JPH0218498A - Detergent composition - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain a detergent composition, which comprises a surfactant system containing an anion surfactant composed mainly of an alkyl sulfate having a mixed alkyl chain length, and which exhibits an excellent washing ability over a wide temperature range.

CONSTITUTION: This composition contains a surfactant system including an anion surfactant composed mainly of an alkyl sulfate having a mixed alkyl chain length in which 10wt.% or more (preferably 15% or more) of alkyl chain is a 12C chain and 20% or more (preferably 25% or more) of it is a 18C chain, the weight ratio of 12C chain to 18C chain being 9:4-1:6 (preferably 2:1-1:5). As a suitable example of the alkyl sulfate, a mixture of a beef-tallow alkyl sulfate and a coconut-oil alkyl sulfate which are mixed in a weight ratio of 3:1-1:3 (especially 2:1-1:2) is cited.

COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Pertains to acids.

Fabric washing compositions contain as an essential ingredient a surfactant system that promotes the release of soil from the fabric and suspension in the wash liquor. Suitable detergent actives are:
It can be classified into several groups such as anionic substances, nonionic substances and cationic substances, and commercially available products contain substances selected from one or more groups.

The most popular anionic detergent actives are alkylbenzene sulfonates. These exhibit excellent effects especially when used at high temperatures. Alternative anionic surfactants have been pursued that can be used as substitutes in environments unfavorable to the use of alkylbenzene sulfonates, but such alternative anionic detergent actives are generally unable to provide sufficient efficacy. .

Anionic surfactants that can be used as substitutes include, among others, primary alcohol sulfates (PAS), also known as alkyl sulfates;
The use of PAS harvested from ou+ fat) has been recommended 9 For example, in British Patent No.
e Proeter & Gamble Company
y) discloses detergent compositions containing a surfactant system consisting of a mixture of sodium tallow alkyl sulfate and non-ionic detergent actives. However, the drawback of beef tallow PAS is that it cannot exhibit sufficient effects at low temperatures.

This is a serious drawback considering the trend towards lower washing temperatures.

Other PASs have also been proposed in the industry. For example, the above-mentioned British Patent No. 1399966 also discloses the possibility of utilizing PAS extracted from coconut oil. It was observed that under certain conditions, coconut oil PAS is more effective than beef tallow PAS at low temperatures, but under similar conditions and at high temperatures, the effectiveness of coconut oil PAS is significantly inferior to that of beef tallow PAS. . On the other hand, replacing coconut oil PAS with beef tallow PAS is not a valid choice since consumers expect one product to be used for both high and low temperatures and to obtain sufficient effectiveness.

The object of the present invention is to provide a surfactant system based on PAS which exhibits a sufficient level of effectiveness over a range of temperatures.

The inventors have found that the desired results are obtained with PAS having a wider distribution of alkyl chain lengths than when the alkyl chains are derived from beef tallow alone or coconut oil alone sources. PAS derived from a mixture of multiple raw materials becomes beef tallow P at low temperatures.
It shows better effects than AS and shows better effects than coconut oil PAS at high temperatures.

Also, under certain conditions beef tallow PAS or coconut oil PA
At limited temperatures, beef tallow PAS or coconut oil PAS may have a better effect than both PAS, but over a wide temperature range, PAS with a wide range of alkyl chain lengths It has a better effect.

The chain length distribution is characterized by the presence of alkyl chains containing 12 and 18 carbon atoms in amounts or ratios that would not be present in alkyl chains obtained from a single natural source.

It is therefore a first object of the present invention to contain a surfactant system comprising an anionic surfactant based on an alkyl sulfate with mixed alkyl chain lengths, in which 10 of the alkyl chains present in the alkyl sulfate are at least % by weight are C10 chains, at least 20% by weight of said alkyl chains are C4 chains, and the ratio of C12 alkyl chains to Cl8 alkyl chains is from 9=4 to 6, preferably from 2:1 to 1:5. A range of fabric laundry detergent compositions is provided.

In comparison, C12 alkyl and CI8 in coconut oil
The amounts of alkyl are typically 53% and 12%, in a ratio of 3:1 or more (in practice 4:1 or more) to each other.

In addition, in the composition of the present invention in which the beef tallow raw material oil contains 70% or more of eta alkyl chains and almost no C12 alkyl chains, preferably 15% by weight of the alkyl chains present in the alkyl sulfate is used. The above is C12, and 25% by weight or more is C1.

