4, passed through a heat exchanger of the heat pump 5 and then released, for example to the surroundings of the usage unit 2 or the surroundings of the building 1.
  • an exhaust air device 4 for example a fan, can be arranged at a distance from the heat pump 5 and connected to the heat pump 5 in an air-conducting manner, for example in a wall that separates a bathroom of the usage unit 2 from other rooms.
  • the exhaust air of the usage unit 2 is pressed by the exhaust air device 4 in the direction of the heat pump 5, where it is guided through a heat exchanger and then released, for example to the surroundings of the usage unit 2 or the surroundings of the building 1.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a building services system network 11.
  • a building services system 7 or a building services system network 11 in the present disclosure not all non-return valves used are shown in order to Do not overload the hydraulic circuit diagrams. The missing check valves will be added by a specialist within the scope of his professional skills.
  • the heat pump 5 arranged in the exhaust air devices 4 is part of a building services system 7.
  • the heat pump 5 extracts heat from the exhaust air of the usage unit 2, raises it to a higher temperature level through a thermodynamic cycle and makes the heat available for decentralized use in the usage unit 2, for example by releasing the heat to the heating fluid of a heating system 8 of the usage unit 2, in particular a surface or underfloor heating system.
  • the cooled exhaust air flows into the surroundings of the building 1 either via the central main air line 6 or via decentralized air outlets.
  • heating fluid for example heating water
  • a discharge heat exchanger 9 of the heat pump 5 where heat is transferred from the coolant of the heat pump 5 to the heating fluid. From there, the heating fluid flows into the flow line of the underfloor heating 8 in order to provide heat in the usage unit 2.
  • the building services system 7 can inject additional heated heating fluid from the heating center 10 into the decentralized heating circuit.
  • the combination of central and decentralized provision of heat means that a building services system network 11 formed by several building services systems 7 can be used flexibly and expanded. Furthermore, such a building services system network 11 can be used to provide energy for water tempering particularly efficiently by recovering the thermal energy contained in the exhaust air and controlling the heating fluid flows in the building services system network 11 as needed.
  • the building services system network 11 is formed by connecting at least one, preferably several building services systems 7, which are assigned to different usage units 2 of a building 1, to a common, central first primary line
  • the first primary line 12, the second primary line 13 and the third primary line 14 extend from a central heat storage unit 15, which can be arranged, for example, in the central heating center 10, to the respective building services systems 7 of the usage units 2. Consequently, by means of the decentralized building services systems 7, energy from the central heat storage unit 15 can be provided in the usage units 2 or excess energy from a usage unit 2 can be discharged to the central heat storage unit 15. Decentralized storage units in the usage units 2 can be omitted, which is why a building services system 7 requires less space than previously known systems and is more cost-effective than known systems.
  • the heating center 10 optionally contains a central heat generator 16, for example a central heat pump or a central heating boiler, which is hydraulically connected to the heat storage unit 15 and can provide energy to the heat storage unit 15.
  • a central heat generator 16 for example a central heat pump or a central heating boiler
  • Heating fluid from the heat storage 15 can be fed via one of the primary lines 12,
  • each usage unit has various consumers 17 that are supplied with thermal energy by the building services system 7.
  • a consumer 17' is formed by a shower that can obtain its hot water from the heat storage unit 15, for example.
  • the hot water can be provided to the usage unit 2, in particular to the building services system 7 of the usage unit 2, via the first primary line 12, for example.
  • hot water can be supplied to the consumer 17' via the hot water line 18.
  • the building services system 7 can have a continuous flow heater to assist in heating hot water during hot water preparation, which reheats the hot water to the desired temperature if there is not enough energy available.
  • the consumer 17' is also connected to the building services system 7 via a cold water line or drinking water line 19 to enable hot and cold water to be mixed in the consumer 17'.
  • the consumer 17' for example a toilet, only requires drinking water, which is provided via the decentralized drinking water line 19.
  • the building services system 7 can control the flow from the central drinking water line (not shown) of the building 1 to the decentralized drinking water line 19 of a usage unit 2.
  • the building services system network 11 has various measuring stations 20 by means of which volume flows, temperatures or other variables of heating fluid in the primary lines 12, 13, 14 and/or of heating fluid in the heating circuit of the usage units 2 can be measured.
