ES2081223T3 - Acidos silicicos de precipitacion. - Google Patents
Acidos silicicos de precipitacion.Info
- Publication number
- ES2081223T3 ES2081223T3 ES94115165T ES94115165T ES2081223T3 ES 2081223 T3 ES2081223 T3 ES 2081223T3 ES 94115165 T ES94115165 T ES 94115165T ES 94115165 T ES94115165 T ES 94115165T ES 2081223 T3 ES2081223 T3 ES 2081223T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- precipitation
- ctab
- dbp
- value
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title abstract 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 title abstract 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 2
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/18—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
- C01B33/187—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by acidic treatment of silicates
- C01B33/193—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by acidic treatment of silicates of aqueous solutions of silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/18—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
- C01B33/187—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by acidic treatment of silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/50—Agglomerated particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/14—Pore volume
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/19—Oil-absorption capacity, e.g. DBP values
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4334201 | 1993-10-07 | ||
| DE4427137A DE4427137B4 (de) | 1993-10-07 | 1994-07-30 | Fällungskieselsäure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2081223T3 true ES2081223T3 (es) | 1996-02-16 |
Family
ID=25930239
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES94115165T Expired - Lifetime ES2081223T3 (es) | 1993-10-07 | 1994-09-27 | Acidos silicicos de precipitacion. |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0647591B1 (2) |
| JP (1) | JP2556670B2 (2) |
| KR (1) | KR0140827B1 (2) |
| CN (1) | CN1036990C (2) |
| BR (1) | BR9404019A (2) |
| DE (2) | DE4427137B4 (2) |
| ES (1) | ES2081223T3 (2) |
| FI (1) | FI107143B (2) |
| RU (1) | RU2076066C1 (2) |
| TR (1) | TR28814A (2) |
| TW (1) | TW288031B (2) |
Families Citing this family (73)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6977065B1 (en) | 1993-10-07 | 2005-12-20 | Degussa Ag | Precipitated silicas |
| IN188702B (2) * | 1995-06-01 | 2002-10-26 | Degussa | |
| DE19617039A1 (de) * | 1995-06-01 | 1996-12-05 | Degussa | Fällungskieselsäuren, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung von vulkanisierbaren Kautschukmischungen |
| DE19526476A1 (de) * | 1995-07-20 | 1997-01-23 | Degussa | Fällungskieselsäure |
| DE19527278A1 (de) * | 1995-07-26 | 1997-01-30 | Degussa | Fällungskieselsäure |
| DE19642448A1 (de) * | 1996-03-27 | 1997-10-02 | Degussa | Fällungskieselsäure |
| DE69705121T2 (de) * | 1996-05-31 | 2001-09-27 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Amorphe fällungskieselsäure |
| WO1997045366A1 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-04 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Amorphous precipitated silica |
| US5929156A (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1999-07-27 | J.M. Huber Corporation | Silica product for use in elastomers |
| US5891949A (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1999-04-06 | J.M. Huber Corporation | Natural rubber compound |
| DE19740440A1 (de) * | 1997-09-15 | 1999-03-18 | Degussa | Leicht dispergierbare Fällungskieselsäure |
| IL122851A0 (en) * | 1998-01-05 | 1998-08-16 | Rotem Amfert Negev Ltd | Optimally dispersible precipitated silica particulates process for their preparation and their use |
| JPH11236208A (ja) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-08-31 | Nippon Silica Ind Co Ltd | ゴム補強用含水ケイ酸 |
