ES2143454T5 - DETERGENT COMPOSITION. - Google Patents

Abstract

Laundry detergent composition whose composition contains: (i) from 4% to 30% by weight of a surfactant system comprising an anionic surfactant and also a non-ionic surfactant where the weight ratio between the anionic surfactant and the non-ionic surfactant is comprised between 10: 1 and 1: 2 and (ii) a detergency builder, characterized in that the anionic surfactant comprises at least 80% by weight of alkylsulfate of mixed alkyl chain length such that at least 15% by weight of the alkyl chains present in the alkyl sulfate are chains of 12 carbon atoms, at least 25% by weight of said alkyl chains are chains of 18 carbon atoms and the weight ratio of the alkyl chains of 12 carbon atoms with respect to the alkyl chains of 18 carbon atoms are in the range of 2: 1 to 1: 5.

Description

Detergent composition.

This invention relates to a composition. detergent, particularly a detergent composition for the laundry

The compositions for washing clothes they contain, as an essential ingredient, a surfactant system whose mission is to favor the removal of dirt from the clothes and their suspension in the wash liquor. Detergent materials adequate assets affect a number of types that include anionic, nonionic and cationic materials and products commercials contain materials selected from one or more of These guys.

Anionic active detergent materials employees that are mostly used are sulfates of alkylbenzene. These provide satisfactory results. particularly at high temperatures. Alternatives have been sought  to anionic surfactants for use under conditions in which alkylbenzene sulphonates were not recommended, but, in general terms, the result of other materials Anionic active detergents is not satisfactory.

Other anionic surfactants alternative are known primary alcohol sulfates (PAS) also as alkyl sulfates. The use of PAS is recommended obtained from tallow. In this way, the document GB-A-1399966 (The Procter & Gamble Company) describes a detergent composition whose system Surfactant is a mixture of sodium fatty alkyl sulfate and a non-ionic active detergent material. However, fatty PAS It has the disadvantage that at high temperatures it does not provide good results. The tendency to lower wash temperatures It results in a significant disadvantage.

In the art, other PAS have been proposed. So, for example, the document GB-A-1399966, mentioned previously, it also describes the possibility of using the PAS obtained from coconut oil. It has been observed that under some conditions, the PAS obtained from coconut oil can provide better results than the PAS obtained from of sebum at low temperatures, but under other conditions its behavior at higher temperatures is significantly worse than the material obtained from tallow. So, even though the consumer expects a simple product that provides good results at low and high temperatures, the replacement of the PAS obtained from tallow by PAS obtained from oil from Coconut does not turn out to be an interesting option.

Compositions containing a sulfate of alkyl alcohol of 12 to 14 carbon atoms, alcohol sulfate tallow, non-ionic tesioactive agent and detergency builder are described in EP-A-0 085 448.

An objective of the present invention is to provide a PAS-based surfactant system that is capable of providing a good combination of quality levels in a temperature range

It has been proven that this can be obtained with a PAS with a wider range of lengths for the chain alkyl, when the source of the alkyl chains is only tallow or only coconut oil. The use of a PAS obtained at from a mixture of sources can provide better results that the PAS obtained from sebum at low temperatures and that the PAS obtained from coconut oil at higher temperatures Under these conditions, you have better results that with PAS obtained from tallow or oil from coconut. Although, they can provide better results to certain temperatures, the use of PAS with a wider range of lengths for the alkyl chain can provide good results in a wider range of temperatures.

The range of chain lengths can characterized by the presence of alkyl chains of twelve and of eighteen carbon atoms in quantities or in a proportion that does not takes place when the alkyl chains come from a single Natural source.