  • the building services system 7 has an apartment or fresh water station 21.
  • the building services system 7 acts as an interface between the primary lines 12, 13, 14 and the decentralized lines of a usage unit 2.
  • the excess heat energy can be stored in the heat storage unit 15, for example via the second primary line 13.
  • the thermal energy stored in the heat storage unit 15 can be used to support the heating of a usage unit 2 and/or to prepare hot water for a usage unit 2.
  • the heat storage unit 15 is a stratified storage unit, so that heating fluid/water with a high temperature is present in the upper area of the heat storage unit 15 and the temperature of the heating fluid or water in the heat storage unit 15 decreases with height towards the bottom.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a building services system network 11.
  • the building services system network 11 shown has a central heat storage unit 15, which is designed in the form of a stratified storage unit.
  • a central heat pump 16 is in fluid communication with the heat storage unit 15, so that the heating fluid in the heat storage unit 15 can be heated or cooled by the central heat pump 16.
  • the first primary line 12 is connected to the heat storage unit 15 at a first height hl.
  • the second primary line 13 is connected to the heat storage unit 15 at a second height h2, wherein the second height h2 is lower than the first height hl.
  • the third primary line 14 is connected to the heat storage unit 15 at a third height h3, wherein the third height h3 is lower than the second height h2. Consequently, warm heating fluid can be removed from the heat accumulator 15 or supplied to the heat accumulator 15 using the first primary line 12.
  • the heating fluid that can be removed or supplied using the second primary line 13 is colder than the heating fluid that can be removed or supplied using the first primary line 12.
  • the heating fluid that can be removed or supplied using the third primary line 14 has the lowest temperature level.
  • the first primary line 12 is preferably connected to the heat accumulator 15 in an upper region of the heat accumulator 15.
  • the second primary line 13 is preferably connected in a middle region of the heat accumulator 15.
  • the third primary line 14 is preferably connected in a lower region of the heat accumulator 15.
  • the building services system network 11 also has three building services systems 7, which are hydraulically connected to the first primary line 12, the second primary line 13 and the third primary line 14 by means of the respective apartment station 21.
  • the building services systems 7 are thus hydraulically connected to the central heat storage unit 15.
  • Each of the three building services systems 7 is assigned to a usage unit 2.
  • a feed pump 22 is provided for pumping heating fluid from the heat accumulator 15 in the first primary line 12.
  • a return pump 23 is provided for pumping heating fluid in the direction of the heat accumulator 15 in the second primary line 13.
  • thermal output provided by the decentralized heat pumps 5 corresponds approximately to the thermal output required by the respective heating system 8 of the usage unit 2
  • fluid exchange between the building services systems 7 and the central heat storage unit 15 preferably only takes place when hot water is drawn in a usage unit 2.
  • Hot water is provided, for example, via the first primary line 12 to the associated building services system 7, releases heat to the building services system 7 and is returned, for example, via the third primary line 14 to the heat storage unit 15.
  • the heating 8 of the usage units is supplied with heat in a closed heating circuit by the decentralized heat pumps 5 of the usage units.
  • warm heating fluid can be injected into the heating circuit of a usage unit 2 via the first primary line 12 in order to raise the heating flow temperature.
  • the injection displaces colder heating fluid from the heating return or the flow of the decentralized heat pump 5 into the third primary line 14 and guides it in the direction of the heat accumulator 15.
  • the cold heating fluid is fed into the heat accumulator 15 at a low height h3.
  • heating fluid can be taken from a lower area, for example at height h3, via the third primary line 14 from the heat storage unit 15.
  • the heating fluid is conveyed through the third primary line 14 to the respective building services systems 7, where energy is transferred to the heating fluid, for example by passing the heating fluid through the discharge heat exchanger 9 of the associated heat pump 5.
  • the heated heating fluid is conveyed via the second primary line 13 to the central heat storage unit 15, where it is fed into the storage unit 15 at a higher height h2.
  • the heating fluid is conveyed by the return pump 23, which is arranged in the second primary line 13, which functions as a return.
  • the corresponding primary return line for example the third primary line 14 of the corresponding usage unit 2 has a very low temperature level.
  • the return line 14 cooled by the hot water supply would lower the temperature level of the primary return line 14 raised by the decentralized heat pumps and convert exergy into anergy, which would be disadvantageous in terms of energy.