As mentioned above, the mixed chain length alkyl sulfate is 50% or more of the anionic surfactant present. Of course, the sulfate may constitute the entire amount of anionic surfactant present. Preferably, the alkyl sulfate accounts for 60% or more of the anionic surfactant present, more preferably 80% or more.

Alkyl sulfates are also known as sulfated fatty alcohol salts. Alkyl sulfates particularly suitable for the present invention are obtained by reducing the glycerides of common natural alcohols, such as naturally occurring fats and oils. Manufactured from alcohol.

Natural alcohols rich in C12 alkyl chains include alcohols extracted from babassu palm, coconut palm, ouri-coury, and oil palm (palm kernel);
, alcohols rich in alkyl chains include beef tallow, kapok, olive, peanut, sesame, tall oil and tea.
There are alcohols derived from seeds.

Natural alcohols may be hardened, in which case unsaturated alkyl chains are not present; however, unhardened materials such as PAS taken from unhardened tallow alcohol may be used so that unsaturated silver is present. C1, the unsaturated silver is usually oleyl, but other unsaturations may be present, such as linole chains.

Among the PAS materials useful in the present invention are C12 and C1afli.
Other alkyls and unsaturated silvers may also be present.

These chains will normally contain from 8 to 18 carbon atoms; materials containing more than a small amount, such as about 2% or more, of chains containing more than 18 or less than 8 carbon atoms are not preferred.

Considering suitability for use, it is preferable to use PAS obtained from a mixture of beef tallow and coconut oil in a weight ratio of 3:1 to 1:3, and it is preferable to use a PAS obtained from a mixture of beef tallow and coconut oil in a weight ratio of 2:1 to 1:2. Highly preferred.

Preference is given to using water-soluble salts of these anionic surfactants, especially their alkali metal (sodium or potassium) salts.

Preferred compositions of the invention are from 2 to 50% by weight, e.g.
Contains ~30% by weight surfactant system.

Preferably, the composition of the invention also contains a nonionic surfactant, such nonionic surfactant being 10.
It is also effective when the HLB is 5 or more, but 10.
It was found to be extremely effective when having an HLB of less than 5.

Suitable nonionic surfactants that can be used are reaction products of compounds having hydrophobic groups and reactive hydrogen atoms, such as aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkylphenols, and alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide alone or propylene oxide. 8 reaction product with coexisting ethylene oxide. Particular nonionic detergent compounds include alkyl (CS-C2□)phenol-ethylene oxide condensates, linear or branched aliphatic (C, to C1
,) condensation products of primary or secondary alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products obtained by the condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine.

When alkylene oxide adducts of aliphatic materials are used as nonionic surfactants, the number of alkylene oxide groups per molecule has a significant influence on the HLB of the nonionic surfactant. The chain length and type of aliphatic substance also have a large influence. The preferred number of alkylene oxide groups per molecule therefore depends on the type and chain length of the aliphatic material.

The weight ratio of anionic surfactant to nonionic surfactant is preferably 10:1 to 1:4, very preferably 4
:1 to 1:2.

The surfactant system may contain other surfactants other than the specific alkyl sulfate and the nonionic substances mentioned above, these further surfactants may contain other anionic detergent actives, amphoteric or amphiphilic. It may be selected from neutral detergent actives or mixtures thereof.

The level of such other surfactants is no more than 50% of the composition. Preferably 40% of the total amount of surfactants in the composition
% and would be less than 5% of the total composition.

Another anionic detergent surfactant that may be present may be a normally water-soluble alkali metal salt of an organic sulfonate having an alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms; the term alkyl refers to higher is understood to include the alkyl portion of an acyl group.

Examples of suitable synthetic anionic detergent compounds include alkyl (C
9-C2°) Sodium and potassium benzenesulfones, especially linear secondary alkyl (C1°-C+ s) sodium benzenesulfonates; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfates, especially higher alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and petroleum ethers of synthetic alcohols derived from coconut oil fatty monoglycerides sodium sulfate and sodium sulfonate; sodium and potassium salts of sulfate esters of higher (cm to C16) fatty alcohol-ethylene oxide reaction products; esterified with isethionic acid and water Reaction products of fatty acids such as coconut oil fatty acids neutralized with sodium oxide; sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyltaurine; α-olefins and S
It is an alkane monosulfonate obtained from a random sulfate obtained by reacting O2 and C12 and hydrolyzing with a base. Other anionic detergent actives that may be present are soaps,
In particular, soaps containing a high proportion of unsaturated acyl chains.