Thus, according to this invention, provides a laundry detergent composition whose composition contains:

(i) from 4% to 30% by weight of a system surfactant comprising an anionic surfactant e also a nonionic surfactant where the ratio weight between the anionic surfactant and the agent nonionic surfactant is between 10: 1 and 1: 2 and

\hbox{alquílicas de 18 átomos de carbono  este
comprendida en el intervalo de 2:1 a 1:5.}

(ii) detergency builder, characterized in that the anionic surfactant comprises at least 80% by weight of alkylsulfate of mixed alkyl chain length such that at least 15% by weight of the alkyl chains present in the alkylsulfate are chains of 12 carbon atoms, at least 25% by weight of said alkyl chains are chains of 18 carbon atoms and the weight ratio of the alkyl chains of 12 carbon atoms with respect to the chains

 \ hbox {alkyl of 18 carbon atoms east
in the range of 2: 1 to 1: 5.} 

When comparing, in a material obtained from coco the alkyl percentages of 12 to 18 carbon atoms are typically in the range of 52% to 12%, which equivalent to a ratio greater than 3: 1 (and indeed greater than 4: 1) while in a material obtained from tallow the chains alkyl can be 70% alkyl of 18 carbon atoms with almost complete absence of alkyl chains of 12 atoms of carbon.

As stated, the alkyl sulfate of mixed chain lengths is at least 80% of the agent anionic surfactant present. Naturally, it can constitute the Total anionic surfactant present.

Alkyl sulfates are also known as alcohol salts of sulfated fatty acid. Sulfates of alkyl, particularly considered in this invention, are obtained normally from natural alcohols, such as obtained by reducing oil glycerides and natural fats

Natural alcohols rich in chains alkyl of 12 carbon atoms include those derived from babassu, coconut, uricuri and palm, while alcohols rich in chains of 18 carbon atoms include those derived from cow tallow, capoc, olive, peanut, sesame, resin oil and tea seed.

Natural alcohols can be hydrogenated, in in which case unsaturated alkyl chains will be absent. Without However, the PAS obtained from non-hydrogenated materials, such As the non-hydrogenated alcohol obtained from tallow, it can be used so that unsaturated chains are present. Unsaturated chains of 18 carbon atoms will normally be oily, but it can also occur, for For example, linoleic chains may occur.

In addition to the chains of 12 carbon atoms a 18 carbon atoms in PAS materials useful herein invention other unsaturated alkyl chains may be present. These chains normally have between 8 and 18 carbon atoms. Be they prefer materials that contain more than one small amount, that is more than 2%, of chains containing more than 18 carbon atoms or less than 8 carbon atoms.

From the standpoint of availability, it prefers the use of a PAS obtained from tallow and coconut in the weight ratio of 3: 1 to 1: 3, more preferably 2: 1 to 1: 2

The use of water soluble salts of anionic surfactants, particularly their metal salts alkaline (sodium or potassium).

Compositions, in accordance with this invention, contain from 4% to 30% by weight of the system surfactant

The compositions of the invention contain also a nonionic surfactant. It has been proven that it is advantageous if such a non-ionic surfactant it has an HLB of less than 10.5, although it is still beneficial when the nonionic surfactant has an HLB greater than East.

Nonionic surfactants, which may used, are the reaction products of the compounds with a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkylphenols with oxides of alkylene, particularly ethylene oxide with or without oxide of propylene Specific non-ionic detergent compounds are alkyl condensates (from 6 to 22 atoms of carbon) -phenols-ethylene oxide, condensation of aliphatic alcohol products (8-18 carbon atoms) linear or branched primary or secondary with ethylene oxide and products obtained from the condensation of oxide of ethylene with the reaction products of propylene oxide and the ethylenediamine

When alkylene oxide adducts of Fatty materials are used as non-ionic agents, the number of alkylene oxide groups per molecule has an effect considerable on the HLB of the non-ionic surfactant. The chain length and the nature of the fatty material influence, likewise, and thus, the preferred number of oxide groups of alkylene per molecule depends on the nature and length of the fatty material chain.

The weight relationship between the agent anionic surfactant and the nonionic surfactant is between 10: 1 and 1: 2.

The surfactant system may include other surfactant materials in addition to the specified alkyl sulfate and the non-ionic materials mentioned above. These others surfactant materials can be selected from the group consisting in other anionic active detergent materials, materials Zwitterionic or amphoteric active detergents or mixtures thereof.