  • the third primary line 14 When hot water is drawn, the third primary line 14 is used as a central return to the heat storage unit 15. On the other hand, when thermal power is delivered by the decentralized heat pumps 5 to the central heat storage unit 15, the second primary line 13 is used as a central return. Mixing of warm and cold return temperatures when drawing hot water cannot occur due to the hydraulic separation of the return lines.
  • FIG. 4 shows a building services system network 11, with an example hydraulic diagram of one of the building services systems 7 of the hydraulic network 11 is visualized.
  • the illustrated heat storage unit 15 and the connection of the building services system 7 to the heat storage unit 15 by means of the first primary line 12, the second primary line 13 and the third primary line 14 are essentially identical to the previously described embodiments, so that a detailed description is omitted.
  • Figure 4 shows measuring stations 20, for example heat meters, which are used to measure the energy flows in the building services system network 11.
  • the measuring stations 20 arranged in the first primary line 12 and in the second primary line 13 each determine the energy flow through the first primary line 12 or the second primary line 13 and relate the determined energy flow to the energy flow in the third primary line 14. In this way, it can be determined how much energy is released from the central heat storage unit 15 to the decentralized building services system 7 when heating fluid is injected from the first primary line 12 and how much energy is released from the decentralized heat pumps 5 to the central storage unit 15 when the temperature of the central return is raised.
  • the position of the measuring stations 20 shown in the figures merely represents an advantageous configuration.
  • the measuring stations 20 can be placed in the building services system network 11 depending on which system variables are to be measured.
  • the measuring stations 20 can, for example, be heat meters, the position and installation direction of which is often specified by legal requirements.
  • the building services system 7 has a heat pump 5.
  • a receiving heat exchanger (not shown) of the heat pump 5, which functions as an evaporator heat is transferred from the exhaust air of a usage unit 2 to the coolant of the heat pump 5, which circulates in a closed coolant circuit within the heat pump 5.
  • the exhaust air is preferably sucked into the heat pump 5 via a fan (not shown). Due to the energy supply in the evaporator, the coolant changes into the gaseous state and is fed to the compressor 30.
  • the compressor 30, which is operated electrically, increases the pressure of the refrigerant, which heats up considerably in the process.
  • the heated and gaseous coolant is fed to the output heat exchanger 9 of the heat pump 5, which functions as a condenser, where it releases the heat energy to the first heating fluid.
  • the coolant is at least partially liquefied in the condenser 9 and the high pressure drops. The remaining pressure is reduced in an expansion valve.
  • the coolant which is now liquid again, flows back to the receiving heat exchanger to absorb heat energy from the exhaust air of the associated usage unit 2.
  • the delivery heat exchanger 9 is connected via a heat pump return line 31 to a heating flow connection 32, to which the decentralized heating flow line of the heating 8 of the usage unit 2 is connected.
  • a heating return line of the heating 8 of the usage unit 2 is connected to a heating return connection 35 of the building services system 7, which is hydraulically connected to the delivery heat exchanger 9 via a heat pump flow line 36.
  • the building services system 7 also has a first primary line connection 37, with which it is connected to the first primary line 12 of the building 1.
  • the building services system 7 is connected to the second primary line 13 of the building 1 with a second primary line connection 38.
  • the building services system 7 is connected to the third primary line 14 of the building 1 with a third primary line connection 39.
  • the energy recovered by the heat pump 5 is provided to the heater 8 of the usage unit 2 via the heat pump return line 31.
  • heating fluid from a heating pump 45 is continuously pumped through the heat pump return line 31, the heater 8 and the Heat pump flow line 36 is pumped.
  • the heat pump return line 31 and the heat pump flow line 36 connect the heater 8 with the output heat exchanger 9 of the heat pump 5 in a closed circuit.
  • the thermal energy provided via the output heat exchanger 9 is used directly in the heater 8 to heat the usage unit 2.
  • hot heating fluid from the first primary line 12 can be injected into the heat pump return line 31 by means of a heat pump return valve 40, which controls the degree of opening of the connection between the first primary line connection 37 and the heat pump return line 31, in order to raise the temperature of the heating fluid provided at the heater flow connection 32. Because a shut-off valve 46 is arranged in the heat pump return line 31 just behind the discharge heat exchanger 9, the injected heating fluid flows completely to the heater flow connection 32. The amount and/or the temperature of the injected heating fluid are selected depending on the difference between the thermal output required in the heater 8 and the thermal output provided by the heat pump 5.