The compositions of the present invention may contain a detergency builder substance, which can be any substance capable of reducing the level of free calcium ions in the wash liquor, preferably removed from the fabric, giving an alkaline PU. The amount of bilge material in the composition of the present invention which provides advantageous properties such as soil suspension may particularly be from 15 to 60% by weight of the composition.

Phosphorus-containing inorganic detergency builders that may be present include water-soluble salts,
Particular examples of inorganic phosphates include sodium and potassium tripolyphosphates, sodium and potassium orthophosphates, sodium hexametaphosphate, including in particular alkali metal pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, metaphosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates. and potassium.

Phosphorous-free inorganic detergency builders that may be present are water-soluble alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, silicates and crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates. Specific examples are sodium carbonate (optionally with calcite seeds), potassium carbonate (optionally with calcite seeds), sodium and potassium bicarbonates, and sodium and potassium silicates.

Examples of organic detergency builders are alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates,
They are polycarboxylate, polyacetylcarboxylate and polyhydroxysulfonate. Specific examples are the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, mellitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acid and citric acid.

The compositions of the invention are preferably alkaline.

That is, 1. The pH must be at least 8, preferably at least 10, at a concentration of /1, and for this purpose the composition may contain a water-soluble alkali salt.

This salt may be a detergency builder or an alkaline substance having no builder effect.

A number of optional components other than those listed above may be present.

- Foam enhancers such as monoethanolamides, especially monoethanolamides derived from palm kernel fatty acids and coconut oil fatty acids, suds suppressants, oxygen liberating bleaches such as sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, peracid bleach precursors. , chlorine-releasing bleaches such as trichloroisocyanuric acid, inorganic salts such as sodium sulfate, and fluorescent agents, usually present in very small amounts, fragrances such as deodorizing fragrances, enzymes such as proteases, cellulases, amylases and lipases, disinfectants and It is a coloring agent.

The method for preparing the detergent composition of the invention can be selected from a number of different methods depending on the respective physical form. For granular products, the composition is prepared by triblend or coaglomeration.

The preferred physical form is granules loaded with detersive virgoux salts, and the most suitable method of preparing compositions in this form involves spray drying at least a portion of the composition. In this method, a slurry is prepared containing heat-insensitive components of the composition, such as a surfactant system, a virgoo material, and a filler salt;
The slurry is spray dried to form base powder granules.

This is mixed with solid heat-sensitive ingredients such as bleach and enzymes.

The specific nonionic surfactant is not mixed into the slurry to be spray dried, but is liquefied by melting or dissolving in a solvent and sprayed onto the granules of the base powder.The present invention will be described in detail below on the basis of non-limiting examples.

K (last year hardness 25°FH (free calcium ion concentration 2.5 x 1
A washing liquid was prepared using water with a hardness corresponding to 0-3 molar. The washing liquor contained the following composition in an amount corresponding to 6 g/l (% by weight):

Specific anionic surfactants 9% Specific nonionic surfactants 4% Sodium tripolyphosphate 23% Sodium carbonate 6% Sodium alkali silicate 5.5% Sodium sulfate 30.8% Sodium chloride
2.93% water
The remaining sodium chloride is present at an ionic strength corresponding to the 5% monohydrate sodium perborate present in practice. Bleach was omitted from the experiment to avoid confusion between cleaning power and bleaching effect when interpreting the results.

The above washing liquid was used so that the ratio of washing liquid to washed cloth was 50:1. A number of polyester monitors pre-loaded with a certain amount of CI4-labeled triolein are mixed in the wash cloth, and the level of labeled triolein after washing is measured using a standard radiotracer technique (radiotracer techni70rp).
Washed for 20 minutes with m agitation. Constant wash temperatures specified below were used.

The anionic surfactants used are shown in the table below.

ELFAN2801 0 53 12 0 Coconut oil ELFAN KT55G1 0 27 38 0 Coconut/beef tallow mixture 5ULFOPON T5520 0 70
0 beef tallow 1-^kz.