The level of any other surfactant material additional will not exceed 50% of the composition. It is preferable that there is no more than 40% of the total amount of the agent surfactant in the composition and may be perhaps greater than 5% by weight of the total composition.

The other active detergent materials anionics that may be present, may be salts Common water-soluble alkali metal sulphonates organic with alkyl radicals containing from 8 to 22 atoms of carbon, the term alkyl being used to include the portion Long chain acyl radical alkyl. Examples of Suitable synthetic anionic detergent compounds are those alkyl- (from 9 to 20 carbon atoms) -benzene sodium and potassium sulphonates, particularly those of alkyl- (from 10 to 15 carbon atoms) - secondary benzene linear sodium sulphonates, sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfates, especially those ethers of higher alcohols obtained at from coconut and tallow oil and derived synthetic alcohols of petroleum, monoglyceride sulfates and fatty sodium sulphonates derivatives of coconut oil, sodium and potassium salts of esters of sulfuric acid from reaction products between fatty alcohols higher (from 8 to 18 carbon atoms) and ethylene oxide, the fatty acid reaction products such as fatty acids coconut derivatives esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide, sodium and potassium salts of methyltaurine fatty acid amides, alkane monosulfonates such as those derived from the reaction of alphaolefins (from 8 to 20 carbon atoms) with sodium bisulfite and derivatives of the paraffin reaction with SO2 and Cl2 and subsequent hydrolysis with a base in order to obtain a random sulfate. Soap It is another anionic detergent active material that can be included, particularly soap with a high proportion of chains acyl.

The compositions of the invention contain also a detergent improver material. This can be any material capable of reducing the level of free calcium ions in the bath liquor and will preferably provide the compositions with other beneficial properties such as the alkaline pH generation and dirt suspension removed of the cloth. The amount of material improved in a composition of this invention may be particularly comprised in the range of 15% to 60% by weight of the composition.

Examples of detergent builders inorganic phosphorus-containing, when present, include water soluble salts particularly metal pyrophosphates alkaline, orthophosphates, metaphosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates. Specific examples of inorganic phosphate improvers include sodium and potassium tripolyphosphates, orthophosphates and hexametaphosphates

Examples of detergent builders inorganic that do not contain phosphorus, when present, include water soluble alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, silicates and crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates. Specific examples include sodium carbonate (with or without seeds of calcite), potassium carbonate (with or without calcite seeds), sodium and potassium bicarbonates and silicates.

Examples of detergent builders organic, are present, include alkali metal polyacetates,  of ammonium and substituted ammonium, polycarboxylate carboxylates, polyacetyl carboxylates and polyhydroxysulfonates. Examples Specific include sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and ammonium salts substituted ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, acid nitrilotriacetic, oxidisuccinic acid, melitic acid, acids benzene polycarboxylic and citric acid.

It is preferred that the compositions, according with the invention, be alkaline, that is at concentrations of 1 g / l in distilled water at 25 ° C the pH should be at least 8, preferably at least 10. For this purpose, the compositions they can include a water soluble alkaline salt. This salt can be a detergent builder or alkaline material non-improver

In addition to the ingredients already mentioned, you can an optional ingredient number be present. Examples of other ingredients that may be present in the composition include fabric softening agents such as fatty amines, clay materials fabric softeners, reinforcers foam, such as alkanolamides, particularly those monoethanolamides derived from the fatty acids of the fruit of the palm and coconut-derived fatty acids, foam reducers, oxygen bleaching agents, such as perborate sodium and sodium percarbonate, peach bleaching precursors, chlorine bleaching agents, such as acid trichloroisocyanuric, inorganic salts, such as sodium sulfate and  normally present in smaller amounts, fluorescent agents, perfumes that include deodorants, enzymes, such as proteases, cellulases, amylases and lipases, germicides and dyes.

