ES2113448T3 - Catalizador de polimerizacion de olefinas, procedimiento para su preparacion y su utilizacion. - Google Patents
Catalizador de polimerizacion de olefinas, procedimiento para su preparacion y su utilizacion.Info
- Publication number
- ES2113448T3 ES2113448T3 ES93106647T ES93106647T ES2113448T3 ES 2113448 T3 ES2113448 T3 ES 2113448T3 ES 93106647 T ES93106647 T ES 93106647T ES 93106647 T ES93106647 T ES 93106647T ES 2113448 T3 ES2113448 T3 ES 2113448T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- procedure
- preparation
- polymerization catalyst
- olephine polymerization
- olephine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F110/06—Propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/619—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/61912—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/619—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/61916—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/6592—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
- C08F4/65922—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/943—Polymerization with metallocene catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
SE PRESENTA UN CATALIZADOR SOPORTADO DE POLIMERIZACION QUE ES APLICABLE EN TODOS LOS PROCESOS DE POLIMERIZACION Y CONSTA DEL PRODUCTO DE REACCION DE A) UN COMPUESTO DE ORGANOALUMINIO SOPORTADO Y B) UN COMPONENTE CATALIZADOR DE METALOCENO.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92107331A EP0578838A1 (en) | 1992-04-29 | 1992-04-29 | Olefin polymerization catalyst, process for its preparation, and its use |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2113448T3 true ES2113448T3 (es) | 1998-05-01 |
Family
ID=8209586
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES93106647T Expired - Lifetime ES2113448T3 (es) | 1992-04-29 | 1993-04-23 | Catalizador de polimerizacion de olefinas, procedimiento para su preparacion y su utilizacion. |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5578537A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0578838A1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP3416692B2 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE160793T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU661142B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2095100A1 (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69315471T2 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2113448T3 (es) |
| FI (1) | FI106381B (es) |
| NO (1) | NO300422B1 (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2124526C1 (es) |
| TW (1) | TW327181B (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA932982B (es) |
Families Citing this family (94)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5466766A (en) * | 1991-05-09 | 1995-11-14 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Metallocenes and processes therefor and therewith |
| US6143854A (en) | 1993-08-06 | 2000-11-07 | Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. | Polymerization catalysts, their production and use |
| TW298593B (es) * | 1993-02-12 | 1997-02-21 | Hoechst Ag | |
| DE4336659A1 (de) * | 1993-10-27 | 1995-05-04 | Witco Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkylaluminoxanen auf inerten Trägermaterialien |
| EP0654476B1 (de) * | 1993-11-24 | 2001-01-24 | TARGOR GmbH | Metallocene, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihrer Verwendung als Katalysatoren |
| FI945959L (fi) * | 1993-12-21 | 1995-06-22 | Hoechst Ag | Metalloseenejä ja niiden käyttö katalyytteinä |
| EP0668157B1 (de) | 1994-02-21 | 2003-05-21 | Basell Polyolefine GmbH | Siegelbare polyolefinische Mehrschichtfolie, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| DK0685494T3 (da) * | 1994-06-03 | 1999-02-15 | Pcd Polymere Ag | Katalysatorbærere, understøttede metallocenkatalysatorer og deres anvendelse til fremstilling af polyolefiner |
| US5468702A (en) * | 1994-07-07 | 1995-11-21 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Method for making a catalyst system |
| DE4436113A1 (de) * | 1994-10-10 | 1996-04-11 | Hoechst Ag | Metallocenverbindung |
| US6043180A (en) * | 1994-11-17 | 2000-03-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Supported catalyst component, supported catalyst, their preparation, and addition polymerization process |
| US6506866B2 (en) | 1994-11-17 | 2003-01-14 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Ethylene copolymer compositions |
| DE4446922A1 (de) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-04 | Hoechst Ag | Metallocenverbindung und ihre Verwendung als Katalysatorkomponente |
| IT1275856B1 (it) * | 1995-03-03 | 1997-10-24 | Spherilene Srl | Composti metallocenici bis-fluorenilici, procedimento per la loro preparazione e loro utilizzo in catalizzatori per la polimerizzazione |
| EP0739897A1 (de) | 1995-04-27 | 1996-10-30 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Mehrkernige Metallocenverbindung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Anwendung als Katalysator |
| TW338046B (en) * | 1995-06-29 | 1998-08-11 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Process for the preparation of stabilized olefin polymers |
| US6166153A (en) * | 1995-07-18 | 2000-12-26 | Fina Technology, Inc. | Process for the syndiotactic propagation of olefins |
| DE19546501A1 (de) | 1995-12-13 | 1997-06-19 | Hoechst Ag | Metallocenverbindung |
| AT403919B (de) * | 1996-02-02 | 1998-06-25 | Danubia Petrochem Polymere | Verfahren zur herstellung von katalysatorträgern und geträgerter polyolefin-katalysatoren sowie deren verwendung für die herstellung von polyolefinen |