| US6121346A (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2000-09-19 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Rubber compositions containing fillers having aggregates containing different particle sizes |
| DE19840153A1 (de) | 1998-09-03 | 2000-04-20 | Degussa | Fällungskieselsäure |
| JP2000319513A (ja) * | 1999-05-12 | 2000-11-21 | Nippon Silica Ind Co Ltd | シリコーンゴム補強充填剤 |
| BR0011098A (pt) * | 1999-05-31 | 2002-03-26 | Pirelli | Pneu com baixa resistência ao rolamento para veìculos, banda de rodagem com baixa resistência ao rolamento para pneus de veìculo, e, método para redução da resistência ao rolamento de um pneu |
| US6624233B2 (en) | 1999-05-31 | 2003-09-23 | Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A. | Low rolling resistance tire for vehicles |
| DE60005367T2 (de) * | 1999-07-28 | 2004-06-24 | Akzo-Pq Silica Vof | Fällungskieselsäure , herstellungsverfahren und verwendung |
| DE10112652A1 (de) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-19 | Degussa | Inhomogene Kieselsäuren für Elastomerenmischungen |
| DE10146325A1 (de) * | 2001-09-20 | 2003-04-10 | Degussa | Fällungskieselsäure mit hohem BET/CTAB-Verhältnis |
| KR100560223B1 (ko) * | 2002-06-05 | 2006-03-10 | 삼성코닝 주식회사 | 고정도 연마용 금속 산화물 분말 및 이의 제조방법 |
| DE10330221A1 (de) * | 2002-08-03 | 2004-02-12 | Degussa Ag | Hochdispersible Fällungskieselsäure |
| JP5144878B2 (ja) * | 2002-08-03 | 2013-02-13 | エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハー | 高表面積沈降珪酸 |
| DE10330118A1 (de) * | 2002-08-03 | 2004-02-12 | Degussa Ag | Fällungskieselsäure mit hoher Oberfläche |
| AU2003246733A1 (en) * | 2002-08-03 | 2004-02-25 | Degussa Ag | Highly dispersible precipitated silica having a high surface area |
| BRPI0406904A (pt) | 2003-01-22 | 2005-12-13 | Degussa | ácidos silìcicos especialmente precipitados para aplicações em borrachas |
| CN100572424C (zh) * | 2003-08-19 | 2009-12-23 | 株式会社德山 | 二氧化硅填充橡胶颗粒体及其制造方法 |
| DE102004005411A1 (de) * | 2004-02-03 | 2005-08-18 | Degussa Ag | Hydrophobe Fällungskieselsäure für Entschäumerformulierungen |
| MXPA06013608A (es) | 2004-05-24 | 2007-04-26 | Nycomed Pharma As | Particulado que comprende un compuesto que contiene calcio y un alcohol de azucar. |
| JP4996458B2 (ja) | 2004-06-01 | 2012-08-08 | ニコメド ファーマ エイエス | 活性物質としてカルシウム含有化合物を含み、咀嚼し、舐め、飲み込むことのできる錠剤 |
| SE529160C2 (sv) * | 2004-12-27 | 2007-05-15 | Svenska Aerogel Ab | En metod för framställning av agglomerat av utfällt silikamaterial, ett mikroporöst material innefattande sådana agglomerat och användning därav |
| JP4805584B2 (ja) | 2005-01-21 | 2011-11-02 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | トレッド用ゴム組成物およびそれからなるタイヤ |
| AU2006211023B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2012-05-24 | Takeda Nycomed As | Fast wet-massing method for the preparation of calcium-containing compositions |
| DE602006001295D1 (de) | 2005-02-03 | 2008-07-03 | Nycomed Pharma As | Schmelzgranulation einer zusammensetzung mit einer calziumhaltigen verbindung |
| DE102005043201A1 (de) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-03-15 | Degussa Ag | Fällungskieselsäuren mit einer besonderen Porengrößenverteilung |
| DE602006016641D1 (de) | 2005-12-07 | 2010-10-14 | Nycomed Danmark Aps | Vorkompaktierte calciumhaltige zusammensetzungen |
| UA95093C2 (uk) | 2005-12-07 | 2011-07-11 | Нікомед Фарма Ас | Спосіб одержання кальцієвмісної сполуки |
| EP1803766B1 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2014-03-12 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Rubber composition for coating textile cord and tire using the same |
| DE102007004757A1 (de) * | 2006-05-26 | 2007-11-29 | Degussa Gmbh | Fällungskieselsäuren mit speziellen Oberflächeneigenschaften |
| JP5108352B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-28 | 2012-12-26 | 東海ゴム工業株式会社 | 防振ゴム組成物 |
| JP4896826B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-21 | 2012-03-14 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | トレッド用ゴム組成物およびこれを用いた空気入りタイヤ |