2-Henkel In Examples 1 to 6, 5YNP was used as a nonionic surfactant.
ERO old C^) (ICI) was used. This is mainly 01 ethoxylated with an average of 7 moles of ethylene oxide.
3/CIS alcohol. The HLB of this nonionic surfactant is 11.7.

The results obtained are shown below.

Dog 111th place, γ≧No1 "1 Wash" U
24゜92 ELFAN KT550
30℃ 30.03 5ULFOF
ON T55 30℃ 24o94
ELFAN 280 60℃
30.55 ELFAN KT550
60℃ 36.36 5ULFOFON
T55 60°C 46.7 From these results, it is clear that at 60°C ELFAN KT550 exhibits higher effectiveness than ELFAN 280, which contains PAS made only from coconut oil. At temperatures as low as 30° C., ELFAN KT550 exhibits higher effectiveness than substances made only from coconut oil and beef tallow, respectively.

Part 1: 1 part of 5YNPERON as a nonionic surfactant
Tested as in Examples 1-6 except that a mixture of IC^7 and 3 parts of 5YNPERON IC^3 was used.
5YNPERONIC^3 is a similar material in which the alcohol is ethoxylated with an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule.

The HLB of this nonionic surfactant mixture is approximately 9.0.

The results are shown below.

Support 1 yesterday 1. Otsumoto Otsu 1 Arai 111 Taka-1 Higashi ℃ 7
ELFAN 280 30℃ 39,08
ELFAN KT550 30℃ 38.79
5IJLFOFON T55 30℃ 30
．． 410, ELFAN 280 60℃
44.611 ELFAN KT550 60
℃ 49.812 5tlLFOFON T55
60°C 54.4 Based on these results, Examples 1-
6, it is clear that at 60° C. ELFAN KT550 shows better efficacy than ELFAN 280, which contains PAS derived only from coconut oil. At lower temperatures ELFAN KT550 has PAS derived only from beef tallow
5ULFOPON T55, but there is no significant difference compared to substances derived only from coconut oil.

A comparison of the results of Examples 7-12 with those of Examples 1-6 reveals that the use of nonionic surfactants with lower HLB is preferred.

Example 1 by varying the level and proportion of the surfactant
The following table shows the changes in the 0 composition and the results of repeating the tests from 3 to 3. "^3" and "^7" in the table are respectively 5YNPE
Showing RONIC^3 and 5YNPERONIC^7,
A washing temperature of 30° C. was used in all tests as in Examples 1-3.

! U1i 1;'
12$ELFAN 280 1.33＄＾7441
^342.914 12$ELFAI4 to T
550 1.33$A744$83 43.71
5 121SULFOPON T55 1.33$^
7+4z^334.516 9$ELFAN
2B0 2$8743$^3 3],
317 9$ELFAN KT550 2$A74
31A3 38.818 91SIILFOPON
T55 2$A7+31A3 32.319 9
$ELFAN 2B0 3$A7+3$A3 3
5.23z^7+3z^3 37.2 20 9$ELFAN KT55021
9$5ULFOPON T55 31^7+3$
A3 33.022 9$ELFAN 2
80 4$A7+3$A3 34.323
91ELFAN KT550 4$87+3$A3 36.124 9$5tl
LFOPON T55 4$A743$A3
33.2 In these tests, ELFAN KT550 was found to be more effective than all tallow based 5ULFOPON T55 and close to or more effective than all coconut oil based ELFAN 280. The decontamination rate shown by ELFAN KT55 is higher than the average value of any coconut-based or tallow-based material.

E1 Takumi Gaki So hardness 30'F)! (Free calcium ion concentration 3.0
A washing liquid was prepared with water having a hardness corresponding to ×10−' molar). The washing liquor contained the following composition in an amount corresponding to 69/l (% by weight):

Specific surfactant 13% Zeolite 24% Polyacrylate 4% Sodium sulfate 20.6% Sodium carbonate 12% Water Prepare a washing liquid from the remaining each composition and use Tergotometer.
Multiple test fabrics were washed using a heating cycle up to 60°C. The increase in reflectance of the test fabrics after washing was measured.

Test cloths with the following stains were used.

