ES2273363T3 - Doble stent extensible. - Google Patents
Doble stent extensible. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2273363T3 ES2273363T3 ES97911649T ES97911649T ES2273363T3 ES 2273363 T3 ES2273363 T3 ES 2273363T3 ES 97911649 T ES97911649 T ES 97911649T ES 97911649 T ES97911649 T ES 97911649T ES 2273363 T3 ES2273363 T3 ES 2273363T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- stent
- flared
- main
- vessel
- stents
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- 230000010339 dilation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 210000000709 aorta Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheets or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheets or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/91558—Adjacent bands being connected to each other connected peak to peak
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheets or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheets or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/91575—Adjacent bands being connected to each other connected peak to trough
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheets or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheets or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/0096—Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers
- A61F2250/0098—Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers radio-opaque, e.g. radio-opaque markers
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Abstract
SE EXPONE UN APARATO DE STENT (10), EXTENSIBLE Y DEL QUE PUEDE OBTENERSE LA IMAGEN, PARA INSERCION EN UN VASO BIFURCADO QUE TIENE UN VASO PRINCIPAL (8) Y VASOS RAMIFICADOS (7). EL STENT (10) COMPRENDE UN STENT PRINCIPAL (12) Y UN STENT ABOCINADO (15), QUE PUEDEN UTILIZARSE INDIVIDUALMENTE O COMBINADOS ENTRE SI. EL STENT ABOCINADO (15) PUEDE ENCLAVARSE CON EL STENT PRINCIPAL (12) PARA CUBRIR TODA LA ZONA DE LA BIFURCACION. EL STENT ABOCINADO (15) TIENE UN EXTREMO PROXIMAL (30) CON LA PARTE ABOCINADA REALIZADA CON BUCLES EXTENDIDOS (18) QUE SE ADAPTAN AL LADO DEL STENT PRINCIPAL (12).
Description
Doble stent extensible.
Un tipo de dispositivo de endoprótesis, conocido
habitualmente como stent, se sitúa o se implanta dentro de una vena,
arteria u otro órgano corporal tubular, para el tratamiento de
oclusiones, estenosis, o aneurismas del vaso. Estos dispositivos
stent se implantan en el interior de vasos tubulares para reforzar
segmentos de la pared del vaso colapsados, parcialmente ocluidos,
debilitados, o dilatados anormalmente. Los stents han sido
utilizados para tratar disecciones en las paredes de vasos
sanguíneos provocadas por angioplastia de globo de las arterias
coronarias, así como también de las arterias periféricas, y para
mejorar los resultados de la angioplastia al evitar la retrocesión y
la remodelación elásticas de la pared del
vaso.
vaso.
Los stents han sido implantados con éxito en el
tracto urinario, el conducto biliar, el esófago y el árbol
traqueo-bronquial, para reforzar estos órganos
corporales. Dos pruebas multicentro aleatorizadas han mostrado
recientemente una velocidad de restenosis más baja en las arterias
coronarias tratadas con stents en comparación con la angioplastia de
globo sola (Serruys PW et al., Revista de Medicina New
England 331; 489-495; 1994, Fischman DL et
al., Revista de Medicina New England 331;
496-501, 1994).
Uno de los inconvenientes de los stents
convencionales consiste en que se fabrican con una configuración
tubular recta. El uso de tales stents para tratar la enfermedad en,
o cerca de, una ramificación o una bifurcación de un vaso, corre el
riesgo de comprometer el grado de abertura del vaso primario y/o de
sus ramas o bifurcación, y también limita la capacidad de inserción
de un segundo stent en la ramificación lateral si el resultado de la
angioplastia está por debajo del óptimo. Esto puede ocurrir como
resultado de diversos mecanismos tales como desplazamiento de tejido
enfermo o cambio de placa, espasmo de vaso, disección con o sin
labios intimales, trombosis y embolismo.