Detergent compositions according to the invention can be prepared by a number of different methods according to your physical form. In the case of granular products, they can be prepared by dry mixing or coagglomeration. A Preferred physical form is a granule that incorporates a salt of the detergent builder conveniently obtained by dehydrating by spraying at least part of the composition. In this process, a  mixture is prepared containing heat insensitive components of the composition, such as the surfactant system, the adjuvant and the filling salt. The mixture is dehydrated by spraying with the in order to form base powder granules with which any Heat-insensitive solid ingredient can be mixed, such Ingredients include bleach and enzymes. The agents specific nonionic surfactants can be liquefied by liquefaction or dissolution of the solvent and sprayed on the base powder granules, being preferable to include them in the mixing by spray dehydration. The invention is will describe below in more detail by the following In no case limiting examples.

Examples from 1 to 6

Bath liquors in water were prepared with a French 25 ° hardness (FH) (equivalent to a concentration of 2.5 x 10-3 molar calcium ion). The bath liquor contained the 6 g / l equivalent of a composition containing (by weight):

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Anionic surfactant specific 9% Surfactant nonionic specific 4% Tripolyphosphate sodium 2. 3% Carbonate sodium 6% Sodium alkalinosilicate 5.5% Sulfate sodium 30.8% Chloride sodium 2.93% Water -he rest-

Sodium chloride was included being equivalent in Ionic intensity at 5% sodium perborate monohydrate which I would be present in practice. The bleach has not been taken in account in these experiments in order to avoid any confusion between detergency and bleaching effect in the results analysis.

Bath liquors were used for washing of a quantity of cloth in liquor with a cloth ratio of 50: 1. This included a number of polyester indicators to which had previously applied a quantity of triolein marked with 14 carbon atoms The measurement of the level of triolein marked after washing, through the use of radioactive indicator techniques, provides an indication of the degree of detergency obtained, is say the removal of dirt.

The washing time was 20 minutes with a 70 rpm stirring. The washes were isothermal at temperatures, as specified below.

Surfactants were used anionics listed in the following table:

Length distribution of chain (%)

2

one- of Alzo; ELFAN is a brand registered. 2- from Henkel; SULFOPON It is a registered trademark.

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In examples 1 to 6 the surfactant nonionic was SYNPERONIC A7 (from ICI) which is mainly alcohol ethoxylated C 13 / C 15 with an average of 7 moles of oxide of ethylene. This non-ionic surfactant has an HLB of 11.7. SYNPERONIC is a registered trademark.

The results obtained were the following:

3

From these results it is clear that, as with examples 1 to 6, at 60 ° C ELFAN KT550 exceeds PAS obtained only from coconut, ELFAN 280. At temperatures less than 30º C, ELFAN KT550 exceeds the materials obtained only from coconut oil and tallow oil.

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Examples 7 to 12

Examples 1 to 6 were repeated, except that the non-ionic agent was a mixture of 1 part of SYNPERONIC A7 with 3 parts of SYNPERONIC A3, similar material in which alcohol is Extoxylate with an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule. This mixture of non-ionic surfactant has an HLB of approximately 9.0.

The results were the following:

4

From these results it is clear that, as with examples 1 to 6, at 60 ° C ELFAN KT550 exceeds PAS derived from coconut only, ELFAN 280. At lower temperatures, ELFAN KT550 exceeds PAS derived solely from tallow, SULFOPON T55l, while there is no significant difference in results obtained with material derived solely from coconut.

A comparison of the results of the examples 7 to 12 with those of examples 1 to 6 demonstrate that it is Preferably the use of a non-ionic surfactant with an HLB lower.

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Examples 13 a 24

Examples 1 to 3 were repeated, but the levels and proportions of the surfactants varied. Variations in composition and results have been collected in the list that follows below in which "A3" and "A7" means SYNPERONIC A3 and SYNPERONIC A7. Temperature wash was 30 ° C in each example, as with examples 1 to 3.

