ES2125231T3 - Revestimientos de oxido no cromado para sustratos de aluminio. - Google Patents
Revestimientos de oxido no cromado para sustratos de aluminio.Info
- Publication number
- ES2125231T3 ES2125231T3 ES91202515T ES91202515T ES2125231T3 ES 2125231 T3 ES2125231 T3 ES 2125231T3 ES 91202515 T ES91202515 T ES 91202515T ES 91202515 T ES91202515 T ES 91202515T ES 2125231 T3 ES2125231 T3 ES 2125231T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- cobalt
- coating
- complex
- solution
- iii
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title abstract 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 8
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract 8
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract 7
- 238000007739 conversion coating Methods 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Chemical compound O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000350 glycoloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/20—Complexes with ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
- C23C22/56—Treatment of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
- C23C22/66—Treatment of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/68—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous solutions with pH between 6 and 8
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/82—After-treatment
- C23C22/83—Chemical after-treatment
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Insulated Metal Substrates For Printed Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
(A.) UN PROCESO PARA LA FORMACION DE UN RECUBRIMIENTO DE CONVERSION DE COBALTO EN UN SUBSTRATO DE METAL, IMPARTIENDO, DE ESTE MODO, PROPIEDADES DE RESISTENCIA A LA CORROSION Y ADHERENCIA DE LA PINTURA. LA INVENCION SE REALIZO COMO SUBSTITUYENTE DEL PROCESO DE ACIDO CROMICO DE DISEÑO PREVIO. EL PROCESO INCLUYE LOS PASOS DE: (A) SUMINISTRO DE UNA SOLUCION DE CONVERSION DE COBALTO QUE COMPRENDE UNA SOLUCION ACUOSA QUE CONTIENE UN COMPLEJO HEXAVALENTE DE COBALTO-III SOLUBLE, SIENDO LA CONCENTRACION DEL COMPLEJO HEXAVALENTE DE COBALTO-III SOLUBLE DE 0,01 MOLES, APROXIMADAMENTE, POR LITRO DE SOLUCION HASTA EL LIMITE DE SATURACION DEL COMPLEJO HEXAVALENTE DE COBALTO-III SOLUBLE Y ACIDO ACETICO; Y (B) PUESTA EN CONTACTO DEL SUBSTRATO CON LA SOLUCION DURANTE UN PERIODO SUFICIENTE DE TIEMPO, DE ESTE MODO SE FORMA EL RECUBRIMIENTO DE CONVERSION DE COBALTO. EL SUBSTRATO PUEDE SER ALUMINIO O ALEACION DE ALUMINIO, ASI COMO REVESTIDO DE CD, REVESTIDO DE ZN, REVESTIDO DE ZN-NI Y ACERO. EL COMPLEJO HEXAVALENTE DE COBALTO-III SOLUBLE PUEDE ESTAR PRESENTE EN FORMA DE [CO(NH3)6]X3 EN DONDE X ES CL, BR, NO3, CN, SCN, PO4, SO4, C2H3O2 O CO3. (B.) UNA SOLUCION DE RECUBRIMIENTO DE CONVERSION QUIMICA PARA PRODUCIR EL RECUBRIMIENTO DE CONVERSION DE COBALTO, INCLUYENDO LA SOLUCION UNA SOLUCION ACUOSA QUE CONTIENE UN COMPLEJO HEXAVALENTE DE COBALTO-III SOLUBLE, SIENDO LA CONCENTRACION DEL COMPLEJO HEXAVALENTE DE COBALTO-III SOLUBLE DE 0,01 MOLES, APROXIMADAMENTE, POR LITRO DE SOLUCION HASTA EL LIMITE DE SATURACION DEL COMPLEJO HEXAVALENTE DE COBALTO-III. LA SOLUCION DE CONVERSION DE COBALTO SE PUEDE PREPARAR MEDIANTE UNA SECUENCIA DE COMPOSICION DE BAÑO QUE INCLUYA LOS PASOS DE: (A) DISOLUCION DE UNA SAL DE COBALTO-II; (B) A CONTINUACION, DISOLUCION DE UNA SAL DE NITRATO METALICO; Y (C), A CONTINUACION, LA ADICION DE ACETATO DE AMONIO. (C.) UN ARTICULO RECUBIERTO QUE MUESTRA PROPIEDADES DE RESISTENCIA A LA CORROSION Y ADHERENCIA DE LA PINTURA, INCLUYENDO EL ARTICULO: (A) UN SUBSTRATO METALICO; Y (B) UNRECUBRIMIENTO DE CONVERSION DE COBALTO FORMADO EN EL SUBSTRATO, INCLUYENDO EL RECUBRIMIENTO DE CONVERSION DE COBALTO OXIDO DE ALUMINIO AL2O3 COMO PORCENTAJE MAYOR DE VOLUMEN Y OXIDOS DE COBALTO COO, CO3O4 Y CO2O3.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US73256891A | 1991-07-19 | 1991-07-19 | |
| AU31835/93A AU670768B2 (en) | 1991-07-19 | 1993-01-15 | Non-chromated oxide coating for aluminium substrates |
| BR9300215A BR9300215A (pt) | 1991-07-19 | 1993-01-18 | Processo para a formação de um revestimento por conversão de cobalto em um substrato de metal e solução química para produzir a formação de tal revestimento de cobalto em um substrato de metal |
| ZA93316A ZA93316B (en) | 1991-07-19 | 1993-01-18 | Non-chromated oxide coating for aluminum substrates |
| CA002087473A CA2087473C (en) | 1990-05-17 | 1993-01-18 | Non-chromated oxide coating for aluminum substrates |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2125231T3 true ES2125231T3 (es) | 1999-03-01 |
Family
ID=27506769