  • the same injection behavior is achieved when a heat pump flow valve 41, which controls the opening degree of the connection between the third Primary line connection 39 and the heat pump flow line 36 are opened.
  • the heat pump flow valve 41 determines by its degree of opening how much heating fluid can be displaced when injected from the heat pump flow line 36 into the third primary line 14, which serves as the return line to the heat accumulator 15.
  • the degree of opening of the heat pump return valve 40 and/or the heat pump flow valve 41 can be reduced when the thermal output provided by the heat pump 5 approaches the thermal output required in the heater 8, so that less hot heating fluid is injected into the heat pump return line 31. This can be the case, for example, when less heating output is required in the usage unit 2 because the outside temperatures are rising.
  • the thermal output the heat pump 5 to the central heat storage unit 15 of building 1.
  • the building services system 7 has a raising valve 42 which controls the degree of opening of the connection of the third primary flow connection 39 to the heat pump flow line 36. If the raising valve 42 is opened, heating fluid flows from the third primary line 14 into the heat pump flow line 36. This heating fluid is taken from a lower point h3 of the heat accumulator 15 than when the heating fluid is used for injection into the heat pump return line 31, so that it has a relatively low temperature.
  • the heating fluid provided to the heat pump feed line 36 is heated in the output heat exchanger 9 of the heat pump 7 and - because the valves of the heater 8 of the usage unit 2 are closed and the heating pump 45 is switched off - is fed back into the second primary line 13 connected to the second primary line connection 38. In this way, the temperature of the central return in the second primary line 13 is raised and the energy provided by the heat pump 5 can be stored in the central heat storage unit 15, preferably at a height h2 which is higher than the extraction height h3 of the heating fluid.
  • a decentralized buffer or hot water storage unit is not required.
  • the position of the various valves can be controlled by a decentralized control unit 43, which is in signal connection with various sensors and valves.
  • the control unit 43 receives a temperature signal from a temperature sensor (not shown in detail) that is arranged in or on the heat pump return line 31. Based on this temperature signal, the control unit 42 controls the position of the valves 40, 41, For example, the heat pump return valve 40 and/or the heat pump supply valve 41 can be opened to inject heating fluid from the first primary line 12 into the heat pump return line 31 when the temperature in the heat pump return 31 falls below an injection limit value. In this case, the raising valve 42 is closed.
  • the increase valve 42 can be opened when the temperature in the heat pump return line 31 exceeds an increase limit value in order to increase the temperature of the central primary return in the second primary line 13 with excess thermal energy of the heat pump 5.
  • the heat pump return valve 40 and/or the heat pump flow valve 41 are closed in this case.
  • the hot water heat exchanger 47 can be supplied with heating fluid by the feed pump 22 via the first primary line 12 as primary feed.
  • the heating fluid cooled in the hot water heat exchanger 47 is fed back to the heat storage tank 15 via the third primary line 14 as primary return.
  • the raising valve 42 and the heat pump flow valve 41 may be designed as a single valve through which heating fluid flows in two directions.
  • Figures 5 to 7 show further variations of building services systems 7, each of which is integrated into a building services system network 11. Due to the great similarities between the systems in Figures 4 to 7, only the differences will be discussed below. For the same reason, the same reference symbols are assigned to similar or comparable components.
  • the building services system 7 shown in Figure 5 has only one heat pump return valve 40, which is designed to provide a hydraulic To establish or break a connection between the first primary line connection 37 and the heat pump return line 31.
  • the heat pump flow line 36 is hydraulically connected to the third primary line connection 39 without a valve being arranged in the connection.
  • the heat pump return valve 40 is at least partially open.
  • the heating circuit pump 45 is switched on and the valves of the heater 8 are open. Consequently, heating fluid at a high temperature is injected from the first primary line 12 via the heat pump return valve 40 into the heat pump return line 31.
  • the injected fluid displaces cooled heating fluid from the heat pump supply line 36 into the third primary line 14.
  • the amount of injected heating fluid is controlled by the position of the heat pump return valve 40.