El riesgo de compromiso de ramificación se
incrementa en dos situaciones anatómicas. En primer lugar, la
ramificación lateral puede verse comprometida cuando existe una
estenosis en el origen de la ramificación lateral. En segundo lugar,
cuando existe una lesión excéntrica en el lugar de la bifurcación,
la expansión asimétrica puede causar el cambio de placa o bien la
disección en el origen de la ramificación lateral. Existen informes
de intentos de resolver este problema insertando un globo en la
ramificación lateral a través de la columna del stent; sin embargo,
esta técnica comporta el riesgo de oclusión de globo y otras
complicaciones importantes (Nakamura, S. et al.,
Cateterización y Diagnosis Cardiovascular 34:
353-361 (1995)). Además, la dilatación adecuada de
la ramificación lateral está limitada por la retrocesión elástica
del origen de la ramificación lateral. Adicionalmente, el stent
puede plantear una limitación al flujo sanguíneo y puede limitar el
acceso a la ramificación lateral. Con frecuencia se utiliza el
término "prisión de stent" para describir este concepto. A este
respecto, el diseño abisagrado ranurado tubular de stent
intracoronario de Palmaz-Schatz, en particular, se
estima que es desfavorable para lesiones con una gran ramificación
lateral, y se cree que plantea un mayor riesgo de oclusión de vaso
de ramificación lateral donde el stent impide o limita el acceso a
la ramificación lateral. Id.
Un procedimiento común para implantar la
endoprótesis o stent, consiste en abrir en primer lugar la región
del vaso con un catéter de globo, y a continuación colocar el stent
en una posición que puentea la porción tratada del vaso, con el fin
de evitar la retrocesión elástica y la restenosis de ese segmento.
La angioplastia de la lesión de bifurcación ha sido realizada
tradicionalmente utilizando la técnica del globo besador, en la que
se insertan dos alambres-guía y dos globos, uno
hacia la ramificación principal y el otro hacia la ramificación
lateral. La colocación del stent en esta situación requerirá la
retirada del alambre-guía desde la ramificación
lateral, y la reinserción del alambre-guía a través
de las columnas de, y la inserción de un globo a través de las
columnas de stent. La retirada del alambre-guía
plantea el riesgo de oclusión de la ramificación lateral durante el
despliegue del stent en la ramificación principal.
Las patentes de la técnica anterior se refieren
a la construcción y diseño tanto del stent como del aparato para el
posicionamiento del stent en el interior del vaso. Una patente
típica, de Chaudhury, la Patente U.S. núm. 4.140.126, describe una
técnica para posicionar un stent cilíndrico alargado en una región
de un aneurisma, para evitar el fallo catastrófico de la pared del
vaso sanguíneo. La Patente 4.140.126 describe un cilindro que se
expande hasta su configuración de implantado tras la inserción con
la ayuda de un catéter. La Patente U.S. núm. 4.503.569, de Dotter,
describe un stent de resorte, que se expande hasta una configuración
de implantado con un cambio de temperatura. El stent de resorte se
implanta con una orientación arrollada, y a continuación se calienta
para provocar que el resorte se expansione. Palmas, en la Patente
U.S. núm. 4.733.665, describe un número de configuraciones de stent
para su implantación con la ayuda de un catéter. El catéter incluye
un mecanismo para montar y retener la prótesis vascular o stent,
preferiblemente sobre una porción inflable del catéter. Los stents
son implantados mientras son visualizados en un monitor. Una vez que
el stent se ha posicionado apropiadamente, el catéter se expande y
el stent se separa del cuerpo de catéter. El catéter puede ser
entonces retirado del sujeto, dejando el stent en su lugar en el
interior del vaso sanguíneo. Palmaz, en la Patente U.S. núm.
4.739.762, describe un injerto intraluminal expansionable.
Schjeldahl et al., en la Patente U.S. núm. 4.413.989,
describe una diversidad de construcciones de catéter de globo.
Maginot, en la Patente U.S. núm. 5.456.712 y Maginot, en la Patente
U.S. núm. 5.304.220, describen un conjunto de injerto y stent y un
procedimiento de implantación en el que se utiliza un stent para
reforzar un injerto insertado quirúrgicamente en un vaso sanguíneo
con el fin de desviarse de una oclusión. Sin embargo, ninguna de
estas patentes se refiere al tratamiento de lesiones de
bifurcación, ni describen ningún aparato de stent de bifurcación ni
el procedimiento para desplegar el mismo.
Taheri, en la Patente U.S. núm. 4.872.874,
Piplani et al., en la Patente U.S. núm. 5.489. 295, y Marin
et al., en la Patente U.S. núm. 5.507.769, describen material
de injerto de bifurcación que puede ser implantado con los stents.
Sin embargo, no existe ninguna mención de bifurcación del stent, y
el stent se utiliza solamente para anclar el injerto en la pared del
vaso. Éste no refuerza la pared del vaso, y no evita la restenosis
tras la angioplastia.
