ES2160637T3 - Derivados de k-252a que mejoran la actividad inducida por la neurotrofina. - Google Patents
Derivados de k-252a que mejoran la actividad inducida por la neurotrofina.Info
- Publication number
- ES2160637T3 ES2160637T3 ES94929228T ES94929228T ES2160637T3 ES 2160637 T3 ES2160637 T3 ES 2160637T3 ES 94929228 T ES94929228 T ES 94929228T ES 94929228 T ES94929228 T ES 94929228T ES 2160637 T3 ES2160637 T3 ES 2160637T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- neurotrophin
- activity induced
- derivatives
- improve
- particularly preferred
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D487/14—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
- A61P21/02—Muscle relaxants, e.g. for tetanus or cramps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Psychology (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Abstract
SE PRESENTAN DERIVADOS DE K-252A DE ALCALOIDES DE INDOLOCARBAZOLA DE LA FORMULA (I-IV), UTILES PARA MEJORAR LA ACTIVIDAD INDUCIDA POR LA NEUROTROFINA DE LAS CELULAS SENSIBLES A LA NEUROTROFINA. UNA NEUROTROFINA PARTICULARMENTE PREFERIDA ES NT-3, Y UNA CELULA SENSIBLE A LA NEUROTROFINA PARTICULARMENTE PREFERIDA ES UNA QUE COMPRENDA EL RECEPTOR TRK. LA ACTIVIDAD MEJORADA INDUCIDA POR NEUROTROFINA OCASIONADA POR LOS DERIVADOS DE K-252A PRESENTADOS PUEDE DETERMINARSE MEDIANTE LAS SIGUIENTES PRUEBAS: ACTIVIDAD CHAT; SUPERVIVENCIA NEURONAL DE DRG; O DIVISION CELULAR (MITOGENESIS).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/122,893 US5468872A (en) | 1993-09-16 | 1993-09-16 | K-252a functional derivatives potentiate neurotrophin-3 for the treatment of neurological disorders |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2160637T3 true ES2160637T3 (es) | 2001-11-16 |
Family
ID=22405467
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES94929228T Expired - Lifetime ES2160637T3 (es) | 1993-09-16 | 1994-09-16 | Derivados de k-252a que mejoran la actividad inducida por la neurotrofina. |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5468872A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0719268B1 (es) |
| JP (2) | JP3943126B2 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR100186912B1 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE203751T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU693480B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2171561C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69427862T2 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2160637T3 (es) |
| FI (1) | FI961236A0 (es) |
| HU (1) | HU222570B1 (es) |
| NO (1) | NO309228B1 (es) |
| NZ (2) | NZ274355A (es) |
| WO (1) | WO1995007911A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (43)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU3064992A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1993-06-07 | University Of Southern California | Compositions containing k-252 compounds for potentiation of neurotrophin activity |
| DE4243321A1 (de) * | 1992-12-21 | 1994-06-23 | Goedecke Ag | Aminosäurederivate von Heterocyclen als PKC-Inhibitoren |
| CA2144940A1 (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-09-19 | Chikara Murakata | Therapeutic agent for thrombocytopenia and indolocarbazole derivatives |
| US5770577A (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1998-06-23 | Amgen Inc. | BDNF and NT-3 polypeptides selectively linked to polyethylene glycol |
| WO1997005140A1 (en) * | 1995-07-31 | 1997-02-13 | Novartis Ag | Trindene compounds |
| WO1997005141A1 (en) * | 1995-07-31 | 1997-02-13 | Novartis Ag | Staurosporine analogues |
| US5808060A (en) * | 1995-12-11 | 1998-09-15 | Cephalon, Inc. | Fused isoindolones |
| US6875865B1 (en) | 1996-06-03 | 2005-04-05 | Cephalon, Inc. | Selected derivatives of K-252a |
| UA67725C2 (en) | 1996-06-03 | 2004-07-15 | Cephalon Inc | K-252a derivatives and a method for improvement of functioning and cell survival enhancement |
| CN1285836A (zh) * | 1997-12-31 | 2001-02-28 | 赛福伦公司 | 3′-差向异构的K-252a衍生物 |