5

As can be seen in each case, the ELFAN KT550 surpasses all SULFOPON T55 derived tallow and approaches or exceeds to all ELFAN 280 derived from coconut oil. In each case, these amounts for dirt removal are better than the average quantities for all materials tallow and coconut oil derivatives.

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Examples 25 to 31

Bath liquors were prepared in 30º French (FH) water (equivalent to a concentration of free calcium ion of 3.0 x 10-3 molar). The bath liquor contained the equivalent of 6 g / l of a composition containing (in
weight):

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Surfactant specific 13% Zeolite 24% Polyacrylate 4% Sulfate sodium 20.6% Carbonate sodium 12% Water -he rest-

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Each wash liquor composition was used for washing some test fabrics in a Tergotometer, in a thermal cycle at 60 ° C. After washing, the increase in reflectance of test fabrics.

The test clothes used had several stains as follows:

EMPA-104: Chinese ink manca and olive oil.

WFK-10C: Spot with predominance of wool grease, with smaller amounts of kaolin, carbon black and iron oxide.

PC-9: Walnut oil stain background, Chinese ink and iron oxide.

The agent (s) specified surfactant (s) consists of all or some of the hydrogenated alcohol sulfates obtained at from tallow (TAS) and / or alcohol sulfates obtained from coconut oil (CAS) and mixtures with the non-ionic agent (NI) that was SYNPERONIC A3, ie fatty alcohol with C 13 / C 15 ethoxylated with an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule.

The results were the following:

6

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out of reach of the invention

As can be seen in each case the mixture of coconut and tallow hydrogenated surfactants provides a better detergency than any of the agents surfactants used separately.

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Examples 32 and 33

Water wash liquors were prepared with a hardness of 25 ° French (FH). The bath liquors contained the 6 g / l equivalent of a composition containing (by weight):

7

For example 32 the anionic surfactant was ELFAN KT5500. For example 33 the anionic surfactant was PAS derived from myristyl alcohol (ie alcohol with 14 carbon atoms). Bath liquors are tested as in Examples 1 to 6, although a different grade of polyester was used for clothes
test.

The results of dirt removal were:

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Example 32 (ELFAN KT550) 28.1% Example 33 (PAS with 14 carbon atoms) 26.0%

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Example 3. 4

The following formulation was prepared dehydrating by spraying a mixture of some of the ingredients in order to form a base powder and then it sprayed on some of the non-ionic surfactants and It was subsequently dosed to the remaining ingredients.

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8

This composition was used for washing a variety of stained clothes under a variety of conditions, the results being calculated by measuring the reflactance of the indicators treated. Surfactants employees were the PAS obtained from tallow, the PAS obtained from from coconut oil and a mixture with a 50/50 ratio of both of them.

The advantages observed in the examples Previously, this case was also observed. So, mix with a 50/50 ratio generally provides better results that the PAS obtained only from coconut oil, while than in a number of stains (particularly engine lubricant used and applied on white cotton) the mixture exceeded both alternatives.

Claims (3)

1. Detergent composition for laundry whose composition contains: (i) from 4% to 30% by weight of a system surfactant comprising an anionic surfactant e also a nonionic surfactant where the ratio weight between the anionic surfactant and the agent nonionic surfactant is between 10: 1 and 1: 2 and (ii) a detergency aid, characterized in that the anionic surfactant comprises at least 80% by weight of alkylsulfate of mixed alkyl chain length such that at least 15% by weight of the alkyl chains present in the alkylsulfate are chains of 12 carbon atoms, at least one 25% by weight of said alkyl chains are chains of 18 carbon atoms and the weight ratio of the alkyl chains of 12 carbon atoms with respect to the alkyl chains of 18 carbon atoms is in the range of 2: 1 to 1 :5. 2. Detergent composition according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl sulfate is a mixture of tallow alkyl sulfate and coconut oil alkyl sulfate in one weight ratio of 3: 1 to 1: 3, preferably 2: 1 to 1: 2. 3. Detergent composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the non-ionic surfactant has an HLB of less than 10.5.