| DE102008017747A1 (de) * | 2008-04-07 | 2009-10-08 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Gefällte Kieselsäuren als Verstärkerfüllstoff für Elastomermischungen |
| DE102008017731A1 (de) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-10-08 | Continental Aktiengesellschaft | Kautschukmischung |
| NZ592528A (en) | 2008-11-17 | 2013-05-31 | Nycomed Pharma As | Improved dissolution stability of calcium carbonate tablets |
| JP2012251134A (ja) * | 2011-05-12 | 2012-12-20 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 組成物 |
| RU2502754C2 (ru) * | 2011-07-20 | 2013-12-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-технический центр "Кама" | Резиновая смесь |
| CN103922346B (zh) * | 2013-01-14 | 2016-05-18 | 上海华明高技术（集团）有限公司 | 高分散沉淀白炭黑的制备方法 |
| CN106700147A (zh) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-05-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 低滚动阻力的橡胶组合物和硫化橡胶及其制备方法和应用 |
| US10981795B2 (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2021-04-20 | Tata Chemicals Limited | Precipitated silica |
| US10995218B2 (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2021-05-04 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Method for producing modified precipitated silica and a composition containing the same |
| WO2018019599A1 (de) | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-01 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hydrophoben, wärmedämmenden materiales |
| RU2759942C2 (ru) | 2017-01-18 | 2021-11-18 | Эвоник Оперейшенс ГмбХ | Гранулированный теплоизоляционный материал и способ его получения |
| DE102017209782A1 (de) | 2017-06-09 | 2018-12-13 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Wärmedämmung eines evakuierbaren Behälters |
| WO2019129605A1 (en) | 2017-12-27 | 2019-07-04 | Rhodia Operations | Silica suspensions |
| WO2019149757A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2019-08-08 | Rhodia Operations | Silica suspension in an organic solvent and method for its manufacture |
| CN108439414A (zh) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-08-24 | 确成硅化学股份有限公司 | 一种pH值摆动法制备高分散大孔容沉淀二氧化硅的方法 |
| JP7184916B2 (ja) | 2018-03-05 | 2022-12-06 | エボニック オペレーションズ ゲーエムベーハー | エーロゲル材料を製造する方法 |
| KR102756383B1 (ko) * | 2018-07-13 | 2025-01-21 | 로디아 오퍼레이션스 | 가공처리 성질이 개선된 침전 실리카 |
| EP3597615A1 (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2020-01-22 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Granular mixed oxide material and thermal insulating composition on its basis |
| CA3105678C (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2022-10-18 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Thermal insulating composition based on silica granulates |
| JP7086266B2 (ja) | 2018-07-18 | 2022-06-17 | エボニック オペレーションズ ゲーエムベーハー | シリカをベースとする成形断熱体を周囲圧力で疎水化する方法 |
| WO2021074047A1 (en) | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-22 | Rhodia Operations | Process for the preparation of modified silica, modified silica and its uses |
| AU2021208280A1 (en) | 2020-01-14 | 2022-09-08 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Silica-based hydrophobic granular material with an increased polarity |
| WO2021190979A1 (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-30 | Rhodia Operations | Whitening oral care compositions |
| KR20230005300A (ko) | 2020-04-30 | 2023-01-09 | 에보니크 오퍼레이션즈 게엠베하 | 증가된 알칼리 안정성을 갖는 실리카 에어로겔 |
| EP3992147A1 (de) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-05-04 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Gefällte kieselsäuren, verfahren zur deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
| WO2022101015A1 (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2022-05-19 | Rhodia Operations | Whitening oral care compositions |