  • the heat pump return valve 40 In summer operation, the heat pump return valve 40 is closed. The heating pump 45 is switched off and the valves of the heater 8 are closed. The return pump 23 pumps heating fluid from the heat accumulator 15 via the third primary line into the heat pump flow line 36. After the heating fluid has flowed through the discharge heat exchanger 9 of the heat pump 5, it is returned to the heat accumulator 15 via the second primary line 13.
  • Figure 6 shows a building services system 7 whose heat pump flow line 36 is connected to the third primary line connection 39 by means of a heat pump flow valve 41.
  • the flow through the hydraulic connection between the third primary line connection 39 and the heat pump flow line 41 can be controlled by means of the heat pump flow valve 41.
  • the first primary line connection 37 is connected to the heat pump return line 31 via a hydraulic connection without a valve in the connection.
  • the amount of fluid injected is controlled by the degree of opening of the heat pump flow valve 41.
  • the heat pump flow valve 41 is at least partially opened.
  • the heating circuit pump 45 is switched on and the valves of the heater 8 are open. Consequently, heating fluid at a high temperature is injected from the first primary line 12 into the heat pump return line 31.
  • the injected fluid displaces cooled heating fluid from the heat pump flow line 36 via the heat pump flow valve 41 into the third primary line 14.
  • the amount of injected fluid is controlled by the degree of opening of the heat pump flow valve 41.
  • the heating pump 45 is switched off and the valves of the heater 8 are closed so that no heating fluid can flow through the heater 8.
  • the return pump 23 pumps heating fluid from the heat accumulator 15 via the third primary line via the heat pump flow valve 41 into the heat pump flow line 36. After the heating fluid has flowed through the discharge heat exchanger 9 of the heat pump 5, it is returned to the heat accumulator 15 via the second primary line 13.
  • the amount of heating fluid that flows through the discharge heat exchanger 9 is controlled by the degree of opening of the heat pump flow valve 41.
  • a check valve or shut-off valve 46 may be provided in the line between the first primary line connection 37 and the heat pump return line 46 so that a flow of heating fluid from the heat pump return line 46 to the first primary line connection 37 is prevented.
  • the heat pump flow valve 41 is flowed through in two directions, depending on the operating mode.
  • Figure 7 shows a further embodiment of a building services system 7 in which the heat pump return valve 40 can influence a connection between the heat pump return line 31 and the third primary line connection 37.
  • the operation basically works as described in connection with Figure 4.
  • the entire volume flow i.e. the heating fluid in the decentralized heating circuit and the heating fluid injected from the primary line 12
  • the delivery heat exchanger 9 of the heat pump 5 before heating fluid is displaced into the third primary line 14 via the heat pump return valve 40.
  • the delivery heat exchanger 9 is flowed through by a high volume flow, the heat pump 5 provides a lower spread and the heat pump 5 can therefore be operated with a high degree of efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un système de technologie domestique (7) au moins pour la régulation de la température de l'eau pour une unité d'utilisation (2) d'une pluralité d'unités d'utilisation (2) d'un bâtiment (1), comprenant une premier raccord de ligne primaire (37), un deuxième raccord de ligne primaire (38) et un troisième raccord de ligne primaire (39). Le système de technologie domestique (7) présente également un raccord d'écoulement de chauffage (32), un raccord de retour de chauffage (35) et une pompe à chaleur décentralisée (5) fournie pour être installée dans une unité d'utilisation (2). La pompe à chaleur décentralisée (5) comprend un échangeur de chaleur d'admission, auquel de l'air sortant de l'unité d'utilisation (2) peut être fourni en tant que source de chaleur, et un échangeur de chaleur d'évacuation (9) destiné à chauffer le fluide de chauffage s'écoulant à travers l'échangeur de chaleur d'évacuation (9), le fluide de chauffage chauffé pouvant être évacué au moins partiellement vers une ligne primaire centrale (12, 13, 14) par l'intermédiaire du raccord de ligne primaire correspondante (37, 38, 39) et/ou vers le système de chauffage (8) de l'unité d'utilisation (2) par l'intermédiaire du raccord d'écoulement de chauffage (32).
