ES2079334T1 - Ceramica de nitruro de silicio y herramienta de corte fabricada con ella. - Google Patents
Ceramica de nitruro de silicio y herramienta de corte fabricada con ella.Info
- Publication number
- ES2079334T1 ES2079334T1 ES94904409T ES94904409T ES2079334T1 ES 2079334 T1 ES2079334 T1 ES 2079334T1 ES 94904409 T ES94904409 T ES 94904409T ES 94904409 T ES94904409 T ES 94904409T ES 2079334 T1 ES2079334 T1 ES 2079334T1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- silicon nitride
- cutting tool
- nitride ceramics
- tool made
- ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/584—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
- C04B35/593—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride obtained by pressure sintering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
Abstract
LO QUE SE PROPORCIONA ES UNA CERAMICA CON BASE DE NITRURO DE SILICONA QUE ES PARTICULARMENTE UTIL PARA USO COMO UNA HERRAMIENTA CORTADORA (10) EN LAS BRIZNAS A ALTA VELOCIDAD QUE SE FORMAN EN LA FABRICACION DE MATERIALES METALICOS. LA CERAMICA ESTA PREFERIBLEMENTE COMPUESTA DE AL MENOS UNA FASE DE NITRURO DE SILICONA BETA DEL 85 POR CIENTO DEL VOLUMEN (V/O) Y DE UNA FASE INTERGRANULAR MENOR QUE UNOS 5 V/O. LA CERAMICA TIENE UN PORCENTAJE DE MAGNESIO SUPERIOR AL 0,2 POR CIENTO DE SU PESO (P/O), ITRIA SUPERIOR AL 0,2 P/O, DONDE LA SUMA DEL MAGNESIO E ITRIA ES INFERIOR AL 5 P/O. LA CERAMICA TIENE POROSIDAD INFERIOR AL 0,2 V/O. LA HERRAMIENTA (10) TIENE UNA CARA INCLINADA (30) UNIDA A CARAS LATERALES (50) MEDIANTE BORDES CORTANTES (70).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/004,022 US5382273A (en) | 1993-01-15 | 1993-01-15 | Silicon nitride ceramic and cutting tool made thereof |
| PCT/US1993/011903 WO1994016023A1 (en) | 1993-01-15 | 1993-12-07 | Silicon nitride ceramic and cutting tool made thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2079334T1 true ES2079334T1 (es) | 1996-01-16 |
| ES2079334T3 ES2079334T3 (es) | 1999-12-01 |
Family
ID=21708749
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES94904409T Expired - Lifetime ES2079334T3 (es) | 1993-01-15 | 1993-12-07 | Material ceramico de nitruro de silicio y herramienta de corte fabricada de este material. |
| ES99102719T Pending ES2133266T1 (es) | 1993-01-15 | 1993-12-07 | Ceramica de nitruro de silicio y herramienta de corte fabricada de este material. |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES99102719T Pending ES2133266T1 (es) | 1993-01-15 | 1993-12-07 | Ceramica de nitruro de silicio y herramienta de corte fabricada de este material. |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5382273A (es) |
| EP (2) | EP0916633A1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP2997899B2 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR100199460B1 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE184867T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU671349B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2149658C (es) |
| DE (2) | DE69326562T2 (es) |
| ES (2) | ES2079334T3 (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2110369C1 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO1994016023A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (70)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5571760A (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 1996-11-05 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Silicon nitride having a high tensile strength |
| US5759481A (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 1998-06-02 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corp. | Silicon nitride having a high tensile strength |
| JP3588162B2 (ja) * | 1995-05-31 | 2004-11-10 | 京セラ株式会社 | 窒化珪素質切削工具およびその製造方法 |
| US5921725A (en) * | 1996-03-13 | 1999-07-13 | Kashiwagi; Tetsuya | Sintered silicon nitride articles for tools and method of preparation |
| SE513938C2 (sv) * | 1996-07-19 | 2000-11-27 | Sandvik Ab | Skärverktygsmaterial av kiselnitrid |
| US5906677A (en) * | 1997-05-05 | 1999-05-25 | Dudley; Jesse R. | Electrostatic supercharger screen |
| KR19990066754A (ko) | 1997-12-26 | 1999-08-16 | 오카무라 가네오 | 질화규소 소결체, 질화규소 소결체의 제조방법및 질화규소소결체로 제조된 절삭공구 |
| EP0926110B1 (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 2002-04-24 | NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd. | Method for manufacturing of a silicon nitride sintered body and cutting insert formed of the sintered body |
| US6471734B1 (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2002-10-29 | Kennametal Pc Inc. | Ceramic and process for the continuous sintering thereof |