| US6811992B1 (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 2004-11-02 | Ya Fang Liu | Method for identifying MLK inhibitors for the treatment of neurological conditions |
| US6127401A (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 2000-10-03 | Cephalon, Inc. | Bridged indenopyrrolocarbazoles |
| US6013646A (en) | 1998-07-02 | 2000-01-11 | Bayer Corporation | Indolocarbazole derivatives useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer |
| US7795246B2 (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2010-09-14 | Cephalon, Inc. | Particle-forming compositions containing fused pyrrolocarbazoles |
| US6200968B1 (en) | 1998-08-06 | 2001-03-13 | Cephalon, Inc. | Particle-forming compositions containing fused pyrrolocarbazoles |
| HK1040053B (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2007-09-21 | Cephalon, Inc. | Use of fused pyrrolocarbazoles for preventing/treating damage to sensory hair cells and cochlear neurons |
| EP1101113A4 (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2002-05-08 | Ljl Biosystems Inc | CELL SIGNALING TESTS |
| US6472385B1 (en) * | 1999-08-09 | 2002-10-29 | Trustees Of Darmouth College | Compositions and methods to enhance cancer chemotherapy in p53 defective tumors |
| FR2798931B1 (fr) * | 1999-09-22 | 2001-11-16 | Oreal | Nouveaux composes indoliques, leur utilisation pour la teinture et le maquillage des matieres keratiniques, compositions les contenant et procedes de teinture |
| US7129250B2 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2006-10-31 | Aegera Therapeutics Inc. | Neuroprotective and anti-proliferative compounds |
| US6677450B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2004-01-13 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Topoisomerase inhibitors |
| US6610727B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2003-08-26 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Anhydro sugar derivatives of indolocarbazoles |
| US6653290B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2003-11-25 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Tumor proliferation inhibitors |
| US6555677B2 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2003-04-29 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Phase transfer catalyzed glycosidation of an indolocarbazole |
| IL157909A0 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2004-03-28 | Bristol Myers Squibb Co | Indolopyrrolocarbazole derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same |
| US7018999B2 (en) * | 2001-05-16 | 2006-03-28 | Cephalon, Inc. | Methods for the treatment and prevention of pain |
| US20040186044A1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-09-23 | Cosgaya Jose Miguel | Modulation of myelination by interaction with P75 and TRK receptors |
| DK1891966T3 (da) | 2002-12-20 | 2012-04-02 | Lundbeck & Co As H | Modulation af neurotrophinaktivitet; fremgangsmåde til screening |
| PL1606409T3 (pl) | 2003-03-19 | 2011-02-28 | Biogen Ma Inc | Białko wiążące receptor Nogo |
| PT1776136E (pt) | 2004-06-24 | 2012-12-05 | Biogen Idec Inc | Tratamento de estados que envolvem desmielinização |
| MX2007001155A (es) * | 2004-07-29 | 2007-08-14 | Creabilis Therapeutics Spa | Uso de inhibidores de k-252a y de quinasa para la prevencion o el tratamiento de patologias asociadas con hmgb1. |
| SI1904104T1 (sl) | 2005-07-08 | 2013-12-31 | Biogen Idec Ma Inc. | Protitelesa SP35 in njihova uporaba |
| US20080021013A1 (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2008-01-24 | Cephalon, Inc. | JAK inhibitors for treatment of myeloproliferative disorders |
| EP2068866A4 (en) | 2006-07-24 | 2010-04-07 | Biogen Idec Inc | METHODS FOR PROMOTING MYELINIZATION, NEURONAL SURVIVAL AND DIFFERENTIATION OF OLIGODENDROCYTES BY ADMINISTERING SP35 OR TRKA ANTAGONISTS |
| PL3225251T3 (pl) | 2006-12-21 | 2020-06-29 | H. Lundbeck A/S | Modulacja aktywności proneurotrofin |
| WO2009067221A2 (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-05-28 | Cephalon, Inc. | Microemulsion containing indolocarbazole compound and dosage forms containing the same |