EP24708227.4A 2023-03-16 2024-03-05 Système de technologie domestique, groupe de systèmes de technologie domestique et procédé de commande d'un système de technologie domestique et/ou d'un groupe de systèmes de technologie domestique Pending EP4680900A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23162240 2023-03-16
PCT/EP2024/055723 WO2024188723A1 (fr) 2023-03-16 2024-03-05 Système de technologie domestique, groupe de systèmes de technologie domestique et procédé de commande d'un système de technologie domestique et/ou d'un groupe de systèmes de technologie domestique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4680900A1 true EP4680900A1 (fr) 2026-01-21

Family

ID=85703826

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP24708225.8A Pending EP4680898A1 (fr) 2023-03-16 2024-03-05 Système de régulation de la température de l'eau d'une unité d'utilisation et dispositif de régulation de la température de l'eau associé
EP24708226.6A Pending EP4680899A1 (fr) 2023-03-16 2024-03-05 Système de technologie domestique, groupe de systèmes de technologie domestique et procédé de commande d'un système de technologie domestique et/ou d'un groupe de systèmes de technologie domestique
EP26159835.3A Pending EP4722605A1 (fr) 2023-03-16 2024-03-05 Système de thermorégulation de l'eau d'une unité d'utilisation et dispositif de thermorégulation de l'eau associé
EP24708227.4A Pending EP4680900A1 (fr) 2023-03-16 2024-03-05 Système de technologie domestique, groupe de systèmes de technologie domestique et procédé de commande d'un système de technologie domestique et/ou d'un groupe de systèmes de technologie domestique

Family Applications Before (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP24708225.8A Pending EP4680898A1 (fr) 2023-03-16 2024-03-05 Système de régulation de la température de l'eau d'une unité d'utilisation et dispositif de régulation de la température de l'eau associé
EP24708226.6A Pending EP4680899A1 (fr) 2023-03-16 2024-03-05 Système de technologie domestique, groupe de systèmes de technologie domestique et procédé de commande d'un système de technologie domestique et/ou d'un groupe de systèmes de technologie domestique
EP26159835.3A Pending EP4722605A1 (fr) 2023-03-16 2024-03-05 Système de thermorégulation de l'eau d'une unité d'utilisation et dispositif de thermorégulation de l'eau associé

Country Status (2)

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EP (4) EP4680898A1 (fr)
WO (3) WO2024188723A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE59301053D1 (de) * 1993-09-24 1996-01-11 Sandler Energietechnik Dezentralisiertes Heizungssystem in Strömungs-Bustechnik.
DE4437845A1 (de) 1994-10-22 1996-04-25 Manfred Weber Anordnung zur Klimatisierung von Räumen
DE102006019175B4 (de) * 2006-04-21 2008-05-08 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmepumpenvorrichtung
FR2926626B1 (fr) * 2008-01-22 2010-06-25 Aldes Aeraulique Installation de production d'eau chaude sanitaire pour une habitation collective
DE202011106855U1 (de) * 2011-10-15 2011-11-29 Institut Für Solarenergieforschung Gmbh Wärmeversorgungssystem mit dezentralen Wärmepumpen und gebäudeintegriertem Wärmequellennetz für Umweltwärme, insbesondere Erdwärme, Umgebungsluft, Abwärme oder/und Solarwärme
FR2984998B1 (fr) * 2011-12-27 2014-01-24 France Air Caisson de traitement d'air
FR2986860B1 (fr) * 2012-02-14 2014-03-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique Installation thermique et procede assurant un conditionnement thermique d'un local et une production d'eau chaude sanitaire
FI123786B (fi) * 2012-04-26 2013-10-31 Datasteel Oy Menetelmä ja laite talon hybridi lämmitys- ja ilmanvaihtojärjestelmän ohjaamiseksi
DE102021107698A1 (de) 2021-03-26 2022-09-29 Peter Hulin-Bischof Niedertemperatur-Wärmenetz
DE102021111725A1 (de) * 2021-05-05 2022-11-10 REKS GmbH Trinkwarmwasser-Erzeugungseinheit zum Erzeugen von Trinkwarmwasser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4680898A1 (fr) 2026-01-21
EP4722605A1 (fr) 2026-04-08
EP4680899A1 (fr) 2026-01-21
WO2024188721A1 (fr) 2024-09-19
WO2024188723A1 (fr) 2024-09-19
WO2024188718A1 (fr) 2024-09-19

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