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES91202515T Expired - Lifetime ES2125231T3 (es) | 1991-07-19 | 1991-09-26 | Revestimientos de oxido no cromado para sustratos de aluminio. |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0523288B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP3194605B2 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE173513T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU670768B2 (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69130502T2 (es) |
| DK (1) | DK0523288T3 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2125231T3 (es) |
| TW (1) | TW387020B (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA93316B (es) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5298092A (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1994-03-29 | The Boeing Company | Non-chromated oxide coating for aluminum substrates |
| US5551994A (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1996-09-03 | The Boeing Company | Non-chromated oxide coating for aluminum substrates |
| US5468307A (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1995-11-21 | Schriever; Matthias P. | Non-chromated oxide coating for aluminum substrates |
| US5472524A (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1995-12-05 | The Boeing Company | Non-chromated cobalt conversion coating method and coated articles |
| US5411606A (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1995-05-02 | The Boeing Company | Non-chromated oxide coating for aluminum substrates |
| CN1138873C (zh) * | 1992-06-25 | 2004-02-18 | 波音公司 | 在金属基体上形成钴转化膜层的方法，钴转化镀膜液及其用途 |
| US5873953A (en) * | 1996-12-26 | 1999-02-23 | The Boeing Company | Non-chromated oxide coating for aluminum substrates |
| DE19807688C2 (de) * | 1998-02-25 | 2003-06-26 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verwendung einer chromfreien Konversionslösung auf Zirkonbasis als Schutzfilm auf einzugießenden Leichtmetall-Rohlingen einer Zylinderlaufbüchse |
| US6471788B1 (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2002-10-29 | Lynntech Coatings, Ltd. | Ferrate conversion coatings for metal substrates |
| AU2186800A (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2000-07-03 | Lynntech, Inc. | Ferrate conversion coatings for metal substrates |
| AU2002361689A1 (en) | 2002-01-04 | 2003-07-30 | University Of Dayton | Non-toxic corrosion protection pigments based on cobalt |
| US7235142B2 (en) | 2002-01-04 | 2007-06-26 | University Of Dayton | Non-toxic corrosion-protection rinses and seals based on cobalt |
| US7294211B2 (en) | 2002-01-04 | 2007-11-13 | University Of Dayton | Non-toxic corrosion-protection conversion coats based on cobalt |
| US6818313B2 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2004-11-16 | University Of Dayton | Corrosion-inhibiting coating |
| US20040011252A1 (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2004-01-22 | Sturgill Jeffrey A. | Non-toxic corrosion-protection pigments based on manganese |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3905838A (en) * | 1974-04-10 | 1975-09-16 | Hikaru Ito | Bath for treating aluminum and aluminum alloys to form oxide film nonelectrolytically thereon and method for the treatment |
| US5298092A (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1994-03-29 | The Boeing Company | Non-chromated oxide coating for aluminum substrates |
| DE69126507T2 (de) * | 1990-11-30 | 1997-09-25 | Boeing Co | Chromatfreier Kobalt-Konversionsüberzug |
| CN1138873C (zh) * | 1992-06-25 | 2004-02-18 | 波音公司 | 在金属基体上形成钴转化膜层的方法，钴转化镀膜液及其用途 |
-
1991
- 1991-09-26 ES ES91202515T patent/ES2125231T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-26 AT AT91202515T patent/ATE173513T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-26 DE DE69130502T patent/DE69130502T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-26 DK DK91202515T patent/DK0523288T3/da active
- 1991-09-26 EP EP91202515A patent/EP0523288B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-15 JP JP30047191A patent/JP3194605B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-01-15 AU AU31835/93A patent/AU670768B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-01-18 TW TW082100282A patent/TW387020B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-01-18 ZA ZA93316A patent/ZA93316B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE173513T1 (de) | 1998-12-15 |
| EP0523288A1 (en) | 1993-01-20 |
| JPH0544052A (ja) | 1993-02-23 |
| DE69130502T2 (de) | 1999-05-06 |
| EP0523288B1 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
| JP3194605B2 (ja) | 2001-07-30 |
| AU3183593A (en) | 1994-07-28 |
| DK0523288T3 (da) | 1999-08-02 |
| AU670768B2 (en) | 1996-08-01 |
| ZA93316B (en) | 1993-08-27 |
| TW387020B (en) | 2000-04-11 |
| DE69130502D1 (de) | 1998-12-24 |
| HK1013853A1 (en) | 1999-09-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FG2A | Definitive protection |
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