| JP2000271807A (ja) | 1999-03-24 | 2000-10-03 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | 切削工具及び耐摩耗材 |
| US6391812B1 (en) * | 1999-06-23 | 2002-05-21 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Silicon nitride sintered body and method of producing the same |
| US6610113B1 (en) | 1999-09-09 | 2003-08-26 | Kennametal Pc Inc. | Process for heat treating ceramics and articles of manufacture made thereby |
| US6824727B2 (en) * | 2000-10-02 | 2004-11-30 | Indexable Cutting Tools Of Canada Limited | Method for preparing SiAlON ceramic material |
| JP4641609B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-18 | 2011-03-02 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 耐蝕性部材 |
| SE520252C2 (sv) * | 2000-11-22 | 2003-06-17 | Sandvik Ab | Sätt att fräsa ett material bestående av aluminium och perlitiskt grått gjutjärn |
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| US20060024140A1 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2006-02-02 | Wolff Edward C | Removable tap chasers and tap systems including the same |
| JP2006164679A (ja) * | 2004-12-06 | 2006-06-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 画像表示装置 |
| EP1837105A4 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2011-03-16 | Ngk Spark Plug Co | SIALON INSERT AND CUTTING TOOL EQUIPPED WITH SIALON |
| JP2006298691A (ja) * | 2005-04-20 | 2006-11-02 | Hitachi Ltd | 平面型画像表示装置 |
| US8637127B2 (en) | 2005-06-27 | 2014-01-28 | Kennametal Inc. | Composite article with coolant channels and tool fabrication method |
| US7687156B2 (en) | 2005-08-18 | 2010-03-30 | Tdy Industries, Inc. | Composite cutting inserts and methods of making the same |
| JP2009535536A (ja) | 2006-04-27 | 2009-10-01 | ティーディーワイ・インダストリーズ・インコーポレーテッド | モジュール型の固定カッターボーリングビット、モジュール型の固定カッターボーリングビット本体及びそれに関連する方法 |
| WO2008051588A2 (en) | 2006-10-25 | 2008-05-02 | Tdy Industries, Inc. | Articles having improved resistance to thermal cracking |
| US8727673B2 (en) | 2007-01-18 | 2014-05-20 | Kennametal Inc. | Cutting insert with internal coolant delivery and surface feature for enhanced coolant flow |
| US8454274B2 (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2013-06-04 | Kennametal Inc. | Cutting inserts |
| US8439608B2 (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2013-05-14 | Kennametal Inc. | Shim for a cutting insert and cutting insert-shim assembly with internal coolant delivery |
| US7963729B2 (en) | 2007-01-18 | 2011-06-21 | Kennametal Inc. | Milling cutter and milling insert with coolant delivery |
| US20080175679A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 | 2008-07-24 | Paul Dehnhardt Prichard | Milling cutter and milling insert with core and coolant delivery |
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| US7883299B2 (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2011-02-08 | Kennametal Inc. | Metal cutting system for effective coolant delivery |
| US8328471B2 (en) | 2007-01-18 | 2012-12-11 | Kennametal Inc. | Cutting insert with internal coolant delivery and cutting assembly using the same |
| US9101985B2 (en) | 2007-01-18 | 2015-08-11 | Kennametal Inc. | Cutting insert assembly and components thereof |
| US8512882B2 (en) | 2007-02-19 | 2013-08-20 | TDY Industries, LLC | Carbide cutting insert |
| US20080196319A1 (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-08-21 | Advanced Ceramic Manufacturing, Llc | Ceramic round tools for the machining of composite materials |
| JP5031602B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-23 | 2012-09-19 | 京セラ株式会社 | 窒化珪素質焼結体および切削工具ならびに切削加工装置、切削方法 |
| CN104692806B (zh) * | 2007-03-15 | 2017-04-26 | 株式会社东芝 | 滑动部件 |
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| JP4478198B2 (ja) | 2007-03-22 | 2010-06-09 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | インサート及び切削工具 |
| US8557406B2 (en) | 2007-06-28 | 2013-10-15 | Kennametal Inc. | Coated PCBN cutting insert, coated PCBN cutting tool using such coated PCBN cutting insert, and method for making the same |
| US8475944B2 (en) | 2007-06-28 | 2013-07-02 | Kennametal Inc. | Coated ceramic cutting insert and method for making the same |
| EP2168702B1 (en) | 2008-03-26 | 2014-09-03 | Kyocera Corporation | Cutting tool |
| WO2009128386A1 (ja) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-22 | 株式会社東芝 | 耐摩耗性部材、耐摩耗性機器および耐摩耗性部材の製造方法 |
| CN102112642B (zh) | 2008-06-02 | 2013-11-06 | Tdy工业有限责任公司 | 烧结碳化物-金属合金复合物 |
| US8790439B2 (en) | 2008-06-02 | 2014-07-29 | Kennametal Inc. | Composite sintered powder metal articles |
| US8322465B2 (en) | 2008-08-22 | 2012-12-04 | TDY Industries, LLC | Earth-boring bit parts including hybrid cemented carbides and methods of making the same |