MacGregor, en la Patente U.S. núm. 4.994.071,
describe un stent bifurcador abisagrado. En la Patente 4.994.071, al
contrario que en la presente invención, existe un stent principal
con dos stents adicionales sujetos a un extremo, dando lugar a una
única unidad con una bifurcación. Los dos dilatadores adicionales
están sujetos permanentemente y no pueden ser separados del stent
principal. De este modo, esta invención no puede ser utilizada en
vasos sin bifurcación. Adicionalmente, estudios con stents que
contienen abisagramientos, han mostrado que existe una alta
incidencia de restenosis (crecimiento de tejido) en el punto de
abisagramiento que puede causar un estrechamiento, o la oclusión
total, del vaso, y comprometer con ello el flujo sanguíneo. También,
al tener los dos stents adicionales conectados al stent principal,
el rastreo por una ramificación lateral con amplio ángulo puede
resultar difícil y puede conllevar el riesgo de disección de la
pared del vaso. Además, una vez que el dispositivo de la Patente
4.994.071 ha sido implantado, es posible intercambiar el stent de la
ramificación lateral en caso que sea necesario para alcanzar un
tamaño diferente de stent.
El estado de la técnica conforme al documento
WO-A-96 29955 (Figuras 14 a 16), se
refiere a un stent que tiene una abertura en la pared lateral, en
cuya abertura puede alojarse un segmento de stent.
En general, cuando se trata una lesión de
bifurcación utilizando stents disponibles comercialmente, debe
ponerse un gran cuidado para cubrir el inicio de la ramificación,
puesto que si deja al descubierto, esta zona es proclive a la
restenosis. Con el fin de cubrir el inicio de la ramificación, los
dilatadores convencionales deben, o bien sobresalir hacia el lumen
de la arteria o vaso principal desde la ramificación (lo que puede
provocar trombosis [coagulación de la sangre], comprometiendo de
nuevo el flujo sanguíneo), o bien deben ser situados completamente
en el interior de la ramificación, y no podrán por lo general cubrir
el inicio de la bifurcación. Otra complicación frecuente
experimentada con los stents para bifurcaciones, incluye el
estrechamiento u oclusión del inicio de una ramificación lateral por
la que se extiende un stent situado en la ramificación principal.
Por último, la colocación de un stent en un vaso principal en el que
se extiende total o parcialmente un stent, o en el que se extiende
completamente a través de la abertura de una ramificación, puede
hacer que el acceso futuro a tales vasos de la ramificación resulte
difícil, si no imposible.
Además, la tecnología de los stents
convencionales, es inadecuada como medio de tratamiento de lesiones
ostiales. Las lesiones ostiales son lesiones en el origen de un
vaso. Por ejemplo, las lesiones ostiales pueden formarse en las
arterias renales, las cuales son ramificaciones laterales que se
extienden desde la aorta. Las lesiones ostiales son proclives a la
restenosis debido a la retrocesión elástica del vaso principal, tal
como la aorta. Por lo tanto, la cubierta del stent debe incluir el
espesor de la pared del vaso principal. Esto es extremadamente
difícil de realizar sin que el stent sobresalga hacia el vaso
principal.
Finalmente, los stents convencionales son
difíciles de visualizar durante y después del despliegue. Mientras
que algunos catéteres de globo de la técnica anterior están
"marcados" por los extremos proximal y distal del globo con
emplastos visibles, no se encuentra actualmente disponible ningún
stent aprobado por la FDA que sea en sí mismo visible mediante los
procedimientos de visualización actualmente conocidos cuando los
stents se insertan en un vaso.
En consecuencia, existe una necesidad de un
aparato de stent mejorado, y de un procedimiento para desplegar el
mismo, que: 1) pueda ser utilizado para tratar, de manera efectiva,
lesiones de bifurcación, con reducción del riesgo de restenosis o de
oclusión de la ramificación lateral, y que se cubran por completo
las lesiones de bifurcación con el aparato de stent; 2) pueda ser
utilizado para tratar lesiones en una ramificación de una
bifurcación mientras se conserva el acceso a la otra ramificación
para un tratamiento futuro; 3) pueda ser utilizado para tratar
lesiones ostiales; 4) permita un dimensionamiento diferencial de los
stents en un aparato de stent bifurcado incluso después de que se
haya implantado el stent principal, y 5) pueda ser visualizado
fácilmente mediante técnicas de visualización actuales o
futuras.