| US20240182312A1 (en) | 2021-04-02 | 2024-06-06 | Rhodia Operations | New silica, process for its preparation and its uses |
| CN114132938B (zh) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-05-24 | 金三江(肇庆)硅材料股份有限公司 | 一种高吸油值低比表面积二氧化硅及其制备方法 |
| US20240158615A1 (en) | 2022-11-02 | 2024-05-16 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Precipitated silica pretreated with a coupling agent and polyethylene glycol for a rubber composition |
| KR20250109223A (ko) | 2022-11-14 | 2025-07-16 | 로디아 오퍼레이션스 | 개질된 침강 실리카, 이의 제조 및 사용 |
| US20240326361A1 (en) | 2023-03-29 | 2024-10-03 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Sealant composition for self-sealing pneumatic tire |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE629129A (2) * | 1962-03-02 | |||
| FR2208948B1 (2) * | 1972-08-24 | 1977-02-25 | Sifrance | |
| FR2471947A1 (fr) * | 1979-12-20 | 1981-06-26 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Silice de precipitation, notamment utilisable comme charge renforcante |
| FR2562534B1 (fr) * | 1984-04-06 | 1986-06-27 | Rhone Poulenc Chim Base | Nouvelle silice precipitee a caracteres morphologiques ameliores, procede pour son obtention et application, notamment comme charge |
| GB8721644D0 (en) * | 1987-09-15 | 1987-10-21 | Unilever Plc | Silicas |
| DE3815670A1 (de) * | 1988-05-07 | 1990-01-25 | Degussa | Feinteilige faellungskieselsaeure mit hoher struktur, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und verwendung |
| FR2646673B1 (fr) * | 1989-05-02 | 1991-09-06 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Silice sous forme de bille, procede de preparation et son utilisation au renforcement des elastomeres |
| FR2649089B1 (fr) * | 1989-07-03 | 1991-12-13 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Silice a porosite controlee et son procede d'obtention |
| FR2673187B1 (fr) * | 1991-02-25 | 1994-07-01 | Michelin & Cie | Composition de caoutchouc et enveloppes de pneumatiques a base de ladite composition. |
| FR2678259B1 (fr) * | 1991-06-26 | 1993-11-05 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Nouvelles silices precipitees sous forme de granules ou de poudres, procedes de synthese et utilisation au renforcement des elastomeres. |
-
1994
- 1994-07-30 DE DE4427137A patent/DE4427137B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-13 TW TW083108447A patent/TW288031B/zh active
- 1994-09-27 ES ES94115165T patent/ES2081223T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-27 EP EP94115165A patent/EP0647591B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1994-09-27 DE DE59400068T patent/DE59400068D1/de not_active Revoked
- 1994-10-05 CN CN94117058A patent/CN1036990C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-10-05 TR TR01023/94A patent/TR28814A/xx unknown
- 1994-10-06 FI FI944679A patent/FI107143B/fi active
- 1994-10-06 KR KR1019940025507A patent/KR0140827B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-10-06 RU RU94035656/26A patent/RU2076066C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-07 BR BR9404019A patent/BR9404019A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-07 JP JP6243783A patent/JP2556670B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TR28814A (tr) | 1997-04-03 |
| DE4427137B4 (de) | 2007-08-23 |
| RU94035656A (ru) | 1997-04-20 |
| CN1109445A (zh) | 1995-10-04 |
| KR0140827B1 (ko) | 1998-06-01 |
| FI107143B (fi) | 2001-06-15 |
| FI944679L (fi) | 1995-04-08 |
| JP2556670B2 (ja) | 1996-11-20 |
| TW288031B (2) | 1996-10-11 |
| BR9404019A (pt) | 1995-06-27 |
| DE59400068D1 (de) | 1996-02-01 |
| FI944679A0 (fi) | 1994-10-06 |
| JPH07172815A (ja) | 1995-07-11 |
| KR950011329A (ko) | 1995-05-15 |
| CN1036990C (zh) | 1998-01-14 |
| EP0647591B1 (de) | 1995-12-20 |
| RU2076066C1 (ru) | 1997-03-27 |
| DE4427137A1 (de) | 1995-04-13 |
| EP0647591A1 (de) | 1995-04-12 |
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