EMP^-104 = Indian ink and olive oil stain WFK-10C: Mainly made of wool fat with a small amount of kaolin, iron oxide stain Specific surfactant: 0-100% hydrogenated tallow alcohol sulfate (TAS) and/or or coconut oil sulfate (CAS), and a mixture of these sulfates and a nonionic surfactant (old). The nonionic surfactant (old) is 5YNPERON Ic^3, a C, /C, fatty alcohol ethoxylated with an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule.

The results are shown below.

! Ill m m 111FK-10CPC-9EHP^-1042510
01TAS O$CAS 17.1 18.921.
526 60$TAS 40$CAS21.8 1
9.324.327 40$TAS 60$CAS
23.7 19.722.228 0$TAS
100XCAS 18.4 17.920.629
201NI80$TAS O$CAS2G, 0
19.8 17.930 201NI401TAS
401CAS24.6 21.020.331 20
281 0$TAS 80$CAS19.2 18.9
16.9 In all of the examples, a mixture of hydrogenated tallow-based and coconut oil-based surfactants showed superior cleaning power than each used alone.

A washing liquid was prepared using water with a hardness of 25°FH. 6g of washing liquid
/l' and contained the following composition.

E9 Weight % Specific anionic 9 SYNPERONIC^71 SYNPERONIC^33 Zeolite 26.6 Sodium sulfate 19.5 Sodium carbonate 14.0 Sodium silicate 1.3 Sodium chloride 3.0 Water Residual (up to 100%) Examples 3
2, ELFANKT55 was used as an anionic surfactant.
0 was used. In Example 33, PAS derived from myristyl alcohol (ie, C, alcohol) was used as the anionic surfactant. Washing liquids were tested in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 6 using different brands of polyester fabrics as test fabrics.

The decontamination effects are shown below.

Example 32 (ELFAN KT550) 28.
1% Example 33 (C,, PAS) 28.0
The following formulations were prepared by spray drying a multi-component slurry forming a % dog 1 JL narrow base powder, spraying onto a nonionic surfactant, and post-adding the remaining ingredients.

Anionic (see below) SYNPERONIC^7 Zeolite Sodium sulfate Sodium carbonate Water Other SYNPERONIC^3 Post J1 addition 9,0 1,0 26,6 19,5 2,0 13,771,8 1,0 1,0 Kay Sodium acid 1.3 - Sodium perborate hydrate 8.0 SYNPERONIC^32.0 TAED granules 2.8 Foam suppressant 3.0 Enzyme 0.6 Fragrance 0.3 Sodium carbonate 12.0 30.0 Total
This composition was used to launder various soiled fabrics under various conditions. The results were evaluated by measuring the reflectance of the treated monitor cloth. Beef tallow PAS, coconut oil PAS, and a 50750 mixture of both were used as anionic surfactants.

The advantages obtained in the previous embodiment were confirmed in this embodiment. That is, the 50150 mixture was generally more effective than palm PAS alone, and significantly superior to both tallow and palm on many stains (particularly motor oil and cosmetic stains on white cotton). Ta.

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Claims (9)

[Claims] (1) Contains a surfactant system containing an anionic surfactant based on an alkyl sulfate with mixed alkyl chain lengths, 10% by weight of the alkyl chains present in the alkyl sulfate.
For washing fabric, characterized in that the above are C_1_2 chains, 20% by weight or more of the alkyl chains are C_1_8 chains, and the ratio of C_1_2 alkyl chains to C_1_8 alkyl chains is in the range of 9:4 to 1:6. Detergent composition. (2) The composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio is in the range of 2:1 to 1:5. (3) The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alkyl sulfate having mixed chain length accounts for 60% or more of the anionic surfactant. (4) The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alkyl sulfate having mixed chain length accounts for 80% or more of the anionic surfactant. (5) The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein 15% by weight or more of the alkyl chains are C_1_2 chains, and 25% by weight or more are C_1_8 chains. (6) The weight ratio of the alkyl sulfate to beef tallow alkyl sulfate and coconut oil alkyl sulfate is 3:1 to 1:3, preferably 2.
Claim 1 characterized in that it is a mixture of :1 to 1:2.
Or the detergent composition according to 3. (7) The detergent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a nonionic surfactant. (8) The detergent composition according to claim 7, wherein the nonionic surfactant has an HLB of less than 10.5. (9) A detergent composition according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the weight ratio of alkyl sulfate to nonionic surfactant is in the range of 10:1 to 1:4.