La presente invención se refiere a nuevos
aparatos de stent extensibles. Más en particular, la invención se
refiere a un aparato de stent que comprende un stent extensible que
es adecuado para tratar lesiones de bifurcación, y que puede ser
utilizado también para tratar lesiones en el origen de un vaso
sanguíneo o de otro órgano. Según se utiliza aquí, el término
"vaso" significa cualquier tejido tubular, y no está limitado a
vasos del sistema vascular. Los dispositivos construidos de acuerdo
con la invención incluyen, de forma unitaria o en combinación, un
stent acampanado que comprende una porción acampanada comprimible en
su extremo proximal, cuya porción acampanada puede comprender
ganchos, malla comprimible o cualquier otro medio de creación de una
porción acampanada de ese tipo en el extremo proximal del stent, y
un stent principal que comprende al menos una abertura
sustancialmente circular situada entre sus extremos proximal y
distal. Para facilidad de la visualización, tanto el stent
acampanado como el stent principal, pueden comprender materiales que
sean susceptibles de visualización, o los stents de la invención
pueden estar "marcados" en los extremos con una sustancia
susceptible de visualización y el stent principal puede estar
también marcado en cualquier abertura. Al menos un dilatador
acampanado puede ser extendido a través de al menos una abertura del
stent principal, hacia al menos un vaso de una ramificación para
tratar lesiones bifurcadas o ramificadas, o los stents de la
invención pueden ser insertados individualmente para el tratamiento
de lesiones ostiales, o lesiones cercanas a las bifurcaciones que
requieran un stent, ya sea en el vaso principal o ya sea en la
ramificación, con acceso no obstruido al vaso sin estenosis en la
bifurcación. El procedimiento comprende un proceso de dos etapas,
utilizado para desplegar tanto el stent principal como el acampanado
en un vaso bifurcado, o para desplegar el stent principal solamente
en el interior de un vaso bifurcado.
El aparato de stent de la invención puede ser
construido a partir de cualquier material no
inmuno-reactivo que permita que el aparato se
expansione desde una configuración inicial hasta una configuración
que se adapte a la forma del vaso o de los vasos en los que se
inserta, incluyendo aunque sin limitación cualquiera de los
materiales descritos en los stents de la técnica anterior. Se supone
que los aparatos de stent de la invención pueden ser construidos,
además, con una sustancia que sea observable con métodos de
visualización de imágenes, incluyendo aunque sin limitación la
resonancia magnética, ultrasonidos, tinte
radio-opaco o de contraste, o pueden ser marcados en
determinados puntos incluyendo aunque sin limitación los extremos y
los alrededores de cualquier abertura o porción acampanada de un
stent de la invención, con un material que sea discernible mediante
métodos de visualización de imágenes según se ha descrito
anteriormente.
Un stent construido de acuerdo con la invención,
es adecuado para su implantación en cualquier vaso del cuerpo,
incluyendo aunque sin limitación los vasos del sistema cardíaco, el
sistema vascular periférico, los vasos carótidas e intracraneales,
el sistema venoso, el sistema renal, el sistema biliar, el sistema
gastrointestinal, el sistema traqueo-bronquial, el
sistema biliar y el sistema genito-urinario.
Los stents de la invención se despliegan
utilizando un conjunto de alambres-guía y de
catéteres, los cuales son arrastrados después desde el sujeto a
continuación del despliegue de los stents. Los stents de la
invención pueden ser auto-expansionables para
adaptarse a la forma del vaso particular, o pueden ser expandidos
con la utilización de catéteres de globo, o mediante cualquier
método actualmente conocido o que sea desarrollado en el futuro, que
sea efectivo para expansionar los stents de la invención. El stent
acampanado de la invención está construido de tal modo que la
porción acampanada queda confinada a lo largo de la pared del stent
acampanado por medio de una funda que discurre paralela al eje
longitudinal del stent acampanado hasta su despliegue, durante el
cual se extrae la funda y la porción acampanada se expande según una
configuración que se extiende radialmente, al menos en parte, desde
el eje longitudinal del stent acampanado.
Así, un objeto de la presente invención consiste
en proporcionar un aparato de stent doble que haga posible cubrir
completamente el origen de una lesión de bifurcación con un aparato
de stent.
Otro objeto consiste en proporcionar un aparato
de stent único, para desplegar el mismo, que puede ser utilizado
para tratar solamente una ramificación de una lesión de bifurcación,
pero que podrá facilitar el tratamiento futuro de la ramificación
correspondiente.