| ES2326459B1 (es) | 2008-04-08 | 2010-05-28 | Universidad De Oviedo | Indolocarbazoles glicosilados, su procedimiento de obtencion y sus usos. |
| EP2315779A2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2011-05-04 | Biogen Idec MA Inc. | Compositions comprising antibodies to lingo or fragments thereof |
| MY171292A (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2019-10-07 | Creabilis S A | Synthesis of polymer conjugates of indolocarbazole compounds |
| CN103242404A (zh) * | 2012-02-03 | 2013-08-14 | 复旦大学 | N-鼠李糖基苯并咔唑化合物及其合成方法和在制药中的用途 |
| US9796780B2 (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2017-10-24 | Biogen Ma Inc. | LINGO-2 antagonists for treatment of conditions involving motor neurons |
| CN103012417B (zh) * | 2013-01-08 | 2015-01-07 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | 黄皮属植物中的咔唑生物碱,以其为抗肿瘤活性成分的药物组合物,其制备方法和应用 |
| WO2016112270A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 | 2016-07-14 | Biogen Ma Inc. | Lingo-1 antagonists and uses for treatment of demyelinating disorders |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60257652A (ja) * | 1984-06-02 | 1985-12-19 | Canon Inc | 画像処理装置 |
| US4816450A (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1989-03-28 | Duke University | Inhibition of protein kinase C by long-chain bases |
| JPH0826036B2 (ja) * | 1987-01-22 | 1996-03-13 | 協和醗酵工業株式会社 | 生理活性物質k−252の誘導体 |
| US4735939A (en) * | 1987-02-27 | 1988-04-05 | The Dow Chemical Company | Insecticidal activity of staurosporine |
| WO1988007045A1 (fr) * | 1987-03-09 | 1988-09-22 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Derives de la substance physiologiquement active k-252 |
| US5093330A (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1992-03-03 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Staurosporine derivatives substituted at methylamino nitrogen |
| JPH07113027B2 (ja) * | 1987-12-24 | 1995-12-06 | 協和醗酵工業株式会社 | K−252誘導体 |
| DE3835842A1 (de) * | 1988-10-21 | 1990-04-26 | Goedecke Ag | Indolocarbazol-derivate, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung als arzneimittel |
| DE3803620A1 (de) * | 1988-02-06 | 1989-08-17 | Goedecke Ag | Indolocarbazol-derivate, verfahren zu deren herstellung und diese enthaltende arzneimittel |
| US5231001A (en) * | 1991-03-14 | 1993-07-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Trk tyrosine kinase receptor is the physiological receptor for nerve growth factor |
| EP0593663A4 (en) * | 1991-07-03 | 1996-10-30 | Regeneron Pharma | Method and assay system for neurotrophin activity |
| AU3064992A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1993-06-07 | University Of Southern California | Compositions containing k-252 compounds for potentiation of neurotrophin activity |
| JPH05247056A (ja) * | 1992-03-03 | 1993-09-24 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd | インドロカルバゾール誘導体 |
| DE4217963A1 (de) * | 1992-05-30 | 1993-12-02 | Goedecke Ag | Verwendung von Indolocarbazolen zur Behandlung von AIDS |
| DE4217964A1 (de) * | 1992-05-30 | 1993-12-02 | Goedecke Ag | Indolocarbazol-Imide und deren Verwendung |
| US5461146A (en) * | 1992-07-24 | 1995-10-24 | Cephalon, Inc. | Selected protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of neurological disorders |
-
1993
- 1993-09-16 US US08/122,893 patent/US5468872A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-09-16 AT AT94929228T patent/ATE203751T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-16 DE DE69427862T patent/DE69427862T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-16 FI FI961236A patent/FI961236A0/fi unknown
- 1994-09-16 US US08/307,530 patent/US5516772A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-16 EP EP94929228A patent/EP0719268B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-16 KR KR1019960701361A patent/KR100186912B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-16 JP JP50937995A patent/JP3943126B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-16 NZ NZ274355A patent/NZ274355A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-16 HU HU9600657A patent/HU222570B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-16 ES ES94929228T patent/ES2160637T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-16 AU AU78363/94A patent/AU693480B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-09-16 CA CA002171561A patent/CA2171561C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-16 WO PCT/US1994/010495 patent/WO1995007911A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1996
