ES2086328T3 - Deposicion quimica de una capa de plata sobre un substrato no conductor. - Google Patents
Deposicion quimica de una capa de plata sobre un substrato no conductor.Info
- Publication number
- ES2086328T3 ES2086328T3 ES90108396T ES90108396T ES2086328T3 ES 2086328 T3 ES2086328 T3 ES 2086328T3 ES 90108396 T ES90108396 T ES 90108396T ES 90108396 T ES90108396 T ES 90108396T ES 2086328 T3 ES2086328 T3 ES 2086328T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- aqueous solution
- substrate
- salt
- conductive substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title abstract 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
- C23C18/285—Sensitising or activating with tin based compound or composition
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/18—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing inorganic materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/46—Deodorants or malodour counteractants, e.g. to inhibit the formation of ammonia or bacteria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/08—Materials for coatings
- A61L29/10—Inorganic materials
- A61L29/106—Inorganic materials other than carbon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. lubricating compositions
- A61L29/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
- A61L31/082—Inorganic materials
- A61L31/088—Other specific inorganic materials not covered by A61L31/084 or A61L31/086
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/42—Coating with noble metals
- C23C18/44—Coating with noble metals using reducing agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/10—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
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- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/10—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
- A61L2300/102—Metals or metal compounds, e.g. salts such as bicarbonates, carbonates, oxides, zeolites, silicates
- A61L2300/104—Silver, e.g. silver sulfadiazine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
- A61L2300/404—Biocides, antimicrobial agents, antiseptic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
- A61L2300/45—Mixtures of two or more drugs, e.g. synergistic mixtures
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- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
- A61L2300/452—Lubricants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/60—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special physical form
- A61L2300/606—Coatings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/60—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special physical form
- A61L2300/606—Coatings
- A61L2300/608—Coatings having two or more layers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/60—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special physical form
- A61L2300/606—Coatings
- A61L2300/608—Coatings having two or more layers
- A61L2300/61—Coatings having two or more layers containing two or more active agents in different layers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/80—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special chemical form
- A61L2300/802—Additives, excipients, e.g. cyclodextrins, fatty acids, surfactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S604/00—Surgery
- Y10S604/905—Aseptic connectors or couplings, e.g. frangible, piercable
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
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- Y10T428/12556—Organic component
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- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
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- Y10T428/12556—Organic component
- Y10T428/12562—Elastomer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
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- Y10T428/12556—Organic component
- Y10T428/12569—Synthetic resin
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- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12875—Platinum group metal-base component
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- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12896—Ag-base component
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- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31692—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
PLATA METALICA SE DEPOSITA SOBRE LA SUPERFICIE DE UN SUSTRATO NO CONDUCTIVO QUE USA UN PROCESO DE DEPOSICION HUMEDA MULTI-ETAPA. LA SUPERFICIE SE LIMPIA, Y ENTONCES SE ACTIVA CON UNA SOLUCION ACUOSA QUE CONTIENE ESTAÑO. LA PLATA SE DEPOSITA COMO UN MATERIAL COLOIDAL DESDE UNA SOLUCION ACUOSA DE UNA SAL QUE CONTIENE PLATA, UN AGENTE DE REDUCCION QUE REDUCE LA SAL PARA FORMAR LA PLATA METALICA, Y UN AGENTE DE CONTROL DE DEPOSICION QUE EVITA QUE LA PLATA DE LA SOLUCION FORME NUCLEOS. DESPUES SE CUBRE EL SUSTRATO, LA CUBIERTA SE ESTABILIZA EN UNA SOLUCION ACUOSA DE UN SAL DE UN METAL DEL GRUPO DEL PLATINO O DEL ORO, DISUELTO EN ACIDO CLORHIDRICO DILUIDO. EL PROCESO ES PARTICULARMENTE EFECTIVO PARA DEPOSITAR PELICULAS UNIFORMES DE 2 A 2000 ANGSTROMS DE ESPESOR, LA CUAL SE ADHIERE FUERTEMENTE AL SUBSTRATO.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US34701689A | 1989-05-04 | 1989-05-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2086328T3 true ES2086328T3 (es) | 1996-07-01 |
Family
ID=23361985
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
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| US (4) | US5395651A (es) |
| EP (3) | EP0400349B1 (es) |
| JP (3) | JP2645431B2 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE134719T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU642872B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2016081C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69025495T2 (es) |
| DK (1) | DK0400349T3 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2086328T3 (es) |
| FI (1) | FI95816C (es) |
| GR (1) | GR3019899T3 (es) |
| NO (1) | NO304746B1 (es) |
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-
1990
- 1990-05-03 FI FI902219A patent/FI95816C/fi active IP Right Grant
- 1990-05-03 NO NO901974A patent/NO304746B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-04 DK DK90108396.4T patent/DK0400349T3/da active
- 1990-05-04 AT AT90108396T patent/ATE134719T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-04 CA CA002016081A patent/CA2016081C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-04 EP EP90108396A patent/EP0400349B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-04 AU AU54734/90A patent/AU642872B2/en not_active Expired
- 1990-05-04 DE DE69025495T patent/DE69025495T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-04 EP EP03017503A patent/EP1375700A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-05-04 EP EP95112862A patent/EP0693576A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-05-04 ES ES90108396T patent/ES2086328T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-07 JP JP2118482A patent/JP2645431B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-06-10 US US07/897,614 patent/US5395651A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-03-06 US US08/399,281 patent/US5747178A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-08 JP JP7320892A patent/JPH08333687A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-12-08 JP JP7320886A patent/JP3030687B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-05-13 GR GR960401281T patent/GR3019899T3/el unknown
-
1998
- 1998-05-04 US US09/072,019 patent/US5965204A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-08-13 US US09/374,709 patent/US6224983B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2016081C (en) | 1999-04-06 |
| DE69025495D1 (de) | 1996-04-04 |
| EP0693576A1 (en) | 1996-01-24 |
| JPH08325743A (ja) | 1996-12-10 |
| JPH03219085A (ja) | 1991-09-26 |
| JP3030687B2 (ja) | 2000-04-10 |
| EP0400349A1 (en) | 1990-12-05 |
| ATE134719T1 (de) | 1996-03-15 |
| NO901974D0 (no) | 1990-05-03 |
| US5747178A (en) | 1998-05-05 |
| AU5473490A (en) | 1990-11-08 |
| NO901974L (no) | 1990-11-05 |
| US6224983B1 (en) | 2001-05-01 |
| EP1375700A1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
| DE69025495T2 (de) | 1996-07-11 |
| NO304746B1 (no) | 1999-02-08 |
| FI95816B (fi) | 1995-12-15 |
| JPH08333687A (ja) | 1996-12-17 |
| EP0400349B1 (en) | 1996-02-28 |
| US5395651A (en) | 1995-03-07 |
| DK0400349T3 (da) | 1996-03-18 |
| FI95816C (fi) | 1996-03-25 |
| GR3019899T3 (en) | 1996-08-31 |
| JP2645431B2 (ja) | 1997-08-25 |
| US5965204A (en) | 1999-10-12 |
| AU642872B2 (en) | 1993-11-04 |
| FI902219A0 (fi) | 1990-05-03 |
| CA2016081A1 (en) | 1990-11-04 |
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