Todavía otro objeto consiste en proporcionar un
aparato de stent único, que es efectivo en el tratamiento de
lesiones ostiales.
Un objeto adicional consiste en proporcionar un
procedimiento de inserción del aparato de stent doble extensible
tanto en el vaso principal como en la ramificación de una lesión de
bifurcación.
Adicionalmente, un objeto de la invención
consiste en proporcionar un aparato de stent que sea visualizable
durante y después de la inserción.
Estos objetos, y otros objetos, ventajas y
características de la invención, podrán ser mejor comprendidos a
partir de la descripción detallada que sigue de la invención y de
los dibujos que se acompañan.
La Figura 1 es una representación esquemática
del aparato de stent doble de la presente invención, en el que tanto
el stent principal como el stent acampanado se encuentran totalmente
dilatados;
la Figura 2 es una representación esquemática
del stent principal del aparato de la invención según se ha
desplegado, sin colocación del stent acampanado;
la Figura 3 es una representación esquemática
del stent acampanado del aparato según se ha desplegado, sin el
stent principal;
la Figura 4 es una representación esquemática
del stent principal del aparato desplegado en el interior de un vaso
particular;
la Figura 5 es una representación esquemática
del aparato de stent de bifurcación de doble stent, donde el stent
principal está desplegado y muestra la colocación del aparato de
stent acampanado con anterioridad al despliegue completo del stent
acampanado;
la Figura 6 es una representación esquemática
del procedimiento. La Figura 6a representa la colocación inicial del
stent principal del aparato de stent de bifurcación en el vaso,
junto con la inserción del alambre-guía y del
catéter de estabilización, para la colocación del stent acampanado
en el vaso de ramificación del sujeto;
la Figura 6b es una representación esquemática
de la etapa de inflado del stent principal de la invención;
la Figura 6c es una representación esquemática
del despliegue del stent acampanado sobre el
alambre-guía de la ramificación lateral, a través de
una abertura del stent principal, y hacia el vaso de ramificación
del sujeto;
la Figura 6d es una representación esquemática
de la retirada de la funda protectora del stent acampanado, que
muestra la expansión completa de la porción acampanada con
anterioridad a la colocación y el despliegue;
la Figura 6e es una representación esquemática
del stent acampanado completamente extendido, posicionado en la
ramificación mediante el catéter, pero con anterioridad al
despliegue;
la Figura 6f es una representación esquemática
del stent principal totalmente dilatado, y del stent acampanado
totalmente posicionado, donde el stent acampanado está siendo
dilatado por inflado del globo, y
la Figura 6g es una representación esquemática
del stent doble de bifurcación de la invención totalmente dilatado,
posicionado en la bifurcación de un vaso particular.
Las matrices rectilíneas mostradas en los
dibujos sólo pretenden mostrar las formas de las superficies, y no
ilustran los patrones o apariencias superficies reales de los
aparatos de stent de la invención.
El aparato 10 de stent doble de bifurcación de
la presente invención comprende un stent 12 principal, generalmente
cilíndrico, y un stent 15 acampanado, generalmente cilíndrico, los
cuales se muestran como completamente dilatados en un vaso 8
principal particular y en un vaso 7 de ramificación particular,
según se ilustra en la Figura 1.
El stent 12 principal contiene al menos una
abertura 16 generalmente circular, situada entre el extremo 26
proximal y el extremo 28 distal del stent 12 principal (Figura 2),
cuya abertura está situada sobre la abertura 48 de un vaso de
ramificación en una bifurcación 50 de vaso, según se muestra en la
Figura 2. Los extremos del dilatador 12 y la abertura, son
visualizados durante procedimientos de visualización de imágenes
colocando marcadores 56 alrededor de los bordes de la abertura 16 en
el stent 12 principal, y en el extremo 26 proximal y el extremo 28
distal del stent principal, según se ha ilustrado en la Figura
4.
El aparato 15 de stent acampanado de la presente
invención, comprende un stent acampanado generalmente cilíndrico,
que comprende un extremo 30 proximal y un extremo 32 distal, según
se muestra en la Figura 3. El extremo 30 proximal comprende una
porción acampanada, ilustrada aquí a modo de bucles 18 extendidos,
cuya porción acampanada, cuando se dilata, se sitúa en el interior
del lumen 58 del vaso 8 principal (Figura 3). Los extremos del stent
15 acampanado y la porción 18 acampanada, son visualizados mediante
procedimientos de visualización colocando marcadores 56 alrededor
de la porción 18 acampanada y en el extremo 30 proximal y el extremo
32 distal del stent acampanado, según se ha ilustrado en la Figura
5.