| WO1997048735A1 (en) | 1996-06-17 | 1997-12-24 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Mixed transition metal catalyst systems for olefin polymerization |
| US5789278A (en) * | 1996-07-30 | 1998-08-04 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method for fabricating chip modules |
| CA2276214A1 (en) | 1997-02-07 | 1998-08-13 | Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. | Preparation of vinyl-containing macromers |
| DE69809192T2 (de) | 1997-02-07 | 2003-07-24 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc., Baytown | Propylenpolymere enthaltend polyethylenmakromonomere |
| US6187882B1 (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 2001-02-13 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | Process for polymerization of olefins |
| US6103657A (en) | 1997-07-02 | 2000-08-15 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Catalyst for the production of olefin polymers |
| US6268447B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2001-07-31 | Univation Technologies, L.L.C. | Olefin polymerization catalyst |
| US6184327B1 (en) | 1997-12-10 | 2001-02-06 | Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. | Elastomeric propylene polymers |
| US6117962A (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 2000-09-12 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Vinyl-containing stereospecific polypropylene macromers |
| US6197910B1 (en) | 1997-12-10 | 2001-03-06 | Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. | Propylene polymers incorporating macromers |
| EP1046246A4 (en) * | 1998-02-04 | 2004-06-09 | Robert F Friedman | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMBINING REPEATERS ON MULTIPLE SATELLITES IN VIRTUAL CHANNELS |
| EP0953582A1 (en) * | 1998-04-27 | 1999-11-03 | Fina Research S.A. | Polyolefin production |
| US6303719B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2001-10-16 | Univation Technologies | Olefin polymerization catalyst system |
| DE19860174A1 (de) | 1998-12-24 | 2000-06-29 | Clariant Gmbh | Polymeroxidate und ihre Verwendung |
| FI990283L (fi) * | 1999-02-12 | 2000-08-13 | Borealis As | alfa-olefiinin polymerointikatalysattorisysteemi ja sen käyttö alfa -olefiinien polymerointiin |
| US6545108B1 (en) | 1999-02-22 | 2003-04-08 | Eastman Chemical Company | Catalysts containing N-pyrrolyl substituted nitrogen donors |
| WO2000050470A2 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2000-08-31 | Eastman Chemical Company | Catalysts containing n-pyrrolyl substituted nitrogen donors |
| US6288181B1 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2001-09-11 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing polyolefins |
| US6313236B1 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2001-11-06 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing polyolefins |
| US6339134B1 (en) | 1999-05-06 | 2002-01-15 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Polymerization process for producing easier processing polymers |
| US6417298B1 (en) | 1999-06-07 | 2002-07-09 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing ethylene/olefin interpolymers |
| US6417299B1 (en) | 1999-06-07 | 2002-07-09 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing ethylene/olefin interpolymers |
| US6417301B1 (en) | 1999-06-07 | 2002-07-09 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing ethylene/olefin interpolymers |
| US6187879B1 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2001-02-13 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing polyolefins |
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| US20040127658A1 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2004-07-01 | Eastman Chemical Company | Productivity catalysts and microstructure control |
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| US7056996B2 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2006-06-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Productivity catalysts and microstructure control |
| US6809209B2 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2004-10-26 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Nitrogen-containing group-13 anionic compounds for olefin polymerization |
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| US6706891B2 (en) | 2000-11-06 | 2004-03-16 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for the preparation of ligands for olefin polymerization catalysts |
| AU2001294964A1 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2002-05-27 | Univation Technologies, Llc | A method for preparing a catalyst composition and its use in a polymerization process |
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| US6803339B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2004-10-12 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Latent metallocene catalyst systems for olefin polymerization |
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| EP1803747A1 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-04 | Borealis Technology Oy | Surface-modified polymerization catalysts for the preparation of low-gel polyolefin films |
| DE102006020486A1 (de) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-10-31 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Geträgerte Metallalkylverbindung und Verfahren zur Polymerisation von Olefinen in deren Gegenwart |
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| US8318872B2 (en) | 2007-12-18 | 2012-11-27 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Method for controlling bimodal catalyst activity during polymerization |