| US8025112B2 (en) | 2008-08-22 | 2011-09-27 | Tdy Industries, Inc. | Earth-boring bits and other parts including cemented carbide |
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| US8272816B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2012-09-25 | TDY Industries, LLC | Composite cemented carbide rotary cutting tools and rotary cutting tool blanks |
| US8201610B2 (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2012-06-19 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Methods for manufacturing downhole tools and downhole tool parts |
| US8308096B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2012-11-13 | TDY Industries, LLC | Reinforced roll and method of making same |
| US8440314B2 (en) | 2009-08-25 | 2013-05-14 | TDY Industries, LLC | Coated cutting tools having a platinum group metal concentration gradient and related processes |
| US9643236B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2017-05-09 | Landis Solutions Llc | Thread rolling die and method of making same |
| CA2799911A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2011-11-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Methods of forming at least a portion of earth-boring tools, and articles formed by such methods |
| CA2799987A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2011-11-24 | Baker Hugues Incorporated | Methods of forming at least a portion of earth-boring tools |
| RU2012155102A (ru) | 2010-05-20 | 2014-06-27 | Бейкер Хьюз Инкорпорейтед | Способ формирования по меньшей мере части бурильного инструмента и изделия, сформированные таким способом |
| US8827599B2 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2014-09-09 | Kennametal Inc. | Cutting insert assembly and components thereof |
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| WO2014101517A1 (zh) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-03 | Wu Shanghua | 一种采用物理气相沉积工艺在氮化硅切削刀具表面制备Al2O3涂层及其复合涂层的方法 |
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Family Cites Families (40)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3836374A (en) * | 1972-01-20 | 1974-09-17 | Norton Co | Hot pressed silicon nitride |
| JPS523647B2 (es) * | 1972-10-24 | 1977-01-29 | ||
| US3992497A (en) * | 1973-05-18 | 1976-11-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Pressureless sintering silicon nitride powders |
| US4218257A (en) * | 1975-04-07 | 1980-08-19 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Sintered silicon nitride body and a method of producing the same |
| US4280973A (en) * | 1979-11-14 | 1981-07-28 | Ford Motor Company | Process for producing Si3 N4 base articles by the cold press sinter method |
| US4492765A (en) * | 1980-08-15 | 1985-01-08 | Gte Products Corporation | Si3 N4 ceramic articles having lower density outer layer, and method |
| US4356136A (en) * | 1980-08-29 | 1982-10-26 | Ford Motor Company | Method of densifying an article formed of reaction bonded silicon nitride |
| US5445776A (en) * | 1980-10-20 | 1995-08-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Method for producing high density sintered silicon nitride (Si3 N.sub.4 |
| US4409003A (en) * | 1982-05-20 | 1983-10-11 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Carbonitride coated silicon nitride cutting tools |
| US4848984A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1989-07-18 | Ceradyne, Inc. | Method of making reaction bonded/hot pressed Si3 N4 for use as a cutting tool |
| JPS6054976A (ja) * | 1983-09-02 | 1985-03-29 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 窒化珪素焼結体 |
| US4628039A (en) * | 1984-03-06 | 1986-12-09 | Kyocera Corporation | Sintered silicon nitride body |
| US4603116A (en) * | 1984-04-09 | 1986-07-29 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Silicon nitride based ceramics and method |
| DE3478797D1 (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1989-08-03 | Ford Werke Ag | Method of machine cutting silicon metal particulates with si3n4 |
| US4650498A (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1987-03-17 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Abrasion resistant silicon nitride based articles |
| US4640693A (en) * | 1985-04-15 | 1987-02-03 | Gte Valeron | Coated silicon nitride cutting tool and process for making |
| US4935388A (en) * | 1985-04-29 | 1990-06-19 | Norton Company | Rolling contact bearings, material for bearing surfaces, and process therefor |
| JPS61266359A (ja) * | 1985-05-20 | 1986-11-26 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 窒化珪素焼結体の製造法 |
| US4607017A (en) * | 1985-06-20 | 1986-08-19 | Gte Products Corporation | Silicon nitride based cutting tool |