Según se muestra en la realización de la
invención ilustrada en la Figura 4, un alambre-guía
20 se inserta en el vaso 8 con anterioridad a la inserción del stent
12 principal, y se utiliza para guiar el stent 12 principal hacia su
posición en el interior del vaso 8. Con anterioridad a su inserción
y dilatación, el stent 12 principal se dispone alrededor del extremo
distal de un catéter 48 que puede incluir un globo 24 inflable. El
aparato de stent principal/ catéter se rosca a continuación sobre el
alambre-guía 20 y hacia el vaso 8. El stent 12
principal se dilata mediante inflado del globo 24 hasta que éste
expande las paredes del vaso 8, y de ese modo se fija en su
lugar.
Según se muestra en la realización de la
invención ilustrada en la Figura 5, con anterioridad a la inserción
del stent 15 acampanado, un alambre-guía 36 y un
catéter 44 de estabilización, son insertados a través de la abertura
16 en el stent 12 principal, y hacia el vaso de ramificación. El
catéter 44 de estabilización se utiliza para situar la abertura del
stent 12 principal sobre la abertura 16 de la bifurcación. El
alambre-guía 36 se utiliza para guiar el stent 15
acampanado hacia su posición en el interior de un vaso. Durante la
inserción y con anterioridad a la dilatación, el stent 15 acampanado
se dispone alrededor del extremo distal de un catéter 54 de
ramificación que puede incluir un globo 25 inflable, y la porción 18
acampanada de la porción 18 acampanada del stent 15 acampanado se
mantiene en posición comprimida por medio de una funda 34
protectora.
En el aparato 10 de stent doble bifurcador de la
invención, una vez que el stent 12 principal se ha dilatado y el
catéter 44 de estabilización se ha retirado, el stent 15 acampanado
se inserta sobre el alambre-guía 36 de ramificación,
y a través de la abertura 16 del stent 12 principal sustancialmente
según se muestra en la Figura 5, y se fija en su posición mediante
la expansión de la porción 18 acampanada, posicionada en el extremo
30 proximal del stent acampanado, según se muestra en las Figuras 1
y 5. El ángulo con el que se fija el stent 15 acampanado depende de
la estructura del vaso en el que se inserta el aparato 10 de stent
de bifurcación (Figura 1).
El procedimiento innovador de dos etapas para
implantar el aparato 10 novedoso de stent doble de bifurcación,
empieza con la inserción del alambre-guía 20
principal en el vaso 8 principal particular y a través de la
bifurcación 50. Una vez que el alambre-guía 20
principal está en su posición en el vaso 8 principal, el stent 12
principal se monta alrededor de un catéter 48 (que puede comprender
también un globo 24), y el catéter 48 y el stent 12 se insertan en
el vaso 8 principal. El stent 12 se posiciona de modo que la
abertura 16 se encuentra directamente sobre el punto 50 de
bifurcación en el vaso particular (Figura 6a). Con el fin de ayudar
a tal posicionamiento, un alambre-guía 36 de
ramificación y un catéter 44 de estabilización (según se ha
representado en las Figuras 5 y 6), se insertan también a través de
la abertura 16 del stent 12 principal y en el vaso 7 de ramificación
(Figura 6a).
En una realización alternativa del
procedimiento, el stent 12 principal, los catéteres 44 y 48, y el
alambre-guía 36 de ramificación lateral pueden ser
ensamblados con anterioridad a la inserción (con el catéter 44 de
estabilización y el alambre-guía de ramificación
lateral situados a través de la abertura 16 del stent principal) en
el sujeto, y después insertados en el punto 50 de bifurcación del
vaso 8 principal simultáneamente, después de lo cual el
alambre-guía 36 de ramificación lateral y el catéter
44 de estabilización son roscados en el vaso 7 de ramificación con
el fin de alinear apropiadamente la abertura 16 en el stent 12
principal (Figura 6a).