- 1996-03-15 NO NO961087A patent/NO309228B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-01-08 NZ NZ314037A patent/NZ314037A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-04-26 JP JP2005127746A patent/JP2005220141A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO961087L (no) | 1996-05-13 |
| HU9600657D0 (en) | 1996-05-28 |
| WO1995007911A1 (en) | 1995-03-23 |
| US5468872A (en) | 1995-11-21 |
| KR960704894A (ko) | 1996-10-09 |
| JPH09502730A (ja) | 1997-03-18 |
| AU7836394A (en) | 1995-04-03 |
| JP2005220141A (ja) | 2005-08-18 |
| DE69427862T2 (de) | 2002-04-11 |
| JP3943126B2 (ja) | 2007-07-11 |
| EP0719268A1 (en) | 1996-07-03 |
| FI961236L (fi) | 1996-03-15 |
| NZ314037A (en) | 2000-09-29 |
| CA2171561C (en) | 1999-08-03 |
| US5516772A (en) | 1996-05-14 |
| NZ274355A (en) | 1997-03-24 |
| AU693480B2 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
| HUT74679A (en) | 1997-01-28 |
| NO309228B1 (no) | 2001-01-02 |
| FI961236A7 (fi) | 1996-03-15 |
| KR100186912B1 (ko) | 1999-05-01 |
| EP0719268B1 (en) | 2001-08-01 |
| DE69427862D1 (de) | 2001-09-06 |
| CA2171561A1 (en) | 1995-03-23 |
| NO961087D0 (no) | 1996-03-15 |
| ATE203751T1 (de) | 2001-08-15 |
| HU222570B1 (hu) | 2003-08-28 |
| FI961236A0 (fi) | 1996-03-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2171561A1 (en) | K-252a Derivatives Which Enhance Neurotrophin-Induced Activity | |
| ES2103061T3 (es) | Derivados de n-isoxazol-naftilsulfonamida y su uso como antagonistas de la endotelina. | |
| ES2134226T3 (es) | Derivados de s-triazina como fotoestabilizadores. | |
| ES2154262T3 (es) | Uso de compuestos macrolidos para enfermedades oculares. | |
| ES2101331T3 (es) | Derivados de k-252a. | |
| DE3750612D1 (de) | Cc-1065 analoge. | |
| DK115791A (da) | Heparinfragmenter som inhibitorer af proliferering af glatte muskelceller | |
| ES2080739T3 (es) | Nitro-compuestos insecticidamente activos. | |
| ES2017611T3 (es) | Tiazoles sustituidos y su uso como fungicidas. | |
| NZ334095A (en) | 6-heterocyclic (such as pyran or tetrahydrofuran) substituted adenosine derivatives | |
| MX9308013A (es) | 4-fenil-piridonas y 4-fenil-2-fenil-2-alcoxipiridinas sustituidas, procedimiento para su preparacion y medicamentos que los contienen. | |
| ES2189941T3 (es) | Derivados de nucleosidos aciclicos. | |
| ES2072784T3 (es) | Benzo- y piridopiridonas substituidas con sulfonilbencilo. | |
| KR880007076A (ko) | 오플록사신을 함유하는 외용제제 | |
| ES2187738T3 (es) | Derivados de flavonas, su procedimiento de preparacion y los compuestos farmaceuticos que las contienen. | |
| PE47196A1 (es) | DERIVADO 2,7-SUSTITUIDO DE OCTAHIDRO-1H-PIRIDO[1,2-a]PIRAZINA | |
| ES2048793T3 (es) | Antibioticos antifungicos. | |
| DK31391D0 (da) | Pentacycliske triterpenoidforbindelser som topoisomeraseinhibitorer eller celledifferentieringsfremkaldere | |
| NO20003397L (no) | 3 '-epimerie K-252A-derivater | |
| ES2070961T3 (es) | Oxadiazolil-fenoxialquilisoxazoles y su uso como agentes antiviricos. | |
| ES2103167B1 (es) | Compuestos disazoicos reactivos con las fibras. | |
| CA2022425A1 (en) | 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl-phenoxyalkylisoxazoles and their use as antiviral agents | |
| DK423186D0 (da) | Spiro-(benzofuran-2(3h),1`cycloheptan)-derivater, deres fremstilling og anvendelse samt mellemprodukt til fremstillingen | |
| ES2004489A4 (es) | Gametocidas de piridina. | |
| DK0574857T3 (da) | Polycycliske 31668P- og 31668U-forbindelser, fremgangsmåder til deres fremstilling samt deres anvendelse som antibiotiske eller antitumorale lægemidler |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FG2A | Definitive protection |
Ref document number: 719268 Country of ref document: ES |