| US4652276A (en) * | 1986-03-10 | 1987-03-24 | Gte Valeron Corporation | High toughness silicon nitride cutting tools |
| DE3709137A1 (de) * | 1986-03-28 | 1987-10-15 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Siliciumnitrid-sinterkoerper, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und siliciumnitridpulver |
| DE3617488A1 (de) * | 1986-05-24 | 1987-11-26 | Bayer Ag | Sinterfaehige si(pfeil abwaerts)3(pfeil abwaerts)n(pfeil abwaerts)4(pfeil abwaerts)-pulver mit sinteradditiven und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| US4904624A (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1990-02-27 | Norton Company | Silicon nitride with improved high temperature strength |
| JP2563392B2 (ja) * | 1986-11-21 | 1996-12-11 | 株式会社東芝 | 窒化ケイ素系セラミックスおよびその製造方法 |
| JPH0774103B2 (ja) * | 1986-12-27 | 1995-08-09 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 高硬度窒化珪素焼結体 |
| US4943543A (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1990-07-24 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Sintered ceramic materials |
| US4956315A (en) * | 1987-09-02 | 1990-09-11 | Kennametal Inc. | Whisker reinforced ceramics and a method of clad/hot isostatic pressing same |
| JP2512061B2 (ja) * | 1987-11-26 | 1996-07-03 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 均質窒化珪素焼結体およびその製造方法 |
| US4919689A (en) * | 1988-01-27 | 1990-04-24 | The Dow Chemical Company | Self-reinforced silicon nitride ceramic of high fracture toughness |
| US4883776A (en) * | 1988-01-27 | 1989-11-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Self-reinforced silicon nitride ceramic of high fracture toughness and a method of preparing the same |
| US5021372A (en) * | 1988-01-27 | 1991-06-04 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method of preparing a self-reinforced silicon nitride ceramic of high fracture toughness |
| EP0336377B2 (en) * | 1988-04-07 | 1997-07-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Silicon nitride sintered body |
| JP2524201B2 (ja) * | 1988-08-22 | 1996-08-14 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 窒化珪素質焼結体及びその製造方法 |
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| EP0484916A3 (en) * | 1990-11-07 | 1993-06-02 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited | Silicon nitride sintered body |
| US5401450A (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1995-03-28 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd | β-silicon nitride sintered body and method of producing same |
-
1993
- 1993-01-15 US US08/004,022 patent/US5382273A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-07 ES ES94904409T patent/ES2079334T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-07 JP JP6515995A patent/JP2997899B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-07 DE DE69326562T patent/DE69326562T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-07 DE DE0679174T patent/DE679174T1/de active Pending
- 1993-12-07 EP EP99102719A patent/EP0916633A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-12-07 AT AT94904409T patent/ATE184867T1/de active
- 1993-12-07 AU AU58469/94A patent/AU671349B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-12-07 WO PCT/US1993/011903 patent/WO1994016023A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-12-07 ES ES99102719T patent/ES2133266T1/es active Pending
- 1993-12-07 CA CA002149658A patent/CA2149658C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-07 EP EP94904409A patent/EP0679174B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-07 RU RU95116363A patent/RU2110369C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-07 KR KR1019950702899A patent/KR100199460B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-01-12 US US08/371,641 patent/US5525134A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100199460B1 (ko) | 1999-06-15 |
| US5525134A (en) | 1996-06-11 |
| ES2079334T3 (es) | 1999-12-01 |
| EP0679174A1 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
| EP0679174A4 (en) | 1997-06-04 |
| AU671349B2 (en) | 1996-08-22 |
| AU5846994A (en) | 1994-08-15 |
| DE69326562D1 (de) | 1999-10-28 |
| US5382273A (en) | 1995-01-17 |
| KR960700313A (ko) | 1996-01-19 |
| EP0916633A1 (en) | 1999-05-19 |
| CA2149658C (en) | 2000-09-05 |
| DE69326562T2 (de) | 2000-02-24 |
| JP2997899B2 (ja) | 2000-01-11 |
| DE679174T1 (de) | 1996-09-12 |
| WO1994016023A1 (en) | 1994-07-21 |
| RU2110369C1 (ru) | 1998-05-10 |
| ES2133266T1 (es) | 1999-09-16 |
| JPH08503664A (ja) | 1996-04-23 |
| ATE184867T1 (de) | 1999-10-15 |
| EP0679174B1 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
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