Para fijar el stent 12 principal en la posición
deseada en el interior del vaso 8, el stent 12 puede ser dilatado
inflando el globo 24 hasta que el stent 12 principal contacta con
las paredes del vaso 8 (Figura 6b). Una vez que el stent 12
principal se ha dilatado, los catéteres 44 y 48 son retirados,
dejando el stent 12 principal completamente posicionado, y el
alambre-guía 20 principal en el vaso principal
particular y el alambre-guía 36 de ramificación
lateral en el vaso de ramificación particular (Figura 6c).
En la segunda etapa del procedimiento de
despliegue, el stent doble de bifurcación de la invención, el
catéter 54 de stent acampanado, que contiene el stent 15 acampanado
comprimido en una funda 34 protectora y que puede contener además un
globo 25 dispuesto alrededor del catéter 54 de stent acampanado y en
el interior del stent 15 acampanado comprimido, se insertan en el
vaso 7 de ramificación particular alrededor del
alambre-guía 36 de ramificación lateral según se
muestra en la Figura 6c. El stent 15 acampanado comprimido se
posiciona inicialmente de modo que el extremo 30 proximal comprimido
del stent acampanado se extiende hacia el lumen 42 del stent 12
principal para facilitar la expansión completa de la porción 18
acampanada tras la retirada de la funda 34 protectora, con
anterioridad al posicionamiento final del stent 15 acampanado en la
ramificación de la bifurcación (Figura 6c). El extremo 32 distal del
stent acampanado está inicialmente posicionado en el interior del
vaso 7 de ramificación (Figura 6c). Después de que el extremo 30
proximal del stent acampanado comprimido se coloca apropiadamente en
el interior del lumen 42 del stent principal, la funda 34 protectora
es retirada del vaso 8, y la porción 18 acampanada del stent 15
acampanado se descomprime para extenderse radialmente, al menos en
parte, hasta el eje longitudinal del stent 15 acampanado, como se
muestra en la Figura 6d. Después de que la porción 18 acampanada del
stent 15 acampanado está en su configuración acampanada (según se
muestra en la Figura 6d), el stent 15 acampanado se hace avanzar
por la ramificación 7 lateral por su extremo 30 proximal, hasta que
al menos una parte de la porción 18 acampanada de la funda 15
acampanada contacta con al menos una porción de un borde de la
abertura 16 del stent 12 principal, como se muestra en la Figura 6e.
En este ejemplo, un globo 25 se infla con el fin de dilatar el stent
15 acampanado para llevar las paredes del stent 15 acampanado a
contactar con las paredes del vaso 7 de ramificación, como se
muestra en la Figura 6f. Todos los catéteres y
alambres-guía restantes, son retirados a
continuación del sujeto, dejando completamente desplegado el aparato
10 de stent doble bifurcador de la invención, que comprende el stent
12 principal con al menos una abertura 16, y el stent 15 acampanado
posicionado a través de la abertura 16 en el vaso 7 de ramificación,
según se muestra en la Figura 6g.
Cuando se tratan lesiones ostiales, se utiliza
el stent 15 solamente, y se posiciona con la utilización de
catéteres y de alambres-guía de la manera que se ha
descrito en lo que antecede, salvo que no se utiliza ningún catéter
de estabilización, y la porción 18 acampanada del stent acampanado
se posiciona en el ostium de un vaso, en vez de en una ramificación
lateral a través de la abertura 16 de una ramificación principal.
Una vez que el stent 15 acampanado ha sido posicionado cerca del
ostium de un vaso en particular, la funda 34 protectora se retrae
con el fin de permitir que la porción acampanada se expanda
completamente, y el stent 15 se hace avanzar más con el extremo
proximal del catéter, hasta que los ganchos 18 desplegados entran en
contacto con las paredes del vaso particular.
Todos los stents de la invención pueden ser
desplegados utilizando los procedimientos mencionados en los
párrafos anteriores sin recurrir a ningún catéter de globo. Por
ejemplo, un stent auto-expansionable comprimido,
contenido en el interior de una funda protectora, podría ser
auto-dilatado mediante la retracción de una funda
protectora. Pueden existir otros procedimientos de dilatación de los
stents de la invención, o pueden estar disponibles en el futuro, y
tales procedimientos están contemplados como comprendidos dentro del
alcance de esta invención. Mientras en este ejemplo se han utilizado
bucles de auto-desplegado para mostrar un medio de
creación de una porción acampanada, cualquier otro medio de creación
de acampanamiento, tal como, aunque sin limitación, la creación de
un rollo de material de stent que se comprime a continuación, está
contemplado como comprendido dentro del alcance de esta
invención.