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| US9416206B2 (en) | 2010-01-22 | 2016-08-16 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Lubricating oil compositions and method for making them |
| KR101310592B1 (ko) | 2010-02-04 | 2013-09-23 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 올레핀 중합용 담지 메탈로센 촉매의 제조방법 |
| EP2383301A1 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2011-11-02 | Ineos Europe Limited | Polymerization process |
| EP2383298A1 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2011-11-02 | Ineos Europe Limited | Polymerization process |
| KR101846489B1 (ko) * | 2010-11-22 | 2018-04-09 | 알베마를 코포레이션 | 활성화제 조성물, 그의 제법 및 촉매 작용에서의 그의 용도 |
| EP2646479B1 (en) | 2010-11-29 | 2014-10-15 | Ineos Sales (UK) Limited | Polymerisation control process |
| CA2824771A1 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2012-07-19 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Process of making modified metallocene catalyst, catalyst produced and use thereof |
| US8383740B1 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2013-02-26 | Ineos Usa Llc | Horizontal agitator |
| ES2665545T3 (es) | 2011-10-17 | 2018-04-26 | Ineos Europe Ag | Control del proceso de desgasificación del polímero |
| US20130281340A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 | 2013-10-24 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Lubricant Compositions Comprising Ethylene Propylene Copolymers and Methods for Making Them |
| EP2986586B1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2018-08-08 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Process for the preparation of a lightly-branched hydrophobe and the corresponding surfactants and applications thereof |
| CN105339327B (zh) | 2013-06-28 | 2020-01-21 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 基于乙烯的超支化寡聚物 |
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| BR112017010747B1 (pt) | 2014-11-25 | 2021-11-16 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Métodos de controle de índice de fusão de poliolefina |
| CN111132988B (zh) | 2017-09-28 | 2023-06-20 | 尤尼威蒂恩技术有限责任公司 | 环状有机化合物和茂金属的合成 |
| CN117098785A (zh) | 2021-04-30 | 2023-11-21 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 用于聚合反应器中不同聚合催化剂之间的转变的方法 |
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| US5057475A (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-10-15 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Mono-Cp heteroatom containing group IVB transition metal complexes with MAO: supported catalyst for olefin polymerization |
| FR2656314B1 (fr) * | 1989-12-22 | 1992-04-17 | Bp Chemicals Snc | Catalyseur a base de zirconium supporte sur du chlorure de magnesium, procede de preparation et utilisation du catalyseur dans la polymerisation des olefines. |
| FR2656315B1 (fr) * | 1989-12-22 | 1992-04-17 | Bp Chemicals Snc | Procede de preparation d'un catalyseur a base de zirconium supporte sur du chlorure de magnesium, et utilisation du catalyseur dans la polymerisation des olefines. |
| JP2826362B2 (ja) * | 1990-02-13 | 1998-11-18 | 三井化学株式会社 | オレフィン重合用固体触媒の製造方法、オレフィン重合用固体触媒およびオレフィンの重合方法 |
| FR2659337B1 (fr) * | 1990-03-12 | 1992-06-05 | Bp Chemicals Snc | Procede de preparation d'un catalyseur a base de zirconium, de titane et/ou de vanadium supporte sur du chlorure de magnesium, et utilisation du catalyseur dans la polymerisation des olefines. |
| FR2659336B1 (fr) * | 1990-03-12 | 1993-05-07 | Bp Chemicals Snc | Catalyseur a base de zirconium, de titane et/ou de vanadium, supporte sur un chlorure de magnesium, procede de preparation et utilisation du catalyseur dans la polymerisation des olefines. |
| DE69222700T2 (de) * | 1991-07-11 | 1998-03-26 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymeren auf Olefinbasis und Olefin-Polymerisationskatalysatoren |
-
1992
- 1992-04-29 EP EP92107331A patent/EP0578838A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-04-08 TW TW082102590A patent/TW327181B/zh active
- 1993-04-23 ES ES93106647T patent/ES2113448T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-23 AT AT93106647T patent/ATE160793T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-23 DE DE69315471T patent/DE69315471T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-04-27 FI FI931883A patent/FI106381B/fi active
- 1993-04-28 ZA ZA932982A patent/ZA932982B/xx unknown
- 1993-04-28 RU RU93004653A patent/RU2124526C1/ru active
- 1993-04-28 JP JP10165193A patent/JP3416692B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-04-28 CA CA002095100A patent/CA2095100A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-04-28 AU AU38249/93A patent/AU661142B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-04-28 NO NO931545A patent/NO300422B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-10-07 US US08/320,127 patent/US5578537A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-06-07 US US08/476,616 patent/US5614455A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU661142B2 (en) | 1995-07-13 |
| NO300422B1 (no) | 1997-05-26 |
| AU3824993A (en) | 1993-11-04 |
| FI931883A0 (fi) | 1993-04-27 |
| NO931545L (no) | 1993-11-01 |
| DE69315471T2 (de) | 1998-05-07 |
| ATE160793T1 (de) | 1997-12-15 |
| CA2095100A1 (en) | 1993-10-30 |
| NO931545D0 (no) | 1993-04-28 |
| TW327181B (en) | 1998-02-21 |
| US5614455A (en) | 1997-03-25 |
| FI106381B (fi) | 2001-01-31 |
| FI931883L (fi) | 1993-10-30 |
| ZA932982B (en) | 1993-11-11 |
| US5578537A (en) | 1996-11-26 |
| EP0578838A1 (en) | 1994-01-19 |
| RU2124526C1 (ru) | 1999-01-10 |
| JP3416692B2 (ja) | 2003-06-16 |
| DE69315471D1 (de) | 1998-01-15 |
| JPH0625350A (ja) | 1994-02-01 |
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