Se pretende que la invención incluya todas las
modificaciones y variaciones de las realizaciones descritas que caen
dentro del alcance de las reivindicaciones de la invención.
Claims (6)
1. Un aparato (10) de stent doble extensible,
para su colocación en un vaso (7, 8) de bifurcación, que
comprende:
un primer stent (12) generalmente cilíndrico,
que posee lados que se extienden entre un primer (26) y un segundo
(28) extremos opuestos, y al menos una abertura (16) que está
definida en un lateral, y
un segundo stent (15) generalmente cilíndrico,
formado separadamente del primer stent (12), y adaptado para
extenderse a través de una de dichas aberturas (16) laterales del
citado primer stent (12);
en el que dichos primer (12) y segundo (15)
stents están construidos, cada uno de ellos, a partir de un material
que permite que dichos stents (12, 15) se expansionen para adaptarse
a la forma de un vaso (7, 8) particular, y en el que dicho segundo
stent (15) posee una porción (18) susceptible de acampanamiento en
un extremo (30), que está adaptada para ser acampanada radialmente
hacia el exterior hasta contactar con al menos una porción de la
abertura (16) del lateral del primer stent (12) cuando el segundo
stent (15) es desplegado hacia fuera a través de la abertura (16)
del primer stent (12).
2. El aparato (10) de stent de la reivindicación
1, en el que el aparato (10) de stent comprende material
biológicamente aceptable.
3. El aparato (10) de stent de la reivindicación
1 ó 2, en el que los stents (12, 15) comprenden un material
auto-expansionable.
4. El aparato (10) de stent de la reivindicación
1 ó 2, en el que los stents (12, 15) comprenden un material de globo
expansionable.
5. El aparato (10) de stent de cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que al menos una porción de los
stents (12, 15) es visualizable durante y después de la
inserción.
6. El aparato (10) de stent de la reivindicación
5, que comprende además marcadores (56) de visualización alrededor
del borde de la abertura (16) lateral y por encima de la porción
(18) acampanada del segundo stent (15).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US74400296A | 1996-11-04 | 1996-11-04 | |
| US744002 | 1996-11-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2273363T3 true ES2273363T3 (es) | 2007-05-01 |
Family
ID=24991046
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES97911649T Expired - Lifetime ES2273363T3 (es) | 1996-11-04 | 1997-10-17 | Doble stent extensible. |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (6) | US6210429B1 (es) |
| EP (2) | EP0944366B1 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE539702T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU4896797A (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69736676T2 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2273363T3 (es) |
| WO (2) | WO1998019628A1 (es) |
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-
1997
- 1997-10-17 AT AT06013959T patent/ATE539702T1/de active
- 1997-10-17 DE DE69736676T patent/DE69736676T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-17 WO PCT/US1997/018201 patent/WO1998019628A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-10-17 ES ES97911649T patent/ES2273363T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-17 EP EP97911649A patent/EP0944366B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-17 EP EP06013959A patent/EP1723931B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-17 AU AU48967/97A patent/AU4896797A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1998
- 1998-01-14 US US09/007,265 patent/US6210429B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-01-13 WO PCT/US1999/000835 patent/WO1999036002A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-04-06 US US09/827,637 patent/US20010037137A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-31 US US09/919,226 patent/US20020156516A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-01-18 US US10/050,524 patent/US6962602B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-11-04 US US11/267,437 patent/US20060085061A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-01-26 US US12/359,872 patent/US20090132028A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU4896797A (en) | 1998-05-29 |
| EP1723931A2 (en) | 2006-11-22 |
| US6210429B1 (en) | 2001-04-03 |
| US20010037137A1 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
| EP0944366A1 (en) | 1999-09-29 |
| US20020156516A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
| WO1999036002A1 (en) | 1999-07-22 |
| EP1723931B1 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
| US20060085061A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
| US20090132028A1 (en) | 2009-05-21 |
| ATE539702T1 (de) | 2012-01-15 |
| EP0944366B1 (en) | 2006-09-13 |
| DE69736676T2 (de) | 2007-01-11 |
| US6962602B2 (en) | 2005-11-08 |
| WO1998019628A1 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
| EP1723931A3 (en) | 2008-09-10 |
| US20020116047A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
| DE69736676D1 (de) | 2006-10-26 |
| EP0944366A4 (en) | 2004-07-07 |
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